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< title > 命令行程序< / title >
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< div > < span > 用户指南< / span > < / div >
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< li > < a href = "../../ca/applications/cli-apps.html" > < img src = "../../images/flags/ca.png" alt = "" / > Català< / a > < / li >
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« < a href = "list-cli-apps.html" > List of commands< / a >
:: < a href = "../applications.html#cli-apps" class = "uplink" > Applications< / a >
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< div class = "box-info" > 本节的翻译还未完成。在未完成之前，所有的未完成部分都将使用英语原文。< / div >
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< h2 > < img src = "../../images/apps-images/cli-app-icon_64.png" alt = "cli-app-icon_64.png" width = "64" height = "64" / > Haiku专用命令行程序< / h2 >
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< table summary = "layout" border = "0" cellspacing = "0" cellpadding = "2" >
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< tr > < td > 位置：< / td > < td style = "width:15px;" > < / td > < td > < span class = "path" > /boot/system/bin/< / span > < br / >
< span class = "path" > /boot/system/non-packaged/bin/< / span > < br / > < span class = "path" > ~/config/bin/< / span > < br / > < span class = "path" > ~/config/non-packaged/bin/< / span > < / td > < / tr >
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< / table >
< p > < br / > < / p >
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< p > All commandline applications shipped with Haiku are in < span class = "path" > /boot/system/bin/< / span > . Your own or additionally installed commandline apps will appear there as well, or in < span class = "path" > ~/config/bin/< / span > , when installed from a .hpkg package. Otherwise you can put them into < span class = "path" > /boot/system/non-packaged/bin/< / span > or < span class = "path" > ~/config/non-packaged/bin/< / span > . All these locations are part of the PATH variable and are therefore automatically found.< br / >
The following isn't an exhaustive list of all Haiku-specific CLI apps, it serves just to highlight a few of the most useful to give you a taste. Feel encouraged to explore what's in the < span class = "path" > bin/< / span > folders on your own a bit. Executing an app with the parameter < tt > --help< / tt > shows the usage of the command and all its various options.< / p >
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< h3 > < a href = "#" > < img src = "../../images/up.png" style = "border:none;float:right" alt = "index" / > < / a >
< a id = "cli-attributes" name = "cli-attributes" > 关于文件属性的命令： < span class = "cli" > listattr< / span > , < span class = "cli" > catattr< / span > , < span class = "cli" > addattr< / span > , < span class = "cli" > rmattr< / span > , < span class = "cli" > copyattr< / span > < / a > < / h3 >
< p > 这些命令用于显示， ， ； ， ， ！ < br / >
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上面的命令在< a href = "../attributes.html#attributes-terminal" > 终端中的属性< / a > 会有相关的描述。< / p >
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< h3 > < a href = "#" > < img src = "../../images/up.png" style = "border:none;float:right" alt = "index" / > < / a >
< a id = "cli-index" name = "cli-index" > 关于文件索引的命令：< span class = "cli" > lsindex< / span > , < span class = "cli" > mkindex< / span > , < span class = "cli" > reindex< / span > , < span class = "cli" > rmindex< / span > < / a > < / h3 >
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< p > 利用这些命令， ， ， ， < br / > 上述这些命令在< a href = "../index.html" > 索引< / a > 主题中会有详细的描述。< / p >
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< h3 > < a href = "#" > < img src = "../../images/up.png" style = "border:none;float:right" alt = "index" / > < / a >
< a id = "cli-pkg" name = "cli-pkg" > Relating to package management: < span class = "cli" > package< / span > , < span class = "cli" > pkgman< / span > < / a > < / h3 >
< p > The < span class = "cli" > package< / span > command is used to manage HPKG packages. Have a look at the article < a href = "https://www.haiku-os.org/guides/daily-tasks/install-applications" > Installing applications< / a > to learn the very basics. Usually the tool < a href = "https://github.com/haikuports/haikuports/wiki" > haikuporter< / a > is used to create so-called recipes for automatic package building.< / p >
< p > < span class = "cli" > pkgman< / span > is used to search, install, update and uninstall packages. Package repositories can be added, dropped and their package lists refreshed. A special kind of update is invoked with the parameter < tt > full-sync< / tt > : It is more aggressive and also downgrades or removes packages, if necessary.< br / >
For more details on a parameter, append "--help", e.g. < tt > pkgman search --help< / tt > .< / p >
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< h3 > < a href = "#" > < img src = "../../images/up.png" style = "border:none;float:right" alt = "index" / > < / a >
< a id = "cli-scripting" name = "cli-scripting" > 有用的脚本命令< / a > < / h3 >
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< p > 下面是一些非常有用的命令行工具，尤其适用于撰写脚本（详情请参阅 < a href = "../bash-scripting.html" > Bash和脚本< / a > ）。< / p >
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< table summary = "scripting cli tools" border = "0" cellpadding = "2" cellspacing = "0" >
< tr > < td > < p > < span class = "cli" > alert< / span > < / p > < / td > < td style = "width:10px;" > < / td >
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< td valign = "top" > < p > < span class = "cli" > alert< / span > 该命令将会打开一个带有预定义图标， ， （ ） ， ： < / p >
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< pre class = "terminal" > alert --idea "FantasticApp(tm) installed successfully!
Would you like a link to it?" "On Desktop" "In Deskbar" "No thanks"< / pre >
< p > < img src = "../images/apps-images/cli-alert.png" alt = "cli-alert.png" / > < / p >
< / td > < / tr >
< tr > < td > < p > < span class = "cli" > filepanel< / span > < / p > < / td > < td style = "width:10px;" > < / td >
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< td valign = "top" > < p > < span class = "cli" > filepanel< / span > 显示一个装载或者保存文件的面板，并且让用户选择相应的文件和位置。同时您将会获取到一个文件或者文件的路径作为返回值。并且还有几个参数可供使用，例如，设置起始目录，窗体的标题，默认保存的文件名。下面是一个例子：< / p >
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< pre class = "terminal" > filepanel -s -t "Save your logfile" -d ~/config/settings -n Fantastic.log< / pre >
< p > < img src = "../images/apps-images/cli-filepanel.png" alt = "cli-alert.png" / > < / p >
< / td > < / tr >
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< tr > < td > < p > < span class = "cli" > hey< / span > < / p > < / td > < td style = "width:10px;" > < / td >
< td valign = "top" > < p > < span class = "cli" > hey< / span > 是一个小巧的帮助工具，可以发送 BMessages 给应用，并打印出回复结果。它可以用于应用脚本，例如，通过命令行或者脚本 “远程控制” 一个程序。它的使用会有一点复杂。非常感谢 Scot Hacker 的 BeOS 圣经，其中有一个 Chris Herborth 编写的 < a href = "http://www.birdhouse.org/beos/bible/bos/ch_scripting6.html" > hey 入门指南< / a > 。 < / p >
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< / td > < / tr >
< tr > < td > < p > < span class = "cli" > query< / span > < / p > < / td > < td style = "width:10px;" > < / td >
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< td valign = "top" > < p > < span class = "cli" > query< / span > 是查询面板的命令行版本。实际上，一个创建搜索项目的快速方式是在搜索面板创建一个查询，选择 < span class = "menu" > by formula< / span > ，在查询词的前后添加双引号（< tt > "< / tt > ），然后在终端或者脚本中的 < span class = "cli" > query< / span > 命令之后粘贴所要查找的整个查询词。< / p >
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< / td > < / tr >
< tr > < td > < p > < span class = "cli" > waitfor< / span > < / p > < / td > < td style = "width:10px;" > < / td >
< td valign = "top" > < p > < span class = "cli" > waitfor< / span > 是一个用于等待特殊的程序或者进程启动或者终止的非常好的方式。< / p >
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< / td > < / tr > < / table >
< h3 > < a href = "#" > < img src = "../../images/up.png" style = "border:none;float:right" alt = "index" / > < / a >
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< a id = "cli-other" name = "cli-other" > 其他命令< / a > < / h3 >
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< table summary = "scripting cli tools" border = "0" cellpadding = "2" cellspacing = "0" >
< tr > < td > < p > < span class = "cli" > checkfs< / span > < / p > < / td > < td style = "width:10px;" > < / td >
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< td > < p > < span class = "cli" > checkfs< / span > 是一个非常重要的工具，主要用于检查文件系统中的错误。只需在该命令之后添加磁卷，如 < span class = "path" > /Haiku< / span > 或者设备名，它就会遍历所有的文件，然后修复所有可能出现不一致的地方。< / p >
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< / td > < / tr >
< tr > < td > < p > < span class = "cli" > desklink< / span > < / p > < / td > < td style = "width:10px;" > < / td >
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< td valign = "top" > < p > < span class = "cli" > desklink< / span > 可以为任何文件，文件夹，查询或者程序在桌面栏托盘中安装图标。它也可以为相应的图标提供一个右键菜单。例如，尝试下面的脚本，为 < span class = "app" > Screenshot< / span > 添加不同的选项 （第一行中的"< tt > \< / tt > " 用于在终端中进行换行）：
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< / p >
< pre class = "terminal" > desklink "cmd=Active window (2s):/boot/system/apps/Screenshot --window --border --delay 2" \
"cmd=Remove replicant:desklink --remove=Screenshot" /boot/system/apps/Screenshot
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< / pre >
< p > < img src = "../images/apps-images/cli-desklink.png" alt = "cli-alert.png" / > < / p >
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< / td > < / tr >
< tr > < td > < p > < span class = "cli" > diskimage< / span > < / p > < / td > < td style = "width:10px;" > < / td >
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< td valign = "top" > < p > < span class = "cli" > diskimage< / span > 可用于注册普通文件作为磁盘设备。例如，您可以注册 Haiku anyboot 镜像，将其挂载在文件浏览器中，并且可以在安装器使用之前，编辑和移动其中的文件。< / p >
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< / td > < / tr >
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< tr > < td > < p > < span class = "cli" > mountvolume< / span > < br / > < span class = "cli" > mount< / span > < / p > < / td > < td style = "width:10px;" > < / td >
< td valign = "top" > < p > < span class = "cli" > mountvolume< / span > is preferred by many to mount local partitions and disks, because its usage is so easy: just call it with the name of the partition and you're done. Try < tt > --help< / tt > for more options.< / p >
< p > < span class = "cli" > mount< / span > can additionally mount remote disks by using a network filesystem, like NFS4. You specify the used filesystem with the < tt > -t< / tt > parameter and the remote location with the < tt > -p< / tt > parameter. As filesystem parameter you can use anything you find in < span class = "path" > /system/add-ons/kernel/file_system< / span > (and corresponding file hierarchies under < span class = "path" > ~/config< / span > or "< span class = "path" > non-packaged< / span > ", of course). You also have to create a folder as mountpoint. Here's an example:< / p >
< pre class = "terminal" > mkdir -p /DiskStation
mount -t nfs4 -p "192.168.178.3:volume1" /DiskStation< / pre > < / td > < / tr >
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< tr > < td > < p > < span class = "cli" > open< / span > < / p > < / td > < td style = "width:10px;" > < / td >
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< td valign = "top" > < p > < span class = "cli" > open< / span > 是一个非常小巧的工具。通过它，您可以以默认的程序打开任何文件，或者利用程序的签名还打开该程序而无需知道它的路径。它也可以用于打开网页，甚至“虚拟” 的目录， < tt > .< / tt > 用于当前目录或者 < tt > ..< / tt > 用于上层目录，并且可以在 Tracker 中打开相应的文件夹。< / p >
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« < a href = "list-cli-apps.html" > 命令列表< / a >
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:: < a href = "../applications.html#cli-apps" class = "uplink" > 应用程序
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