and call it directly from tcp_slowtimo() (via a table) rather
than going through tcp_userreq().
This will allow us to call TCP timers directly from callouts,
in a future revision.
this file; while I'm here, rework the GIO arbitrator parameter setup to
match more closely what is done by lunix on the same hardware... Finally,
on a tip from Wilbern Cobb, preserve the graphics-related bits of the
GIO arbitrator parameter register from the PROM-initialized settings so
ARCS console on the graphics display works (tested on both my Indy with
Newport and my Indigo2 with XL gfx).
Instead of incrementing t_idle and t_rtt in tcp_slowtimo(), we now
take a timstamp (via tcp_now) and use subtraction to compute the
delta when we actually need it (using unsigned arithmetic so that
tcp_now wrapping is handled correctly).
Based on similar changes in FreeBSD.
be spread over several devices, and the phcb is usually the main one.
Add agp_machdep.c file which implements MD agp functions (currently
just agp_flush_cache).
function on all (probed) PCI buses:
int pci_find_device(struct pci_attach_args *pa,
int (*match)(struct pci_attach_args *));
The pci_attach_args structure pointed to by pa is filled in if the
device is found, and 1 is returned. Otherwise 0 is returned.
This function is, unfortunately, needed by the i810 agp code. It's
also of use for LKMs.
Also frob pci_probe_bus to take 2 extra args when used by pci_find_device.
APM_IOC_GETPOWER ioctl read/write. Setting the batteryid in the passed
structure returns the data for just that battery. The old ioctl
remains for binary compatibility but has been renamed.
Itojun already did the hard work -- I just added a couple of lines.
reviewed by: thorpej
Thorpe as an extension to the bus_space(9) API.
Only the mainbus has a working mmap... iomd, podulebus and isa dont have
one yet. Its trivial to add the iomd and isa's memory part but am a bit
hessistant to add it without knowing its implications by heart.
Podulebus might be implemented in 32 bits EASI but otherwise its not really
transparent since there is AFAIK no function to explicitly read one byte or
so .. or is this implemented in a higher level ?
ARM26 and arch/arm32/dnard (Shark) kernels compile and RiscPC and Shark
kernels are tested and function OK.
Implications of other ARM systems like hpcarm and ebarm are propably
minimal or solved trivially.
need to check for curproc being non-NULL since none of the pmap
interfaces which are legal to use in interrupt handlers use this macro.
- use the hit op when flushing the cache in pmap_kremove().
- avoid trusting the optimizer in pmap_clear_reference().
- fix pmap_clear_modify() to reset the mod-bit emulation so we can
detect further modifications to the page, also flushing the cache
for any mappings which might have dirty lines.
kernel_map. use this instead of the static map entries when allocating
map entries for kernel_map. this greatly reduces the number of static
map entries used and should eliminate the problems with running out.
This also involved updating the in-kernel DES functions to correspond
to the versions in our in-tree OpenSSL, because the des_SPtrans table
has changed; the asm code will not work with the old permutation table!
C and i386 asm code for the DES, 3DES, and Blowfish CBC modes is also
included; it is not currently built as the ESP processing in esp_core.c
splits the CBC operation and the cipher transform apart. Hopefully that
will be fixed as there is a substantial performance improvement to be had
from doing so. It will remain necessary to use the C version of the
Blowfish CBC function on some i386 machines, however, as the asm version
uses bswapl, which ony 486 and later processors have. The DES CBC code
doesn't have this problem.
Finally, change esp_core.c to use the ecb3_encrypt function instead of
calling ecb_encrypt three times; this improves performance a bit, in
particular in the asm case.
This also involved updating the in-kernel DES functions to correspond
to the versions in our in-tree OpenSSL, because the des_SPtrans table
has changed; the asm code will not work with the old permutation table!
C and i386 asm code for the DES, 3DES, and Blowfish CBC modes is also
included; it is not currently built as the ESP processing in esp_core.c
splits the CBC operation and the cipher transform apart. Hopefully that
will be fixed as there is a substantial performance improvement to be had
from doing so. It will remain necessary to use the C version of the
Blowfish CBC function on some i386 machines, however, as the asm version
uses bswapl, which ony 486 and later processors have. The DES CBC code
doesn't have this problem.
Finally, change esp_core.c to use the ecb3_encrypt function instead of
calling ecb_encrypt three times; this improves performance a bit, in
particular in the asm case.
only 16-bit align the region and use loop mode with longwords
to do the bulk of the work.
On the 68020+, fixed an optimization bug where all regions that start
on odd addresses would not be properly longword aligned.
diagnostic. It's not indicative of an error condition.
The code sequence in question calls fpusave_proc(), which ultimately
calls alpha_pal_wrfen(0), which clears the FEN bit in the current
PCB. However, the diagnostic message is based on reading that bit from
the PCB representation in memory, which is not guaranteed to be kept
up-to-date with respect to the real PCB contents. According to the
AARM, third edition, II-B 4.2:
"If the PCB is read while ownership resides with the processor, it is
UNPREDICTABLE whether the original or an updated value of a field is
read."
The Alpha architecture does not provide a way to read the true value
of the FEN bit of the current PCB, so the test is simply removed.
FreeBSD (three commits; the initial work, man page updates, and a fix
to ffs_reload()), with the following differences:
- Be consistent between newfs(8) and tunefs(8) as to the options which
set and control the tuning parameters for this work (avgfilesize & avgfpdir)
- Use u_int16_t instead of u_int8_t to keep track of the number of
contiguous directories (suggested by Chuck Silvers)
- Work within our FFS_EI framework
- Ensure that fs->fs_maxclusters and fs->fs_contigdirs don't point to
the same area of memory
The new algorithm has a marked performance increase, especially when
performing tasks such as untarring pkgsrc.tar.gz, etc.
The original FreeBSD commit messages are attached:
=====
mckusick 2001/04/10 01:39:00 PDT
Directory layout preference improvements from Grigoriy Orlov <gluk@ptci.ru>.
His description of the problem and solution follow. My own tests show
speedups on typical filesystem intensive workloads of 5% to 12% which
is very impressive considering the small amount of code change involved.
------
One day I noticed that some file operations run much faster on
small file systems then on big ones. I've looked at the ffs
algorithms, thought about them, and redesigned the dirpref algorithm.
First I want to describe the results of my tests. These results are old
and I have improved the algorithm after these tests were done. Nevertheless
they show how big the perfomance speedup may be. I have done two file/directory
intensive tests on a two OpenBSD systems with old and new dirpref algorithm.
The first test is "tar -xzf ports.tar.gz", the second is "rm -rf ports".
The ports.tar.gz file is the ports collection from the OpenBSD 2.8 release.
It contains 6596 directories and 13868 files. The test systems are:
1. Celeron-450, 128Mb, two IDE drives, the system at wd0, file system for
test is at wd1. Size of test file system is 8 Gb, number of cg=991,
size of cg is 8m, block size = 8k, fragment size = 1k OpenBSD-current
from Dec 2000 with BUFCACHEPERCENT=35
2. PIII-600, 128Mb, two IBM DTLA-307045 IDE drives at i815e, the system
at wd0, file system for test is at wd1. Size of test file system is 40 Gb,
number of cg=5324, size of cg is 8m, block size = 8k, fragment size = 1k
OpenBSD-current from Dec 2000 with BUFCACHEPERCENT=50
You can get more info about the test systems and methods at:
http://www.ptci.ru/gluk/dirpref/old/dirpref.html
Test Results
tar -xzf ports.tar.gz rm -rf ports
mode old dirpref new dirpref speedup old dirprefnew dirpref speedup
First system
normal 667 472 1.41 477 331 1.44
async 285 144 1.98 130 14 9.29
sync 768 616 1.25 477 334 1.43
softdep 413 252 1.64 241 38 6.34
Second system
normal 329 81 4.06 263.5 93.5 2.81
async 302 25.7 11.75 112 2.26 49.56
sync 281 57.0 4.93 263 90.5 2.9
softdep 341 40.6 8.4 284 4.76 59.66
"old dirpref" and "new dirpref" columns give a test time in seconds.
speedup - speed increasement in times, ie. old dirpref / new dirpref.
------
Algorithm description
The old dirpref algorithm is described in comments:
/*
* Find a cylinder to place a directory.
*
* The policy implemented by this algorithm is to select from
* among those cylinder groups with above the average number of
* free inodes, the one with the smallest number of directories.
*/
A new directory is allocated in a different cylinder groups than its
parent directory resulting in a directory tree that is spreaded across
all the cylinder groups. This spreading out results in a non-optimal
access to the directories and files. When we have a small filesystem
it is not a problem but when the filesystem is big then perfomance
degradation becomes very apparent.
What I mean by a big file system ?
1. A big filesystem is a filesystem which occupy 20-30 or more percent
of total drive space, i.e. first and last cylinder are physically
located relatively far from each other.
2. It has a relatively large number of cylinder groups, for example
more cylinder groups than 50% of the buffers in the buffer cache.
The first results in long access times, while the second results in
many buffers being used by metadata operations. Such operations use
cylinder group blocks and on-disk inode blocks. The cylinder group
block (fs->fs_cblkno) contains struct cg, inode and block bit maps.
It is 2k in size for the default filesystem parameters. If new and
parent directories are located in different cylinder groups then the
system performs more input/output operations and uses more buffers.
On filesystems with many cylinder groups, lots of cache buffers are
used for metadata operations.
My solution for this problem is very simple. I allocate many directories
in one cylinder group. I also do some things, so that the new allocation
method does not cause excessive fragmentation and all directory inodes
will not be located at a location far from its file's inodes and data.
The algorithm is:
/*
* Find a cylinder group to place a directory.
*
* The policy implemented by this algorithm is to allocate a
* directory inode in the same cylinder group as its parent
* directory, but also to reserve space for its files inodes
* and data. Restrict the number of directories which may be
* allocated one after another in the same cylinder group
* without intervening allocation of files.
*
* If we allocate a first level directory then force allocation
* in another cylinder group.
*/
My early versions of dirpref give me a good results for a wide range of
file operations and different filesystem capacities except one case:
those applications that create their entire directory structure first
and only later fill this structure with files.
My solution for such and similar cases is to limit a number of
directories which may be created one after another in the same cylinder
group without intervening file creations. For this purpose, I allocate
an array of counters at mount time. This array is linked to the superblock
fs->fs_contigdirs[cg]. Each time a directory is created the counter
increases and each time a file is created the counter decreases. A 60Gb
filesystem with 8mb/cg requires 10kb of memory for the counters array.
The maxcontigdirs is a maximum number of directories which may be created
without an intervening file creation. I found in my tests that the best
performance occurs when I restrict the number of directories in one cylinder
group such that all its files may be located in the same cylinder group.
There may be some deterioration in performance if all the file inodes
are in the same cylinder group as its containing directory, but their
data partially resides in a different cylinder group. The maxcontigdirs
value is calculated to try to prevent this condition. Since there is
no way to know how many files and directories will be allocated later
I added two optimization parameters in superblock/tunefs. They are:
int32_t fs_avgfilesize; /* expected average file size */
int32_t fs_avgfpdir; /* expected # of files per directory */
These parameters have reasonable defaults but may be tweeked for special
uses of a filesystem. They are only necessary in rare cases like better
tuning a filesystem being used to store a squid cache.
I have been using this algorithm for about 3 months. I have done
a lot of testing on filesystems with different capacities, average
filesize, average number of files per directory, and so on. I think
this algorithm has no negative impact on filesystem perfomance. It
works better than the default one in all cases. The new dirpref
will greatly improve untarring/removing/coping of big directories,
decrease load on cvs servers and much more. The new dirpref doesn't
speedup a compilation process, but also doesn't slow it down.
Obtained from: Grigoriy Orlov <gluk@ptci.ru>
=====
=====
iedowse 2001/04/23 17:37:17 PDT
Pre-dirpref versions of fsck may zero out the new superblock fields
fs_contigdirs, fs_avgfilesize and fs_avgfpdir. This could cause
panics if these fields were zeroed while a filesystem was mounted
read-only, and then remounted read-write.
Add code to ffs_reload() which copies the fs_contigdirs pointer
from the previous superblock, and reinitialises fs_avgf* if necessary.
Reviewed by: mckusick
=====
=====
nik 2001/04/10 03:36:44 PDT
Add information about the new options to newfs and tunefs which set the
expected average file size and number of files per directory. Could do
with some fleshing out.
=====
Temp work around problems where if we allow for non-polled mailbox commands
we got nailed by hardclock calling is for a timed thaw. Basically, this
means we only enable non-polled mailbox commands in the FC kthread when it
calls isp_fc_runstate.
attributes of some variants of FC f/w (SCCLUN or not). Fake f/w
rev for SBus cards- the f/w versions we're using don't return
version in outgoing mailbox registers like they should.
* teach it to read the MAC addr from the correct place (from OpenBSD)
* change order of intr_dis/establish() and function_en/disable() to
avoid panics on this multifunction card due to the CCR window
not being mapped in intr_dis/establish()
-apply the patch from PR kern/13117 (Onno van der Linden) to make the
hardware cursor disappear more thoroughly
-deal with PR kern/13573: hardware cursor too big, but differently:
we have to obey the font size actually used. At this point, fix the
problem that the cursor got messed up by the initialization of
unrelated screens.
-unref font(s) if a screen is deleted, so they could be unloaded
if dev/wsfont supported it
-add missing pieces to support screen types with font sizes != 8x16
as system console - now
options VGA_CONSOLE_SCREENTYPE="\"80x50\""
options FONT_VT220L8x8
gives you what you'd expect
- Add mpu at cmpci attachment.
- Fix panic during attach on alpha.
- Change register of SPDIF input phase (but undocumented, either).
- Change code for mixer initialization.
- Return 1, not 0, when an interrupt is processed.
More changes to the mixer are pending....
Actually, the silence filler can do any multiple of 8 bits now, but I didn't
allow the parameter check to accept more than 32 bit to avoid confusion
of drivers that fail to check the parameters themselves thoroughly.
This should be changed later.
compiled-in or runtime loaded fonts,
keep font pointers in a LRU queue and load into the adapter on demand,
so we can have more fonts in use than physical font slots
CAUTION: font loading through the wsdisplay device directly into the
adapter doesn't work anymore!
in an effort to maintain compatibility with freebsd/openbsd/whatever,
i'm attempting to get the superblock format in sync, and freebsd uses
the int32_t at this position for `fs_pendinginodes'.
if we ever decide to implement fscktime functionality, we'll:
a) make sure to liaise with the other projects to reserve the same
spare field
b) actually implement the code this time ...
(this is also preparing us for other changes, like the new dirpref code)
the 32 and 64 files define MACHINE_ARCH, CC, LD and AS appropriately to build
a 32 or 64 bit kernel, respectively. this allows either to be built on a
system that can generate 32 or 64 bit code.
cylinder groups to work correctly, with minor modifications by me to work
with our FFS_EI code. From the FreeBSD commit message:
The ffs superblock includes a 128-byte region for use by temporary
in-core pointers to summary information. An array in this region
(fs_csp) could overflow on filesystems with a very large number of
cylinder groups (~16000 on i386 with 8k blocks). When this happens,
other fields in the superblock get corrupted, and fsck refuses to
check the filesystem.
Solve this problem by replacing the fs_csp array in 'struct fs'
with a single pointer, and add padding to keep the length of the
128-byte region fixed. Update the kernel and userland utilities
to use just this single pointer.
With this change, the kernel no longer makes use of the superblock
fields 'fs_csshift' and 'fs_csmask'. Add a comment to newfs/mkfs.c
to indicate that these fields must be calculated for compatibility
with older kernels.
Reviewed by: mckusick
in how interrupts are down- the 23XX has not only a different place to check
for an interrupt, but unlike all other QLogic cards, you have to read the
status as a 32 bit word- not 16 bit words. Rather than have device specific
functions as called from the core module (in isp_intr), it makes more sense
to have the platform/bus modules do the gruntwork of splitting out the
isr, semaphore register and the first outgoing mailbox register (if needed)
*prior* to calling isp_intr (if calling isp_intr is necessary at all).
you've got to pad the text just like with 4.3BSD binaries.
fix it.
i have now successfully tested compat-vax1k with real
o/m/z magic binaries from both 4.3BSD and netbsd 1.3.
- Cast blk argument to lblktosize() to (off_t), to prevent 32 bit overflow.
whilst almost every use in ffs used this for small blknos, there are
potential issues, and it's safer this way. (as discussed with chuq)
- Use 64bit (off_t) math to calculate if we have hit our freespace() limit.
Necessary for coherent results on filesystems bigger than 0.5Tb.
- Use lblktosize() in blksize() and dblksize(), to make it obvious what's
happening
- Remove sblksize() - nothing uses it
thorpej