NetBSD/distrib/notes/common/main

.\"	$NetBSD: main,v 1.242 2003/09/25 17:19:51 cb Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1999-2002 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
.\"        This product includes software developed by the NetBSD
.\"        Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
.\" 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
.\"    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
.\"    from this software without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.ig

	The notes that describe the improvements over the last release
	aren't appropriate for a snapshot, so these are conditional on
	FOR_RELEASE. 0 == snapshot; 1 == release
..
.
.tm Processing INSTALL
.
.\"	--------------------  CONFIGURATION  --------------------
.
.nr FOR_RELEASE 1
.nr DOC_XR 1
.ds MACHINE_LIST acorn26 acorn32 algor alpha amiga amigappc arc atari bebox
.as MACHINE_LIST " cats cesfic cobalt dreamcast evbarm evbmips evbppc evbsh3
.as MACHINE_LIST " hp300 hpcarm hpcmips hpcsh i386 luna68k mac68k macppc mipsco
.as MACHINE_LIST " mmeye mvme68k mvmeppc netwinder news68k newsmips next68k
.as MACHINE_LIST " ofppc pc532 playstation2 pmax pmppc prep sandpoint sbmips
.as MACHINE_LIST " sgimips shark sparc sparc64 sun2 sun3 vax x68k x86_64
.
.so \*[.CURDIR]/../common/macros
.
.Dd September 7, 2002
.Dt INSTALL 8
.Os NetBSD
.Sh NAME
.Nm INSTALL
.Nd Installation procedure for
.Nx*M .
.Sh CONTENTS
.Tc
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.
.Ss About this Document
.Pp
.
This document describes the installation procedure for
.Nx \*V
on the
.Em \*M
platform.
It is available in four different formats titled
.Pa INSTALL. Ns Ar ext ,
where
.Ar \&.ext
is one of
.Pa \&.ps , \&.html , \&.more ,
.No or Pa \&.txt :
.(tag \&.morex -offset indent
.It Pa \&.ps
PostScript.
.It Pa \&.html
.No Standard Internet Tn HTML .
.It Pa \&.more
The enhanced text format used on
.Ul
systems by the
.Xr more 1
and
.Xr less 1
pager utility programs.
This is the format in which the on-line
.Em man
pages are generally presented.
.It Pa \&.txt
Plain old
.Tn ASCII .
.tag)
.Pp
You are reading the
.Em \*[format]
version.
.
.if \n[i386]:\n[macppc]:\n[sparc] \{
.Ss "Quick install notes for the impatient"
.Pp
This section contains some brief notes describing what you need to
install
.Nx \*V
on a machine of the \*M architecture.
.Bl -bullet
.It
Fetch the
.if \n[i386] \{\
appropriate pair of boot floppy images from the
.Pa installation/floppy/
directory.
Most people will need the
.Pa boot1.fs
and
.Pa boot2.fs
images, or possibly (but not necessarily)
.Pa bootlap1.fs
and
.Pa bootlap2.fs
if installing on a laptop.
.\}
.if \n[macppc] \{\
files necessary to boot your system.
The files depend on what model you
are using and how you plan to boot your machine.
For systems with built-in floppy drives (Open Firmware 1 or 2), 
fetch the pair of boot floppy images
.Pa installation/floppy/boot1.fs
and
.Pa installation/floppy/boot2.fs ,
which include the bootloader and installation kernel.
For systems without floppy drives (most are Open Firmware 3), fetch the
bootloader
.Pa installation/ofwboot.xcf
and the installation kernel
.Pa binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz .
If you have a CD-R, you can fetch the CD image,
.Pa macppccd.iso .
.\}
.if \n[sparc] \{\
CD image,
.Pa sparccd.iso
or the floppy disk images,
.Pa install/floppy/disk1.gz No and Pa install/floppy/disk2 .
You need either the pair of floppies or the CD to boot your system.
.\}
.if \n[macppc]:\n[sparc] \{\
Alternatively, you may netboot the installation kernel.  This process is
covered below, in detail.
.\}
.It
The actual binary distribution is in the
.Pa binary/sets/
directory.
When you boot the install
.if \n[i386] floppies,
.if \n[macppc] kernel from floppies, hard drive, or CD-ROM,
.if \n[sparc] floppies or CD-ROM,
the installation program
can fetch these files for you (using e.g. ftp),
if you have a network connection.
There are several other methods to get the binary sets onto
your machine.
.Pp
You will at a minimum need
.ie \n[i386] \{\
one of the kernel sets, typically
.Pa kern-GENERIC.tgz ,
as well as
.\}
.el \{\
the following sets:
.Pa kern-GENERIC.tgz ,
.\}
.Pa base.tgz
and
.Pa etc.tgz .
In a typical workstation installation you will probably want
all the installation sets.
.if \n[i386] \{
.It
Write the floppy images directly to a pair of floppies.
If you have problems writing a raw image to a floppy,
the
.Ic rawrite.exe
MS-DOS program
or the
.Ic Rawrite32.exe
Windows32 program (inside
.Pa rawrite32.zip )
in the
.Pa utilities/
directory may be of help.
.\}
.if \n[macppc] \{
.It
If your \*M has a floppy drive, create the pair of boot floppies using 
.Ic suntar
(MacOS 9),
.Ic rawrite
(Windows), or
.Ic dd
(any
.Ul
system with floppy support).  If your system has Open Firmware 3, drag
.Pa ofwboot.xcf No and Pa netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz
to your hard drive icon (the top level of the drive, not the desktop).
If you are using the CD image, burn it now.
.\}
.if \n[sparc] \{
.It
Make sure your sparc's CD-ROM drive is bootable.
Burn the CD.
Otherwise, write the floppy images directly to a pair of floppies
(after uncompressing disk1.gz).
.\}
.Pp
The disk(s) you just prepared will be used to boot the installation
kernel, which contains all the tools required to install
.Nx .
.if \n[macppc] \{\
.It
Determine your machine's model, quirks, and Open Firmware version from the
.Nx*M
Model Support webpage.
.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/Ports/macppc/models.html
.Pp
At present,
.Nx*M
cannot exist on the same hard drive as
.Tn Mac OS
unless you partition your disk before running the installer.
Open Firmware versions prior to 3 require a dedicated
.Nx
drive \(em you must use the entire disk,
partitioned with the installation tools.
Open Firmware version 3 cannot boot into
.Nx
on a drive partitioned with the installation tools, you must partition
your disk before running the installer, then select the
.Dq Me "Re-install sets or install additional sets"
option in the installer (selecting the
.Dq Me "Install NetBSD to hard disk"
or
.Dq Me "Upgrade NetBSD on a hard disk"
options will render your drive unbootable).
If you are unsure, you may want to read the section below on
.Sx Partitioning your hard drive for NetBSD
.It
For systems with Open Firmware versions prior to 3, you may need to use
Apple's System Disk utility to enter Open Firmware and use your screen and
keyboard.
To enter Open Firmware, hold down the
.Key COMMAND-OPTION-O-F
keys after the boot chime starts, but before the chime ends.
Entering Open Firmware versions prior to 3 is usually the most frustrating
part of installation \(em you may want to read the section below on
.Sx Older Open Firmware System Preparation
.Pp
You should have the Open Firmware
.Dq Pa "0 \*>"
prompt on your screen before attempting to boot
.Nx*M .
.\}
.if \n[macppc] \{\
.It
At the Open Firmware prompt, type the command to boot.
To boot from the installation floppies, the command is
.Dq Ic "boot fd:0" .
For the install kernel and bootloader on your hard drive (Open Firmware
3), the command is
.Dq Ic "boot hd:,\eofwboot.xcf netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz" .
.Pp
For boot CDs, the command is something like
.Dq Ic "boot cd:,\eofwboot.xcf netbsd.macppc"
(for Open Firmware 3) or
.Dq Ic "boot scsi-int/sd@3:0 NETBSD.MACPPC"
(for earlier Open Firmware versions).
You will need to use the correct case for
.Ic OFWBOOT.XCF No and Ic NETBSD.MACPPC
depending on how your version of Open Firmware interprets the ISO
file system.
You may need to replace
.Ic cd
with
.Ic "scsi/sd@3 , scsi-int/sd@3 , scsi-ext/sd@3 , ata/atapi-disk ,"
or some other device alias.
You should also use the Open Firmware
.Ic dir
command to confirm that the
.Nx*M
kernel is called
.Pa NETBSD.MACPPC .
You may want to read the section below on
.Sx Open Firmware boot syntax
.\}
.if \n[sparc] \{\
.It
You will need to get to the OpenBoot PROM
.Dq Ic "ok"
prompt.
After your system first powers on, and displays some initial information,
press the
.Key STOP-A
keys.
At the
.Dq Ic "ok"
prompt, type the command to boot your system into
.Nx .
The command to boot from CD is one of the following commands (depending on
your model):
.Dq Ic b sd(,30,) ,
.Dq Ic boot sd(,30,) ,
or
.Dq Ic boot cdrom .
.Pp
The command to boot from floppy is either
.Dq Ic boot fd(,,1)
or
.Dq Ic boot floppy .
The installer will prompt you to insert the second floppy when it is ready
for it.
.\}
.It
For third-party programs which are not part of the base
.Nx
distribution, you will want to explore the
.Ic pkgsrc
system with its more than 3000 program packages.
.El
.\}
.Ss "What is NetBSD?"
.Pp
.
The
.Nx
Operating System is a fully functional
.Tn Open Source
.Ul
operating system derived from the University of California, Berkeley
Networking Release 2 (Net/2), 4.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources.
.Nx
runs on fifty three different system architectures (ports),
featuring seventeen machine architectures
across eleven distinct CPU families,
and is being ported to more.
The
.Nx \*V
release contains complete binary releases for thirty eight different
system architectures.
(The fifteen remaining are not fully supported at this time
and are thus not part of the binary distribution.
For information on them, please see the
.Nx
web site at
.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/ . )
.Pp
.Nx
is a completely integrated system.
In addition to its highly portable, high performance kernel,
.nh
.Nx
features a complete set of user utilities, compilers for several
languages, the X Window System, firewall software
and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code.
.Pp
.\" XXX Should we include some text here about NetBSD's license
.\" policies and how commercial-friendly it is?
.Nx
is a creation of the members of the Internet community.
Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes
possible, it's likely that
.Nx
wouldn't exist.
.Ss Upgrade path to NetBSD 1.6
If you are not installing your system ``from scratch'' but instead
are going to upgrade an existing system already running
.Nx
you need to know which versions you can upgrade with
.Nx 1.6 .
.Pp
.Nx 1.6
is an upgrade of
.Nx 1.5.3
and earlier major and patch releases of
.Nx .
.Pp
The intermediate development versions of code available on the main trunk
in our CVS repository (also known as ``NetBSD-current'') from
.Em after
the point where the release cycle for 1.6 was started are designated
by version identifiers such as 1.6A, 1.6B, etc.
These identifiers do not designate releases, but indicate major changes
in internal kernel APIs.
Note that the kernel from
.Nx
1.6 can
.Em not
be used to upgrade a system running one of those intermediate development
versions.
Trying to use the
.Nx
1.6 kernel on such a system
.Em will
probably result in problems.
.Pp
Please also note that it is not possible to do a direct ``version''
comparison between any of the intermediate development versions mentioned
above and 1.6 to determine if a given feature is present or absent
in 1.6.
The development of 1.6 and the subsequent ``point'' releases
is done on a separate branch in the CVS repository.
The branch was created when the release cycle for 1.6 was started,
and during the release cycle of 1.6 and its patch releases selected
fixes and enhancements have been imported from the main development
trunk.
.ig
For example, there may be features in 1.6.1 which were not in 1.6B,
and vice versa.
..
.if \n[FOR_RELEASE] \{\
.Ss Changes Between The NetBSD 1.5 and 1.6 Releases
.Pp
The
.Nx 1.6
release
provides numerous significant functional enhancements, including
support for many new devices, integration of hundreds of bug fixes,
new and updated kernel subsystems, and many user-land enhancements.
The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for
production use that rivals most commercially available systems.
.Pp
It is impossible to completely summarize over eighteen months of
development that went into the
.Nx \*V
release.
Some highlights include:
.
.Ss2 Kernel
.
.(bullet
Ports to new platforms including:
algor,
dreamcast,
evbarm,
evbppc,
hpcarm,
hpcsh,
newsmips,
sandpoint,
sgimips,
and
sun2.
.It
Unified Buffer Cache (UBC) removes size restriction of the file system's
buffer cache to use all available RAM (if not otherwise used!) and
improves overall system performance.
.It
Round-robin page colouring implemented for various ports for better
cache utilisation, more deterministic run-time behaviour, and faster
program execution.
.It
A rewritten SCSI middle layer to provide a cleaner interface between
the different kernel layers, including a kernel thread to handle error
recovery outside of the interrupt context.
See
.Xr scsipi 9 .
.It
A new pipe implementation with significantly higher performance
due to lower overheads, which uses the UVM Page Loan facility.
.if !\n[mac68k] \{\
.It
New boot loader flags
.Fl v
.Pq Em bootverbose
and
.Fl q
.Pq Em bootquiet ,
to be used by kernel code to optionally print information during boot.
.It
An in-kernel boot time device configuration manager
.Xr userconf 4 ,
activated with the
.Fl c
boot loader flag.
.\}
.It
A work-in-progress snapshot of ACPI support,
based on the 20010831 snapshot of the Intel ACPICA reference implementation.
.It
USB 2.0 support, in the form of a preliminary driver for the
.Xr ehci 4
host controller.
.It
Basic kernel support for IrDA in the form of the
.Xr irframe 4
IrDA frame level driver.
Serial dongles and the
.Xr oboe 4
driver are currently supported.
.It
Kernel configuration files can be embedded into the kernel for later
retrieval.
Refer to
.Dv INCLUDE_CONFIG_FILE
in
.Xr options 4
for more information.
.It
Many more kernel tunable variables added to
.Xr sysctl 8 .
.It
Linux binary emulation has been greatly improved,
and now supports Linux kernel version 2.4.18.
.bullet)
.
.Ss2 Networking
.
.(bullet
Hardware assisted IPv4 TCP and UDP checksumming and caching of the
IPv6 TCP pseudo header.
Support for checksum offloading on the DP83820 Gigabit Ethernet, 3Com 3c90xB,
3Com 3c90xC, and Alteon Tigon/Tigon2 Gigabit Ethernet cards.
.It
Zero-Copy for TCP and UDP transmit path achieved through page
loaning code for
.Fn sosend .
.It
In-kernel ISDN support, from the ISDN4BSD project.
.It
802.1Q VLAN (virtual LAN) support.
See
.Xr vlan 4 .
.It
IPFilter now supports IPv6 filtering.
.It
.Xr ndbootd 8
added;
used to netboot
.Nx Ns /sun2
machines.
.It
.Xr racoon 8
added;
IKE key management daemon for IPsec key negotiation, from the KAME project.
.It
WEP encryption supported in
.Xr ifconfig 8
and
.Xr awi 4
driver.
.It
.Xr wi 4
and
.Xr wiconfig 8
now support scanning for access points,
and defaults to BSS instead of ad-hoc mode.
.It
Bridging support; currently only for ethernet.
See
.Xr bridge 4 .
.It
In-kernel PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) - RFC 2516,
with much lower overhead than user-land PPPoE clients.
See
.Xr pppoe 4 .
.It
.Xr ifwatchd 8
added;
invokes up-script and down-script when a network interface goes up and down.
Used by
.Xr pppoe 4 .
.bullet)
.
.Ss2 File system
.
.(bullet
Enhanced stability of LFS version 2, the BSD log-structured file system.
.It
.Xr dump 8 ,
.Xr dumpfs 8 ,
.Xr fsck_ffs 8 ,
.Xr fsirand 8 ,
.Xr newfs 8 ,
and
.Xr tunefs 8
support a
.Fl F
option to manipulate file system images in regular files.
.It
.Xr makefs 8
added;
creates file system images from a directory tree.
(Currently ffs only.)
.It
Enhanced
.Fn ffs_dirpref
by Grigoriy Orlov, which noticeably improves performance on FFS file systems
when creating directories, and subsequently manipulating them.
.It
Fixes for free block tracking and directory block allocation in FFS softdeps.
.It
Correctly support FFS file systems with a large number of cylinder groups.
.It
Fix the endian independant FFS (FFS_EI) support.
.It
.Xr newfs 8 
calculates default block size from the file system size,
and uses the largest possible cylinders/group (cpg) value if
.Fl c
isn't given.
.It
.Xr dpti 4
driver added;
an implementation of the DPT/Adaptec SCSI/I2O RAID management interface.
Allows the use of the Linux versions of
.Ic dptmgr ,
.Ic raidutil ,
.Ic dptelog ,
(etc).
.It
Support for
.Tn "Windows 2000"
.Sq NTFS
(NTFS5).
.It
Tagged queueing support for SCSI drivers based on the ncr53c9x controller.
.bullet)
.
.Ss2 Security
.
.(bullet
Addition of a
.Xr chroot 8
hierarchy for services including
.Xr named 8 ,
.Xr ntpd 8 ,
and
.Xr sshd 8 .
.It
Additional
.Xr passwd 5
ciphers:
MD5, and
DES with more encryption rounds.
See
.Xr passwd.conf 5 .
.It
Several more code audits were performed.
.It
.Pa /etc/security
performs many more checks and is far more flexible in how it monitors
changes.
See
.Xr security.conf 5 .
.
.\" XXX: list security advisories here?
.
.bullet)
.
.Ss2 System administration and user tools
.
.(bullet
.Xr sushi 8
added;
a menu based system administration tool.
.It
.Xr pgrep 1
and
.Xr pkill 1
added;
find or signal processes by name or other attributes.
.It
System upgrades are made easier through the
.Xr etcupdate 8
script which helps updating the
.Pa /etc
config files interactively, and the
.Pa /etc/postinstall
script which is provided to check for or fix configuration changes
that have occurred in
.Nx .
.It
.Xr stat 1
added;
a user interface to the information returned by the
.Xr stat 2
system call.
.It
BSD
.Xr sort 1
replaces
GNU
.Xr sort 1 .
.It
The
.Dq stop
operation for
.Xr rc.d 8
scripts waits until the service terminates before returning.
This improves the reliability of
.Dq restart
operations as well.
.It
Swap devices can be removed at system shutdown by enabling
.Li swapoff
in
.Xr rc.conf 5 .
.It
An optional watchdog timer which will terminate
.Xr rc.shutdown 8
after the number of seconds provided in
.Li rcshutdown_timeout
from
.Xr rc.conf 5 .
.bullet)
.
.Ss2 Miscellaneous
.
.(bullet
Support for multibyte LC_CTYPE locales has been integrated from the
Citrus project.
Many Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and other encodings are now available.
.It
Full support for cross-compilation of the base system, even as a
non-root user!
.Pa src/build.sh
is available for doing arbitrary cross-builds; see
.Pa src/BUILDING
for more information.
At least 38 ports for the
.Nx \*V
release were cross-built on a
.Nx Ns /i386
system using this mechanism.
.It
Migrated the following CPU platforms to ELF: arm, and m68k (including
amiga, hp300, mac68k, mvme68k, sun2, and x68k).
.It
Updates of most third party packages that are shipped in the base
system to the following latest stable releases:
.(bullet -compact -offset indent
amd 6.0.6
.It
BIND 8.3.3
.It
binutils 2.11.2
.It
bzip2 1.0.2
.It
cvs 1.11
.It
dhcp 3.0.1rc9
.It
file 3.38
.It
gcc 2.95.3
.It
groff 1.16.1
.It
Heimdal 0.4e
.It
IPfilter 3.4.27
.It
kerberos4 1.1
.It
ksh from pdksh 5.2.14p2
.It
less 374
.It
nvi 1.79
.It
OpenSSH 3.4
.It
OpenSSL 0.9.6g
.It
Postfix 1.1.11
.It
ppp 2.4.0
.It
routed 2.24
.It
sendmail 8.11.6
.It
tcpdump 3.7.1
.if \n[i386] \{\
.It
XFree86 4.2.0 (i386 only)
\}
.bullet)
.It
Many new packages in the
.Em pkgsrc
system, including the latest open source desktop KDE3, OpenOffice,
perl, Apache and many more.
At the time of writing, there are over 3000 third party packages
available in pkgsrc.
.It
Added AGP GART driver
.Xr agp 4
for faster access to graphics boards.
.It
.Xr init 8
will create an mfs (memory based file system)
.Pa /dev
if
.Pa /dev/console
is missing.
.It
.Xr vmstat 8
displays kernel hash statistics with
.Fl H
and
.Fl h Ar hash .
.It
.Xr wscons 4
supports blanking of VGA consoles.
.bullet)
.
.Pp
Kernel interfaces have continued to be refined, and more subsystems
and device drivers are shared among the different ports.
You can look for this trend to continue.
.
.Ss2 \*M specific
.so whatis -----------------------------------------------
.\} \" \n[FOR_RELEASE]
.
.Ss "The Future of NetBSD"
.Pp
.
The
.Nx
Foundation has been incorporated as a non-profit
organization.
Its purpose is to encourage, foster and promote the free exchange
of computer software, namely the
.Nx
Operating
System.
The foundation will allow for many things to be handled more
smoothly than could be done with our previous informal organization.
In particular, it provides the framework to deal with other parties
that wish to become involved in the
.Nx
Project.
.Pp
The
.Nx
Foundation will help improve the quality of
.Nx
by:
.(bullet
providing better organization to keep track of development
efforts, including co-ordination with groups working in
related fields.
.It
providing a framework to receive donations of goods and
services and to own the resources necessary to run the
.Nx
Project.
.It
providing a better position from which to undertake
promotional activities.
.It
periodically organizing workshops for developers and other
interested people to discuss ongoing work.
.bullet)
.Pp
We intend to begin narrowing the time delay between releases.
Our ambition is to provide a full release every six to eight months.
.Pp
We hope to support even
.Em more
hardware in the future, and we have a
rather large number of other ideas about what can be done to improve
.Nx .
.Pp
We intend to continue our current practice of making the
NetBSD-current development source available on a daily basis.
.Pp
We intend to integrate free, positive changes from whatever sources
submit them, providing that they are well thought-out and increase the
usability of the system.
.Pp
Above all, we hope to create a stable and accessible system, and to be
responsive to the needs and desires of
.Nx
users, because it is for
and because of them that
.Nx
exists.
.br_ne 10P
.
.Ss "Sources of NetBSD"
.Pp
.
Refer to
.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/Sites/net.html .
.br_ne 10P
.
.Ss "NetBSD \*V Release Contents
.Pp
.
The root directory of the
.Nx \*V
release is organized as follows:
.ie \n[FOR_RELEASE] \{\
.Pp
.Pa .../NetBSD-\*V/
.(tag README.files
.It Li CHANGES
Changes since earlier
.Nx
releases.
.It Li LAST_MINUTE
Last minute changes.
.It Li MIRRORS
A list of sites that mirror the
.Nx \*V
distribution.
.It Li README.files
README describing the distribution's contents.
.It Li TODO
.Nx 's
todo list (also somewhat incomplete and out of date).
.It Pa patches/
Post-release source code patches.
.It Pa source/
Source distribution sets; see below.
.tag)
.Pp
In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one
directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which
.Nx \*V
has a binary distribution.
There are also
.Pa README.export-control
files sprinkled liberally throughout the
distribution tree, which point out that there are some portions of the
distribution that may be subject to
export regulations of the United States, e.g.
code under
.Pa src/crypto
and
.Pa src/sys/crypto .
It is your responsibility
to determine whether or not it is legal for you to export these portions
and to act accordingly.
.Pp
The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the
.Pa source
subdirectory of the distribution tree.
They contain the complete sources to the system.
The source distribution sets are as follows:
.(tag sharesrc
.It Sy gnusrc
This set contains the
.Dq gnu
sources, including the source for the compiler, assembler, groff,
and the other GNU utilities in the binary distribution sets.
.showsize 55 247
.It Sy pkgsrc
This set contains the
.Dq pkgsrc
sources, which contain the infrastructure to build third-party packages.
.showsize 12 94
.It Sy sharesrc
This set contains the
.Dq share
sources, which include the sources for the man pages not associated
with any particular program; the sources for the typesettable document
set; the dictionaries; and more.
.showsize 4 16
.It Sy src
This set contains all of the base
.Nx \*V
sources which are not in
.Sy gnusrc ,
.Sy sharesrc ,
or
.Sy syssrc .
.showsize 27 136
.It Sy syssrc
This set contains the sources to the
.Nx \*V
kernel for all architectures;
.Xr config 8 ;
and
.Xr dbsym 8 .
.showsize 22 114
.It Sy xsrc
This set contains the sources to the X Window System.
.showsize 78 394
.tag)
.Pp
All the above source sets are located in the
.Pa source/sets
subdirectory of the distribution tree.
.Pp
The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files.
Except for the
.Sy pkgsrc 
set, which is traditionally unpacked into
.Pa /usr/pkgsrc ,
all sets may be unpacked into
.Pa /usr/src
with the command:
.Dl # Ic "( cd / ; tar -zxpf - ) \*< set_name.tgz"
.Pp
The
.Pa sets/Split/
subdirectory contains split
versions of the source sets for those users who need to load the
source sets from floppy or otherwise need a split distribution.
The split sets are named
.Pa "set_name." Ns Ar xx
where
.Pa set_name
is the distribution set name, and
.Ar xx
is the sequence number of the file,
starting with
.Dq aa
for the first file in the distribution set, then
.Dq ab
for the next, and so on.
All of these files except the last one of each set should be exactly
240,640 bytes long.
(The last file is just long enough to contain the remainder of the data
for that distribution set.)
.Pp
The split distributions may be reassembled and extracted with
.Ic cat
as follows:
.Pp
.Dl # Ic "cat set_name.?? | ( cd / ; tar -zxpf - )"
.Pp
In each of the source distribution set directories, there are
files which contain the checksums of the files in the directory:
.(tag SYSVSUM -offset indent
.It Li BSDSUM
Historic
.Bx
checksums for the various files
in that directory, in the format produced by the command:
.br
.Ic cksum -o 1 Ar file .
.It Li CKSUM
.Tn POSIX
checksums for the various files in that
directory, in the format produced by the command:
.br
.Ic cksum Ar file .
.It Li MD5
.Tn MD5
digests for the various files in that
directory, in the format produced by the command:
.br
.Ic cksum Fl m Ar file .
.It Li SYSVSUM
Historic AT\*&T System V
.Ux
checksums for the various files in that directory, in the format produced by
the command:
.br
.Ic cksum -o 2 Ar file .
.tag)
.Pp
The MD5 digest is the safest checksum, followed by the POSIX
checksum.
The other two checksums are provided only to ensure
that the widest possible range of system can check the integrity
of the release files.
.\}
.el \{\
.Pp
.Pa \&.../NetBSD-current/tar_files/
.(item -compact -offset indent
.Pa doc.tar.gz
.It
.Pa pkgsrc.tar.gz
.It
.Pa src/*.tar.gz
.It
.Pa xsrc/*.tar.gz
.item)
.Pp
Other directories provide unpacked source trees for distribution via
the source update protocol, for more information see:
.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/Sites/net.html#sup
.\}
.
.
.so ../common/contents -----------------------------------------------
.
.
.(Note
Each directory in the \*M binary distribution also has its
own checksum files, just as the source distribution does.
.Note)
.br_ne 7P
.
.Ss "NetBSD/\*M System Requirements and Supported Devices"
.
.so hardware -----------------------------------------------
.br_ne 7P
.
.Ss "Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media"
.
.so xfer -----------------------------------------------
.br_ne 7P
.
.Ss "Preparing your System for NetBSD installation"
.
.so prep -----------------------------------------------
.br_ne 7P
.
.ie \n[mac68k] .Ss "Installing the NetBSD System (Sysinst Method)"
.el .Ss "Installing the NetBSD System"
.
.so install -----------------------------------------------
.br_ne 7P
.
.Ss "Post installation steps"
.
.so ../common/postinstall -----------------------------------------------
.br_ne 7P
.
.Ss "Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System"
.
.so upgrade -----------------------------------------------
.br_ne 7P
.
.Ss "Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases"
.Pp
.
Users upgrading from previous versions of
.Nx
may wish to bear the
following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to
.Nx \*V .
.
.Ss2 Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 1.5
The following issues can generally be resolved by extracting the
.Sy etc
set into a temporary directory and running
.Em postinstall :
.(disp
mkdir /tmp/upgrade
cd /tmp/upgrade
pax -zrpe -f /path/to/etc.tgz
\&./etc/postinstall -s `pwd` check
\&./etc/postinstall -s `pwd` fix
.disp)
.Pp
Issues fixed by
.Em postinstall :
.(bullet -offset indent
Various files in
.Pa /etc
need upgrading.
These include:
.(bullet -compact -offset indent
.Pa /etc/defaults/*
.It
.Pa /etc/mtree/*
.It
.Pa /etc/daily
.It
.Pa /etc/weekly
.It
.Pa /etc/monthly
.It
.Pa /etc/security
.It
.Pa /etc/rc.subr
.It
.Pa /etc/rc
.It
.Pa /etc/rc.shutdown
.It
.Pa /etc/rc.d/*
.bullet)
.
.It
The following files are now obsolete:
.Pa /etc/rc.d/NETWORK
and
.Pa /etc/rc.d/gated .
.
.It
The following
.Xr rc.conf 5
entries are now obsolete:
.Li amd_master ,
.Li ip6forwarding ,
.Li defcorename ,
and
.Li nfsiod_flags .
.Li critical_filesystems_beforenet
has been replaced by
.Li critical_filesystems_local .
.Li critical_filesystems
has been replaced by
.Li critical_filesystems_remote .
.
.It
The users and groups
.Sq named ,
.Sq ntpd ,
and
.Sq sshd
need to be created.
.
.It
The configuration files for
.Xr ssh 1
and
.Xr sshd 8
were moved from
.Pa /etc
to
.Pa /etc/ssh ,
including 
.Pa ssh_known_hosts*
files and the
host key files
.Pa ssh_host*_key* .
.Pa /etc/ssh.conf
was renamed to
.Pa /etc/ssh/ssh_config ,
and
.Pa /etc/sshd.conf
was renamed to
.Pa /etc/ssh/sshd_config .
.
.It
The
.Ic mux
entries in
.Xr wscons.conf 5
are now obsolete.
.bullet)
.
.Pp
The following issues need to be resolved manually:
.
.(bullet -offset indent
.Xr postfix 8
configuration files require upgrading.
.(disp
cd /usr/share/examples/postfix
cp post-install postfix-files postfix-script /etc/postfix
postfix check
.disp)
.
.It
The
.Em de
ethernet driver was replaced with the
.Em tlp
driver.
This may require the renaming of the files
.Pa /etc/ifconfig.de*
to
.Pa /etc/ifconfig.tlp* ,
renaming of
.Xr rc.conf 5
entries
.Li ifconfig_de*
to
.Li ifconfig_tlp* ,
and the reconfiguration of files such as
.Pa /etc/dhclient.conf
and
.Pa /etc/ipf.conf .
.
.bullet)
.
.Ss2 Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 1.4 or prior
.(bullet
.Pa /etc/rc
modified to use
.Pa /etc/rc.d/*
.Pp
Prior to
.Nx 1.5 ,
.Pa /etc/rc
was a traditional
.Bx
style monolithic file; each discrete program or substem from
.Pa /etc/rc
and
.Pa /etc/netstart
has been moved into separate scripts in
.Pa /etc/rc.d/ .
.Pp
At system startup,
.Pa /etc/rc
uses
.Xr rcorder 8
to build a dependency list of the files in
.Pa /etc/rc.d
and then executes each script in turn with an argument of
.Sq start .
Many
.Pa rc.d
scripts won't start unless the appropriate
.Xr rc.conf 5
entry in
.Pa /etc/rc.conf
is set to
.Sq YES.
.Pp
At system shutdown,
.Pa /etc/rc.shutdown
uses
.Xr rcorder 8
to build a dependency list of the files in
.Pa /etc/rc.d
that have a
.Dq "KEYWORD: shutdown"
line, reverses the resulting list, and then executes each script in turn
with an argument of
.Sq stop .
The following scripts support a specific shutdown method:
.Pa cron ,
.Pa inetd ,
.Pa local ,
and
.Pa xdm .
.Pp
Local and third-party scripts may be installed into
.Pa /etc/rc.d
as necessary.
Refer to the other scripts in that directory and
.Xr rc 8
for more information on implementing
.Pa rc.d
scripts.
.
.It
.Xr named 8
leaks version information.
.Pp
Previous releases of
.Nx
disabled a feature of
.Xr named 8
where the version number of the server could be determined by remote clients.
This feature has not been disabled in
.Nx 1.5 ,
because there is a
.Xr named.conf 5
option to change the version string:
.(disp
 option {
        version "newstring";
 };
.disp)
.
.It
.Xr sysctl 8
was moved from
.Pa /usr/sbin/sysctl
to
.Pa /sbin/sysctl .
If you have hardcoded references to the full pathname
.Pq in shell scripts, for example
please be sure to update those.
.
.It
.Xr sendmail 8
configuration file pathname changed.
.Pp
Due to
.Xr sendmail 8
upgrade from 8.9.x to 8.10.x,
.Pa /etc/sendmail.cf
is moved to
.Pa /etc/mail/sendmail.cf .
Also, the default
.Xr sendmail.cf 5
refers different pathnames than before.
For example,
.Pa /etc/aliases
is now located at
.Pa /etc/mail/aliases ,
.Pa /etc/sendmail.cw
is now called
.Pa /etc/mail/local-host-names ,
and so forth.
If you have customized
.Xr sendmail.cf 5
and friends, you will need to move the files to the new locations.
See
.Pa /usr/share/sendmail/README
for more information.
.bullet)
.
.Pp
.
.
.Ss "Using online NetBSD documentation"
.Pp
Documentation is available if you first install the manual
distribution set.
Traditionally, the
.Dq man pages
(documentation) are denoted by
.Sq Li name(section) .
Some examples of this are
.Pp
.(bullet -compact -offset indent
.Xr intro 1 ,
.It
.Xr man 1 ,
.It
.Xr apropros 1 ,
.It
.Xr passwd 1 ,
and
.It
.Xr passwd 5 .
.bullet)
.Pp
The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three
are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats
are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8.
.Pp
.No The Em man
command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is
started by entering
.Ic man Op Ar section
.Ar topic .
The brackets
.Op \&
around the
section should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is
optional.
If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the
lowest numbered section name will be displayed.
For instance, after logging in, enter
.Pp
.Dl # Ic "man passwd"
.Pp
to read the documentation for
.Xr passwd 1 .
To view the documentation for
.Xr passwd 5 ,
enter
.Pp
.Dl # Ic "man 5 passwd"
.Pp
instead.
.Pp
If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter
.Ic apropos Ar subject-word
.Pp
where
.Ar subject-word
is your topic of interest; a list of possibly
related man pages will be displayed.
.
.Ss Administrivia
.Pp
.
If you've got something to say, do so!
We'd like your input.
There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list
server at
.Mt majordomo@NetBSD.org .
To get help on using the mailing
list server, send mail to that address with an empty body, and it will
reply with instructions.
.Pp
There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and
questions about this release.
Please send comments to:
.Mt netbsd-comments@NetBSD.org .
.Pp
To report bugs, use the
.Xr send-pr 1
command shipped with
.Nx ,
and fill in as much information about the problem as you can.
Good bug reports include lots of details.
Additionally, bug reports can be sent by mail to:
.Mt netbsd-bugs@NetBSD.org .
.Pp
Use of
.Xr send-pr 1
is encouraged, however, because bugs reported with it
are entered into the
.Nx
bugs database, and thus can't slip through
the cracks.
.Pp
There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of
each port of
.Nx .
Use majordomo to find their addresses, or visit
.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/MailingLists/ .
If
you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific
port, you probably should contact the
.Sq owner
of that port (listed
below).
.Pp
If you'd like to help with this effort, and have an idea as to how
you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to:
.Mt netbsd-help@NetBSD.org .
.Pp
As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these
mailing lists.
Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP or WWW somewhere,
then mail the appropriate list about it, or, if you'd rather not do that,
mail the list saying you'll send the data to those who want it.
.
.Ss Thanks go to
.
.(bullet
The former members of UCB's Computer Systems Research Group,
including (but not limited to):
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
Keith Bostic
Ralph Campbell
Mike Karels
Marshall Kirk McKusick
.Ed
.Pp
for their ongoing work on
.Bx
systems, support, and encouragement.
.It
Also, our thanks go to:
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
Mike Hibler
Rick Macklem
Jan-Simon Pendry
Chris Torek
.Ed
.Pp
for answering lots of questions, fixing bugs, and doing the various work
they've done.
.It
UC Berkeley's Experimental Computing Facility provided a home for
sun-lamp in the past, people to look after it, and a sense of humor.
Rob Robertson, too, has added his unique sense of humor to things, and
for a long time provided the primary FTP site for
.Nx .
.It
Vixie Enterprises for hosting the
.Nx
FTP, SUP, and WWW servers.
.It
Redback Networks, Inc. for hosting the
.Nx
mail and GNATS server.
.It
The Helsinki University of Technology in Finland for hosting the
.Nx
CVS server.
.It
The Internet Research Institute in Japan for hosting the server
which runs the CVSweb interface to the
.Nx
source tree.
.It
The many organisations that provide
.Nx
mirror sites.
.It
Without CVS, this project would be impossible to manage, so our hats
go off to Brian Berliner, Jeff Polk, and the various other people
who've had a hand in making CVS a useful tool.
.It
Dave Burgess
.Mt burgess@cynjut.infonet.net
has been maintaining the
386BSD/NetBSD/FreeBSD FAQ for quite some time, and deserves to be
recognized for it.
.It
The following individuals and organizations (each in alphabetical order)
have made donations or loans of hardware and/or money, to support
.Nx
development, and deserve credit for it:
.so ../common/donations -----------------------------------------------
(If you're not on that list and should be, tell us!
We probably were not able to get in touch with you, to verify that you
wanted to be listed.)
.It
Finally, we thank all of the people who've put sweat and tears into
developing
.Nx
since its inception in January, 1993.
(Obviously, there are a lot more people who deserve thanks here.
If you're one of them, and would like to mentioned, tell us!)
.bullet)
.
.Ss "We are..."
.
.Pp
(in alphabetical order)
.Pp
.
.
.Bl -column xxx "Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino" Mt sommerfeld@NetBSD.org newsmips
.
.br_ne 1i
.It-span Em "The NetBSD core group:"
.It Ta Ta
.It Ta Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino Ta Mt itojun@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Frank van der Linden Ta Mt fvdl@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Luke Mewburn Ta Mt lukem@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Christos Zoulas Ta Mt christos@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Ta
.
.br_ne 2i
.It-span Em "The portmasters (and their ports):"
.It Ta Ta
.It Ta Lennart Augustsson Ta Mt augustss@NetBSD.org Ta Sy pmppc
.It Ta Simon Burge Ta Mt simonb@NetBSD.org Ta Sy pmax
.It Ta Simon Burge Ta Mt simonb@NetBSD.org Ta Sy sbmips
.It Ta Jeremy Cooper Ta Mt jeremy@NetBSD.org Ta Sy sun3x
.It Ta Matt Fredette Ta Mt fredette@NetBSD.org Ta Sy sun2
.It Ta Chris Gilbert Ta Mt chris@NetBSD.org Ta Sy cats
.It Ta Ross Harvey Ta Mt ross@NetBSD.org Ta Sy alpha
.It Ta "Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino" Ta Mt itojun@NetBSD.org Ta Sy sh3
.It Ta Ben Harris Ta Mt bjh21@NetBSD.org Ta Sy acorn26
.It Ta Martin Husemann Ta Mt martin@NetBSD.org Ta Sy sparc64
.It Ta Darrin Jewell Ta Mt dbj@NetBSD.org Ta Sy next68k
.It Ta S\(/oren J\(/orvang Ta Mt soren@NetBSD.org Ta Sy cobalt
.It Ta S\(/oren J\(/orvang Ta Mt soren@NetBSD.org Ta Sy sgimips
.It Ta Wayne Knowles Ta Mt wdk@NetBSD.org Ta Sy mipsco
.It Ta Paul Kranenburg Ta Mt pk@NetBSD.org Ta Sy sparc
.It Ta "Frank van der Linden" Ta Mt fvdl@NetBSD.org Ta Sy i386
.It Ta "Frank van der Linden" Ta Mt fvdl@NetBSD.org Ta Sy amd64
.It Ta Anders Magnusson Ta Mt ragge@NetBSD.org Ta Sy vax
.It Ta Phil Nelson Ta Mt phil@NetBSD.org Ta Sy pc532
.It Ta NISHIMURA Takeshi Ta Mt nsmrtks@NetBSD.org Ta Sy x68k
.It Ta Tohru Nishimura Ta Mt nisimura@NetBSD.org Ta Sy luna68k
.It Ta NONAKA Kimihiro Ta Mt nonaka@NetBSD.org Ta Sy prep
.It Ta Scott Reynolds Ta Mt scottr@NetBSD.org Ta Sy mac68k
.It Ta Andrey Petrov Ta Mt petrov@NetBSD.org Ta Sy sparc64
.It Ta Kazuki Sakamoto Ta Mt sakamoto@NetBSD.org Ta Sy bebox
.It Ta Noriyuki Soda Ta Mt soda@NetBSD.org Ta Sy arc
.It Ta Wolfgang Solfrank Ta Mt ws@NetBSD.org Ta Sy ofppc
.It Ta Ignatios Souvatzis Ta Mt is@NetBSD.org Ta Sy amiga
.It Ta Jonathan Stone Ta Mt jonathan@NetBSD.org Ta Sy pmax
.It Ta Shin Takemura Ta Mt takemura@NetBSD.org Ta Sy hpcmips
.It Ta Jason Thorpe Ta Mt thorpej@NetBSD.org Ta Sy alpha
.It Ta Jason Thorpe Ta Mt thorpej@NetBSD.org Ta Sy hp300
.It Ta Tsubai Masanari Ta Mt tsubai@NetBSD.org Ta Sy macppc
.It Ta Tsubai Masanari Ta Mt tsubai@NetBSD.org Ta Sy newsmips
.It Ta Izumi Tsutsui Ta Mt tsutsui@NetBSD.org Ta Sy news68k
.It Ta Leo Weppelman Ta Mt leo@NetBSD.org Ta Sy atari
.It Ta Nathan Williams Ta Mt nathanw@NetBSD.org Ta Sy sun3
.It Ta Steve Woodford Ta Mt scw@NetBSD.org Ta Sy evbsh5
.It Ta Steve Woodford Ta Mt scw@NetBSD.org Ta Sy mvme68k
.It Ta Steve Woodford Ta Mt scw@NetBSD.org Ta Sy mvmeppc
.It Ta Reinoud Zandijk Ta Mt reinoud@NetBSD.org Ta Sy acorn32
.It Ta Ta
.
.br_ne 1i
.It-span Em "The NetBSD \*V Release Engineering team:"
.It Ta Ta
.It Ta James Chacon Ta Mt jmc@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Erik Berls Ta Mt cyber@NetBSD.org
.It Ta H\(oavard Eidnes Ta Mt he@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Perry Metzger Ta Mt perry@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Luke Mewburn Ta Mt lukem@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jason Thorpe Ta Mt thorpej@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Ta
.
.br_ne 2i
.It-span Em "NetBSD Developers:"
.It Ta Ta
.It Ta Nathan Ahlstrom Ta Mt nra@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Steve Allen Ta Mt wormey@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jukka Andberg Ta Mt jandberg@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Julian Assange Ta Mt proff@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Lennart Augustsson Ta Mt augustss@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Christoph Badura Ta Mt bad@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Bang Jun-Young Ta Mt junyoung@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Dieter Baron Ta Mt dillo@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Robert V. Baron Ta Mt rvb@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Grant Beattie Ta Mt grant@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jason Beegan Ta Mt jtb@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Erik Berls Ta Mt cyber@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Hiroyuki Bessho Ta Mt bsh@NetBSD.org
.It Ta John Birrell Ta Mt jb@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Mason Loring Bliss Ta Mt mason@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Charles Blundell Ta Mt cb@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Rafal Boni Ta Mt rafal@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Manuel Bouyer Ta Mt bouyer@NetBSD.org
.It Ta John Brezak Ta Mt brezak@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Allen Briggs Ta Mt briggs@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Mark Brinicombe Ta Mt mark@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Aaron Brown Ta Mt abrown@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Andrew Brown Ta Mt atatat@NetBSD.org
.It Ta David Brownlee Ta Mt abs@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Frederick Bruckman Ta Mt fredb@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jon Buller Ta Mt jonb@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Simon Burge Ta Mt simonb@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Robert Byrnes Ta Mt byrnes@NetBSD.org
.It Ta D'Arcy J.M. Cain Ta Mt darcy@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Dave Carrel Ta Mt carrel@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Daniel Carosone Ta Mt dan@NetBSD.org
.It Ta James Chacon Ta Mt jmc@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Bill Coldwell Ta Mt billc@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Julian Coleman Ta Mt jdc@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jeremy Cooper Ta Mt jeremy@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Chuck Cranor Ta Mt chuck@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Alistair Crooks Ta Mt agc@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Aidan Cully Ta Mt aidan@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Johan Danielsson Ta Mt joda@NetBSD.org
.It Ta John Darrow Ta Mt jdarrow@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Matt DeBergalis Ta Mt deberg@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Rob Deker Ta Mt deker@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Chris G. Demetriou Ta Mt cgd@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Tracy Di Marco White Ta Mt gendalia@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jarom\('ir Dolecek Ta Mt jdolecek@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Andy Doran Ta Mt ad@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Roland Dowdeswell Ta Mt elric@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Emmanuel Dreyfus Ta Mt manu@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Matthias Drochner Ta Mt drochner@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jun Ebihara Ta Mt jun@NetBSD.org
.It Ta H\(oavard Eidnes Ta Mt he@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Stoned Elipot Ta Mt seb@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Enami Tsugutomo Ta Mt enami@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Bernd Ernesti Ta Mt veego@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Erik Fair Ta Mt fair@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Gavan Fantom Ta Mt gavan@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Hubert Feyrer Ta Mt hubertf@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jason R. Fink Ta Mt jrf@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Matt Fredette Ta Mt fredette@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Thorsten Frueauf Ta Mt frueauf@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Castor Fu Ta Mt castor@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Ichiro Fukuhara Ta Mt ichiro@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Quentin Garnier Ta Mt cube@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Thomas Gerner Ta Mt thomas@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Simon J. Gerraty Ta Mt sjg@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Justin Gibbs Ta Mt gibbs@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Chris Gilbert Ta Mt chris@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Eric Gillespie Ta Mt epg@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Adam Glass Ta Mt glass@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Michael Graff Ta Mt explorer@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Brian C. Grayson Ta Mt bgrayson@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Matthew Green Ta Mt mrg@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Andreas Gustafsson Ta Mt gson@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino Ta Mt itojun@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Juergen Hannken-Illjes Ta Mt hannken@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Charles M. Hannum Ta Mt mycroft@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Ben Harris Ta Mt bjh21@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Ross Harvey Ta Mt ross@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Eric Haszlakiewicz Ta Mt erh@NetBSD.org
.It Ta John Hawkinson Ta Mt jhawk@NetBSD.org
.It Ta HAYAKAWA Koichi Ta Mt haya@NetBSD.org
.It Ta John Heasley Ta Mt heas@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Ren\('e Hexel Ta Mt rh@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Michael L. Hitch Ta Mt mhitch@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Christian E. Hopps Ta Mt chopps@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Ken Hornstein Ta Mt kenh@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Marc Horowitz Ta Mt marc@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Eduardo Horvath Ta Mt eeh@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Nick Hudson Ta Mt skrll@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Shell Hung Ta Mt shell@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Martin Husemann Ta Mt martin@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Dean Huxley Ta Mt dean@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Love H\(:ornquist \(oAstrand Ta Mt lha@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Bernardo Innocenti Ta Mt bernie@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Tetsuya Isaki Ta Mt isaki@NetBSD.org
.It Ta ITOH Yasufumi Ta Mt itohy@NetBSD.org
.It Ta IWAMOTO Toshihiro Ta Mt toshii@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Matthew Jacob Ta Mt mjacob@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Lonhyn T. Jasinskyj Ta Mt lonhyn@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Darrin Jewell Ta Mt dbj@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Chris Jones Ta Mt cjones@NetBSD.org
.It Ta S\(/oren J\(/orvang Ta Mt soren@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Takahiro Kambe Ta Mt taca@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Antti Kantee Ta Mt pooka@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Masanori Kanaoka Ta Mt kanaoka@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Mattias Karlsson Ta Mt keihan@NetBSD.org
.It Ta KAWAMOTO Yosihisa Ta Mt kawamoto@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Mario Kemper Ta Mt magick@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Thomas Klausner Ta Mt wiz@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Klaus Klein Ta Mt kleink@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Wayne Knowles Ta Mt wdk@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Takayoshi Kochi Ta Mt kochi@NetBSD.org
.It Ta John Kohl Ta Mt jtk@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Paul Kranenburg Ta Mt pk@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Martti Kuparinen Ta Mt martti@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Kevin Lahey Ta Mt kml@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Johnny C. Lam Ta Mt jlam@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Martin J. Laubach Ta Mt mjl@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Ted Lemon Ta Mt mellon@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Christian Limpach Ta Mt cl@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Frank van der Linden Ta Mt fvdl@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Joel Lindholm Ta Mt joel@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Mike Long Ta Mt mikel@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Warner Losh Ta Mt imp@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Tomasz Luchowski Ta Mt zuntum@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Federico Lupi Ta Mt federico@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Brett Lymn Ta Mt blymn@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Paul Mackerras Ta Mt paulus@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Anders Magnusson Ta Mt ragge@NetBSD.org
.It Ta MAEKAWA Masahide Ta Mt gehenna@NetBSD.org
.It Ta David Maxwell Ta Mt david@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Dan McMahill Ta Mt dmcmahill@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Gregory McGarry Ta Mt gmcgarry@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jared D. McNeill Ta Mt jmcneill@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Neil J. McRae Ta Mt neil@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Perry Metzger Ta Mt perry@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Juan Romero Pardines Ta Mt xtraeme@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Julio M. Merino Vidal Ta Mt jmmv@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Minoura Makoto Ta Mt minoura@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Luke Mewburn Ta Mt lukem@NetBSD.org
.It Ta der Mouse Ta Mt mouse@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Joseph Myers Ta Mt jsm@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Ken Nakata Ta Mt kenn@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Takeshi Nakayama Ta Mt nakayama@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Phil Nelson Ta Mt phil@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Bob Nestor Ta Mt rnestor@NetBSD.org
.It Ta NISHIMURA Takeshi Ta Mt nsmrtks@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Tohru Nishimura Ta Mt nisimura@NetBSD.org
.It Ta NONAKA Kimihiro Ta Mt nonaka@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jesse Off Ta Mt joff@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Tatoku Ogaito Ta Mt tacha@NetBSD.org
.It Ta OKANO Takayoshi Ta Mt kano@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Masaru Oki Ta Mt oki@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Atsushi Onoe Ta Mt onoe@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Greg Oster Ta Mt oster@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Herb Peyerl Ta Mt hpeyerl@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Matthias Pfaller Ta Mt matthias@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Chris Pinnock Ta Mt cjep@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Dante Profeta Ta Mt dante@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Chris Provenzano Ta Mt proven@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Niels Provos Ta Mt provos@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Michael Rauch Ta Mt mrauch@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Marc Recht Ta Mt recht@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Darren Reed Ta Mt darrenr@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jeremy C. Reed Ta Mt reed@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Tyler R. Retzlaff Ta Mt rtr@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Scott Reynolds Ta Mt scottr@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Michael Richardson Ta Mt mcr@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Tim Rightnour Ta Mt garbled@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Gordon Ross Ta Mt gwr@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Ilpo Ruotsalainen Ta Mt lonewolf@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Heiko W. Rupp Ta Mt hwr@NetBSD.org
.It Ta David Sainty Ta Mt dsainty@NetBSD.org
.It Ta SAITOH Masanobu Ta Mt msaitoh@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Kazuki Sakamoto Ta Mt sakamoto@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Curt Sampson Ta Mt cjs@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Wilfredo Sanchez Ta Mt wsanchez@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Ty Sarna Ta Mt tsarna@NetBSD.org
.It Ta SATO Kazumi Ta Mt sato@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jan Schaumann Ta Mt jschauma@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Matthias Scheler Ta Mt tron@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Karl Schilke (rAT) Ta Mt rat@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Amitai Schlair Ta Mt schmonz@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Konrad Schroder Ta Mt perseant@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Lubomir Sedlacik Ta Mt salo@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Reed Shadgett Ta Mt dent@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Tim Shepard Ta Mt shep@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Takeshi Shibagaki Ta Mt shiba@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Takao Shinohara Ta Mt shin@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Takuya SHIOZAKI Ta Mt tshiozak@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Chuck Silvers Ta Mt chs@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Thor Lancelot Simon Ta Mt tls@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jeff Smith Ta Mt jeffs@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Noriyuki Soda Ta Mt soda@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Wolfgang Solfrank Ta Mt ws@NetBSD.org
.It Ta SOMEYA Yoshihiko Ta Mt someya@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Bill Sommerfeld Ta Mt sommerfeld@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Ignatios Souvatzis Ta Mt is@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Bill Squier Ta Mt groo@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jonathan Stone Ta Mt jonathan@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Bill Studenmund Ta Mt wrstuden@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Kevin Sullivan Ta Mt sullivan@NetBSD.org
.It Ta SUNAGAWA Keiki Ta Mt kei@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Kimmo Suominen Ta Mt kim@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Shin Takemura Ta Mt takemura@NetBSD.org
.It Ta TAMURA Kent Ta Mt kent@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Shin'ichiro TAYA Ta Mt taya@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Matt Thomas Ta Mt matt@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jason Thorpe Ta Mt thorpej@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Christoph Toshok Ta Mt toshok@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Tsubai Masanari Ta Mt tsubai@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Izumi Tsutsui Ta Mt tsutsui@NetBSD.org
.It Ta UCHIYAMA Yasushi Ta Mt uch@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Masao Uebayashi Ta Mt uebayasi@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Shuichiro URATA Ta Mt ur@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Todd Vierling Ta Mt tv@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Aymeric Vincent Ta Mt aymeric@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Paul Vixie Ta Mt vixie@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Krister Walfridsson Ta Mt kristerw@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Lex Wennmacher Ta Mt wennmach@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Leo Weppelman Ta Mt leo@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Assar Westerlund Ta Mt assar@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Todd Whitesel Ta Mt toddpw@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Nathan Williams Ta Mt nathanw@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Rob Windsor Ta Mt windsor@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Dan Winship Ta Mt danw@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jim Wise Ta Mt jwise@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Michael Wolfson Ta Mt mbw@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Steve Woodford Ta Mt scw@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Colin Wood Ta Mt ender@NetBSD.org
.It Ta YAMAMOTO Takashi Ta Mt yamt@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Yuji Yamano Ta Mt yyamano@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Reinoud Zandijk Ta Mt reinoud@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Maria Zevenhoven Ta Mt maria7@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Christos Zoulas Ta Mt christos@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Ta
.
.br_ne 2i
.It-span Em "Other contributors:"
.It Ta Ta
.It Ta Dave Burgess Ta Mt burgess@cynjut.infonet.net
.It Ta Brian R. Gaeke Ta Mt brg@dgate.org
.It Ta Brad Grantham Ta Mt grantham@tenon.com
.It Ta Lawrence Kesteloot Ta Mt kesteloo@cs.unc.edu
.It Ta Waldi Ravens Ta Mt waldi@moacs.indiv.nl.net
.
.El
.
.Ss "Legal Mumbo-Jumbo"
.Pp
.
All product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered
trademarks of their respective owners.
.Pp
The following notices are required to satisfy the license terms of
the software that we have mentioned in this document:
.Pp
.nr save_size \n[.s]
.nr save_vs \n[.v]
.ps 8
.vs 9
.Ht <font size=-1>
.(item -compact
.so ../common/legal.common -----------------------------------------------
.so legal -----------------------------------------------
.item)
.Ht </font>
.ps
.vs
.Ss "The End"