mimalloc/src/os.c

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2019-06-20 02:26:12 +03:00
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (c) 2018, Microsoft Research, Daan Leijen
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
terms of the MIT license. A copy of the license can be found in the file
"LICENSE" at the root of this distribution.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#ifndef _DEFAULT_SOURCE
#define _DEFAULT_SOURCE // ensure mmap flags are defined
#endif
#include "mimalloc.h"
#include "mimalloc-internal.h"
#include "mimalloc-atomic.h"
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#include <string.h> // strerror
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#if defined(_WIN32)
#include <windows.h>
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#elif defined(__wasi__)
// stdlib.h is all we need, and has already been included in mimalloc.h
#else
#include <sys/mman.h> // mmap
#include <unistd.h> // sysconf
#if defined(__linux__)
#include <linux/mman.h> // linux mmap flags
#endif
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#if defined(__APPLE__)
#include <mach/vm_statistics.h>
#endif
#endif
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/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Initialization.
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On windows initializes support for aligned allocation and
large OS pages (if MIMALLOC_LARGE_OS_PAGES is true).
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----------------------------------------------------------- */
bool _mi_os_decommit(void* addr, size_t size, mi_stats_t* stats);
static void* mi_align_up_ptr(void* p, size_t alignment) {
return (void*)_mi_align_up((uintptr_t)p, alignment);
}
static uintptr_t _mi_align_down(uintptr_t sz, size_t alignment) {
return (sz / alignment) * alignment;
}
static void* mi_align_down_ptr(void* p, size_t alignment) {
return (void*)_mi_align_down((uintptr_t)p, alignment);
}
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// page size (initialized properly in `os_init`)
static size_t os_page_size = 4096;
// minimal allocation granularity
static size_t os_alloc_granularity = 4096;
// if non-zero, use large page allocation
static size_t large_os_page_size = 0;
// OS (small) page size
size_t _mi_os_page_size() {
return os_page_size;
}
// if large OS pages are supported (2 or 4MiB), then return the size, otherwise return the small page size (4KiB)
size_t _mi_os_large_page_size() {
return (large_os_page_size != 0 ? large_os_page_size : _mi_os_page_size());
}
static bool use_large_os_page(size_t size, size_t alignment) {
// if we have access, check the size and alignment requirements
if (large_os_page_size == 0 || !mi_option_is_enabled(mi_option_large_os_pages)) return false;
return ((size % large_os_page_size) == 0 && (alignment % large_os_page_size) == 0);
}
// round to a good OS allocation size (bounded by max 12.5% waste)
size_t _mi_os_good_alloc_size(size_t size) {
size_t align_size;
if (size < 512*KiB) align_size = _mi_os_page_size();
else if (size < 2*MiB) align_size = 64*KiB;
else if (size < 8*MiB) align_size = 256*KiB;
else if (size < 32*MiB) align_size = 1*MiB;
else align_size = 4*MiB;
if (size >= (SIZE_MAX - align_size)) return size; // possible overflow?
return _mi_align_up(size, align_size);
}
#if defined(_WIN32)
// We use VirtualAlloc2 for aligned allocation, but it is only supported on Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016.
// So, we need to look it up dynamically to run on older systems. (use __stdcall for 32-bit compatibility)
// NtAllocateVirtualAllocEx is used for huge OS page allocation (1GiB)
// We hide MEM_EXTENDED_PARAMETER to compile with older SDK's.
#include <winternl.h>
typedef PVOID (__stdcall *PVirtualAlloc2)(HANDLE, PVOID, SIZE_T, ULONG, ULONG, /* MEM_EXTENDED_PARAMETER* */ void*, ULONG);
typedef NTSTATUS (__stdcall *PNtAllocateVirtualMemoryEx)(HANDLE, PVOID*, SIZE_T*, ULONG, ULONG, /* MEM_EXTENDED_PARAMETER* */ PVOID, ULONG);
static PVirtualAlloc2 pVirtualAlloc2 = NULL;
static PNtAllocateVirtualMemoryEx pNtAllocateVirtualMemoryEx = NULL;
static bool mi_win_enable_large_os_pages()
{
if (large_os_page_size > 0) return true;
// Try to see if large OS pages are supported
// To use large pages on Windows, we first need access permission
// Set "Lock pages in memory" permission in the group policy editor
// <https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20110128-00/?p=11643>
unsigned long err = 0;
HANDLE token = NULL;
BOOL ok = OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES | TOKEN_QUERY, &token);
if (ok) {
TOKEN_PRIVILEGES tp;
ok = LookupPrivilegeValue(NULL, TEXT("SeLockMemoryPrivilege"), &tp.Privileges[0].Luid);
if (ok) {
tp.PrivilegeCount = 1;
tp.Privileges[0].Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED;
ok = AdjustTokenPrivileges(token, FALSE, &tp, 0, (PTOKEN_PRIVILEGES)NULL, 0);
if (ok) {
err = GetLastError();
ok = (err == ERROR_SUCCESS);
if (ok) {
large_os_page_size = GetLargePageMinimum();
}
}
}
CloseHandle(token);
}
if (!ok) {
if (err == 0) err = GetLastError();
_mi_warning_message("cannot enable large OS page support, error %lu\n", err);
}
return (ok!=0);
}
void _mi_os_init(void) {
// get the page size
SYSTEM_INFO si;
GetSystemInfo(&si);
if (si.dwPageSize > 0) os_page_size = si.dwPageSize;
if (si.dwAllocationGranularity > 0) os_alloc_granularity = si.dwAllocationGranularity;
// get the VirtualAlloc2 function
HINSTANCE hDll;
hDll = LoadLibrary(TEXT("kernelbase.dll"));
if (hDll != NULL) {
// use VirtualAlloc2FromApp if possible as it is available to Windows store apps
pVirtualAlloc2 = (PVirtualAlloc2)(void (*)(void))GetProcAddress(hDll, "VirtualAlloc2FromApp");
if (pVirtualAlloc2==NULL) pVirtualAlloc2 = (PVirtualAlloc2)(void (*)(void))GetProcAddress(hDll, "VirtualAlloc2");
FreeLibrary(hDll);
}
hDll = LoadLibrary(TEXT("ntdll.dll"));
if (hDll != NULL) {
pNtAllocateVirtualMemoryEx = (PNtAllocateVirtualMemoryEx)(void (*)(void))GetProcAddress(hDll, "NtAllocateVirtualMemoryEx");
FreeLibrary(hDll);
}
if (mi_option_is_enabled(mi_option_large_os_pages) || mi_option_is_enabled(mi_option_reserve_huge_os_pages)) {
mi_win_enable_large_os_pages();
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}
}
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#elif defined(__wasi__)
void _mi_os_init() {
os_page_size = 0x10000; // WebAssembly has a fixed page size: 64KB
os_alloc_granularity = 16;
}
#else
void _mi_os_init() {
// get the page size
long result = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
if (result > 0) {
os_page_size = (size_t)result;
os_alloc_granularity = os_page_size;
}
large_os_page_size = 2*MiB; // TODO: can we query the OS for this?
}
#endif
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Raw allocation on Windows (VirtualAlloc) and Unix's (mmap).
----------------------------------------------------------- */
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static bool mi_os_mem_free(void* addr, size_t size, bool was_committed, mi_stats_t* stats)
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{
if (addr == NULL || size == 0) return true; // || _mi_os_is_huge_reserved(addr)
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bool err = false;
#if defined(_WIN32)
err = (VirtualFree(addr, 0, MEM_RELEASE) == 0);
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#elif defined(__wasi__)
err = 0; // WebAssembly's heap cannot be shrunk
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#else
err = (munmap(addr, size) == -1);
#endif
if (was_committed) _mi_stat_decrease(&stats->committed, size);
_mi_stat_decrease(&stats->reserved, size);
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if (err) {
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#pragma warning(suppress:4996)
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_mi_warning_message("munmap failed: %s, addr 0x%8li, size %lu\n", strerror(errno), (size_t)addr, size);
return false;
}
else {
return true;
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}
}
static void* mi_os_get_aligned_hint(size_t try_alignment, size_t size);
#ifdef _WIN32
static void* mi_win_virtual_allocx(void* addr, size_t size, size_t try_alignment, DWORD flags) {
#if (MI_INTPTR_SIZE >= 8)
// on 64-bit systems, try to use the virtual address area after 4TiB for 4MiB aligned allocations
void* hint;
if (addr == NULL && (hint = mi_os_get_aligned_hint(try_alignment,size)) != NULL) {
void* p = VirtualAlloc(hint, size, flags, PAGE_READWRITE);
if (p != NULL) return p;
DWORD err = GetLastError();
if (err != ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS) { // if linked with multiple instances, we may have tried to allocate at an already allocated area
return NULL;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(MEM_EXTENDED_PARAMETER_TYPE_BITS)
// on modern Windows try use VirtualAlloc2 for aligned allocation
if (try_alignment > 0 && (try_alignment % _mi_os_page_size()) == 0 && pVirtualAlloc2 != NULL) {
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MEM_ADDRESS_REQUIREMENTS reqs = { 0, 0, 0 };
reqs.Alignment = try_alignment;
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MEM_EXTENDED_PARAMETER param = { {0, 0}, {0} };
param.Type = MemExtendedParameterAddressRequirements;
param.Pointer = &reqs;
return (*pVirtualAlloc2)(GetCurrentProcess(), addr, size, flags, PAGE_READWRITE, &param, 1);
}
#endif
return VirtualAlloc(addr, size, flags, PAGE_READWRITE);
}
static void* mi_win_virtual_alloc(void* addr, size_t size, size_t try_alignment, DWORD flags, bool large_only, bool allow_large, bool* is_large) {
mi_assert_internal(!(large_only && !allow_large));
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static volatile _Atomic(uintptr_t) large_page_try_ok; // = 0;
void* p = NULL;
if ((large_only || use_large_os_page(size, try_alignment))
&& allow_large && (flags&MEM_COMMIT)!=0 && (flags&MEM_RESERVE)!=0) {
uintptr_t try_ok = mi_atomic_read(&large_page_try_ok);
if (!large_only && try_ok > 0) {
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// if a large page allocation fails, it seems the calls to VirtualAlloc get very expensive.
// therefore, once a large page allocation failed, we don't try again for `large_page_try_ok` times.
mi_atomic_cas_weak(&large_page_try_ok, try_ok - 1, try_ok);
}
else {
// large OS pages must always reserve and commit.
*is_large = true;
p = mi_win_virtual_allocx(addr, size, try_alignment, flags | MEM_LARGE_PAGES);
if (large_only) return p;
// fall back to non-large page allocation on error (`p == NULL`).
if (p == NULL) {
mi_atomic_write(&large_page_try_ok,10); // on error, don't try again for the next N allocations
}
}
}
if (p == NULL) {
*is_large = ((flags&MEM_LARGE_PAGES) != 0);
p = mi_win_virtual_allocx(addr, size, try_alignment, flags);
}
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if (p == NULL) {
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_mi_warning_message("unable to allocate memory: error code: %i, addr: %p, size: 0x%x, large only: %d, allow_large: %d\n", GetLastError(), addr, size, large_only, allow_large);
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}
return p;
}
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#elif defined(__wasi__)
static void* mi_wasm_heap_grow(size_t size, size_t try_alignment) {
uintptr_t base = __builtin_wasm_memory_size(0) * _mi_os_page_size();
uintptr_t aligned_base = _mi_align_up(base, (uintptr_t) try_alignment);
size_t alloc_size = _mi_align_up( aligned_base - base + size, _mi_os_page_size());
mi_assert(alloc_size >= size && (alloc_size % _mi_os_page_size()) == 0);
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if (alloc_size < size) return NULL;
if (__builtin_wasm_memory_grow(0, alloc_size / _mi_os_page_size()) == SIZE_MAX) {
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errno = ENOMEM;
return NULL;
}
return (void*)aligned_base;
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}
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#else
#define MI_OS_USE_MMAP
static void* mi_unix_mmapx(void* addr, size_t size, size_t try_alignment, int protect_flags, int flags, int fd) {
void* p = NULL;
#if (MI_INTPTR_SIZE >= 8) && !defined(MAP_ALIGNED)
// on 64-bit systems, use the virtual address area after 4TiB for 4MiB aligned allocations
void* hint;
if (addr == NULL && (hint = mi_os_get_aligned_hint(try_alignment, size)) != NULL) {
p = mmap(hint,size,protect_flags,flags,fd,0);
if (p==MAP_FAILED) p = NULL; // fall back to regular mmap
}
#else
UNUSED(try_alignment);
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UNUSED(mi_os_get_aligned_hint);
#endif
if (p==NULL) {
p = mmap(addr,size,protect_flags,flags,fd,0);
if (p==MAP_FAILED) p = NULL;
}
return p;
}
static void* mi_unix_mmap(void* addr, size_t size, size_t try_alignment, int protect_flags, bool large_only, bool allow_large, bool* is_large) {
void* p = NULL;
#if !defined(MAP_ANONYMOUS)
#define MAP_ANONYMOUS MAP_ANON
#endif
#if !defined(MAP_NORESERVE)
#define MAP_NORESERVE 0
#endif
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int flags = MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_NORESERVE;
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int fd = -1;
#if defined(MAP_ALIGNED) // BSD
if (try_alignment > 0) {
size_t n = _mi_bsr(try_alignment);
if (((size_t)1 << n) == try_alignment && n >= 12 && n <= 30) { // alignment is a power of 2 and 4096 <= alignment <= 1GiB
flags |= MAP_ALIGNED(n);
}
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}
#endif
#if defined(PROT_MAX)
protect_flags |= PROT_MAX(PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE); // BSD
#endif
#if defined(VM_MAKE_TAG)
// macOS: tracking anonymous page with a specific ID. (All up to 98 are taken officially but LLVM sanitizers had taken 99)
int os_tag = (int)mi_option_get(mi_option_os_tag);
if (os_tag < 100 || os_tag > 255) os_tag = 100;
fd = VM_MAKE_TAG(os_tag);
#endif
if ((large_only || use_large_os_page(size, try_alignment)) && allow_large) {
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static volatile _Atomic(uintptr_t) large_page_try_ok; // = 0;
uintptr_t try_ok = mi_atomic_read(&large_page_try_ok);
if (!large_only && try_ok > 0) {
// If the OS is not configured for large OS pages, or the user does not have
// enough permission, the `mmap` will always fail (but it might also fail for other reasons).
// Therefore, once a large page allocation failed, we don't try again for `large_page_try_ok` times
// to avoid too many failing calls to mmap.
mi_atomic_cas_weak(&large_page_try_ok, try_ok - 1, try_ok);
}
else {
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int lflags = flags & ~MAP_NORESERVE; // using NORESERVE on huge pages seems to fail on Linux
int lfd = fd;
#ifdef MAP_ALIGNED_SUPER
lflags |= MAP_ALIGNED_SUPER;
#endif
#ifdef MAP_HUGETLB
lflags |= MAP_HUGETLB;
#endif
#ifdef MAP_HUGE_1GB
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static bool mi_huge_pages_available = true;
if ((size % GiB) == 0 && mi_huge_pages_available) {
lflags |= MAP_HUGE_1GB;
}
else
#endif
{
#ifdef MAP_HUGE_2MB
lflags |= MAP_HUGE_2MB;
#endif
}
#ifdef VM_FLAGS_SUPERPAGE_SIZE_2MB
lfd |= VM_FLAGS_SUPERPAGE_SIZE_2MB;
#endif
if (large_only || lflags != flags) {
// try large OS page allocation
*is_large = true;
p = mi_unix_mmapx(addr, size, try_alignment, protect_flags, lflags, lfd);
#ifdef MAP_HUGE_1GB
if (p == NULL && (lflags & MAP_HUGE_1GB) != 0) {
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mi_huge_pages_available = false; // don't try huge 1GiB pages again
_mi_warning_message("unable to allocate huge (1GiB) page, trying large (2MiB) pages instead (error %i)\n", errno);
lflags = ((lflags & ~MAP_HUGE_1GB) | MAP_HUGE_2MB);
p = mi_unix_mmapx(addr, size, try_alignment, protect_flags, lflags, lfd);
}
#endif
if (large_only) return p;
if (p == NULL) {
mi_atomic_write(&large_page_try_ok, 10); // on error, don't try again for the next N allocations
}
}
}
}
if (p == NULL) {
*is_large = false;
p = mi_unix_mmapx(addr, size, try_alignment, protect_flags, flags, fd);
#if defined(MADV_HUGEPAGE)
// Many Linux systems don't allow MAP_HUGETLB but they support instead
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// transparent huge pages (THP). It is not required to call `madvise` with MADV_HUGE
// though since properly aligned allocations will already use large pages if available
// in that case -- in particular for our large regions (in `memory.c`).
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// However, some systems only allow THP if called with explicit `madvise`, so
// when large OS pages are enabled for mimalloc, we call `madvice` anyways.
if (allow_large && use_large_os_page(size, try_alignment)) {
if (madvise(p, size, MADV_HUGEPAGE) == 0) {
*is_large = true; // possibly
};
}
#endif
}
return p;
}
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#endif
// On 64-bit systems, we can do efficient aligned allocation by using
// the 4TiB to 30TiB area to allocate them.
#if (MI_INTPTR_SIZE >= 8) && (defined(_WIN32) || (defined(MI_OS_USE_MMAP) && !defined(MAP_ALIGNED)))
static volatile mi_decl_cache_align _Atomic(uintptr_t) aligned_base;
// Return a 4MiB aligned address that is probably available
static void* mi_os_get_aligned_hint(size_t try_alignment, size_t size) {
if (try_alignment == 0 || try_alignment > MI_SEGMENT_SIZE) return NULL;
if ((size%MI_SEGMENT_SIZE) != 0) return NULL;
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uintptr_t hint = mi_atomic_add(&aligned_base, size);
if (hint == 0 || hint > ((intptr_t)30<<40)) { // try to wrap around after 30TiB (area after 32TiB is used for huge OS pages)
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uintptr_t init = ((uintptr_t)4 << 40); // start at 4TiB area
#if (MI_SECURE>0 || MI_DEBUG==0) // security: randomize start of aligned allocations unless in debug mode
uintptr_t r = _mi_heap_random_next(mi_get_default_heap());
init = init + (MI_SEGMENT_SIZE * ((r>>17) & 0xFFFFF)); // (randomly 20 bits)*4MiB == 0 to 4TiB
#endif
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mi_atomic_cas_strong(&aligned_base, init, hint + size);
hint = mi_atomic_add(&aligned_base, size); // this may still give 0 or > 30TiB but that is ok, it is a hint after all
}
if (hint%try_alignment != 0) return NULL;
return (void*)hint;
}
#else
static void* mi_os_get_aligned_hint(size_t try_alignment, size_t size) {
UNUSED(try_alignment); UNUSED(size);
return NULL;
}
#endif
// Primitive allocation from the OS.
// Note: the `try_alignment` is just a hint and the returned pointer is not guaranteed to be aligned.
static void* mi_os_mem_alloc(size_t size, size_t try_alignment, bool commit, bool allow_large, bool* is_large, mi_stats_t* stats) {
mi_assert_internal(size > 0 && (size % _mi_os_page_size()) == 0);
if (size == 0) return NULL;
if (!commit) allow_large = false;
void* p = NULL;
/*
if (commit && allow_large) {
p = _mi_os_try_alloc_from_huge_reserved(size, try_alignment);
if (p != NULL) {
*is_large = true;
return p;
}
}
*/
#if defined(_WIN32)
int flags = MEM_RESERVE;
if (commit) flags |= MEM_COMMIT;
p = mi_win_virtual_alloc(NULL, size, try_alignment, flags, false, allow_large, is_large);
#elif defined(__wasi__)
*is_large = false;
p = mi_wasm_heap_grow(size, try_alignment);
#else
int protect_flags = (commit ? (PROT_WRITE | PROT_READ) : PROT_NONE);
p = mi_unix_mmap(NULL, size, try_alignment, protect_flags, false, allow_large, is_large);
#endif
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mi_stat_counter_increase(stats->mmap_calls, 1);
if (p != NULL) {
_mi_stat_increase(&stats->reserved, size);
if (commit) { _mi_stat_increase(&stats->committed, size); }
}
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return p;
}
// Primitive aligned allocation from the OS.
// This function guarantees the allocated memory is aligned.
static void* mi_os_mem_alloc_aligned(size_t size, size_t alignment, bool commit, bool allow_large, bool* is_large, mi_stats_t* stats) {
mi_assert_internal(alignment >= _mi_os_page_size() && ((alignment & (alignment - 1)) == 0));
mi_assert_internal(size > 0 && (size % _mi_os_page_size()) == 0);
if (!commit) allow_large = false;
if (!(alignment >= _mi_os_page_size() && ((alignment & (alignment - 1)) == 0))) return NULL;
size = _mi_align_up(size, _mi_os_page_size());
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// try first with a hint (this will be aligned directly on Win 10+ or BSD)
void* p = mi_os_mem_alloc(size, alignment, commit, allow_large, is_large, stats);
if (p == NULL) return NULL;
// if not aligned, free it, overallocate, and unmap around it
if (((uintptr_t)p % alignment != 0)) {
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mi_os_mem_free(p, size, commit, stats);
if (size >= (SIZE_MAX - alignment)) return NULL; // overflow
size_t over_size = size + alignment;
#if _WIN32
// over-allocate and than re-allocate exactly at an aligned address in there.
// this may fail due to threads allocating at the same time so we
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// retry this at most 3 times before giving up.
// (we can not decommit around the overallocation on Windows, because we can only
// free the original pointer, not one pointing inside the area)
int flags = MEM_RESERVE;
if (commit) flags |= MEM_COMMIT;
for (int tries = 0; tries < 3; tries++) {
// over-allocate to determine a virtual memory range
p = mi_os_mem_alloc(over_size, alignment, commit, false, is_large, stats);
if (p == NULL) return NULL; // error
if (((uintptr_t)p % alignment) == 0) {
// if p happens to be aligned, just decommit the left-over area
_mi_os_decommit((uint8_t*)p + size, over_size - size, stats);
break;
}
else {
// otherwise free and allocate at an aligned address in there
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mi_os_mem_free(p, over_size, commit, stats);
void* aligned_p = mi_align_up_ptr(p, alignment);
p = mi_win_virtual_alloc(aligned_p, size, alignment, flags, false, allow_large, is_large);
if (p == aligned_p) break; // success!
if (p != NULL) { // should not happen?
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mi_os_mem_free(p, size, commit, stats);
p = NULL;
}
}
}
#else
// overallocate...
p = mi_os_mem_alloc(over_size, alignment, commit, false, is_large, stats);
if (p == NULL) return NULL;
// and selectively unmap parts around the over-allocated area.
void* aligned_p = mi_align_up_ptr(p, alignment);
size_t pre_size = (uint8_t*)aligned_p - (uint8_t*)p;
size_t mid_size = _mi_align_up(size, _mi_os_page_size());
size_t post_size = over_size - pre_size - mid_size;
mi_assert_internal(pre_size < over_size && post_size < over_size && mid_size >= size);
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if (pre_size > 0) mi_os_mem_free(p, pre_size, commit, stats);
if (post_size > 0) mi_os_mem_free((uint8_t*)aligned_p + mid_size, post_size, commit, stats);
// we can return the aligned pointer on `mmap` systems
p = aligned_p;
#endif
}
mi_assert_internal(p == NULL || (p != NULL && ((uintptr_t)p % alignment) == 0));
return p;
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
OS API: alloc, free, alloc_aligned
----------------------------------------------------------- */
void* _mi_os_alloc(size_t size, mi_stats_t* stats) {
if (size == 0) return NULL;
size = _mi_os_good_alloc_size(size);
bool is_large = false;
return mi_os_mem_alloc(size, 0, true, false, &is_large, stats);
}
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void _mi_os_free_ex(void* p, size_t size, bool was_committed, mi_stats_t* stats) {
if (size == 0 || p == NULL) return;
size = _mi_os_good_alloc_size(size);
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mi_os_mem_free(p, size, was_committed, stats);
}
void _mi_os_free(void* p, size_t size, mi_stats_t* stats) {
_mi_os_free_ex(p, size, true, stats);
}
void* _mi_os_alloc_aligned(size_t size, size_t alignment, bool commit, bool* large, mi_os_tld_t* tld)
{
if (size == 0) return NULL;
size = _mi_os_good_alloc_size(size);
alignment = _mi_align_up(alignment, _mi_os_page_size());
bool allow_large = false;
if (large != NULL) {
allow_large = *large;
*large = false;
}
return mi_os_mem_alloc_aligned(size, alignment, commit, allow_large, (large!=NULL?large:&allow_large), tld->stats);
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
OS memory API: reset, commit, decommit, protect, unprotect.
----------------------------------------------------------- */
// OS page align within a given area, either conservative (pages inside the area only),
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// or not (straddling pages outside the area is possible)
static void* mi_os_page_align_areax(bool conservative, void* addr, size_t size, size_t* newsize) {
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mi_assert(addr != NULL && size > 0);
if (newsize != NULL) *newsize = 0;
if (size == 0 || addr == NULL) return NULL;
// page align conservatively within the range
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void* start = (conservative ? mi_align_up_ptr(addr, _mi_os_page_size())
: mi_align_down_ptr(addr, _mi_os_page_size()));
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void* end = (conservative ? mi_align_down_ptr((uint8_t*)addr + size, _mi_os_page_size())
: mi_align_up_ptr((uint8_t*)addr + size, _mi_os_page_size()));
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ptrdiff_t diff = (uint8_t*)end - (uint8_t*)start;
if (diff <= 0) return NULL;
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mi_assert_internal((conservative && (size_t)diff <= size) || (!conservative && (size_t)diff >= size));
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if (newsize != NULL) *newsize = (size_t)diff;
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return start;
}
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static void* mi_os_page_align_area_conservative(void* addr, size_t size, size_t* newsize) {
return mi_os_page_align_areax(true, addr, size, newsize);
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}
static void mi_mprotect_hint(int err) {
#if defined(MI_OS_USE_MMAP) && (MI_SECURE>=2) // guard page around every mimalloc page
if (err == ENOMEM) {
_mi_warning_message("the previous warning may have been caused by a low memory map limit.\n"
" On Linux this is controlled by the vm.max_map_count. For example:\n"
" > sudo sysctl -w vm.max_map_count=262144\n");
}
#else
UNUSED(err);
#endif
}
// Commit/Decommit memory.
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// Usuelly commit is aligned liberal, while decommit is aligned conservative.
// (but not for the reset version where we want commit to be conservative as well)
static bool mi_os_commitx(void* addr, size_t size, bool commit, bool conservative, bool* is_zero, mi_stats_t* stats) {
// page align in the range, commit liberally, decommit conservative
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if (is_zero != NULL) { *is_zero = false; }
size_t csize;
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void* start = mi_os_page_align_areax(conservative, addr, size, &csize);
if (csize == 0) return true; // || _mi_os_is_huge_reserved(addr))
int err = 0;
if (commit) {
_mi_stat_increase(&stats->committed, csize);
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_mi_stat_counter_increase(&stats->commit_calls, 1);
}
else {
_mi_stat_decrease(&stats->committed, csize);
}
#if defined(_WIN32)
if (commit) {
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// if the memory was already committed, the call succeeds but it is not zero'd
// *is_zero = true;
void* p = VirtualAlloc(start, csize, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE);
err = (p == start ? 0 : GetLastError());
}
else {
BOOL ok = VirtualFree(start, csize, MEM_DECOMMIT);
err = (ok ? 0 : GetLastError());
}
#elif defined(__wasi__)
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// WebAssembly guests can't control memory protection
#elif defined(MAP_FIXED)
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if (!commit) {
// use mmap with MAP_FIXED to discard the existing memory (and reduce commit charge)
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void* p = mmap(start, csize, PROT_NONE, (MAP_FIXED | MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_NORESERVE), -1, 0);
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if (p != start) { err = errno; }
}
else {
// for commit, just change the protection
err = mprotect(start, csize, (PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE));
if (err != 0) { err = errno; }
}
#else
err = mprotect(start, csize, (commit ? (PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE) : PROT_NONE));
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if (err != 0) { err = errno; }
#endif
if (err != 0) {
_mi_warning_message("%s error: start: %p, csize: 0x%x, err: %i\n", commit ? "commit" : "decommit", start, csize, err);
mi_mprotect_hint(err);
}
mi_assert_internal(err == 0);
return (err == 0);
}
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bool _mi_os_commit(void* addr, size_t size, bool* is_zero, mi_stats_t* stats) {
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return mi_os_commitx(addr, size, true, false /* liberal */, is_zero, stats);
}
bool _mi_os_decommit(void* addr, size_t size, mi_stats_t* stats) {
bool is_zero;
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return mi_os_commitx(addr, size, false, true /* conservative */, &is_zero, stats);
}
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bool _mi_os_commit_unreset(void* addr, size_t size, bool* is_zero, mi_stats_t* stats) {
return mi_os_commitx(addr, size, true, true /* conservative */, is_zero, stats);
}
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// Signal to the OS that the address range is no longer in use
// but may be used later again. This will release physical memory
// pages and reduce swapping while keeping the memory committed.
// We page align to a conservative area inside the range to reset.
static bool mi_os_resetx(void* addr, size_t size, bool reset, mi_stats_t* stats) {
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// page align conservatively within the range
size_t csize;
void* start = mi_os_page_align_area_conservative(addr, size, &csize);
if (csize == 0) return true; // || _mi_os_is_huge_reserved(addr)
if (reset) _mi_stat_increase(&stats->reset, csize);
else _mi_stat_decrease(&stats->reset, csize);
if (!reset) return true; // nothing to do on unreset!
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#if (MI_DEBUG>1)
if (MI_SECURE==0) {
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memset(start, 0, csize); // pretend it is eagerly reset
}
#endif
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#if defined(_WIN32)
// Testing shows that for us (on `malloc-large`) MEM_RESET is 2x faster than DiscardVirtualMemory
void* p = VirtualAlloc(start, csize, MEM_RESET, PAGE_READWRITE);
mi_assert_internal(p == start);
#if 1
if (p == start && start != NULL) {
VirtualUnlock(start,csize); // VirtualUnlock after MEM_RESET removes the memory from the working set
}
#endif
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if (p != start) return false;
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#else
#if defined(MADV_FREE)
static int advice = MADV_FREE;
int err = madvise(start, csize, advice);
if (err != 0 && errno == EINVAL && advice == MADV_FREE) {
// if MADV_FREE is not supported, fall back to MADV_DONTNEED from now on
advice = MADV_DONTNEED;
err = madvise(start, csize, advice);
}
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#elif defined(__wasi__)
int err = 0;
#else
int err = madvise(start, csize, MADV_DONTNEED);
#endif
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if (err != 0) {
_mi_warning_message("madvise reset error: start: %p, csize: 0x%x, errno: %i\n", start, csize, errno);
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}
//mi_assert(err == 0);
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if (err != 0) return false;
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#endif
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return true;
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}
// Signal to the OS that the address range is no longer in use
// but may be used later again. This will release physical memory
// pages and reduce swapping while keeping the memory committed.
// We page align to a conservative area inside the range to reset.
bool _mi_os_reset(void* addr, size_t size, mi_stats_t* stats) {
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if (mi_option_is_enabled(mi_option_reset_decommits)) {
return _mi_os_decommit(addr, size, stats);
}
else {
return mi_os_resetx(addr, size, true, stats);
}
}
bool _mi_os_unreset(void* addr, size_t size, bool* is_zero, mi_stats_t* stats) {
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if (mi_option_is_enabled(mi_option_reset_decommits)) {
return _mi_os_commit_unreset(addr, size, is_zero, stats); // re-commit it (conservatively!)
}
else {
*is_zero = false;
return mi_os_resetx(addr, size, false, stats);
}
}
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// Protect a region in memory to be not accessible.
static bool mi_os_protectx(void* addr, size_t size, bool protect) {
// page align conservatively within the range
size_t csize = 0;
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void* start = mi_os_page_align_area_conservative(addr, size, &csize);
if (csize == 0) return false;
/*
if (_mi_os_is_huge_reserved(addr)) {
_mi_warning_message("cannot mprotect memory allocated in huge OS pages\n");
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}
*/
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int err = 0;
#ifdef _WIN32
DWORD oldprotect = 0;
BOOL ok = VirtualProtect(start, csize, protect ? PAGE_NOACCESS : PAGE_READWRITE, &oldprotect);
err = (ok ? 0 : GetLastError());
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#elif defined(__wasi__)
err = 0;
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#else
err = mprotect(start, csize, protect ? PROT_NONE : (PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE));
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if (err != 0) { err = errno; }
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#endif
if (err != 0) {
_mi_warning_message("mprotect error: start: %p, csize: 0x%x, err: %i\n", start, csize, err);
mi_mprotect_hint(err);
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}
return (err == 0);
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}
bool _mi_os_protect(void* addr, size_t size) {
return mi_os_protectx(addr, size, true);
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}
bool _mi_os_unprotect(void* addr, size_t size) {
return mi_os_protectx(addr, size, false);
}
bool _mi_os_shrink(void* p, size_t oldsize, size_t newsize, mi_stats_t* stats) {
// page align conservatively within the range
mi_assert_internal(oldsize > newsize && p != NULL);
if (oldsize < newsize || p == NULL) return false;
if (oldsize == newsize) return true;
// oldsize and newsize should be page aligned or we cannot shrink precisely
void* addr = (uint8_t*)p + newsize;
size_t size = 0;
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void* start = mi_os_page_align_area_conservative(addr, oldsize - newsize, &size);
if (size == 0 || start != addr) return false;
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#ifdef _WIN32
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// we cannot shrink on windows, but we can decommit
return _mi_os_decommit(start, size, stats);
#else
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return mi_os_mem_free(start, size, true, stats);
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#endif
}
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Support for allocating huge OS pages (1Gib) that are reserved up-front
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and possibly associated with a specific NUMA node. (use `numa_node>=0`)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#define MI_HUGE_OS_PAGE_SIZE (GiB)
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#if defined(WIN32) && (MI_INTPTR_SIZE >= 8)
static void* mi_os_alloc_huge_os_pagesx(void* addr, size_t size, int numa_node)
{
mi_assert_internal(size%GiB == 0);
mi_assert_internal(addr != NULL);
const DWORD flags = MEM_LARGE_PAGES | MEM_COMMIT | MEM_RESERVE;
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mi_win_enable_large_os_pages();
#if defined(MEM_EXTENDED_PARAMETER_TYPE_BITS)
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MEM_EXTENDED_PARAMETER params[3] = { {{0,0},{0}},{{0,0},{0}},{{0,0},{0}} };
// on modern Windows try use NtAllocateVirtualMemoryEx for 1GiB huge pages
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static bool mi_huge_pages_available = true;
if (pNtAllocateVirtualMemoryEx != NULL && mi_huge_pages_available) {
#ifndef MEM_EXTENDED_PARAMETER_NONPAGED_HUGE
#define MEM_EXTENDED_PARAMETER_NONPAGED_HUGE (0x10)
#endif
params[0].Type = 5; // == MemExtendedParameterAttributeFlags;
params[0].ULong64 = MEM_EXTENDED_PARAMETER_NONPAGED_HUGE;
ULONG param_count = 1;
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if (numa_node >= 0) {
param_count++;
params[1].Type = MemExtendedParameterNumaNode;
params[1].ULong = (unsigned)numa_node;
}
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SIZE_T psize = size;
void* base = addr;
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NTSTATUS err = (*pNtAllocateVirtualMemoryEx)(GetCurrentProcess(), &base, &psize, flags, PAGE_READWRITE, params, param_count);
if (err == 0 && base != NULL) {
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return base;
}
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else {
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// fall back to regular large pages
mi_huge_pages_available = false; // don't try further huge pages
_mi_warning_message("unable to allocate using huge (1gb) pages, trying large (2mb) pages instead (status 0x%lx)\n", err);
}
}
// on modern Windows try use VirtualAlloc2 for numa aware large OS page allocation
if (pVirtualAlloc2 != NULL && numa_node >= 0) {
params[0].Type = MemExtendedParameterNumaNode;
params[0].ULong = (unsigned)numa_node;
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return (*pVirtualAlloc2)(GetCurrentProcess(), addr, size, flags, PAGE_READWRITE, params, 1);
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}
#endif
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// otherwise use regular virtual alloc on older windows
return VirtualAlloc(addr, size, flags, PAGE_READWRITE);
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}
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#elif defined(MI_OS_USE_MMAP) && (MI_INTPTR_SIZE >= 8)
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#include <sys/syscall.h>
#ifndef MPOL_PREFERRED
#define MPOL_PREFERRED 1
#endif
#if defined(SYS_mbind)
static long mi_os_mbind(void* start, unsigned long len, unsigned long mode, const unsigned long* nmask, unsigned long maxnode, unsigned flags) {
return syscall(SYS_mbind, start, len, mode, nmask, maxnode, flags);
}
#else
static long mi_os_mbind(void* start, unsigned long len, unsigned long mode, const unsigned long* nmask, unsigned long maxnode, unsigned flags) {
UNUSED(start); UNUSED(len); UNUSED(mode); UNUSED(nmask); UNUSED(maxnode); UNUSED(flags);
return 0;
}
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#endif
static void* mi_os_alloc_huge_os_pagesx(void* addr, size_t size, int numa_node) {
mi_assert_internal(size%GiB == 0);
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bool is_large = true;
void* p = mi_unix_mmap(addr, size, MI_SEGMENT_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, true, true, &is_large);
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if (p == NULL) return NULL;
if (numa_node >= 0 && numa_node < 8*MI_INTPTR_SIZE) { // at most 64 nodes
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uintptr_t numa_mask = (1UL << numa_node);
// TODO: does `mbind` work correctly for huge OS pages? should we
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// use `set_mempolicy` before calling mmap instead?
// see: <https://lkml.org/lkml/2017/2/9/875>
long err = mi_os_mbind(p, size, MPOL_PREFERRED, &numa_mask, 8*MI_INTPTR_SIZE, 0);
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if (err != 0) {
_mi_warning_message("failed to bind huge (1gb) pages to numa node %d: %s\n", numa_node, strerror(errno));
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}
}
return p;
}
#else
static void* mi_os_alloc_huge_os_pagesx(void* addr, size_t size, int numa_node) {
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return NULL;
}
#endif
#if (MI_INTPTR_SIZE >= 8)
// To ensure proper alignment, use our own area for huge OS pages
static mi_decl_cache_align _Atomic(uintptr_t) mi_huge_start; // = 0
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// Claim an aligned address range for huge pages
static uint8_t* mi_os_claim_huge_pages(size_t pages, size_t* total_size) {
if (total_size != NULL) *total_size = 0;
const size_t size = pages * MI_HUGE_OS_PAGE_SIZE;
uintptr_t start = 0;
uintptr_t end = 0;
uintptr_t expected;
do {
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start = expected = mi_atomic_read_relaxed(&mi_huge_start);
if (start == 0) {
// Initialize the start address after the 32TiB area
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start = ((uintptr_t)32 << 40); // 32TiB virtual start address
#if (MI_SECURE>0 || MI_DEBUG==0) // security: randomize start of huge pages unless in debug mode
uintptr_t r = _mi_heap_random_next(mi_get_default_heap());
start = start + ((uintptr_t)MI_HUGE_OS_PAGE_SIZE * ((r>>17) & 0x0FFF)); // (randomly 12bits)*1GiB == between 0 to 4TiB
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#endif
}
end = start + size;
mi_assert_internal(end % MI_SEGMENT_SIZE == 0);
} while (!mi_atomic_cas_strong(&mi_huge_start, end, expected));
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if (total_size != NULL) *total_size = size;
return (uint8_t*)start;
}
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#else
static uint8_t* mi_os_claim_huge_pages(size_t pages, size_t* total_size) {
if (total_size != NULL) *total_size = 0;
return NULL;
}
#endif
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// Allocate MI_SEGMENT_SIZE aligned huge pages
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void* _mi_os_alloc_huge_os_pages(size_t pages, int numa_node, mi_msecs_t max_msecs, size_t* pages_reserved, size_t* psize) {
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if (psize != NULL) *psize = 0;
if (pages_reserved != NULL) *pages_reserved = 0;
size_t size = 0;
uint8_t* start = mi_os_claim_huge_pages(pages, &size);
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if (start == NULL) return NULL; // or 32-bit systems
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// Allocate one page at the time but try to place them contiguously
// We allocate one page at the time to be able to abort if it takes too long
// or to at least allocate as many as available on the system.
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mi_msecs_t start_t = _mi_clock_start();
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size_t page;
for (page = 0; page < pages; page++) {
// allocate a page
void* addr = start + (page * MI_HUGE_OS_PAGE_SIZE);
void* p = mi_os_alloc_huge_os_pagesx(addr, MI_HUGE_OS_PAGE_SIZE, numa_node);
// Did we succeed at a contiguous address?
if (p != addr) {
// no success, issue a warning and break
if (p != NULL) {
_mi_warning_message("could not allocate contiguous huge page %zu at %p\n", page, addr);
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_mi_os_free(p, MI_HUGE_OS_PAGE_SIZE, &_mi_stats_main);
}
break;
}
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// success, record it
_mi_stat_increase(&_mi_stats_main.committed, MI_HUGE_OS_PAGE_SIZE);
_mi_stat_increase(&_mi_stats_main.reserved, MI_HUGE_OS_PAGE_SIZE);
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// check for timeout
if (max_msecs > 0) {
mi_msecs_t elapsed = _mi_clock_end(start_t);
if (page >= 1) {
mi_msecs_t estimate = ((elapsed / (page+1)) * pages);
if (estimate > 2*max_msecs) { // seems like we are going to timeout, break
elapsed = max_msecs + 1;
}
}
if (elapsed > max_msecs) {
_mi_warning_message("huge page allocation timed out\n");
break;
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}
}
}
mi_assert_internal(page*MI_HUGE_OS_PAGE_SIZE <= size);
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if (pages_reserved != NULL) *pages_reserved = page;
if (psize != NULL) *psize = page * MI_HUGE_OS_PAGE_SIZE;
return (page == 0 ? NULL : start);
}
// free every huge page in a range individually (as we allocated per page)
// note: needed with VirtualAlloc but could potentially be done in one go on mmap'd systems.
void _mi_os_free_huge_pages(void* p, size_t size, mi_stats_t* stats) {
if (p==NULL || size==0) return;
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uint8_t* base = (uint8_t*)p;
while (size >= MI_HUGE_OS_PAGE_SIZE) {
_mi_os_free(base, MI_HUGE_OS_PAGE_SIZE, stats);
size -= MI_HUGE_OS_PAGE_SIZE;
}
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}
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/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Support NUMA aware allocation
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
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#ifdef WIN32
static size_t mi_os_numa_nodex() {
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PROCESSOR_NUMBER pnum;
USHORT numa_node = 0;
GetCurrentProcessorNumberEx(&pnum);
GetNumaProcessorNodeEx(&pnum,&numa_node);
return numa_node;
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}
static size_t mi_os_numa_node_countx(void) {
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ULONG numa_max = 0;
GetNumaHighestNodeNumber(&numa_max);
return (numa_max + 1);
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}
#elif defined(__linux__)
#include <sys/syscall.h> // getcpu
#include <stdio.h> // access
static size_t mi_os_numa_nodex(void) {
#ifdef SYS_getcpu
unsigned long node = 0;
unsigned long ncpu = 0;
long err = syscall(SYS_getcpu, &ncpu, &node, NULL);
if (err != 0) return 0;
return node;
#else
return 0;
#endif
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}
static size_t mi_os_numa_node_countx(void) {
char buf[128];
unsigned node = 0;
for(node = 0; node < 256; node++) {
// enumerate node entries -- todo: it there a more efficient way to do this? (but ensure there is no allocation)
snprintf(buf, 127, "/sys/devices/system/node/node%u", node + 1);
if (access(buf,R_OK) != 0) break;
}
return (node+1);
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}
#else
static size_t mi_os_numa_nodex(void) {
return 0;
}
static size_t mi_os_numa_node_countx(void) {
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return 1;
}
#endif
size_t _mi_numa_node_count = 0; // cache the node count
size_t _mi_os_numa_node_count_get(void) {
if (mi_unlikely(_mi_numa_node_count <= 0)) {
long ncount = mi_option_get(mi_option_use_numa_nodes); // given explicitly?
if (ncount <= 0) ncount = (long)mi_os_numa_node_countx(); // or detect dynamically
_mi_numa_node_count = (size_t)(ncount <= 0 ? 1 : ncount);
_mi_verbose_message("using %zd numa regions\n", _mi_numa_node_count);
}
mi_assert_internal(_mi_numa_node_count >= 1);
return _mi_numa_node_count;
}
int _mi_os_numa_node_get(mi_os_tld_t* tld) {
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UNUSED(tld);
size_t numa_count = _mi_os_numa_node_count();
if (numa_count<=1) return 0; // optimize on single numa node systems: always node 0
// never more than the node count and >= 0
size_t numa_node = mi_os_numa_nodex();
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if (numa_node >= numa_count) { numa_node = numa_node % numa_count; }
return (int)numa_node;
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}