sqlite/src/main.c

/*
** 2001 September 15
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** Main file for the SQLite library.  The routines in this file
** implement the programmer interface to the library.  Routines in
** other files are for internal use by SQLite and should not be
** accessed by users of the library.
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
# include "fts3.h"
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE
# include "rtree.h"
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU
# include "sqliteicu.h"
#endif

#ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
/* IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-46656-45156 The sqlite3_version[] string constant
** contains the text of SQLITE_VERSION macro. 
*/
const char sqlite3_version[] = SQLITE_VERSION;
#endif

/* IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-53536-42575 The sqlite3_libversion() function returns
** a pointer to the to the sqlite3_version[] string constant. 
*/
const char *sqlite3_libversion(void){ return sqlite3_version; }

/* IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-63124-39300 The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns a
** pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
** SQLITE_SOURCE_ID C preprocessor macro. 
*/
const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void){ return SQLITE_SOURCE_ID; }

/* IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-35210-63508 The sqlite3_libversion_number() function
** returns an integer equal to SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER.
*/
int sqlite3_libversion_number(void){ return SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER; }

/* IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-54823-41343 The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns
** zero if and only if SQLite was compiled mutexing code omitted due to
** the SQLITE_THREADSAFE compile-time option being set to 0.
*/
int sqlite3_threadsafe(void){ return SQLITE_THREADSAFE; }

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE)
/*
** If the following function pointer is not NULL and if
** SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE is enabled, then messages describing
** I/O active are written using this function.  These messages
** are intended for debugging activity only.
*/
void (*sqlite3IoTrace)(const char*, ...) = 0;
#endif

/*
** If the following global variable points to a string which is the
** name of a directory, then that directory will be used to store
** temporary files.
**
** See also the "PRAGMA temp_store_directory" SQL command.
*/
char *sqlite3_temp_directory = 0;

/*
** Initialize SQLite.  
**
** This routine must be called to initialize the memory allocation,
** VFS, and mutex subsystems prior to doing any serious work with
** SQLite.  But as long as you do not compile with SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
** this routine will be called automatically by key routines such as
** sqlite3_open().  
**
** This routine is a no-op except on its very first call for the process,
** or for the first call after a call to sqlite3_shutdown.
**
** The first thread to call this routine runs the initialization to
** completion.  If subsequent threads call this routine before the first
** thread has finished the initialization process, then the subsequent
** threads must block until the first thread finishes with the initialization.
**
** The first thread might call this routine recursively.  Recursive
** calls to this routine should not block, of course.  Otherwise the
** initialization process would never complete.
**
** Let X be the first thread to enter this routine.  Let Y be some other
** thread.  Then while the initial invocation of this routine by X is
** incomplete, it is required that:
**
**    *  Calls to this routine from Y must block until the outer-most
**       call by X completes.
**
**    *  Recursive calls to this routine from thread X return immediately
**       without blocking.
*/
int sqlite3_initialize(void){
  sqlite3_mutex *pMaster;                      /* The main static mutex */
  int rc;                                      /* Result code */

#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
  rc = sqlite3_wsd_init(4096, 24);
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
    return rc;
  }
#endif

  /* If SQLite is already completely initialized, then this call
  ** to sqlite3_initialize() should be a no-op.  But the initialization
  ** must be complete.  So isInit must not be set until the very end
  ** of this routine.
  */
  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.isInit ) return SQLITE_OK;

  /* Make sure the mutex subsystem is initialized.  If unable to 
  ** initialize the mutex subsystem, return early with the error.
  ** If the system is so sick that we are unable to allocate a mutex,
  ** there is not much SQLite is going to be able to do.
  **
  ** The mutex subsystem must take care of serializing its own
  ** initialization.
  */
  rc = sqlite3MutexInit();
  if( rc ) return rc;

  /* Initialize the malloc() system and the recursive pInitMutex mutex.
  ** This operation is protected by the STATIC_MASTER mutex.  Note that
  ** MutexAlloc() is called for a static mutex prior to initializing the
  ** malloc subsystem - this implies that the allocation of a static
  ** mutex must not require support from the malloc subsystem.
  */
  pMaster = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pMaster);
  sqlite3GlobalConfig.isMutexInit = 1;
  if( !sqlite3GlobalConfig.isMallocInit ){
    rc = sqlite3MallocInit();
  }
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    sqlite3GlobalConfig.isMallocInit = 1;
    if( !sqlite3GlobalConfig.pInitMutex ){
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.pInitMutex =
           sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);
      if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex && !sqlite3GlobalConfig.pInitMutex ){
        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
      }
    }
  }
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    sqlite3GlobalConfig.nRefInitMutex++;
  }
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pMaster);

  /* If rc is not SQLITE_OK at this point, then either the malloc
  ** subsystem could not be initialized or the system failed to allocate
  ** the pInitMutex mutex. Return an error in either case.  */
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
    return rc;
  }

  /* Do the rest of the initialization under the recursive mutex so
  ** that we will be able to handle recursive calls into
  ** sqlite3_initialize().  The recursive calls normally come through
  ** sqlite3_os_init() when it invokes sqlite3_vfs_register(), but other
  ** recursive calls might also be possible.
  **
  ** IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-00140-37445 SQLite automatically serializes calls
  ** to the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.
  **
  ** The following mutex is what serializes access to the appdef pcache xInit
  ** methods.  The sqlite3_pcache_methods.xInit() all is embedded in the
  ** call to sqlite3PcacheInitialize().
  */
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3GlobalConfig.pInitMutex);
  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.isInit==0 && sqlite3GlobalConfig.inProgress==0 ){
    FuncDefHash *pHash = &GLOBAL(FuncDefHash, sqlite3GlobalFunctions);
    sqlite3GlobalConfig.inProgress = 1;
    memset(pHash, 0, sizeof(sqlite3GlobalFunctions));
    sqlite3RegisterGlobalFunctions();
    if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.isPCacheInit==0 ){
      rc = sqlite3PcacheInitialize();
    }
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.isPCacheInit = 1;
      rc = sqlite3OsInit();
    }
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      sqlite3PCacheBufferSetup( sqlite3GlobalConfig.pPage, 
          sqlite3GlobalConfig.szPage, sqlite3GlobalConfig.nPage);
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.isInit = 1;
    }
    sqlite3GlobalConfig.inProgress = 0;
  }
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3GlobalConfig.pInitMutex);

  /* Go back under the static mutex and clean up the recursive
  ** mutex to prevent a resource leak.
  */
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pMaster);
  sqlite3GlobalConfig.nRefInitMutex--;
  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.nRefInitMutex<=0 ){
    assert( sqlite3GlobalConfig.nRefInitMutex==0 );
    sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3GlobalConfig.pInitMutex);
    sqlite3GlobalConfig.pInitMutex = 0;
  }
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pMaster);

  /* The following is just a sanity check to make sure SQLite has
  ** been compiled correctly.  It is important to run this code, but
  ** we don't want to run it too often and soak up CPU cycles for no
  ** reason.  So we run it once during initialization.
  */
#ifndef NDEBUG
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
  /* This section of code's only "output" is via assert() statements. */
  if ( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    u64 x = (((u64)1)<<63)-1;
    double y;
    assert(sizeof(x)==8);
    assert(sizeof(x)==sizeof(y));
    memcpy(&y, &x, 8);
    assert( sqlite3IsNaN(y) );
  }
#endif
#endif

  return rc;
}

/*
** Undo the effects of sqlite3_initialize().  Must not be called while
** there are outstanding database connections or memory allocations or
** while any part of SQLite is otherwise in use in any thread.  This
** routine is not threadsafe.  But it is safe to invoke this routine
** on when SQLite is already shut down.  If SQLite is already shut down
** when this routine is invoked, then this routine is a harmless no-op.
*/
int sqlite3_shutdown(void){
  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.isInit ){
    sqlite3_os_end();
    sqlite3_reset_auto_extension();
    sqlite3GlobalConfig.isInit = 0;
  }
  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.isPCacheInit ){
    sqlite3PcacheShutdown();
    sqlite3GlobalConfig.isPCacheInit = 0;
  }
  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.isMallocInit ){
    sqlite3MallocEnd();
    sqlite3GlobalConfig.isMallocInit = 0;
  }
  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.isMutexInit ){
    sqlite3MutexEnd();
    sqlite3GlobalConfig.isMutexInit = 0;
  }

  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** This API allows applications to modify the global configuration of
** the SQLite library at run-time.
**
** This routine should only be called when there are no outstanding
** database connections or memory allocations.  This routine is not
** threadsafe.  Failure to heed these warnings can lead to unpredictable
** behavior.
*/
int sqlite3_config(int op, ...){
  va_list ap;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;

  /* sqlite3_config() shall return SQLITE_MISUSE if it is invoked while
  ** the SQLite library is in use. */
  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.isInit ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;

  va_start(ap, op);
  switch( op ){

    /* Mutex configuration options are only available in a threadsafe
    ** compile. 
    */
#if defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE) && SQLITE_THREADSAFE>0
    case SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD: {
      /* Disable all mutexing */
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex = 0;
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.bFullMutex = 0;
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD: {
      /* Disable mutexing of database connections */
      /* Enable mutexing of core data structures */
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex = 1;
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.bFullMutex = 0;
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED: {
      /* Enable all mutexing */
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex = 1;
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.bFullMutex = 1;
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX: {
      /* Specify an alternative mutex implementation */
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.mutex = *va_arg(ap, sqlite3_mutex_methods*);
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX: {
      /* Retrieve the current mutex implementation */
      *va_arg(ap, sqlite3_mutex_methods*) = sqlite3GlobalConfig.mutex;
      break;
    }
#endif


    case SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC: {
      /* Specify an alternative malloc implementation */
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.m = *va_arg(ap, sqlite3_mem_methods*);
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC: {
      /* Retrieve the current malloc() implementation */
      if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xMalloc==0 ) sqlite3MemSetDefault();
      *va_arg(ap, sqlite3_mem_methods*) = sqlite3GlobalConfig.m;
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS: {
      /* Enable or disable the malloc status collection */
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.bMemstat = va_arg(ap, int);
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH: {
      /* Designate a buffer for scratch memory space */
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.pScratch = va_arg(ap, void*);
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.szScratch = va_arg(ap, int);
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.nScratch = va_arg(ap, int);
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: {
      /* Designate a buffer for page cache memory space */
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.pPage = va_arg(ap, void*);
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.szPage = va_arg(ap, int);
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.nPage = va_arg(ap, int);
      break;
    }

    case SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE: {
      /* Specify an alternative page cache implementation */
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache = *va_arg(ap, sqlite3_pcache_methods*);
      break;
    }

    case SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE: {
      if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache.xInit==0 ){
        sqlite3PCacheSetDefault();
      }
      *va_arg(ap, sqlite3_pcache_methods*) = sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache;
      break;
    }

#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5)
    case SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP: {
      /* Designate a buffer for heap memory space */
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.pHeap = va_arg(ap, void*);
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.nHeap = va_arg(ap, int);
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.mnReq = va_arg(ap, int);

      if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.pHeap==0 ){
        /* If the heap pointer is NULL, then restore the malloc implementation
        ** back to NULL pointers too.  This will cause the malloc to go
        ** back to its default implementation when sqlite3_initialize() is
        ** run.
        */
        memset(&sqlite3GlobalConfig.m, 0, sizeof(sqlite3GlobalConfig.m));
      }else{
        /* The heap pointer is not NULL, then install one of the
        ** mem5.c/mem3.c methods. If neither ENABLE_MEMSYS3 nor
        ** ENABLE_MEMSYS5 is defined, return an error.
        */
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
        sqlite3GlobalConfig.m = *sqlite3MemGetMemsys3();
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
        sqlite3GlobalConfig.m = *sqlite3MemGetMemsys5();
#endif
      }
      break;
    }
#endif

    case SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE: {
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.szLookaside = va_arg(ap, int);
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.nLookaside = va_arg(ap, int);
      break;
    }
    
    /* Record a pointer to the logger funcction and its first argument.
    ** The default is NULL.  Logging is disabled if the function pointer is
    ** NULL.
    */
    case SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG: {
      /* MSVC is picky about pulling func ptrs from va lists.
      ** http://support.microsoft.com/kb/47961
      ** sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog = va_arg(ap, void(*)(void*,int,const char*));
      */
      typedef void(*LOGFUNC_t)(void*,int,const char*);
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog = va_arg(ap, LOGFUNC_t);
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.pLogArg = va_arg(ap, void*);
      break;
    }

    default: {
      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
      break;
    }
  }
  va_end(ap);
  return rc;
}

/*
** Set up the lookaside buffers for a database connection.
** Return SQLITE_OK on success.  
** If lookaside is already active, return SQLITE_BUSY.
**
** The sz parameter is the number of bytes in each lookaside slot.
** The cnt parameter is the number of slots.  If pStart is NULL the
** space for the lookaside memory is obtained from sqlite3_malloc().
** If pStart is not NULL then it is sz*cnt bytes of memory to use for
** the lookaside memory.
*/
static int setupLookaside(sqlite3 *db, void *pBuf, int sz, int cnt){
  void *pStart;
  if( db->lookaside.nOut ){
    return SQLITE_BUSY;
  }
  /* Free any existing lookaside buffer for this handle before
  ** allocating a new one so we don't have to have space for 
  ** both at the same time.
  */
  if( db->lookaside.bMalloced ){
    sqlite3_free(db->lookaside.pStart);
  }
  /* The size of a lookaside slot needs to be larger than a pointer
  ** to be useful.
  */
  if( sz<=(int)sizeof(LookasideSlot*) ) sz = 0;
  if( cnt<0 ) cnt = 0;
  if( sz==0 || cnt==0 ){
    sz = 0;
    pStart = 0;
  }else if( pBuf==0 ){
    sz = ROUNDDOWN8(sz); /* IMP: R-33038-09382 */
    sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
    pStart = sqlite3Malloc( sz*cnt );  /* IMP: R-61949-35727 */
    sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
  }else{
    sz = ROUNDDOWN8(sz); /* IMP: R-33038-09382 */
    pStart = pBuf;
  }
  db->lookaside.pStart = pStart;
  db->lookaside.pFree = 0;
  db->lookaside.sz = (u16)sz;
  if( pStart ){
    int i;
    LookasideSlot *p;
    assert( sz > (int)sizeof(LookasideSlot*) );
    p = (LookasideSlot*)pStart;
    for(i=cnt-1; i>=0; i--){
      p->pNext = db->lookaside.pFree;
      db->lookaside.pFree = p;
      p = (LookasideSlot*)&((u8*)p)[sz];
    }
    db->lookaside.pEnd = p;
    db->lookaside.bEnabled = 1;
    db->lookaside.bMalloced = pBuf==0 ?1:0;
  }else{
    db->lookaside.pEnd = 0;
    db->lookaside.bEnabled = 0;
    db->lookaside.bMalloced = 0;
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Return the mutex associated with a database connection.
*/
sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3 *db){
  return db->mutex;
}

/*
** Configuration settings for an individual database connection
*/
int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3 *db, int op, ...){
  va_list ap;
  int rc;
  va_start(ap, op);
  switch( op ){
    case SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE: {
      void *pBuf = va_arg(ap, void*); /* IMP: R-21112-12275 */
      int sz = va_arg(ap, int);       /* IMP: R-47871-25994 */
      int cnt = va_arg(ap, int);      /* IMP: R-04460-53386 */
      rc = setupLookaside(db, pBuf, sz, cnt);
      break;
    }
    default: {
      rc = SQLITE_ERROR; /* IMP: R-42790-23372 */
      break;
    }
  }
  va_end(ap);
  return rc;
}


/*
** Return true if the buffer z[0..n-1] contains all spaces.
*/
static int allSpaces(const char *z, int n){
  while( n>0 && z[n-1]==' ' ){ n--; }
  return n==0;
}

/*
** This is the default collating function named "BINARY" which is always
** available.
**
** If the padFlag argument is not NULL then space padding at the end
** of strings is ignored.  This implements the RTRIM collation.
*/
static int binCollFunc(
  void *padFlag,
  int nKey1, const void *pKey1,
  int nKey2, const void *pKey2
){
  int rc, n;
  n = nKey1<nKey2 ? nKey1 : nKey2;
  rc = memcmp(pKey1, pKey2, n);
  if( rc==0 ){
    if( padFlag
     && allSpaces(((char*)pKey1)+n, nKey1-n)
     && allSpaces(((char*)pKey2)+n, nKey2-n)
    ){
      /* Leave rc unchanged at 0 */
    }else{
      rc = nKey1 - nKey2;
    }
  }
  return rc;
}

/*
** Another built-in collating sequence: NOCASE. 
**
** This collating sequence is intended to be used for "case independant
** comparison". SQLite's knowledge of upper and lower case equivalents
** extends only to the 26 characters used in the English language.
**
** At the moment there is only a UTF-8 implementation.
*/
static int nocaseCollatingFunc(
  void *NotUsed,
  int nKey1, const void *pKey1,
  int nKey2, const void *pKey2
){
  int r = sqlite3StrNICmp(
      (const char *)pKey1, (const char *)pKey2, (nKey1<nKey2)?nKey1:nKey2);
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
  if( 0==r ){
    r = nKey1-nKey2;
  }
  return r;
}

/*
** Return the ROWID of the most recent insert
*/
sqlite_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3 *db){
  return db->lastRowid;
}

/*
** Return the number of changes in the most recent call to sqlite3_exec().
*/
int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3 *db){
  return db->nChange;
}

/*
** Return the number of changes since the database handle was opened.
*/
int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3 *db){
  return db->nTotalChange;
}

/*
** Close all open savepoints. This function only manipulates fields of the
** database handle object, it does not close any savepoints that may be open
** at the b-tree/pager level.
*/
void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *db){
  while( db->pSavepoint ){
    Savepoint *pTmp = db->pSavepoint;
    db->pSavepoint = pTmp->pNext;
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pTmp);
  }
  db->nSavepoint = 0;
  db->nStatement = 0;
  db->isTransactionSavepoint = 0;
}

/*
** Invoke the destructor function associated with FuncDef p, if any. Except,
** if this is not the last copy of the function, do not invoke it. Multiple
** copies of a single function are created when create_function() is called
** with SQLITE_ANY as the encoding.
*/
static void functionDestroy(sqlite3 *db, FuncDef *p){
  FuncDestructor *pDestructor = p->pDestructor;
  if( pDestructor ){
    pDestructor->nRef--;
    if( pDestructor->nRef==0 ){
      pDestructor->xDestroy(pDestructor->pUserData);
      sqlite3DbFree(db, pDestructor);
    }
  }
}

/*
** Close an existing SQLite database
*/
int sqlite3_close(sqlite3 *db){
  HashElem *i;                    /* Hash table iterator */
  int j;

  if( !db ){
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }
  if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(db) ){
    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
  }
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);

  sqlite3ResetInternalSchema(db, 0);

  /* If a transaction is open, the ResetInternalSchema() call above
  ** will not have called the xDisconnect() method on any virtual
  ** tables in the db->aVTrans[] array. The following sqlite3VtabRollback()
  ** call will do so. We need to do this before the check for active
  ** SQL statements below, as the v-table implementation may be storing
  ** some prepared statements internally.
  */
  sqlite3VtabRollback(db);

  /* If there are any outstanding VMs, return SQLITE_BUSY. */
  if( db->pVdbe ){
    sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_BUSY, 
        "unable to close due to unfinalised statements");
    sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
    return SQLITE_BUSY;
  }
  assert( sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(db) );

  for(j=0; j<db->nDb; j++){
    Btree *pBt = db->aDb[j].pBt;
    if( pBt && sqlite3BtreeIsInBackup(pBt) ){
      sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_BUSY, 
          "unable to close due to unfinished backup operation");
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      return SQLITE_BUSY;
    }
  }

  /* Free any outstanding Savepoint structures. */
  sqlite3CloseSavepoints(db);

  for(j=0; j<db->nDb; j++){
    struct Db *pDb = &db->aDb[j];
    if( pDb->pBt ){
      sqlite3BtreeClose(pDb->pBt);
      pDb->pBt = 0;
      if( j!=1 ){
        pDb->pSchema = 0;
      }
    }
  }
  sqlite3ResetInternalSchema(db, 0);

  /* Tell the code in notify.c that the connection no longer holds any
  ** locks and does not require any further unlock-notify callbacks.
  */
  sqlite3ConnectionClosed(db);

  assert( db->nDb<=2 );
  assert( db->aDb==db->aDbStatic );
  for(j=0; j<ArraySize(db->aFunc.a); j++){
    FuncDef *pNext, *pHash, *p;
    for(p=db->aFunc.a[j]; p; p=pHash){
      pHash = p->pHash;
      while( p ){
        functionDestroy(db, p);
        pNext = p->pNext;
        sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
        p = pNext;
      }
    }
  }
  for(i=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aCollSeq); i; i=sqliteHashNext(i)){
    CollSeq *pColl = (CollSeq *)sqliteHashData(i);
    /* Invoke any destructors registered for collation sequence user data. */
    for(j=0; j<3; j++){
      if( pColl[j].xDel ){
        pColl[j].xDel(pColl[j].pUser);
      }
    }
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pColl);
  }
  sqlite3HashClear(&db->aCollSeq);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  for(i=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aModule); i; i=sqliteHashNext(i)){
    Module *pMod = (Module *)sqliteHashData(i);
    if( pMod->xDestroy ){
      pMod->xDestroy(pMod->pAux);
    }
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pMod);
  }
  sqlite3HashClear(&db->aModule);
#endif

  sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_OK, 0); /* Deallocates any cached error strings. */
  if( db->pErr ){
    sqlite3ValueFree(db->pErr);
  }
  sqlite3CloseExtensions(db);

  db->magic = SQLITE_MAGIC_ERROR;

  /* The temp-database schema is allocated differently from the other schema
  ** objects (using sqliteMalloc() directly, instead of sqlite3BtreeSchema()).
  ** So it needs to be freed here. Todo: Why not roll the temp schema into
  ** the same sqliteMalloc() as the one that allocates the database 
  ** structure?
  */
  sqlite3DbFree(db, db->aDb[1].pSchema);
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  db->magic = SQLITE_MAGIC_CLOSED;
  sqlite3_mutex_free(db->mutex);
  assert( db->lookaside.nOut==0 );  /* Fails on a lookaside memory leak */
  if( db->lookaside.bMalloced ){
    sqlite3_free(db->lookaside.pStart);
  }
  sqlite3_free(db);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Rollback all database files.
*/
void sqlite3RollbackAll(sqlite3 *db){
  int i;
  int inTrans = 0;
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
  sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
  for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
    if( db->aDb[i].pBt ){
      if( sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(db->aDb[i].pBt) ){
        inTrans = 1;
      }
      sqlite3BtreeRollback(db->aDb[i].pBt);
      db->aDb[i].inTrans = 0;
    }
  }
  sqlite3VtabRollback(db);
  sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();

  if( db->flags&SQLITE_InternChanges ){
    sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db);
    sqlite3ResetInternalSchema(db, 0);
  }

  /* Any deferred constraint violations have now been resolved. */
  db->nDeferredCons = 0;

  /* If one has been configured, invoke the rollback-hook callback */
  if( db->xRollbackCallback && (inTrans || !db->autoCommit) ){
    db->xRollbackCallback(db->pRollbackArg);
  }
}

/*
** Return a static string that describes the kind of error specified in the
** argument.
*/
const char *sqlite3ErrStr(int rc){
  static const char* const aMsg[] = {
    /* SQLITE_OK          */ "not an error",
    /* SQLITE_ERROR       */ "SQL logic error or missing database",
    /* SQLITE_INTERNAL    */ 0,
    /* SQLITE_PERM        */ "access permission denied",
    /* SQLITE_ABORT       */ "callback requested query abort",
    /* SQLITE_BUSY        */ "database is locked",
    /* SQLITE_LOCKED      */ "database table is locked",
    /* SQLITE_NOMEM       */ "out of memory",
    /* SQLITE_READONLY    */ "attempt to write a readonly database",
    /* SQLITE_INTERRUPT   */ "interrupted",
    /* SQLITE_IOERR       */ "disk I/O error",
    /* SQLITE_CORRUPT     */ "database disk image is malformed",
    /* SQLITE_NOTFOUND    */ 0,
    /* SQLITE_FULL        */ "database or disk is full",
    /* SQLITE_CANTOPEN    */ "unable to open database file",
    /* SQLITE_PROTOCOL    */ "locking protocol",
    /* SQLITE_EMPTY       */ "table contains no data",
    /* SQLITE_SCHEMA      */ "database schema has changed",
    /* SQLITE_TOOBIG      */ "string or blob too big",
    /* SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  */ "constraint failed",
    /* SQLITE_MISMATCH    */ "datatype mismatch",
    /* SQLITE_MISUSE      */ "library routine called out of sequence",
    /* SQLITE_NOLFS       */ "large file support is disabled",
    /* SQLITE_AUTH        */ "authorization denied",
    /* SQLITE_FORMAT      */ "auxiliary database format error",
    /* SQLITE_RANGE       */ "bind or column index out of range",
    /* SQLITE_NOTADB      */ "file is encrypted or is not a database",
  };
  rc &= 0xff;
  if( ALWAYS(rc>=0) && rc<(int)(sizeof(aMsg)/sizeof(aMsg[0])) && aMsg[rc]!=0 ){
    return aMsg[rc];
  }else{
    return "unknown error";
  }
}

/*
** This routine implements a busy callback that sleeps and tries
** again until a timeout value is reached.  The timeout value is
** an integer number of milliseconds passed in as the first
** argument.
*/
static int sqliteDefaultBusyCallback(
 void *ptr,               /* Database connection */
 int count                /* Number of times table has been busy */
){
#if SQLITE_OS_WIN || (defined(HAVE_USLEEP) && HAVE_USLEEP)
  static const u8 delays[] =
     { 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 25,  25,  50,  50, 100 };
  static const u8 totals[] =
     { 0, 1, 3,  8, 18, 33, 53, 78, 103, 128, 178, 228 };
# define NDELAY (sizeof(delays)/sizeof(delays[0]))
  sqlite3 *db = (sqlite3 *)ptr;
  int timeout = db->busyTimeout;
  int delay, prior;

  assert( count>=0 );
  if( count < NDELAY ){
    delay = delays[count];
    prior = totals[count];
  }else{
    delay = delays[NDELAY-1];
    prior = totals[NDELAY-1] + delay*(count-(NDELAY-1));
  }
  if( prior + delay > timeout ){
    delay = timeout - prior;
    if( delay<=0 ) return 0;
  }
  sqlite3OsSleep(db->pVfs, delay*1000);
  return 1;
#else
  sqlite3 *db = (sqlite3 *)ptr;
  int timeout = ((sqlite3 *)ptr)->busyTimeout;
  if( (count+1)*1000 > timeout ){
    return 0;
  }
  sqlite3OsSleep(db->pVfs, 1000000);
  return 1;
#endif
}

/*
** Invoke the given busy handler.
**
** This routine is called when an operation failed with a lock.
** If this routine returns non-zero, the lock is retried.  If it
** returns 0, the operation aborts with an SQLITE_BUSY error.
*/
int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler *p){
  int rc;
  if( NEVER(p==0) || p->xFunc==0 || p->nBusy<0 ) return 0;
  rc = p->xFunc(p->pArg, p->nBusy);
  if( rc==0 ){
    p->nBusy = -1;
  }else{
    p->nBusy++;
  }
  return rc; 
}

/*
** This routine sets the busy callback for an Sqlite database to the
** given callback function with the given argument.
*/
int sqlite3_busy_handler(
  sqlite3 *db,
  int (*xBusy)(void*,int),
  void *pArg
){
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  db->busyHandler.xFunc = xBusy;
  db->busyHandler.pArg = pArg;
  db->busyHandler.nBusy = 0;
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
/*
** This routine sets the progress callback for an Sqlite database to the
** given callback function with the given argument. The progress callback will
** be invoked every nOps opcodes.
*/
void sqlite3_progress_handler(
  sqlite3 *db, 
  int nOps,
  int (*xProgress)(void*), 
  void *pArg
){
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  if( nOps>0 ){
    db->xProgress = xProgress;
    db->nProgressOps = nOps;
    db->pProgressArg = pArg;
  }else{
    db->xProgress = 0;
    db->nProgressOps = 0;
    db->pProgressArg = 0;
  }
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
}
#endif


/*
** This routine installs a default busy handler that waits for the
** specified number of milliseconds before returning 0.
*/
int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3 *db, int ms){
  if( ms>0 ){
    db->busyTimeout = ms;
    sqlite3_busy_handler(db, sqliteDefaultBusyCallback, (void*)db);
  }else{
    sqlite3_busy_handler(db, 0, 0);
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Cause any pending operation to stop at its earliest opportunity.
*/
void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3 *db){
  db->u1.isInterrupted = 1;
}


/*
** This function is exactly the same as sqlite3_create_function(), except
** that it is designed to be called by internal code. The difference is
** that if a malloc() fails in sqlite3_create_function(), an error code
** is returned and the mallocFailed flag cleared. 
*/
int sqlite3CreateFunc(
  sqlite3 *db,
  const char *zFunctionName,
  int nArg,
  int enc,
  void *pUserData,
  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
  FuncDestructor *pDestructor
){
  FuncDef *p;
  int nName;

  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
  if( zFunctionName==0 ||
      (xFunc && (xFinal || xStep)) || 
      (!xFunc && (xFinal && !xStep)) ||
      (!xFunc && (!xFinal && xStep)) ||
      (nArg<-1 || nArg>SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG) ||
      (255<(nName = sqlite3Strlen30( zFunctionName))) ){
    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
  }
  
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
  /* If SQLITE_UTF16 is specified as the encoding type, transform this
  ** to one of SQLITE_UTF16LE or SQLITE_UTF16BE using the
  ** SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE macro. SQLITE_UTF16 is not used internally.
  **
  ** If SQLITE_ANY is specified, add three versions of the function
  ** to the hash table.
  */
  if( enc==SQLITE_UTF16 ){
    enc = SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE;
  }else if( enc==SQLITE_ANY ){
    int rc;
    rc = sqlite3CreateFunc(db, zFunctionName, nArg, SQLITE_UTF8,
         pUserData, xFunc, xStep, xFinal, pDestructor);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      rc = sqlite3CreateFunc(db, zFunctionName, nArg, SQLITE_UTF16LE,
          pUserData, xFunc, xStep, xFinal, pDestructor);
    }
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
      return rc;
    }
    enc = SQLITE_UTF16BE;
  }
#else
  enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
#endif
  
  /* Check if an existing function is being overridden or deleted. If so,
  ** and there are active VMs, then return SQLITE_BUSY. If a function
  ** is being overridden/deleted but there are no active VMs, allow the
  ** operation to continue but invalidate all precompiled statements.
  */
  p = sqlite3FindFunction(db, zFunctionName, nName, nArg, (u8)enc, 0);
  if( p && p->iPrefEnc==enc && p->nArg==nArg ){
    if( db->activeVdbeCnt ){
      sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_BUSY, 
        "unable to delete/modify user-function due to active statements");
      assert( !db->mallocFailed );
      return SQLITE_BUSY;
    }else{
      sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db);
    }
  }

  p = sqlite3FindFunction(db, zFunctionName, nName, nArg, (u8)enc, 1);
  assert(p || db->mallocFailed);
  if( !p ){
    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  }

  /* If an older version of the function with a configured destructor is
  ** being replaced invoke the destructor function here. */
  functionDestroy(db, p);

  if( pDestructor ){
    pDestructor->nRef++;
  }
  p->pDestructor = pDestructor;
  p->flags = 0;
  p->xFunc = xFunc;
  p->xStep = xStep;
  p->xFinalize = xFinal;
  p->pUserData = pUserData;
  p->nArg = (u16)nArg;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Create new user functions.
*/
int sqlite3_create_function(
  sqlite3 *db,
  const char *zFunc,
  int nArg,
  int enc,
  void *p,
  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
){
  return sqlite3_create_function_v2(db, zFunc, nArg, enc, p, xFunc, xStep,
                                    xFinal, 0);
}

int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
  sqlite3 *db,
  const char *zFunc,
  int nArg,
  int enc,
  void *p,
  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
  void (*xDestroy)(void *)
){
  int rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
  FuncDestructor *pArg = 0;
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  if( xDestroy ){
    pArg = (FuncDestructor *)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(FuncDestructor));
    if( !pArg ){
      xDestroy(p);
      goto out;
    }
    pArg->xDestroy = xDestroy;
    pArg->pUserData = p;
  }
  rc = sqlite3CreateFunc(db, zFunc, nArg, enc, p, xFunc, xStep, xFinal, pArg);
  if( pArg && pArg->nRef==0 ){
    assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
    xDestroy(p);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pArg);
  }

 out:
  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  return rc;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
int sqlite3_create_function16(
  sqlite3 *db,
  const void *zFunctionName,
  int nArg,
  int eTextRep,
  void *p,
  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
){
  int rc;
  char *zFunc8;
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  assert( !db->mallocFailed );
  zFunc8 = sqlite3Utf16to8(db, zFunctionName, -1, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE);
  rc = sqlite3CreateFunc(db, zFunc8, nArg, eTextRep, p, xFunc, xStep, xFinal,0);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, zFunc8);
  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  return rc;
}
#endif


/*
** Declare that a function has been overloaded by a virtual table.
**
** If the function already exists as a regular global function, then
** this routine is a no-op.  If the function does not exist, then create
** a new one that always throws a run-time error.  
**
** When virtual tables intend to provide an overloaded function, they
** should call this routine to make sure the global function exists.
** A global function must exist in order for name resolution to work
** properly.
*/
int sqlite3_overload_function(
  sqlite3 *db,
  const char *zName,
  int nArg
){
  int nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
  int rc;
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  if( sqlite3FindFunction(db, zName, nName, nArg, SQLITE_UTF8, 0)==0 ){
    sqlite3CreateFunc(db, zName, nArg, SQLITE_UTF8,
                      0, sqlite3InvalidFunction, 0, 0, 0);
  }
  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, SQLITE_OK);
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  return rc;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
/*
** Register a trace function.  The pArg from the previously registered trace
** is returned.  
**
** A NULL trace function means that no tracing is executes.  A non-NULL
** trace is a pointer to a function that is invoked at the start of each
** SQL statement.
*/
void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3 *db, void (*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void *pArg){
  void *pOld;
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  pOld = db->pTraceArg;
  db->xTrace = xTrace;
  db->pTraceArg = pArg;
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  return pOld;
}
/*
** Register a profile function.  The pArg from the previously registered 
** profile function is returned.  
**
** A NULL profile function means that no profiling is executes.  A non-NULL
** profile is a pointer to a function that is invoked at the conclusion of
** each SQL statement that is run.
*/
void *sqlite3_profile(
  sqlite3 *db,
  void (*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite_uint64),
  void *pArg
){
  void *pOld;
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  pOld = db->pProfileArg;
  db->xProfile = xProfile;
  db->pProfileArg = pArg;
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  return pOld;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE */

/*** EXPERIMENTAL ***
**
** Register a function to be invoked when a transaction comments.
** If the invoked function returns non-zero, then the commit becomes a
** rollback.
*/
void *sqlite3_commit_hook(
  sqlite3 *db,              /* Attach the hook to this database */
  int (*xCallback)(void*),  /* Function to invoke on each commit */
  void *pArg                /* Argument to the function */
){
  void *pOld;
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  pOld = db->pCommitArg;
  db->xCommitCallback = xCallback;
  db->pCommitArg = pArg;
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  return pOld;
}

/*
** Register a callback to be invoked each time a row is updated,
** inserted or deleted using this database connection.
*/
void *sqlite3_update_hook(
  sqlite3 *db,              /* Attach the hook to this database */
  void (*xCallback)(void*,int,char const *,char const *,sqlite_int64),
  void *pArg                /* Argument to the function */
){
  void *pRet;
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  pRet = db->pUpdateArg;
  db->xUpdateCallback = xCallback;
  db->pUpdateArg = pArg;
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  return pRet;
}

/*
** Register a callback to be invoked each time a transaction is rolled
** back by this database connection.
*/
void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(
  sqlite3 *db,              /* Attach the hook to this database */
  void (*xCallback)(void*), /* Callback function */
  void *pArg                /* Argument to the function */
){
  void *pRet;
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  pRet = db->pRollbackArg;
  db->xRollbackCallback = xCallback;
  db->pRollbackArg = pArg;
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  return pRet;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
/*
** The sqlite3_wal_hook() callback registered by sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint().
** Invoke sqlite3_wal_checkpoint if the number of frames in the log file
** is greater than sqlite3.pWalArg cast to an integer (the value configured by
** wal_autocheckpoint()).
*/ 
int sqlite3WalDefaultHook(
  void *pClientData,     /* Argument */
  sqlite3 *db,           /* Connection */
  const char *zDb,       /* Database */
  int nFrame             /* Size of WAL */
){
  if( nFrame>=SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(pClientData) ){
    sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
    sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(db, zDb);
    sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_WAL */

/*
** Configure an sqlite3_wal_hook() callback to automatically checkpoint
** a database after committing a transaction if there are nFrame or
** more frames in the log file. Passing zero or a negative value as the
** nFrame parameter disables automatic checkpoints entirely.
**
** The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
** registered using sqlite3_wal_hook(). Likewise, registering a callback
** using sqlite3_wal_hook() disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
** configured by this function.
*/
int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int nFrame){
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(db);
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nFrame);
#else
  if( nFrame>0 ){
    sqlite3_wal_hook(db, sqlite3WalDefaultHook, SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(nFrame));
  }else{
    sqlite3_wal_hook(db, 0, 0);
  }
#endif
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Register a callback to be invoked each time a transaction is written
** into the write-ahead-log by this database connection.
*/
void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Attach the hook to this db handle */
  int(*xCallback)(void *, sqlite3*, const char*, int),
  void *pArg                      /* First argument passed to xCallback() */
){
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
  void *pRet;
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  pRet = db->pWalArg;
  db->xWalCallback = xCallback;
  db->pWalArg = pArg;
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  return pRet;
#else
  return 0;
#endif
}


/*
** Checkpoint database zDb. If zDb is NULL, or if the buffer zDb points
** to contains a zero-length string, all attached databases are 
** checkpointed.
*/
int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb){
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
  return SQLITE_OK;
#else
  int rc;                         /* Return code */
  int iDb = SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED;  /* sqlite3.aDb[] index of db to checkpoint */

  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  if( zDb && zDb[0] ){
    iDb = sqlite3FindDbName(db, zDb);
  }
  if( iDb<0 ){
    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
    sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_ERROR, "unknown database: %s", zDb);
  }else{
    rc = sqlite3Checkpoint(db, iDb);
    sqlite3Error(db, rc, 0);
  }
  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  return rc;
#endif
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
/*
** Run a checkpoint on database iDb. This is a no-op if database iDb is
** not currently open in WAL mode.
**
** If a transaction is open on the database being checkpointed, this 
** function returns SQLITE_LOCKED and a checkpoint is not attempted. If 
** an error occurs while running the checkpoint, an SQLite error code is 
** returned (i.e. SQLITE_IOERR). Otherwise, SQLITE_OK.
**
** The mutex on database handle db should be held by the caller. The mutex
** associated with the specific b-tree being checkpointed is taken by
** this function while the checkpoint is running.
**
** If iDb is passed SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED, then all attached databases are
** checkpointed. If an error is encountered it is returned immediately -
** no attempt is made to checkpoint any remaining databases.
*/
int sqlite3Checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, int iDb){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
  int i;                          /* Used to iterate through attached dbs */

  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );

  for(i=0; i<db->nDb && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
    if( i==iDb || iDb==SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED ){
      rc = sqlite3BtreeCheckpoint(db->aDb[i].pBt);
    }
  }

  return rc;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_WAL */

/*
** This function returns true if main-memory should be used instead of
** a temporary file for transient pager files and statement journals.
** The value returned depends on the value of db->temp_store (runtime
** parameter) and the compile time value of SQLITE_TEMP_STORE. The
** following table describes the relationship between these two values
** and this functions return value.
**
**   SQLITE_TEMP_STORE     db->temp_store     Location of temporary database
**   -----------------     --------------     ------------------------------
**   0                     any                file      (return 0)
**   1                     1                  file      (return 0)
**   1                     2                  memory    (return 1)
**   1                     0                  file      (return 0)
**   2                     1                  file      (return 0)
**   2                     2                  memory    (return 1)
**   2                     0                  memory    (return 1)
**   3                     any                memory    (return 1)
*/
int sqlite3TempInMemory(const sqlite3 *db){
#if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==1
  return ( db->temp_store==2 );
#endif
#if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==2
  return ( db->temp_store!=1 );
#endif
#if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==3
  return 1;
#endif
#if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE<1 || SQLITE_TEMP_STORE>3
  return 0;
#endif
}

/*
** Return UTF-8 encoded English language explanation of the most recent
** error.
*/
const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3 *db){
  const char *z;
  if( !db ){
    return sqlite3ErrStr(SQLITE_NOMEM);
  }
  if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(db) ){
    return sqlite3ErrStr(SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT);
  }
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  if( db->mallocFailed ){
    z = sqlite3ErrStr(SQLITE_NOMEM);
  }else{
    z = (char*)sqlite3_value_text(db->pErr);
    assert( !db->mallocFailed );
    if( z==0 ){
      z = sqlite3ErrStr(db->errCode);
    }
  }
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  return z;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
/*
** Return UTF-16 encoded English language explanation of the most recent
** error.
*/
const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3 *db){
  static const u16 outOfMem[] = {
    'o', 'u', 't', ' ', 'o', 'f', ' ', 'm', 'e', 'm', 'o', 'r', 'y', 0
  };
  static const u16 misuse[] = {
    'l', 'i', 'b', 'r', 'a', 'r', 'y', ' ', 
    'r', 'o', 'u', 't', 'i', 'n', 'e', ' ', 
    'c', 'a', 'l', 'l', 'e', 'd', ' ', 
    'o', 'u', 't', ' ', 
    'o', 'f', ' ', 
    's', 'e', 'q', 'u', 'e', 'n', 'c', 'e', 0
  };

  const void *z;
  if( !db ){
    return (void *)outOfMem;
  }
  if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(db) ){
    return (void *)misuse;
  }
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  if( db->mallocFailed ){
    z = (void *)outOfMem;
  }else{
    z = sqlite3_value_text16(db->pErr);
    if( z==0 ){
      sqlite3ValueSetStr(db->pErr, -1, sqlite3ErrStr(db->errCode),
           SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_STATIC);
      z = sqlite3_value_text16(db->pErr);
    }
    /* A malloc() may have failed within the call to sqlite3_value_text16()
    ** above. If this is the case, then the db->mallocFailed flag needs to
    ** be cleared before returning. Do this directly, instead of via
    ** sqlite3ApiExit(), to avoid setting the database handle error message.
    */
    db->mallocFailed = 0;
  }
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  return z;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */

/*
** Return the most recent error code generated by an SQLite routine. If NULL is
** passed to this function, we assume a malloc() failed during sqlite3_open().
*/
int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db){
  if( db && !sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(db) ){
    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
  }
  if( !db || db->mallocFailed ){
    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  }
  return db->errCode & db->errMask;
}
int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db){
  if( db && !sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(db) ){
    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
  }
  if( !db || db->mallocFailed ){
    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  }
  return db->errCode;
}

/*
** Create a new collating function for database "db".  The name is zName
** and the encoding is enc.
*/
static int createCollation(
  sqlite3* db,
  const char *zName, 
  u8 enc,
  u8 collType,
  void* pCtx,
  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
  void(*xDel)(void*)
){
  CollSeq *pColl;
  int enc2;
  int nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
  
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );

  /* If SQLITE_UTF16 is specified as the encoding type, transform this
  ** to one of SQLITE_UTF16LE or SQLITE_UTF16BE using the
  ** SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE macro. SQLITE_UTF16 is not used internally.
  */
  enc2 = enc;
  testcase( enc2==SQLITE_UTF16 );
  testcase( enc2==SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED );
  if( enc2==SQLITE_UTF16 || enc2==SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED ){
    enc2 = SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE;
  }
  if( enc2<SQLITE_UTF8 || enc2>SQLITE_UTF16BE ){
    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
  }

  /* Check if this call is removing or replacing an existing collation 
  ** sequence. If so, and there are active VMs, return busy. If there
  ** are no active VMs, invalidate any pre-compiled statements.
  */
  pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, (u8)enc2, zName, 0);
  if( pColl && pColl->xCmp ){
    if( db->activeVdbeCnt ){
      sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_BUSY, 
        "unable to delete/modify collation sequence due to active statements");
      return SQLITE_BUSY;
    }
    sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db);

    /* If collation sequence pColl was created directly by a call to
    ** sqlite3_create_collation, and not generated by synthCollSeq(),
    ** then any copies made by synthCollSeq() need to be invalidated.
    ** Also, collation destructor - CollSeq.xDel() - function may need
    ** to be called.
    */ 
    if( (pColl->enc & ~SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED)==enc2 ){
      CollSeq *aColl = sqlite3HashFind(&db->aCollSeq, zName, nName);
      int j;
      for(j=0; j<3; j++){
        CollSeq *p = &aColl[j];
        if( p->enc==pColl->enc ){
          if( p->xDel ){
            p->xDel(p->pUser);
          }
          p->xCmp = 0;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, (u8)enc2, zName, 1);
  if( pColl==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  pColl->xCmp = xCompare;
  pColl->pUser = pCtx;
  pColl->xDel = xDel;
  pColl->enc = (u8)(enc2 | (enc & SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED));
  pColl->type = collType;
  sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_OK, 0);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}


/*
** This array defines hard upper bounds on limit values.  The
** initializer must be kept in sync with the SQLITE_LIMIT_*
** #defines in sqlite3.h.
*/
static const int aHardLimit[] = {
  SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH,
  SQLITE_MAX_SQL_LENGTH,
  SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN,
  SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH,
  SQLITE_MAX_COMPOUND_SELECT,
  SQLITE_MAX_VDBE_OP,
  SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG,
  SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED,
  SQLITE_MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH,
  SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER,
  SQLITE_MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH,
};

/*
** Make sure the hard limits are set to reasonable values
*/
#if SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH<100
# error SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH must be at least 100
#endif
#if SQLITE_MAX_SQL_LENGTH<100
# error SQLITE_MAX_SQL_LENGTH must be at least 100
#endif
#if SQLITE_MAX_SQL_LENGTH>SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH
# error SQLITE_MAX_SQL_LENGTH must not be greater than SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH
#endif
#if SQLITE_MAX_COMPOUND_SELECT<2
# error SQLITE_MAX_COMPOUND_SELECT must be at least 2
#endif
#if SQLITE_MAX_VDBE_OP<40
# error SQLITE_MAX_VDBE_OP must be at least 40
#endif
#if SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG<0 || SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG>1000
# error SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG must be between 0 and 1000
#endif
#if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED<0 || SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
# error SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED must be between 0 and 30
#endif
#if SQLITE_MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH<1
# error SQLITE_MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH must be at least 1
#endif
#if SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN>32767
# error SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN must not exceed 32767
#endif
#if SQLITE_MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH<1
# error SQLITE_MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH must be at least 1
#endif


/*
** Change the value of a limit.  Report the old value.
** If an invalid limit index is supplied, report -1.
** Make no changes but still report the old value if the
** new limit is negative.
**
** A new lower limit does not shrink existing constructs.
** It merely prevents new constructs that exceed the limit
** from forming.
*/
int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3 *db, int limitId, int newLimit){
  int oldLimit;


  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-30189-54097 For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_NAME
  ** there is a hard upper bound set at compile-time by a C preprocessor
  ** macro called SQLITE_MAX_NAME. (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to
  ** "_MAX_".)
  */
  assert( aHardLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]==SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH );
  assert( aHardLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]==SQLITE_MAX_SQL_LENGTH );
  assert( aHardLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]==SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN );
  assert( aHardLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]==SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH );
  assert( aHardLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]==SQLITE_MAX_COMPOUND_SELECT);
  assert( aHardLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]==SQLITE_MAX_VDBE_OP );
  assert( aHardLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]==SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG );
  assert( aHardLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]==SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED );
  assert( aHardLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]==
                                               SQLITE_MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH );
  assert( aHardLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]==SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER);
  assert( aHardLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]==SQLITE_MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH );
  assert( SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH==(SQLITE_N_LIMIT-1) );


  if( limitId<0 || limitId>=SQLITE_N_LIMIT ){
    return -1;
  }
  oldLimit = db->aLimit[limitId];
  if( newLimit>=0 ){                   /* IMP: R-52476-28732 */
    if( newLimit>aHardLimit[limitId] ){
      newLimit = aHardLimit[limitId];  /* IMP: R-51463-25634 */
    }
    db->aLimit[limitId] = newLimit;
  }
  return oldLimit;                     /* IMP: R-53341-35419 */
}

/*
** This routine does the work of opening a database on behalf of
** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16(). The database filename "zFilename"  
** is UTF-8 encoded.
*/
static int openDatabase(
  const char *zFilename, /* Database filename UTF-8 encoded */
  sqlite3 **ppDb,        /* OUT: Returned database handle */
  unsigned flags,        /* Operational flags */
  const char *zVfs       /* Name of the VFS to use */
){
  sqlite3 *db;
  int rc;
  int isThreadsafe;

  *ppDb = 0;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
  rc = sqlite3_initialize();
  if( rc ) return rc;
#endif

  /* Only allow sensible combinations of bits in the flags argument.  
  ** Throw an error if any non-sense combination is used.  If we
  ** do not block illegal combinations here, it could trigger
  ** assert() statements in deeper layers.  Sensible combinations
  ** are:
  **
  **  1:  SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY
  **  2:  SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE
  **  6:  SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE
  */
  assert( SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY  == 0x01 );
  assert( SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE == 0x02 );
  assert( SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE    == 0x04 );
  testcase( (1<<(flags&7))==0x02 ); /* READONLY */
  testcase( (1<<(flags&7))==0x04 ); /* READWRITE */
  testcase( (1<<(flags&7))==0x40 ); /* READWRITE | CREATE */
  if( ((1<<(flags&7)) & 0x46)==0 ) return SQLITE_MISUSE;

  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex==0 ){
    isThreadsafe = 0;
  }else if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX ){
    isThreadsafe = 0;
  }else if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX ){
    isThreadsafe = 1;
  }else{
    isThreadsafe = sqlite3GlobalConfig.bFullMutex;
  }
  if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE ){
    flags &= ~SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE;
  }else if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.sharedCacheEnabled ){
    flags |= SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE;
  }

  /* Remove harmful bits from the flags parameter
  **
  ** The SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX and SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX flags were
  ** dealt with in the previous code block.  Besides these, the only
  ** valid input flags for sqlite3_open_v2() are SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY,
  ** SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE, and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  Silently mask
  ** off all other flags.
  */
  flags &=  ~( SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE |
               SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE |
               SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB |
               SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB | 
               SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB | 
               SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL | 
               SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL | 
               SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL | 
               SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL |
               SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX |
               SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX |
               SQLITE_OPEN_WAL
             );

  /* Allocate the sqlite data structure */
  db = sqlite3MallocZero( sizeof(sqlite3) );
  if( db==0 ) goto opendb_out;
  if( isThreadsafe ){
    db->mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);
    if( db->mutex==0 ){
      sqlite3_free(db);
      db = 0;
      goto opendb_out;
    }
  }
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  db->errMask = 0xff;
  db->nDb = 2;
  db->magic = SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY;
  db->aDb = db->aDbStatic;

  assert( sizeof(db->aLimit)==sizeof(aHardLimit) );
  memcpy(db->aLimit, aHardLimit, sizeof(db->aLimit));
  db->autoCommit = 1;
  db->nextAutovac = -1;
  db->nextPagesize = 0;
  db->flags |= SQLITE_ShortColNames | SQLITE_AutoIndex
#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT<4
                 | SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION
                 | SQLITE_LoadExtension
#endif
#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS
                 | SQLITE_RecTriggers
#endif
#if defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_FOREIGN_KEYS) && SQLITE_DEFAULT_FOREIGN_KEYS
                 | SQLITE_ForeignKeys
#endif
      ;
  sqlite3HashInit(&db->aCollSeq);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  sqlite3HashInit(&db->aModule);
#endif

  db->pVfs = sqlite3_vfs_find(zVfs);
  if( !db->pVfs ){
    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
    sqlite3Error(db, rc, "no such vfs: %s", zVfs);
    goto opendb_out;
  }

  /* Add the default collation sequence BINARY. BINARY works for both UTF-8
  ** and UTF-16, so add a version for each to avoid any unnecessary
  ** conversions. The only error that can occur here is a malloc() failure.
  */
  createCollation(db, "BINARY", SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_COLL_BINARY, 0,
                  binCollFunc, 0);
  createCollation(db, "BINARY", SQLITE_UTF16BE, SQLITE_COLL_BINARY, 0,
                  binCollFunc, 0);
  createCollation(db, "BINARY", SQLITE_UTF16LE, SQLITE_COLL_BINARY, 0,
                  binCollFunc, 0);
  createCollation(db, "RTRIM", SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_COLL_USER, (void*)1,
                  binCollFunc, 0);
  if( db->mallocFailed ){
    goto opendb_out;
  }
  db->pDfltColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, SQLITE_UTF8, "BINARY", 0);
  assert( db->pDfltColl!=0 );

  /* Also add a UTF-8 case-insensitive collation sequence. */
  createCollation(db, "NOCASE", SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_COLL_NOCASE, 0,
                  nocaseCollatingFunc, 0);

  /* Open the backend database driver */
  db->openFlags = flags;
  rc = sqlite3BtreeOpen(zFilename, db, &db->aDb[0].pBt, 0,
                        flags | SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB);
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
    if( rc==SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ){
      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
    }
    sqlite3Error(db, rc, 0);
    goto opendb_out;
  }
  db->aDb[0].pSchema = sqlite3SchemaGet(db, db->aDb[0].pBt);
  db->aDb[1].pSchema = sqlite3SchemaGet(db, 0);


  /* The default safety_level for the main database is 'full'; for the temp
  ** database it is 'NONE'. This matches the pager layer defaults.  
  */
  db->aDb[0].zName = "main";
  db->aDb[0].safety_level = 3;
  db->aDb[1].zName = "temp";
  db->aDb[1].safety_level = 1;

  db->magic = SQLITE_MAGIC_OPEN;
  if( db->mallocFailed ){
    goto opendb_out;
  }

  /* Register all built-in functions, but do not attempt to read the
  ** database schema yet. This is delayed until the first time the database
  ** is accessed.
  */
  sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_OK, 0);
  sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(db);

  /* Load automatic extensions - extensions that have been registered
  ** using the sqlite3_automatic_extension() API.
  */
  sqlite3AutoLoadExtensions(db);
  rc = sqlite3_errcode(db);
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
    goto opendb_out;
  }

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS1
  if( !db->mallocFailed ){
    extern int sqlite3Fts1Init(sqlite3*);
    rc = sqlite3Fts1Init(db);
  }
#endif

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS2
  if( !db->mallocFailed && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    extern int sqlite3Fts2Init(sqlite3*);
    rc = sqlite3Fts2Init(db);
  }
#endif

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
  if( !db->mallocFailed && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    rc = sqlite3Fts3Init(db);
  }
#endif

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU
  if( !db->mallocFailed && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    rc = sqlite3IcuInit(db);
  }
#endif

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE
  if( !db->mallocFailed && rc==SQLITE_OK){
    rc = sqlite3RtreeInit(db);
  }
#endif

  sqlite3Error(db, rc, 0);

  /* -DSQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE=1 makes EXCLUSIVE the default locking
  ** mode.  -DSQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE=0 make NORMAL the default locking
  ** mode.  Doing nothing at all also makes NORMAL the default.
  */
#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE
  db->dfltLockMode = SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE;
  sqlite3PagerLockingMode(sqlite3BtreePager(db->aDb[0].pBt),
                          SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE);
#endif

  /* Enable the lookaside-malloc subsystem */
  setupLookaside(db, 0, sqlite3GlobalConfig.szLookaside,
                        sqlite3GlobalConfig.nLookaside);

  sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(db, SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT);

opendb_out:
  if( db ){
    assert( db->mutex!=0 || isThreadsafe==0 || sqlite3GlobalConfig.bFullMutex==0 );
    sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  }
  rc = sqlite3_errcode(db);
  if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
    sqlite3_close(db);
    db = 0;
  }else if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
    db->magic = SQLITE_MAGIC_SICK;
  }
  *ppDb = db;
  return sqlite3ApiExit(0, rc);
}

/*
** Open a new database handle.
*/
int sqlite3_open(
  const char *zFilename, 
  sqlite3 **ppDb 
){
  return openDatabase(zFilename, ppDb,
                      SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, 0);
}
int sqlite3_open_v2(
  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
  int flags,              /* Flags */
  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
){
  return openDatabase(filename, ppDb, flags, zVfs);
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
/*
** Open a new database handle.
*/
int sqlite3_open16(
  const void *zFilename, 
  sqlite3 **ppDb
){
  char const *zFilename8;   /* zFilename encoded in UTF-8 instead of UTF-16 */
  sqlite3_value *pVal;
  int rc;

  assert( zFilename );
  assert( ppDb );
  *ppDb = 0;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
  rc = sqlite3_initialize();
  if( rc ) return rc;
#endif
  pVal = sqlite3ValueNew(0);
  sqlite3ValueSetStr(pVal, -1, zFilename, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE, SQLITE_STATIC);
  zFilename8 = sqlite3ValueText(pVal, SQLITE_UTF8);
  if( zFilename8 ){
    rc = openDatabase(zFilename8, ppDb,
                      SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, 0);
    assert( *ppDb || rc==SQLITE_NOMEM );
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && !DbHasProperty(*ppDb, 0, DB_SchemaLoaded) ){
      ENC(*ppDb) = SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE;
    }
  }else{
    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
  }
  sqlite3ValueFree(pVal);

  return sqlite3ApiExit(0, rc);
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */

/*
** Register a new collation sequence with the database handle db.
*/
int sqlite3_create_collation(
  sqlite3* db, 
  const char *zName, 
  int enc, 
  void* pCtx,
  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
){
  int rc;
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  assert( !db->mallocFailed );
  rc = createCollation(db, zName, (u8)enc, SQLITE_COLL_USER, pCtx, xCompare, 0);
  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  return rc;
}

/*
** Register a new collation sequence with the database handle db.
*/
int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
  sqlite3* db, 
  const char *zName, 
  int enc, 
  void* pCtx,
  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
  void(*xDel)(void*)
){
  int rc;
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  assert( !db->mallocFailed );
  rc = createCollation(db, zName, (u8)enc, SQLITE_COLL_USER, pCtx, xCompare, xDel);
  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  return rc;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
/*
** Register a new collation sequence with the database handle db.
*/
int sqlite3_create_collation16(
  sqlite3* db, 
  const void *zName,
  int enc, 
  void* pCtx,
  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  char *zName8;
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  assert( !db->mallocFailed );
  zName8 = sqlite3Utf16to8(db, zName, -1, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE);
  if( zName8 ){
    rc = createCollation(db, zName8, (u8)enc, SQLITE_COLL_USER, pCtx, xCompare, 0);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, zName8);
  }
  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  return rc;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */

/*
** Register a collation sequence factory callback with the database handle
** db. Replace any previously installed collation sequence factory.
*/
int sqlite3_collation_needed(
  sqlite3 *db, 
  void *pCollNeededArg, 
  void(*xCollNeeded)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
){
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  db->xCollNeeded = xCollNeeded;
  db->xCollNeeded16 = 0;
  db->pCollNeededArg = pCollNeededArg;
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
/*
** Register a collation sequence factory callback with the database handle
** db. Replace any previously installed collation sequence factory.
*/
int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
  sqlite3 *db, 
  void *pCollNeededArg, 
  void(*xCollNeeded16)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
){
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  db->xCollNeeded = 0;
  db->xCollNeeded16 = xCollNeeded16;
  db->pCollNeededArg = pCollNeededArg;
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
/*
** This function is now an anachronism. It used to be used to recover from a
** malloc() failure, but SQLite now does this automatically.
*/
int sqlite3_global_recover(void){
  return SQLITE_OK;
}
#endif

/*
** Test to see whether or not the database connection is in autocommit
** mode.  Return TRUE if it is and FALSE if not.  Autocommit mode is on
** by default.  Autocommit is disabled by a BEGIN statement and reenabled
** by the next COMMIT or ROLLBACK.
**
******* THIS IS AN EXPERIMENTAL API AND IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE ******
*/
int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3 *db){
  return db->autoCommit;
}

/*
** The following routines are subtitutes for constants SQLITE_CORRUPT,
** SQLITE_MISUSE, SQLITE_CANTOPEN, SQLITE_IOERR and possibly other error
** constants.  They server two purposes:
**
**   1.  Serve as a convenient place to set a breakpoint in a debugger
**       to detect when version error conditions occurs.
**
**   2.  Invoke sqlite3_log() to provide the source code location where
**       a low-level error is first detected.
*/
int sqlite3CorruptError(int lineno){
  testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
  sqlite3_log(SQLITE_CORRUPT,
              "database corruption at line %d of [%.10s]",
              lineno, 20+sqlite3_sourceid());
  return SQLITE_CORRUPT;
}
int sqlite3MisuseError(int lineno){
  testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
  sqlite3_log(SQLITE_MISUSE, 
              "misuse at line %d of [%.10s]",
              lineno, 20+sqlite3_sourceid());
  return SQLITE_MISUSE;
}
int sqlite3CantopenError(int lineno){
  testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
  sqlite3_log(SQLITE_CANTOPEN, 
              "cannot open file at line %d of [%.10s]",
              lineno, 20+sqlite3_sourceid());
  return SQLITE_CANTOPEN;
}


#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
/*
** This is a convenience routine that makes sure that all thread-specific
** data for this thread has been deallocated.
**
** SQLite no longer uses thread-specific data so this routine is now a
** no-op.  It is retained for historical compatibility.
*/
void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void){
}
#endif

/*
** Return meta information about a specific column of a database table.
** See comment in sqlite3.h (sqlite.h.in) for details.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
){
  int rc;
  char *zErrMsg = 0;
  Table *pTab = 0;
  Column *pCol = 0;
  int iCol;

  char const *zDataType = 0;
  char const *zCollSeq = 0;
  int notnull = 0;
  int primarykey = 0;
  int autoinc = 0;

  /* Ensure the database schema has been loaded */
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
  rc = sqlite3Init(db, &zErrMsg);
  if( SQLITE_OK!=rc ){
    goto error_out;
  }

  /* Locate the table in question */
  pTab = sqlite3FindTable(db, zTableName, zDbName);
  if( !pTab || pTab->pSelect ){
    pTab = 0;
    goto error_out;
  }

  /* Find the column for which info is requested */
  if( sqlite3IsRowid(zColumnName) ){
    iCol = pTab->iPKey;
    if( iCol>=0 ){
      pCol = &pTab->aCol[iCol];
    }
  }else{
    for(iCol=0; iCol<pTab->nCol; iCol++){
      pCol = &pTab->aCol[iCol];
      if( 0==sqlite3StrICmp(pCol->zName, zColumnName) ){
        break;
      }
    }
    if( iCol==pTab->nCol ){
      pTab = 0;
      goto error_out;
    }
  }

  /* The following block stores the meta information that will be returned
  ** to the caller in local variables zDataType, zCollSeq, notnull, primarykey
  ** and autoinc. At this point there are two possibilities:
  ** 
  **     1. The specified column name was rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" 
  **        and there is no explicitly declared IPK column. 
  **
  **     2. The table is not a view and the column name identified an 
  **        explicitly declared column. Copy meta information from *pCol.
  */ 
  if( pCol ){
    zDataType = pCol->zType;
    zCollSeq = pCol->zColl;
    notnull = pCol->notNull!=0;
    primarykey  = pCol->isPrimKey!=0;
    autoinc = pTab->iPKey==iCol && (pTab->tabFlags & TF_Autoincrement)!=0;
  }else{
    zDataType = "INTEGER";
    primarykey = 1;
  }
  if( !zCollSeq ){
    zCollSeq = "BINARY";
  }

error_out:
  sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);

  /* Whether the function call succeeded or failed, set the output parameters
  ** to whatever their local counterparts contain. If an error did occur,
  ** this has the effect of zeroing all output parameters.
  */
  if( pzDataType ) *pzDataType = zDataType;
  if( pzCollSeq ) *pzCollSeq = zCollSeq;
  if( pNotNull ) *pNotNull = notnull;
  if( pPrimaryKey ) *pPrimaryKey = primarykey;
  if( pAutoinc ) *pAutoinc = autoinc;

  if( SQLITE_OK==rc && !pTab ){
    sqlite3DbFree(db, zErrMsg);
    zErrMsg = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "no such table column: %s.%s", zTableName,
        zColumnName);
    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
  }
  sqlite3Error(db, rc, (zErrMsg?"%s":0), zErrMsg);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, zErrMsg);
  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  return rc;
}
#endif

/*
** Sleep for a little while.  Return the amount of time slept.
*/
int sqlite3_sleep(int ms){
  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;
  int rc;
  pVfs = sqlite3_vfs_find(0);
  if( pVfs==0 ) return 0;

  /* This function works in milliseconds, but the underlying OsSleep() 
  ** API uses microseconds. Hence the 1000's.
  */
  rc = (sqlite3OsSleep(pVfs, 1000*ms)/1000);
  return rc;
}

/*
** Enable or disable the extended result codes.
*/
int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3 *db, int onoff){
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  db->errMask = onoff ? 0xffffffff : 0xff;
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Invoke the xFileControl method on a particular database.
*/
int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName, int op, void *pArg){
  int rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
  int iDb;
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  if( zDbName==0 ){
    iDb = 0;
  }else{
    for(iDb=0; iDb<db->nDb; iDb++){
      if( strcmp(db->aDb[iDb].zName, zDbName)==0 ) break;
    }
  }
  if( iDb<db->nDb ){
    Btree *pBtree = db->aDb[iDb].pBt;
    if( pBtree ){
      Pager *pPager;
      sqlite3_file *fd;
      sqlite3BtreeEnter(pBtree);
      pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(pBtree);
      assert( pPager!=0 );
      fd = sqlite3PagerFile(pPager);
      assert( fd!=0 );
      if( op==SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER ){
        *(sqlite3_file**)pArg = fd;
        rc = SQLITE_OK;
      }else if( fd->pMethods ){
        rc = sqlite3OsFileControl(fd, op, pArg);
      }
      sqlite3BtreeLeave(pBtree);
    }
  }
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  return rc;   
}

/*
** Interface to the testing logic.
*/
int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...){
  int rc = 0;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
  va_list ap;
  va_start(ap, op);
  switch( op ){

    /*
    ** Save the current state of the PRNG.
    */
    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE: {
      sqlite3PrngSaveState();
      break;
    }

    /*
    ** Restore the state of the PRNG to the last state saved using
    ** PRNG_SAVE.  If PRNG_SAVE has never before been called, then
    ** this verb acts like PRNG_RESET.
    */
    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE: {
      sqlite3PrngRestoreState();
      break;
    }

    /*
    ** Reset the PRNG back to its uninitialized state.  The next call
    ** to sqlite3_randomness() will reseed the PRNG using a single call
    ** to the xRandomness method of the default VFS.
    */
    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET: {
      sqlite3PrngResetState();
      break;
    }

    /*
    **  sqlite3_test_control(BITVEC_TEST, size, program)
    **
    ** Run a test against a Bitvec object of size.  The program argument
    ** is an array of integers that defines the test.  Return -1 on a
    ** memory allocation error, 0 on success, or non-zero for an error.
    ** See the sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest() for additional information.
    */
    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST: {
      int sz = va_arg(ap, int);
      int *aProg = va_arg(ap, int*);
      rc = sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest(sz, aProg);
      break;
    }

    /*
    **  sqlite3_test_control(BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS, xBegin, xEnd)
    **
    ** Register hooks to call to indicate which malloc() failures 
    ** are benign.
    */
    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS: {
      typedef void (*void_function)(void);
      void_function xBenignBegin;
      void_function xBenignEnd;
      xBenignBegin = va_arg(ap, void_function);
      xBenignEnd = va_arg(ap, void_function);
      sqlite3BenignMallocHooks(xBenignBegin, xBenignEnd);
      break;
    }

    /*
    **  sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE, unsigned int X)
    **
    ** Set the PENDING byte to the value in the argument, if X>0.
    ** Make no changes if X==0.  Return the value of the pending byte
    ** as it existing before this routine was called.
    **
    ** IMPORTANT:  Changing the PENDING byte from 0x40000000 results in
    ** an incompatible database file format.  Changing the PENDING byte
    ** while any database connection is open results in undefined and
    ** dileterious behavior.
    */
    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE: {
      rc = PENDING_BYTE;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
      {
        unsigned int newVal = va_arg(ap, unsigned int);
        if( newVal ) sqlite3PendingByte = newVal;
      }
#endif
      break;
    }

    /*
    **  sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT, int X)
    **
    ** This action provides a run-time test to see whether or not
    ** assert() was enabled at compile-time.  If X is true and assert()
    ** is enabled, then the return value is true.  If X is true and
    ** assert() is disabled, then the return value is zero.  If X is
    ** false and assert() is enabled, then the assertion fires and the
    ** process aborts.  If X is false and assert() is disabled, then the
    ** return value is zero.
    */
    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT: {
      volatile int x = 0;
      assert( (x = va_arg(ap,int))!=0 );
      rc = x;
      break;
    }


    /*
    **  sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS, int X)
    **
    ** This action provides a run-time test to see how the ALWAYS and
    ** NEVER macros were defined at compile-time.
    **
    ** The return value is ALWAYS(X).  
    **
    ** The recommended test is X==2.  If the return value is 2, that means
    ** ALWAYS() and NEVER() are both no-op pass-through macros, which is the
    ** default setting.  If the return value is 1, then ALWAYS() is either
    ** hard-coded to true or else it asserts if its argument is false.
    ** The first behavior (hard-coded to true) is the case if
    ** SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT shows that assert() is disabled and the second
    ** behavior (assert if the argument to ALWAYS() is false) is the case if
    ** SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT shows that assert() is enabled.
    **
    ** The run-time test procedure might look something like this:
    **
    **    if( sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS, 2)==2 ){
    **      // ALWAYS() and NEVER() are no-op pass-through macros
    **    }else if( sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT, 1) ){
    **      // ALWAYS(x) asserts that x is true. NEVER(x) asserts x is false.
    **    }else{
    **      // ALWAYS(x) is a constant 1.  NEVER(x) is a constant 0.
    **    }
    */
    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS: {
      int x = va_arg(ap,int);
      rc = ALWAYS(x);
      break;
    }

    /*   sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE, sqlite3 *db, int N)
    **
    ** Set the nReserve size to N for the main database on the database
    ** connection db.
    */
    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE: {
      sqlite3 *db = va_arg(ap, sqlite3*);
      int x = va_arg(ap,int);
      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
      sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(db->aDb[0].pBt, 0, x, 0);
      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
      break;
    }

    /*  sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS, sqlite3 *db, int N)
    **
    ** Enable or disable various optimizations for testing purposes.  The 
    ** argument N is a bitmask of optimizations to be disabled.  For normal
    ** operation N should be 0.  The idea is that a test program (like the
    ** SQL Logic Test or SLT test module) can run the same SQL multiple times
    ** with various optimizations disabled to verify that the same answer
    ** is obtained in every case.
    */
    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS: {
      sqlite3 *db = va_arg(ap, sqlite3*);
      int x = va_arg(ap,int);
      db->flags = (x & SQLITE_OptMask) | (db->flags & ~SQLITE_OptMask);
      break;
    }

#ifdef SQLITE_N_KEYWORD
    /* sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD, const char *zWord)
    **
    ** If zWord is a keyword recognized by the parser, then return the
    ** number of keywords.  Or if zWord is not a keyword, return 0.
    ** 
    ** This test feature is only available in the amalgamation since
    ** the SQLITE_N_KEYWORD macro is not defined in this file if SQLite
    ** is built using separate source files.
    */
    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD: {
      const char *zWord = va_arg(ap, const char*);
      int n = sqlite3Strlen30(zWord);
      rc = (sqlite3KeywordCode((u8*)zWord, n)!=TK_ID) ? SQLITE_N_KEYWORD : 0;
      break;
    }
#endif 

    /* sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PGHDRSZ)
    **
    ** Return the size of a pcache header in bytes.
    */
    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PGHDRSZ: {
      rc = sizeof(PgHdr);
      break;
    }

    /* sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC, sz, &pNew, pFree);
    **
    ** Pass pFree into sqlite3ScratchFree(). 
    ** If sz>0 then allocate a scratch buffer into pNew.  
    */
    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC: {
      void *pFree, **ppNew;
      int sz;
      sz = va_arg(ap, int);
      ppNew = va_arg(ap, void**);
      pFree = va_arg(ap, void*);
      if( sz ) *ppNew = sqlite3ScratchMalloc(sz);
      sqlite3ScratchFree(pFree);
      break;
    }

  }
  va_end(ap);
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST */
  return rc;
}