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<!--
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*
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* Copyright 2010-2016, Haiku. All rights reserved.
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* Distributed under the terms of the MIT License.
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*
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* Authors:
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* Humdinger <humdingerb@gmail.com>
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* Translators:
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* Pengphei Han
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<title>命令行程序</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../Haiku-doc.css" />
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<div><span>用户指南</span></div>
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<li class="now"><img src="../../images/flags/zh_CN.png" alt="" /> 中文 ［中文］</li>
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« <a href="list-cli-apps.html">List of commands</a>
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:: <a href="../applications.html#cli-apps" class="uplink">Applications</a>
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<div id="content">
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<div>
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<div class="box-info">本节的翻译还未完成。在未完成之前，所有的未完成部分都将使用英语原文。</div>
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<h2><img src="../../images/apps-images/cli-app-icon_64.png" alt="cli-app-icon_64.png" width="64" height="64" />Haiku专用命令行程序</h2>
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<table summary="layout" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
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<tr><td>位置：</td><td style="width:15px;"></td><td><span class="path">/boot/system/bin/</span><br />
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<span class="path">/boot/system/non-packaged/bin/</span><br /><span class="path">~/config/bin/</span><br /><span class="path">~/config/non-packaged/bin/</span></td></tr>
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</table>
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<p><br /></p>
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<p>All commandline applications shipped with Haiku are in <span class="path">/boot/system/bin/</span>. Your own or additionally installed commandline apps will appear there as well, or in <span class="path">~/config/bin/</span>, when installed from a .hpkg package. Otherwise you can put them into <span class="path">/boot/system/non-packaged/bin/</span> or <span class="path">~/config/non-packaged/bin/</span>. All these locations are part of the PATH variable and are therefore automatically found.<br />
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The following isn't an exhaustive list of all Haiku-specific CLI apps, it serves just to highlight a few of the most useful to give you a taste. Feel encouraged to explore what's in the <span class="path">bin/</span> folders on your own a bit. Executing an app with the parameter <tt>--help</tt> shows the usage of the command and all its various options.</p>
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<h3><a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="cli-attributes" name="cli-attributes">关于文件属性的命令： <span class="cli">listattr</span>, <span class="cli">catattr</span>, <span class="cli">addattr</span>, <span class="cli">rmattr</span>, <span class="cli">copyattr</span></a></h3>
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<p>这些命令用于显示，读取，添加和删除文件的属性；需要注意的是，这些元数据仅仅可用于BFS格式的磁盘和分区，而且移动文件到其他的文件系统将会把其相关的属性移除！<br />
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上面的命令在<a href="../attributes.html#attributes-terminal">终端中的属性</a>会有相关的描述。</p>
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<h3><a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="cli-index" name="cli-index">关于文件索引的命令：<span class="cli">lsindex</span>, <span class="cli">mkindex</span>, <span class="cli">reindex</span>, <span class="cli">rmindex</span></a></h3>
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<p>利用这些命令，您可以对BFS的索引属性进行排序，新建，重新索引和删除等操作。由于每个卷都有自己独立的索引，所以在不同的卷之间拷贝文件时尤其要注意。<br />上述这些命令在<a href="../index.html">索引</a>主题中会有详细的描述。</p>
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<h3><a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="cli-pkg" name="cli-pkg">Relating to package management: <span class="cli">package</span>, <span class="cli">pkgman</span></a></h3>
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<p>The <span class="cli">package</span> command is used to manage HPKG packages. Have a look at the article <a href="https://www.haiku-os.org/guides/daily-tasks/install-applications">Installing applications</a> to learn the very basics. Usually the tool <a href="https://github.com/haikuports/haikuports/wiki">haikuporter</a> is used to create so-called recipes for automatic package building.</p>
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<p><span class="cli">pkgman</span> is used to search, install, update and uninstall packages. Package repositories can be added, dropped and their package lists refreshed. A special kind of update is invoked with the parameter <tt>full-sync</tt>: It is more aggressive and also downgrades or removes packages, if necessary.<br />
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For more details on a parameter, append "--help", e.g. <tt>pkgman search --help</tt>.</p>
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<h3><a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="cli-scripting" name="cli-scripting">有用的脚本命令</a></h3>
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<p>下面是一些非常有用的命令行工具，尤其适用于撰写脚本（详情请参阅 <a href="../bash-scripting.html">Bash和脚本</a>）。</p>
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<table summary="scripting cli tools" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">alert</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">alert</span> 该命令将会打开一个带有预定义图标，说明注记和三个按钮的典型警示窗口，并且在终端中返回已选中按钮的标题和退出状态（以0开始）。例如，下面就是一个例子：</p>
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<pre class="terminal">alert --idea "FantasticApp(tm) installed successfully!
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Would you like a link to it?" "On Desktop" "In Deskbar" "No thanks"</pre>
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<p><img src="../images/apps-images/cli-alert.png" alt="cli-alert.png" /></p>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">filepanel</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">filepanel</span> 显示一个装载或者保存文件的面板，并且让用户选择相应的文件和位置。同时您将会获取到一个文件或者文件的路径作为返回值。并且还有几个参数可供使用，例如，设置起始目录，窗体的标题，默认保存的文件名。下面是一个例子：</p>
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<pre class="terminal">filepanel -s -t "Save your logfile" -d ~/config/settings -n Fantastic.log</pre>
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<p><img src="../images/apps-images/cli-filepanel.png" alt="cli-alert.png" /></p>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">hey</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">hey</span> 是一个小巧的帮助工具，可以发送 BMessages 给应用，并打印出回复结果。它可以用于应用脚本，例如，通过命令行或者脚本 “远程控制” 一个程序。它的使用会有一点复杂。非常感谢 Scot Hacker 的 BeOS 圣经，其中有一个 Chris Herborth 编写的 <a href="http://www.birdhouse.org/beos/bible/bos/ch_scripting6.html"> hey 入门指南</a>。 </p>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">query</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">query</span> 是查询面板的命令行版本。实际上，一个创建搜索项目的快速方式是在搜索面板创建一个查询，选择 <span class="menu">by formula</span> ，在查询词的前后添加双引号（<tt>"</tt>），然后在终端或者脚本中的 <span class="cli">query</span> 命令之后粘贴所要查找的整个查询词。</p>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">waitfor</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">waitfor</span> 是一个用于等待特殊的程序或者进程启动或者终止的非常好的方式。</p>
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</td></tr></table>
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<h3><a href="#"><img src="../../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="cli-other" name="cli-other">其他命令</a></h3>
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<table summary="scripting cli tools" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">checkfs</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td><p><span class="cli">checkfs</span>是一个非常重要的工具，主要用于检查文件系统中的错误。只需在该命令之后添加磁卷，如 <span class="path">/Haiku</span> 或者设备名，它就会遍历所有的文件，然后修复所有可能出现不一致的地方。</p>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">desklink</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">desklink</span>可以为任何文件，文件夹，查询或者程序在桌面栏托盘中安装图标。它也可以为相应的图标提供一个右键菜单。例如，尝试下面的脚本，为 <span class="app">Screenshot</span> 添加不同的选项 （第一行中的"<tt>\</tt>" 用于在终端中进行换行）：
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</p>
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<pre class="terminal">desklink "cmd=Active window (2s):/boot/system/apps/Screenshot --window --border --delay 2" \
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"cmd=Remove replicant:desklink --remove=Screenshot" /boot/system/apps/Screenshot
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</pre>
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<p><img src="../images/apps-images/cli-desklink.png" alt="cli-alert.png" /></p>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">diskimage</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">diskimage</span>可用于注册普通文件作为磁盘设备。例如，您可以注册 Haiku anyboot 镜像，将其挂载在文件浏览器中，并且可以在安装器使用之前，编辑和移动其中的文件。</p>
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">mountvolume</span><br /><span class="cli">mount</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">mountvolume</span> is preferred by many to mount local partitions and disks, because its usage is so easy: just call it with the name of the partition and you're done. Try <tt>--help</tt> for more options.</p>
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<p><span class="cli">mount</span> can additionally mount remote disks by using a network filesystem, like NFS4. You specify the used filesystem with the <tt>-t</tt> parameter and the remote location with the <tt>-p</tt> parameter. As filesystem parameter you can use anything you find in <span class="path">/system/add-ons/kernel/file_system</span> (and corresponding file hierarchies under <span class="path">~/config</span> or "<span class="path">non-packaged</span>", of course). You also have to create a folder as mountpoint. Here's an example:</p>
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<pre class="terminal">mkdir -p /DiskStation
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mount -t nfs4 -p "192.168.178.3:volume1" /DiskStation</pre></td></tr>
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<tr><td><p><span class="cli">open</span></p></td><td style="width:10px;"> </td>
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<td valign="top"><p><span class="cli">open</span>是一个非常小巧的工具。通过它，您可以以默认的程序打开任何文件，或者利用程序的签名还打开该程序而无需知道它的路径。它也可以用于打开网页，甚至“虚拟” 的目录， <tt>.</tt> 用于当前目录或者 <tt>..</tt> 用于上层目录，并且可以在 Tracker 中打开相应的文件夹。</p>
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</td></tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="inner"><span>
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« <a href="list-cli-apps.html">命令列表</a>
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