qemu/docs/devel/qapi-code-gen.rst

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==================================
How to use the QAPI code generator
==================================
..
Copyright IBM Corp. 2011
Copyright (C) 2012-2016 Red Hat, Inc.
This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or
later. See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
Introduction
============
QAPI is a native C API within QEMU which provides management-level
functionality to internal and external users. For external
users/processes, this interface is made available by a JSON-based wire
format for the QEMU Monitor Protocol (QMP) for controlling qemu, as
well as the QEMU Guest Agent (QGA) for communicating with the guest.
The remainder of this document uses "Client JSON Protocol" when
referring to the wire contents of a QMP or QGA connection.
To map between Client JSON Protocol interfaces and the native C API,
we generate C code from a QAPI schema. This document describes the
QAPI schema language, and how it gets mapped to the Client JSON
Protocol and to C. It additionally provides guidance on maintaining
Client JSON Protocol compatibility.
The QAPI schema language
========================
The QAPI schema defines the Client JSON Protocol's commands and
events, as well as types used by them. Forward references are
allowed.
It is permissible for the schema to contain additional types not used
by any commands or events, for the side effect of generated C code
used internally.
There are several kinds of types: simple types (a number of built-in
types, such as ``int`` and ``str``; as well as enumerations), arrays,
complex types (structs and two flavors of unions), and alternate types
(a choice between other types).
Schema syntax
-------------
Syntax is loosely based on `JSON <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc8259.txt>`_.
Differences:
* Comments: start with a hash character (``#``) that is not part of a
string, and extend to the end of the line.
* Strings are enclosed in ``'single quotes'``, not ``"double quotes"``.
* Strings are restricted to printable ASCII, and escape sequences to
just ``\\``.
* Numbers and ``null`` are not supported.
A second layer of syntax defines the sequences of JSON texts that are
a correctly structured QAPI schema. We provide a grammar for this
syntax in an EBNF-like notation:
* Production rules look like ``non-terminal = expression``
* Concatenation: expression ``A B`` matches expression ``A``, then ``B``
* Alternation: expression ``A | B`` matches expression ``A`` or ``B``
* Repetition: expression ``A...`` matches zero or more occurrences of
expression ``A``
* Repetition: expression ``A, ...`` matches zero or more occurrences of
expression ``A`` separated by ``,``
* Grouping: expression ``( A )`` matches expression ``A``
* JSON's structural characters are terminals: ``{ } [ ] : ,``
* JSON's literal names are terminals: ``false true``
* String literals enclosed in ``'single quotes'`` are terminal, and match
this JSON string, with a leading ``*`` stripped off
* When JSON object member's name starts with ``*``, the member is
optional.
* The symbol ``STRING`` is a terminal, and matches any JSON string
* The symbol ``BOOL`` is a terminal, and matches JSON ``false`` or ``true``
* ALL-CAPS words other than ``STRING`` are non-terminals
The order of members within JSON objects does not matter unless
explicitly noted.
A QAPI schema consists of a series of top-level expressions::
SCHEMA = TOP-LEVEL-EXPR...
The top-level expressions are all JSON objects. Code and
documentation is generated in schema definition order. Code order
should not matter.
A top-level expressions is either a directive or a definition::
TOP-LEVEL-EXPR = DIRECTIVE | DEFINITION
There are two kinds of directives and six kinds of definitions::
DIRECTIVE = INCLUDE | PRAGMA
DEFINITION = ENUM | STRUCT | UNION | ALTERNATE | COMMAND | EVENT
These are discussed in detail below.
Built-in Types
--------------
The following types are predefined, and map to C as follows:
============= ============== ============================================
Schema C JSON
============= ============== ============================================
``str`` ``char *`` any JSON string, UTF-8
``number`` ``double`` any JSON number
``int`` ``int64_t`` a JSON number without fractional part
that fits into the C integer type
``int8`` ``int8_t`` likewise
``int16`` ``int16_t`` likewise
``int32`` ``int32_t`` likewise
``int64`` ``int64_t`` likewise
``uint8`` ``uint8_t`` likewise
``uint16`` ``uint16_t`` likewise
``uint32`` ``uint32_t`` likewise
``uint64`` ``uint64_t`` likewise
``size`` ``uint64_t`` like ``uint64_t``, except
``StringInputVisitor`` accepts size suffixes
``bool`` ``bool`` JSON ``true`` or ``false``
``null`` ``QNull *`` JSON ``null``
``any`` ``QObject *`` any JSON value
``QType`` ``QType`` JSON string matching enum ``QType`` values
============= ============== ============================================
Include directives
------------------
Syntax::
INCLUDE = { 'include': STRING }
The QAPI schema definitions can be modularized using the 'include' directive::
{ 'include': 'path/to/file.json' }
The directive is evaluated recursively, and include paths are relative
to the file using the directive. Multiple includes of the same file
are idempotent.
As a matter of style, it is a good idea to have all files be
self-contained, but at the moment, nothing prevents an included file
from making a forward reference to a type that is only introduced by
an outer file. The parser may be made stricter in the future to
prevent incomplete include files.
.. _pragma:
Pragma directives
-----------------
Syntax::
PRAGMA = { 'pragma': {
'*doc-required': BOOL,
'*command-name-exceptions': [ STRING, ... ],
'*command-returns-exceptions': [ STRING, ... ],
'*member-name-exceptions': [ STRING, ... ] } }
The pragma directive lets you control optional generator behavior.
Pragma's scope is currently the complete schema. Setting the same
pragma to different values in parts of the schema doesn't work.
Pragma 'doc-required' takes a boolean value. If true, documentation
is required. Default is false.
Pragma 'command-name-exceptions' takes a list of commands whose names
may contain ``"_"`` instead of ``"-"``. Default is none.
Pragma 'command-returns-exceptions' takes a list of commands that may
violate the rules on permitted return types. Default is none.
Pragma 'member-name-exceptions' takes a list of types whose member
names may contain uppercase letters, and ``"_"`` instead of ``"-"``.
Default is none.
.. _ENUM-VALUE:
Enumeration types
-----------------
Syntax::
ENUM = { 'enum': STRING,
'data': [ ENUM-VALUE, ... ],
'*prefix': STRING,
'*if': COND,
'*features': FEATURES }
ENUM-VALUE = STRING
| { 'name': STRING,
'*if': COND,
'*features': FEATURES }
Member 'enum' names the enum type.
Each member of the 'data' array defines a value of the enumeration
type. The form STRING is shorthand for :code:`{ 'name': STRING }`. The
'name' values must be be distinct.
Example::
{ 'enum': 'MyEnum', 'data': [ 'value1', 'value2', 'value3' ] }
Nothing prevents an empty enumeration, although it is probably not
useful.
On the wire, an enumeration type's value is represented by its
(string) name. In C, it's represented by an enumeration constant.
These are of the form PREFIX_NAME, where PREFIX is derived from the
enumeration type's name, and NAME from the value's name. For the
example above, the generator maps 'MyEnum' to MY_ENUM and 'value1' to
VALUE1, resulting in the enumeration constant MY_ENUM_VALUE1. The
optional 'prefix' member overrides PREFIX.
The generated C enumeration constants have values 0, 1, ..., N-1 (in
QAPI schema order), where N is the number of values. There is an
additional enumeration constant PREFIX__MAX with value N.
Do not use string or an integer type when an enumeration type can do
the job satisfactorily.
The optional 'if' member specifies a conditional. See `Configuring the
schema`_ below for more on this.
The optional 'features' member specifies features. See Features_
below for more on this.
.. _TYPE-REF:
Type references and array types
-------------------------------
Syntax::
TYPE-REF = STRING | ARRAY-TYPE
ARRAY-TYPE = [ STRING ]
A string denotes the type named by the string.
A one-element array containing a string denotes an array of the type
named by the string. Example: ``['int']`` denotes an array of ``int``.
Struct types
------------
Syntax::
STRUCT = { 'struct': STRING,
'data': MEMBERS,
'*base': STRING,
'*if': COND,
'*features': FEATURES }
MEMBERS = { MEMBER, ... }
MEMBER = STRING : TYPE-REF
| STRING : { 'type': TYPE-REF,
'*if': COND,
'*features': FEATURES }
Member 'struct' names the struct type.
Each MEMBER of the 'data' object defines a member of the struct type.
.. _MEMBERS:
The MEMBER's STRING name consists of an optional ``*`` prefix and the
struct member name. If ``*`` is present, the member is optional.
The MEMBER's value defines its properties, in particular its type.
The form TYPE-REF_ is shorthand for :code:`{ 'type': TYPE-REF }`.
Example::
{ 'struct': 'MyType',
'data': { 'member1': 'str', 'member2': ['int'], '*member3': 'str' } }
A struct type corresponds to a struct in C, and an object in JSON.
The C struct's members are generated in QAPI schema order.
The optional 'base' member names a struct type whose members are to be
included in this type. They go first in the C struct.
Example::
{ 'struct': 'BlockdevOptionsGenericFormat',
'data': { 'file': 'str' } }
{ 'struct': 'BlockdevOptionsGenericCOWFormat',
'base': 'BlockdevOptionsGenericFormat',
'data': { '*backing': 'str' } }
An example BlockdevOptionsGenericCOWFormat object on the wire could use
both members like this::
{ "file": "/some/place/my-image",
"backing": "/some/place/my-backing-file" }
The optional 'if' member specifies a conditional. See `Configuring
the schema`_ below for more on this.
The optional 'features' member specifies features. See Features_
below for more on this.
Union types
-----------
Syntax::
UNION = { 'union': STRING,
'base': ( MEMBERS | STRING ),
'discriminator': STRING,
'data': BRANCHES,
'*if': COND,
'*features': FEATURES }
BRANCHES = { BRANCH, ... }
BRANCH = STRING : TYPE-REF
| STRING : { 'type': TYPE-REF, '*if': COND }
Member 'union' names the union type.
The 'base' member defines the common members. If it is a MEMBERS_
object, it defines common members just like a struct type's 'data'
member defines struct type members. If it is a STRING, it names a
struct type whose members are the common members.
Member 'discriminator' must name a non-optional enum-typed member of
the base struct. That member's value selects a branch by its name.
If no such branch exists, an empty branch is assumed.
Each BRANCH of the 'data' object defines a branch of the union. A
union must have at least one branch.
The BRANCH's STRING name is the branch name. It must be a value of
the discriminator enum type.
The BRANCH's value defines the branch's properties, in particular its
type. The type must a struct type. The form TYPE-REF_ is shorthand
for :code:`{ 'type': TYPE-REF }`.
In the Client JSON Protocol, a union is represented by an object with
the common members (from the base type) and the selected branch's
members. The two sets of member names must be disjoint.
Example::
{ 'enum': 'BlockdevDriver', 'data': [ 'file', 'qcow2' ] }
{ 'union': 'BlockdevOptions',
'base': { 'driver': 'BlockdevDriver', '*read-only': 'bool' },
'discriminator': 'driver',
'data': { 'file': 'BlockdevOptionsFile',
'qcow2': 'BlockdevOptionsQcow2' } }
Resulting in these JSON objects::
{ "driver": "file", "read-only": true,
"filename": "/some/place/my-image" }
{ "driver": "qcow2", "read-only": false,
"backing": "/some/place/my-image", "lazy-refcounts": true }
The order of branches need not match the order of the enum values.
The branches need not cover all possible enum values. In the
resulting generated C data types, a union is represented as a struct
with the base members in QAPI schema order, and then a union of
structures for each branch of the struct.
The optional 'if' member specifies a conditional. See `Configuring
the schema`_ below for more on this.
The optional 'features' member specifies features. See Features_
below for more on this.
Alternate types
---------------
Syntax::
ALTERNATE = { 'alternate': STRING,
'data': ALTERNATIVES,
'*if': COND,
'*features': FEATURES }
ALTERNATIVES = { ALTERNATIVE, ... }
ALTERNATIVE = STRING : STRING
| STRING : { 'type': STRING, '*if': COND }
Member 'alternate' names the alternate type.
Each ALTERNATIVE of the 'data' object defines a branch of the
alternate. An alternate must have at least one branch.
The ALTERNATIVE's STRING name is the branch name.
The ALTERNATIVE's value defines the branch's properties, in particular
its type. The form STRING is shorthand for :code:`{ 'type': STRING }`.
Example::
{ 'alternate': 'BlockdevRef',
'data': { 'definition': 'BlockdevOptions',
'reference': 'str' } }
An alternate type is like a union type, except there is no
discriminator on the wire. Instead, the branch to use is inferred
from the value. An alternate can only express a choice between types
represented differently on the wire.
If a branch is typed as the 'bool' built-in, the alternate accepts
true and false; if it is typed as any of the various numeric
built-ins, it accepts a JSON number; if it is typed as a 'str'
built-in or named enum type, it accepts a JSON string; if it is typed
as the 'null' built-in, it accepts JSON null; and if it is typed as a
complex type (struct or union), it accepts a JSON object.
The example alternate declaration above allows using both of the
following example objects::
{ "file": "my_existing_block_device_id" }
{ "file": { "driver": "file",
"read-only": false,
"filename": "/tmp/mydisk.qcow2" } }
The optional 'if' member specifies a conditional. See `Configuring
the schema`_ below for more on this.
The optional 'features' member specifies features. See Features_
below for more on this.
Commands
--------
Syntax::
COMMAND = { 'command': STRING,
(
'*data': ( MEMBERS | STRING ),
|
'data': STRING,
'boxed': true,
)
'*returns': TYPE-REF,
'*success-response': false,
'*gen': false,
'*allow-oob': true,
'*allow-preconfig': true,
'*coroutine': true,
'*if': COND,
'*features': FEATURES }
Member 'command' names the command.
Member 'data' defines the arguments. It defaults to an empty MEMBERS_
object.
If 'data' is a MEMBERS_ object, then MEMBERS defines arguments just
like a struct type's 'data' defines struct type members.
If 'data' is a STRING, then STRING names a complex type whose members
are the arguments. A union type requires ``'boxed': true``.
Member 'returns' defines the command's return type. It defaults to an
empty struct type. It must normally be a complex type or an array of
a complex type. To return anything else, the command must be listed
in pragma 'commands-returns-exceptions'. If you do this, extending
the command to return additional information will be harder. Use of
the pragma for new commands is strongly discouraged.
A command's error responses are not specified in the QAPI schema.
Error conditions should be documented in comments.
In the Client JSON Protocol, the value of the "execute" or "exec-oob"
member is the command name. The value of the "arguments" member then
has to conform to the arguments, and the value of the success
response's "return" member will conform to the return type.
Some example commands::
{ 'command': 'my-first-command',
'data': { 'arg1': 'str', '*arg2': 'str' } }
{ 'struct': 'MyType', 'data': { '*value': 'str' } }
{ 'command': 'my-second-command',
'returns': [ 'MyType' ] }
which would validate this Client JSON Protocol transaction::
=> { "execute": "my-first-command",
"arguments": { "arg1": "hello" } }
<= { "return": { } }
=> { "execute": "my-second-command" }
<= { "return": [ { "value": "one" }, { } ] }
The generator emits a prototype for the C function implementing the
command. The function itself needs to be written by hand. See
section `Code generated for commands`_ for examples.
The function returns the return type. When member 'boxed' is absent,
it takes the command arguments as arguments one by one, in QAPI schema
order. Else it takes them wrapped in the C struct generated for the
complex argument type. It takes an additional ``Error **`` argument in
either case.
qapi: Implement boxed types for commands/events Turn on the ability to pass command and event arguments in a single boxed parameter, which must name a non-empty type (although the type can be a struct with all optional members). For structs, it makes it possible to pass a single qapi type instead of a breakout of all struct members (useful if the arguments are already in a struct or if the number of members is large); for other complex types, it is now possible to use a union or alternate as the data for a command or event. The empty type may be technically feasible if needed down the road, but it's easier to forbid it now and relax things to allow it later, than it is to allow it now and have to special case how the generated 'q_empty' type is handled (see commit 7ce106a9 for reasons why nothing is generated for the empty type). An alternate type is never considered empty, but now that a boxed type can be either an object or an alternate, we have to provide a trivial QAPISchemaAlternateType.is_empty(). The new call to arg_type.is_empty() during QAPISchemaCommand.check() requires that we first check the type in question; but there is no chance of introducing a cycle since objects do not refer back to commands. We still have a split in syntax checking between ad-hoc parsing up front (merely validates that 'boxed' has a sane value) and during .check() methods (if 'boxed' is set, then 'data' must name a non-empty user-defined type). Generated code is unchanged, as long as no client uses the new feature. Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Message-Id: <1468468228-27827-10-git-send-email-eblake@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> [Test files renamed to *-boxed-*] Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
2016-07-14 06:50:20 +03:00
The generator also emits a marshalling function that extracts
arguments for the user's function out of an input QDict, calls the
user's function, and if it succeeded, builds an output QObject from
its return value. This is for use by the QMP monitor core.
qapi: Implement boxed types for commands/events Turn on the ability to pass command and event arguments in a single boxed parameter, which must name a non-empty type (although the type can be a struct with all optional members). For structs, it makes it possible to pass a single qapi type instead of a breakout of all struct members (useful if the arguments are already in a struct or if the number of members is large); for other complex types, it is now possible to use a union or alternate as the data for a command or event. The empty type may be technically feasible if needed down the road, but it's easier to forbid it now and relax things to allow it later, than it is to allow it now and have to special case how the generated 'q_empty' type is handled (see commit 7ce106a9 for reasons why nothing is generated for the empty type). An alternate type is never considered empty, but now that a boxed type can be either an object or an alternate, we have to provide a trivial QAPISchemaAlternateType.is_empty(). The new call to arg_type.is_empty() during QAPISchemaCommand.check() requires that we first check the type in question; but there is no chance of introducing a cycle since objects do not refer back to commands. We still have a split in syntax checking between ad-hoc parsing up front (merely validates that 'boxed' has a sane value) and during .check() methods (if 'boxed' is set, then 'data' must name a non-empty user-defined type). Generated code is unchanged, as long as no client uses the new feature. Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Message-Id: <1468468228-27827-10-git-send-email-eblake@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> [Test files renamed to *-boxed-*] Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
2016-07-14 06:50:20 +03:00
In rare cases, QAPI cannot express a type-safe representation of a
corresponding Client JSON Protocol command. You then have to suppress
generation of a marshalling function by including a member 'gen' with
boolean value false, and instead write your own function. For
example::
{ 'command': 'netdev_add',
'data': {'type': 'str', 'id': 'str'},
'gen': false }
Please try to avoid adding new commands that rely on this, and instead
use type-safe unions.
Normally, the QAPI schema is used to describe synchronous exchanges,
where a response is expected. But in some cases, the action of a
command is expected to change state in a way that a successful
response is not possible (although the command will still return an
error object on failure). When a successful reply is not possible,
the command definition includes the optional member 'success-response'
with boolean value false. So far, only QGA makes use of this member.
Member 'allow-oob' declares whether the command supports out-of-band
(OOB) execution. It defaults to false. For example::
{ 'command': 'migrate_recover',
'data': { 'uri': 'str' }, 'allow-oob': true }
See qmp-spec.txt for out-of-band execution syntax and semantics.
Commands supporting out-of-band execution can still be executed
in-band.
When a command is executed in-band, its handler runs in the main
thread with the BQL held.
When a command is executed out-of-band, its handler runs in a
dedicated monitor I/O thread with the BQL *not* held.
An OOB-capable command handler must satisfy the following conditions:
- It terminates quickly.
- It does not invoke system calls that may block.
- It does not access guest RAM that may block when userfaultfd is
enabled for postcopy live migration.
- It takes only "fast" locks, i.e. all critical sections protected by
any lock it takes also satisfy the conditions for OOB command
handler code.
The restrictions on locking limit access to shared state. Such access
requires synchronization, but OOB commands can't take the BQL or any
other "slow" lock.
When in doubt, do not implement OOB execution support.
Member 'allow-preconfig' declares whether the command is available
before the machine is built. It defaults to false. For example::
{ 'enum': 'QMPCapability',
'data': [ 'oob' ] }
{ 'command': 'qmp_capabilities',
'data': { '*enable': [ 'QMPCapability' ] },
'allow-preconfig': true }
QMP is available before the machine is built only when QEMU was
started with --preconfig.
Member 'coroutine' tells the QMP dispatcher whether the command handler
is safe to be run in a coroutine. It defaults to false. If it is true,
the command handler is called from coroutine context and may yield while
waiting for an external event (such as I/O completion) in order to avoid
blocking the guest and other background operations.
Coroutine safety can be hard to prove, similar to thread safety. Common
pitfalls are:
- The global mutex isn't held across ``qemu_coroutine_yield()``, so
operations that used to assume that they execute atomically may have
to be more careful to protect against changes in the global state.
- Nested event loops (``AIO_WAIT_WHILE()`` etc.) are problematic in
coroutine context and can easily lead to deadlocks. They should be
replaced by yielding and reentering the coroutine when the condition
becomes false.
Since the command handler may assume coroutine context, any callers
other than the QMP dispatcher must also call it in coroutine context.
In particular, HMP commands calling such a QMP command handler must be
marked ``.coroutine = true`` in hmp-commands.hx.
It is an error to specify both ``'coroutine': true`` and ``'allow-oob': true``
for a command. We don't currently have a use case for both together and
without a use case, it's not entirely clear what the semantics should
be.
The optional 'if' member specifies a conditional. See `Configuring
the schema`_ below for more on this.
The optional 'features' member specifies features. See Features_
below for more on this.
Events
------
Syntax::
EVENT = { 'event': STRING,
(
'*data': ( MEMBERS | STRING ),
|
'data': STRING,
'boxed': true,
)
'*if': COND,
'*features': FEATURES }
Member 'event' names the event. This is the event name used in the
Client JSON Protocol.
Member 'data' defines the event-specific data. It defaults to an
empty MEMBERS object.
If 'data' is a MEMBERS object, then MEMBERS defines event-specific
data just like a struct type's 'data' defines struct type members.
If 'data' is a STRING, then STRING names a complex type whose members
are the event-specific data. A union type requires ``'boxed': true``.
An example event is::
{ 'event': 'EVENT_C',
'data': { '*a': 'int', 'b': 'str' } }
Resulting in this JSON object::
{ "event": "EVENT_C",
"data": { "b": "test string" },
"timestamp": { "seconds": 1267020223, "microseconds": 435656 } }
The generator emits a function to send the event. When member 'boxed'
is absent, it takes event-specific data one by one, in QAPI schema
order. Else it takes them wrapped in the C struct generated for the
complex type. See section `Code generated for events`_ for examples.
The optional 'if' member specifies a conditional. See `Configuring
the schema`_ below for more on this.
qapi: Implement boxed types for commands/events Turn on the ability to pass command and event arguments in a single boxed parameter, which must name a non-empty type (although the type can be a struct with all optional members). For structs, it makes it possible to pass a single qapi type instead of a breakout of all struct members (useful if the arguments are already in a struct or if the number of members is large); for other complex types, it is now possible to use a union or alternate as the data for a command or event. The empty type may be technically feasible if needed down the road, but it's easier to forbid it now and relax things to allow it later, than it is to allow it now and have to special case how the generated 'q_empty' type is handled (see commit 7ce106a9 for reasons why nothing is generated for the empty type). An alternate type is never considered empty, but now that a boxed type can be either an object or an alternate, we have to provide a trivial QAPISchemaAlternateType.is_empty(). The new call to arg_type.is_empty() during QAPISchemaCommand.check() requires that we first check the type in question; but there is no chance of introducing a cycle since objects do not refer back to commands. We still have a split in syntax checking between ad-hoc parsing up front (merely validates that 'boxed' has a sane value) and during .check() methods (if 'boxed' is set, then 'data' must name a non-empty user-defined type). Generated code is unchanged, as long as no client uses the new feature. Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Message-Id: <1468468228-27827-10-git-send-email-eblake@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> [Test files renamed to *-boxed-*] Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
2016-07-14 06:50:20 +03:00
The optional 'features' member specifies features. See Features_
below for more on this.
.. _FEATURE:
Features
--------
Syntax::
FEATURES = [ FEATURE, ... ]
FEATURE = STRING
| { 'name': STRING, '*if': COND }
Sometimes, the behaviour of QEMU changes compatibly, but without a
change in the QMP syntax (usually by allowing values or operations
that previously resulted in an error). QMP clients may still need to
know whether the extension is available.
For this purpose, a list of features can be specified for a command or
struct type. Each list member can either be ``{ 'name': STRING, '*if':
COND }``, or STRING, which is shorthand for ``{ 'name': STRING }``.
The optional 'if' member specifies a conditional. See `Configuring
the schema`_ below for more on this.
Example::
{ 'struct': 'TestType',
'data': { 'number': 'int' },
'features': [ 'allow-negative-numbers' ] }
The feature strings are exposed to clients in introspection, as
explained in section `Client JSON Protocol introspection`_.
Intended use is to have each feature string signal that this build of
QEMU shows a certain behaviour.
Special features
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Feature "deprecated" marks a command, event, enum value, or struct
member as deprecated. It is not supported elsewhere so far.
Interfaces so marked may be withdrawn in future releases in accordance
with QEMU's deprecation policy.
qapi: New special feature flag "unstable" By convention, names starting with "x-" are experimental. The parts of external interfaces so named may be withdrawn or changed incompatibly in future releases. The naming convention makes unstable interfaces easy to recognize. Promoting something from experimental to stable involves a name change. Client code needs to be updated. Occasionally bothersome. Worse, the convention is not universally observed: * QOM type "input-barrier" has properties "x-origin", "y-origin". Looks accidental, but it's ABI since 4.2. * QOM types "memory-backend-file", "memory-backend-memfd", "memory-backend-ram", and "memory-backend-epc" have a property "x-use-canonical-path-for-ramblock-id" that is documented to be stable despite its name. We could document these exceptions, but documentation helps only humans. We want to recognize "unstable" in code, like "deprecated". So support recognizing it the same way: introduce new special feature flag "unstable". It will be treated specially by the QAPI generator, like the existing feature flag "deprecated", and unlike regular feature flags. This commit updates documentation and prepares tests. The next commit updates the QAPI schema. The remaining patches update the QAPI generator and wire up -compat policy checking. Management applications can then use query-qmp-schema and -compat to manage or guard against use of unstable interfaces the same way as for deprecated interfaces. docs/devel/qapi-code-gen.txt no longer mandates the naming convention. Using it anyway might help writers of programs that aren't full-fledged management applications. Not using it can save us bothersome renames. We'll see how that shakes out. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Juan Quintela <quintela@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: John Snow <jsnow@redhat.com> Message-Id: <20211028102520.747396-2-armbru@redhat.com>
2021-10-28 13:25:12 +03:00
Feature "unstable" marks a command, event, enum value, or struct
member as unstable. It is not supported elsewhere so far. Interfaces
so marked may be withdrawn or changed incompatibly in future releases.
Naming rules and reserved names
-------------------------------
All names must begin with a letter, and contain only ASCII letters,
digits, hyphen, and underscore. There are two exceptions: enum values
may start with a digit, and names that are downstream extensions (see
section `Downstream extensions`_) start with underscore.
Names beginning with ``q_`` are reserved for the generator, which uses
them for munging QMP names that resemble C keywords or other
problematic strings. For example, a member named ``default`` in qapi
becomes ``q_default`` in the generated C code.
Types, commands, and events share a common namespace. Therefore,
generally speaking, type definitions should always use CamelCase for
user-defined type names, while built-in types are lowercase.
Type names ending with ``Kind`` or ``List`` are reserved for the
generator, which uses them for implicit union enums and array types,
respectively.
Command names, and member names within a type, should be all lower
case with words separated by a hyphen. However, some existing older
commands and complex types use underscore; when extending them,
consistency is preferred over blindly avoiding underscore.
Event names should be ALL_CAPS with words separated by underscore.
Member name ``u`` and names starting with ``has-`` or ``has_`` are reserved
for the generator, which uses them for unions and for tracking
optional members.
qapi: New special feature flag "unstable" By convention, names starting with "x-" are experimental. The parts of external interfaces so named may be withdrawn or changed incompatibly in future releases. The naming convention makes unstable interfaces easy to recognize. Promoting something from experimental to stable involves a name change. Client code needs to be updated. Occasionally bothersome. Worse, the convention is not universally observed: * QOM type "input-barrier" has properties "x-origin", "y-origin". Looks accidental, but it's ABI since 4.2. * QOM types "memory-backend-file", "memory-backend-memfd", "memory-backend-ram", and "memory-backend-epc" have a property "x-use-canonical-path-for-ramblock-id" that is documented to be stable despite its name. We could document these exceptions, but documentation helps only humans. We want to recognize "unstable" in code, like "deprecated". So support recognizing it the same way: introduce new special feature flag "unstable". It will be treated specially by the QAPI generator, like the existing feature flag "deprecated", and unlike regular feature flags. This commit updates documentation and prepares tests. The next commit updates the QAPI schema. The remaining patches update the QAPI generator and wire up -compat policy checking. Management applications can then use query-qmp-schema and -compat to manage or guard against use of unstable interfaces the same way as for deprecated interfaces. docs/devel/qapi-code-gen.txt no longer mandates the naming convention. Using it anyway might help writers of programs that aren't full-fledged management applications. Not using it can save us bothersome renames. We'll see how that shakes out. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Juan Quintela <quintela@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: John Snow <jsnow@redhat.com> Message-Id: <20211028102520.747396-2-armbru@redhat.com>
2021-10-28 13:25:12 +03:00
Names beginning with ``x-`` used to signify "experimental". This
convention has been replaced by special feature "unstable".
Pragmas ``command-name-exceptions`` and ``member-name-exceptions`` let
you violate naming rules. Use for new code is strongly discouraged. See
`Pragma directives`_ for details.
Downstream extensions
---------------------
QAPI schema names that are externally visible, say in the Client JSON
Protocol, need to be managed with care. Names starting with a
downstream prefix of the form __RFQDN_ are reserved for the downstream
who controls the valid, reverse fully qualified domain name RFQDN.
RFQDN may only contain ASCII letters, digits, hyphen and period.
Example: Red Hat, Inc. controls redhat.com, and may therefore add a
downstream command ``__com.redhat_drive-mirror``.
Configuring the schema
----------------------
Syntax::
COND = STRING
| { 'all: [ COND, ... ] }
| { 'any: [ COND, ... ] }
| { 'not': COND }
All definitions take an optional 'if' member. Its value must be a
string, or an object with a single member 'all', 'any' or 'not'.
The C code generated for the definition will then be guarded by an #if
preprocessing directive with an operand generated from that condition:
* STRING will generate defined(STRING)
* { 'all': [COND, ...] } will generate (COND && ...)
* { 'any': [COND, ...] } will generate (COND || ...)
* { 'not': COND } will generate !COND
Example: a conditional struct ::
{ 'struct': 'IfStruct', 'data': { 'foo': 'int' },
'if': { 'all': [ 'CONFIG_FOO', 'HAVE_BAR' ] } }
gets its generated code guarded like this::
#if defined(CONFIG_FOO) && defined(HAVE_BAR)
... generated code ...
#endif /* defined(HAVE_BAR) && defined(CONFIG_FOO) */
Individual members of complex types, commands arguments, and
event-specific data can also be made conditional. This requires the
longhand form of MEMBER.
Example: a struct type with unconditional member 'foo' and conditional
member 'bar' ::
{ 'struct': 'IfStruct',
'data': { 'foo': 'int',
'bar': { 'type': 'int', 'if': 'IFCOND'} } }
A union's discriminator may not be conditional.
Likewise, individual enumeration values be conditional. This requires
the longhand form of ENUM-VALUE_.
Example: an enum type with unconditional value 'foo' and conditional
value 'bar' ::
{ 'enum': 'IfEnum',
'data': [ 'foo',
{ 'name' : 'bar', 'if': 'IFCOND' } ] }
Likewise, features can be conditional. This requires the longhand
form of FEATURE_.
Example: a struct with conditional feature 'allow-negative-numbers' ::
{ 'struct': 'TestType',
'data': { 'number': 'int' },
'features': [ { 'name': 'allow-negative-numbers',
'if': 'IFCOND' } ] }
Please note that you are responsible to ensure that the C code will
compile with an arbitrary combination of conditions, since the
generator is unable to check it at this point.
The conditions apply to introspection as well, i.e. introspection
shows a conditional entity only when the condition is satisfied in
this particular build.
Documentation comments
----------------------
A multi-line comment that starts and ends with a ``##`` line is a
documentation comment.
If the documentation comment starts like ::
##
# @SYMBOL:
it documents the definition of SYMBOL, else it's free-form
documentation.
See below for more on `Definition documentation`_.
Free-form documentation may be used to provide additional text and
structuring content.
Headings and subheadings
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A free-form documentation comment containing a line which starts with
some ``=`` symbols and then a space defines a section heading::
##
# = This is a top level heading
#
# This is a free-form comment which will go under the
# top level heading.
##
##
# == This is a second level heading
##
A heading line must be the first line of the documentation
comment block.
Section headings must always be correctly nested, so you can only
define a third-level heading inside a second-level heading, and so on.
Documentation markup
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Documentation comments can use most rST markup. In particular,
a ``::`` literal block can be used for examples::
# ::
#
# Text of the example, may span
# multiple lines
``*`` starts an itemized list::
# * First item, may span
# multiple lines
# * Second item
You can also use ``-`` instead of ``*``.
A decimal number followed by ``.`` starts a numbered list::
# 1. First item, may span
# multiple lines
# 2. Second item
The actual number doesn't matter.
Lists of either kind must be preceded and followed by a blank line.
If a list item's text spans multiple lines, then the second and
subsequent lines must be correctly indented to line up with the
first character of the first line.
The usual ****strong****, *\*emphasized\** and ````literal```` markup
should be used. If you need a single literal ``*``, you will need to
backslash-escape it. As an extension beyond the usual rST syntax, you
can also use ``@foo`` to reference a name in the schema; this is rendered
the same way as ````foo````.
Example::
##
# Some text foo with **bold** and *emphasis*
# 1. with a list
# 2. like that
#
# And some code:
#
# ::
#
# $ echo foo
# -> do this
# <- get that
##
Definition documentation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Definition documentation, if present, must immediately precede the
definition it documents.
When documentation is required (see pragma_ 'doc-required'), every
definition must have documentation.
Definition documentation starts with a line naming the definition,
followed by an optional overview, a description of each argument (for
commands and events), member (for structs and unions), branch (for
alternates), or value (for enums), a description of each feature (if
any), and finally optional tagged sections.
The description of an argument or feature 'name' starts with
'\@name:'. The description text can start on the line following the
'\@name:', in which case it must not be indented at all. It can also
start on the same line as the '\@name:'. In this case if it spans
multiple lines then second and subsequent lines must be indented to
line up with the first character of the first line of the
description::
# @argone:
# This is a two line description
# in the first style.
#
# @argtwo: This is a two line description
# in the second style.
The number of spaces between the ':' and the text is not significant.
.. admonition:: FIXME
The parser accepts these things in almost any order.
.. admonition:: FIXME
union branches should be described, too.
Extensions added after the definition was first released carry a
'(since x.y.z)' comment.
The feature descriptions must be preceded by a line "Features:", like
this::
# Features:
# @feature: Description text
A tagged section starts with one of the following words:
"Note:"/"Notes:", "Since:", "Example"/"Examples", "Returns:", "TODO:".
The section ends with the start of a new section.
The text of a section can start on a new line, in
which case it must not be indented at all. It can also start
on the same line as the 'Note:', 'Returns:', etc tag. In this
case if it spans multiple lines then second and subsequent
lines must be indented to match the first, in the same way as
multiline argument descriptions.
A 'Since: x.y.z' tagged section lists the release that introduced the
definition.
An 'Example' or 'Examples' section is automatically rendered
entirely as literal fixed-width text. In other sections,
the text is formatted, and rST markup can be used.
For example::
##
# @BlockStats:
#
# Statistics of a virtual block device or a block backing device.
#
# @device: If the stats are for a virtual block device, the name
# corresponding to the virtual block device.
#
# @node-name: The node name of the device. (since 2.3)
#
# ... more members ...
#
# Since: 0.14.0
##
{ 'struct': 'BlockStats',
'data': {'*device': 'str', '*node-name': 'str',
... more members ... } }
##
# @query-blockstats:
#
# Query the @BlockStats for all virtual block devices.
#
# @query-nodes: If true, the command will query all the
# block nodes ... explain, explain ... (since 2.3)
#
# Returns: A list of @BlockStats for each virtual block devices.
#
# Since: 0.14.0
#
# Example:
#
# -> { "execute": "query-blockstats" }
# <- {
# ... lots of output ...
# }
#
##
{ 'command': 'query-blockstats',
'data': { '*query-nodes': 'bool' },
'returns': ['BlockStats'] }
Client JSON Protocol introspection
==================================
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
Clients of a Client JSON Protocol commonly need to figure out what
exactly the server (QEMU) supports.
For this purpose, QMP provides introspection via command
query-qmp-schema. QGA currently doesn't support introspection.
While Client JSON Protocol wire compatibility should be maintained
between qemu versions, we cannot make the same guarantees for
introspection stability. For example, one version of qemu may provide
a non-variant optional member of a struct, and a later version rework
the member to instead be non-optional and associated with a variant.
Likewise, one version of qemu may list a member with open-ended type
'str', and a later version could convert it to a finite set of strings
via an enum type; or a member may be converted from a specific type to
an alternate that represents a choice between the original type and
something else.
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
query-qmp-schema returns a JSON array of SchemaInfo objects. These
objects together describe the wire ABI, as defined in the QAPI schema.
qapi-introspect: Document lack of sorting qapi-code-gen.txt already claims that types, commands, and events share a common namespace; set this in stone by further documenting that our introspection output will never have collisions with the same name tied to more than one meta-type. Our largest QMP enum currently has 125 values, our largest object type has 27 members, and the mean for each is less than 10. These sizes are small enough that the per-element overhead of O(log n) binary searching probably outweighs the speed possible with direct O(n) linear searching (a better algorithm with more overhead will only beat a leaner naive algorithm only as you scale to larger input sizes). Arguably, the overall SchemaInfo array could be sorted by name; there, we currently have 531 entities, large enough for a binary search to be faster than linear. However, remember that we have mutually-recursive types, which means there is no topological ordering that will allow clients to learn all information about that type in a single linear pass; thus clients will want to do random access over the data, and they will probably read the introspection output into a hashtable for O(1) lookup rather than O(log n) binary searching, at which point, pre-sorting our introspection output doesn't help the client. It doesn't help that sorting can be subjective if you introduce locales into the mix (I'm not experienced enough with Python to know for sure, but at least it looks like it defaults to sorting in the C locale even when run under a different locale). And while our current introspection output is deterministic (because we visit entities in a sorted order), we may want to change that order in the future (such as using OrderedDict to stick to .json declaration order). For these reasons, we simply document that clients should not rely on any particular order of items in introspection output. And since it is now a documented part of the contract, we have the freedom to later rearrange output if needed, without worrying about breaking well-written clients. Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Message-Id: <1446791754-23823-13-git-send-email-eblake@redhat.com> [Commit message tweaked] Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
2015-11-06 09:35:36 +03:00
There is no specified order to the SchemaInfo objects returned; a
client must search for a particular name throughout the entire array
to learn more about that name, but is at least guaranteed that there
will be no collisions between type, command, and event names.
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
However, the SchemaInfo can't reflect all the rules and restrictions
that apply to QMP. It's interface introspection (figuring out what's
there), not interface specification. The specification is in the QAPI
schema. To understand how QMP is to be used, you need to study the
QAPI schema.
Like any other command, query-qmp-schema is itself defined in the QAPI
schema, along with the SchemaInfo type. This text attempts to give an
overview how things work. For details you need to consult the QAPI
schema.
SchemaInfo objects have common members "name", "meta-type",
"features", and additional variant members depending on the value of
meta-type.
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
Each SchemaInfo object describes a wire ABI entity of a certain
meta-type: a command, event or one of several kinds of type.
SchemaInfo for commands and events have the same name as in the QAPI
schema.
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
Command and event names are part of the wire ABI, but type names are
not. Therefore, the SchemaInfo for types have auto-generated
meaningless names. For readability, the examples in this section use
meaningful type names instead.
Optional member "features" exposes the entity's feature strings as a
JSON array of strings.
To examine a type, start with a command or event using it, then follow
references by name.
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
QAPI schema definitions not reachable that way are omitted.
The SchemaInfo for a command has meta-type "command", and variant
members "arg-type", "ret-type" and "allow-oob". On the wire, the
"arguments" member of a client's "execute" command must conform to the
object type named by "arg-type". The "return" member that the server
passes in a success response conforms to the type named by "ret-type".
When "allow-oob" is true, it means the command supports out-of-band
execution. It defaults to false.
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
If the command takes no arguments, "arg-type" names an object type
without members. Likewise, if the command returns nothing, "ret-type"
names an object type without members.
Example: the SchemaInfo for command query-qmp-schema ::
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
{ "name": "query-qmp-schema", "meta-type": "command",
"arg-type": "q_empty", "ret-type": "SchemaInfoList" }
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
Type "q_empty" is an automatic object type without members, and type
"SchemaInfoList" is the array of SchemaInfo type.
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
The SchemaInfo for an event has meta-type "event", and variant member
"arg-type". On the wire, a "data" member that the server passes in an
event conforms to the object type named by "arg-type".
If the event carries no additional information, "arg-type" names an
object type without members. The event may not have a data member on
the wire then.
Each command or event defined with 'data' as MEMBERS object in the
QAPI schema implicitly defines an object type.
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
Example: the SchemaInfo for EVENT_C from section Events_ ::
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
{ "name": "EVENT_C", "meta-type": "event",
"arg-type": "q_obj-EVENT_C-arg" }
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
Type "q_obj-EVENT_C-arg" is an implicitly defined object type with
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
the two members from the event's definition.
The SchemaInfo for struct and union types has meta-type "object".
The SchemaInfo for a struct type has variant member "members".
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
The SchemaInfo for a union type additionally has variant members "tag"
and "variants".
"members" is a JSON array describing the object's common members, if
any. Each element is a JSON object with members "name" (the member's
name), "type" (the name of its type), "features" (a JSON array of
feature strings), and "default". The latter two are optional. The
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
member is optional if "default" is present. Currently, "default" can
only have value null. Other values are reserved for future
qapi-introspect: Document lack of sorting qapi-code-gen.txt already claims that types, commands, and events share a common namespace; set this in stone by further documenting that our introspection output will never have collisions with the same name tied to more than one meta-type. Our largest QMP enum currently has 125 values, our largest object type has 27 members, and the mean for each is less than 10. These sizes are small enough that the per-element overhead of O(log n) binary searching probably outweighs the speed possible with direct O(n) linear searching (a better algorithm with more overhead will only beat a leaner naive algorithm only as you scale to larger input sizes). Arguably, the overall SchemaInfo array could be sorted by name; there, we currently have 531 entities, large enough for a binary search to be faster than linear. However, remember that we have mutually-recursive types, which means there is no topological ordering that will allow clients to learn all information about that type in a single linear pass; thus clients will want to do random access over the data, and they will probably read the introspection output into a hashtable for O(1) lookup rather than O(log n) binary searching, at which point, pre-sorting our introspection output doesn't help the client. It doesn't help that sorting can be subjective if you introduce locales into the mix (I'm not experienced enough with Python to know for sure, but at least it looks like it defaults to sorting in the C locale even when run under a different locale). And while our current introspection output is deterministic (because we visit entities in a sorted order), we may want to change that order in the future (such as using OrderedDict to stick to .json declaration order). For these reasons, we simply document that clients should not rely on any particular order of items in introspection output. And since it is now a documented part of the contract, we have the freedom to later rearrange output if needed, without worrying about breaking well-written clients. Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Message-Id: <1446791754-23823-13-git-send-email-eblake@redhat.com> [Commit message tweaked] Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
2015-11-06 09:35:36 +03:00
extensions. The "members" array is in no particular order; clients
must search the entire object when learning whether a particular
member is supported.
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
Example: the SchemaInfo for MyType from section `Struct types`_ ::
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
{ "name": "MyType", "meta-type": "object",
"members": [
{ "name": "member1", "type": "str" },
{ "name": "member2", "type": "int" },
{ "name": "member3", "type": "str", "default": null } ] }
"features" exposes the command's feature strings as a JSON array of
strings.
Example: the SchemaInfo for TestType from section Features_::
{ "name": "TestType", "meta-type": "object",
"members": [
{ "name": "number", "type": "int" } ],
"features": ["allow-negative-numbers"] }
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
"tag" is the name of the common member serving as type tag.
"variants" is a JSON array describing the object's variant members.
Each element is a JSON object with members "case" (the value of type
tag this element applies to) and "type" (the name of an object type
qapi-introspect: Document lack of sorting qapi-code-gen.txt already claims that types, commands, and events share a common namespace; set this in stone by further documenting that our introspection output will never have collisions with the same name tied to more than one meta-type. Our largest QMP enum currently has 125 values, our largest object type has 27 members, and the mean for each is less than 10. These sizes are small enough that the per-element overhead of O(log n) binary searching probably outweighs the speed possible with direct O(n) linear searching (a better algorithm with more overhead will only beat a leaner naive algorithm only as you scale to larger input sizes). Arguably, the overall SchemaInfo array could be sorted by name; there, we currently have 531 entities, large enough for a binary search to be faster than linear. However, remember that we have mutually-recursive types, which means there is no topological ordering that will allow clients to learn all information about that type in a single linear pass; thus clients will want to do random access over the data, and they will probably read the introspection output into a hashtable for O(1) lookup rather than O(log n) binary searching, at which point, pre-sorting our introspection output doesn't help the client. It doesn't help that sorting can be subjective if you introduce locales into the mix (I'm not experienced enough with Python to know for sure, but at least it looks like it defaults to sorting in the C locale even when run under a different locale). And while our current introspection output is deterministic (because we visit entities in a sorted order), we may want to change that order in the future (such as using OrderedDict to stick to .json declaration order). For these reasons, we simply document that clients should not rely on any particular order of items in introspection output. And since it is now a documented part of the contract, we have the freedom to later rearrange output if needed, without worrying about breaking well-written clients. Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Message-Id: <1446791754-23823-13-git-send-email-eblake@redhat.com> [Commit message tweaked] Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
2015-11-06 09:35:36 +03:00
that provides the variant members for this type tag value). The
"variants" array is in no particular order, and is not guaranteed to
list cases in the same order as the corresponding "tag" enum type.
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
Example: the SchemaInfo for union BlockdevOptions from section
`Union types`_ ::
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
{ "name": "BlockdevOptions", "meta-type": "object",
"members": [
{ "name": "driver", "type": "BlockdevDriver" },
{ "name": "read-only", "type": "bool", "default": null } ],
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
"tag": "driver",
"variants": [
{ "case": "file", "type": "BlockdevOptionsFile" },
{ "case": "qcow2", "type": "BlockdevOptionsQcow2" } ] }
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
Note that base types are "flattened": its members are included in the
"members" array.
The SchemaInfo for an alternate type has meta-type "alternate", and
variant member "members". "members" is a JSON array. Each element is
a JSON object with member "type", which names a type. Values of the
qapi-introspect: Document lack of sorting qapi-code-gen.txt already claims that types, commands, and events share a common namespace; set this in stone by further documenting that our introspection output will never have collisions with the same name tied to more than one meta-type. Our largest QMP enum currently has 125 values, our largest object type has 27 members, and the mean for each is less than 10. These sizes are small enough that the per-element overhead of O(log n) binary searching probably outweighs the speed possible with direct O(n) linear searching (a better algorithm with more overhead will only beat a leaner naive algorithm only as you scale to larger input sizes). Arguably, the overall SchemaInfo array could be sorted by name; there, we currently have 531 entities, large enough for a binary search to be faster than linear. However, remember that we have mutually-recursive types, which means there is no topological ordering that will allow clients to learn all information about that type in a single linear pass; thus clients will want to do random access over the data, and they will probably read the introspection output into a hashtable for O(1) lookup rather than O(log n) binary searching, at which point, pre-sorting our introspection output doesn't help the client. It doesn't help that sorting can be subjective if you introduce locales into the mix (I'm not experienced enough with Python to know for sure, but at least it looks like it defaults to sorting in the C locale even when run under a different locale). And while our current introspection output is deterministic (because we visit entities in a sorted order), we may want to change that order in the future (such as using OrderedDict to stick to .json declaration order). For these reasons, we simply document that clients should not rely on any particular order of items in introspection output. And since it is now a documented part of the contract, we have the freedom to later rearrange output if needed, without worrying about breaking well-written clients. Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Message-Id: <1446791754-23823-13-git-send-email-eblake@redhat.com> [Commit message tweaked] Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
2015-11-06 09:35:36 +03:00
alternate type conform to exactly one of its member types. There is
no guarantee on the order in which "members" will be listed.
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
Example: the SchemaInfo for BlockdevRef from section `Alternate types`_ ::
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
{ "name": "BlockdevRef", "meta-type": "alternate",
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
"members": [
{ "type": "BlockdevOptions" },
{ "type": "str" } ] }
The SchemaInfo for an array type has meta-type "array", and variant
member "element-type", which names the array's element type. Array
types are implicitly defined. For convenience, the array's name may
resemble the element type; however, clients should examine member
"element-type" instead of making assumptions based on parsing member
"name".
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
Example: the SchemaInfo for ['str'] ::
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
{ "name": "[str]", "meta-type": "array",
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
"element-type": "str" }
The SchemaInfo for an enumeration type has meta-type "enum" and
qapi: Enable enum member introspection to show more than name The next commit will add feature flags to enum members. There's a problem, though: query-qmp-schema shows an enum type's members as an array of member names (SchemaInfoEnum member @values). If it showed an array of objects with a name member, we could simply add more members to these objects. Since it's just strings, we can't. I can see three ways to correct this design mistake: 1. Do it the way we should have done it, plus compatibility goo. We want a ['SchemaInfoEnumMember'] member in SchemaInfoEnum. Since changing @values would be a compatibility break, add a new member @members instead. @values is now redundant. In my testing, output of qemu-system-x86_64's query-qmp-schema grows by 11% (18.5KiB). We can deprecate @values now and drop it later. This will break outmoded clients. Well-behaved clients such as libvirt are expected to break cleanly. 2. Like 1, but omit "boring" elements of @member, and empty @member. @values does not become redundant. @members augments it. Somewhat cumbersome, but output of query-qmp-schema grows only as we make enum members non-boring. There is nothing to deprecate here. 3. Versioned query-qmp-schema. query-qmp-schema provides either @values or @members. The QMP client can select which version it wants. There is no redundant output. We can deprecate old versions and eventually drop them. This will break outmoded clients. Breaking cleanly is easier than for 1. While 1 and 2 operate within the common rules for compatible evolution apply (section "Compatibility considerations" in docs/devel/qapi-code-gen.rst), 3 bypasses them. Attractive when operating within the rules is just too awkward. Not the case here. This commit implements 1. Libvirt developers prefer it. Deprecate @values in favour of @members. Since query-qmp-schema compatibility is pretty fundamental for management applications, an extended grace period is advised. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Tested-by: Peter Krempa <pkrempa@redhat.com> Acked-by: Peter Krempa <pkrempa@redhat.com> Message-Id: <20211025042405.3762351-2-armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: John Snow <jsnow@redhat.com>
2021-10-25 07:24:01 +03:00
variant member "members".
"members" is a JSON array describing the enumeration values. Each
element is a JSON object with member "name" (the member's name), and
optionally "features" (a JSON array of feature strings). The
qapi: Enable enum member introspection to show more than name The next commit will add feature flags to enum members. There's a problem, though: query-qmp-schema shows an enum type's members as an array of member names (SchemaInfoEnum member @values). If it showed an array of objects with a name member, we could simply add more members to these objects. Since it's just strings, we can't. I can see three ways to correct this design mistake: 1. Do it the way we should have done it, plus compatibility goo. We want a ['SchemaInfoEnumMember'] member in SchemaInfoEnum. Since changing @values would be a compatibility break, add a new member @members instead. @values is now redundant. In my testing, output of qemu-system-x86_64's query-qmp-schema grows by 11% (18.5KiB). We can deprecate @values now and drop it later. This will break outmoded clients. Well-behaved clients such as libvirt are expected to break cleanly. 2. Like 1, but omit "boring" elements of @member, and empty @member. @values does not become redundant. @members augments it. Somewhat cumbersome, but output of query-qmp-schema grows only as we make enum members non-boring. There is nothing to deprecate here. 3. Versioned query-qmp-schema. query-qmp-schema provides either @values or @members. The QMP client can select which version it wants. There is no redundant output. We can deprecate old versions and eventually drop them. This will break outmoded clients. Breaking cleanly is easier than for 1. While 1 and 2 operate within the common rules for compatible evolution apply (section "Compatibility considerations" in docs/devel/qapi-code-gen.rst), 3 bypasses them. Attractive when operating within the rules is just too awkward. Not the case here. This commit implements 1. Libvirt developers prefer it. Deprecate @values in favour of @members. Since query-qmp-schema compatibility is pretty fundamental for management applications, an extended grace period is advised. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Tested-by: Peter Krempa <pkrempa@redhat.com> Acked-by: Peter Krempa <pkrempa@redhat.com> Message-Id: <20211025042405.3762351-2-armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: John Snow <jsnow@redhat.com>
2021-10-25 07:24:01 +03:00
"members" array is in no particular order; clients must search the
entire array when learning whether a particular value is supported.
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
Example: the SchemaInfo for MyEnum from section `Enumeration types`_ ::
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
{ "name": "MyEnum", "meta-type": "enum",
qapi: Enable enum member introspection to show more than name The next commit will add feature flags to enum members. There's a problem, though: query-qmp-schema shows an enum type's members as an array of member names (SchemaInfoEnum member @values). If it showed an array of objects with a name member, we could simply add more members to these objects. Since it's just strings, we can't. I can see three ways to correct this design mistake: 1. Do it the way we should have done it, plus compatibility goo. We want a ['SchemaInfoEnumMember'] member in SchemaInfoEnum. Since changing @values would be a compatibility break, add a new member @members instead. @values is now redundant. In my testing, output of qemu-system-x86_64's query-qmp-schema grows by 11% (18.5KiB). We can deprecate @values now and drop it later. This will break outmoded clients. Well-behaved clients such as libvirt are expected to break cleanly. 2. Like 1, but omit "boring" elements of @member, and empty @member. @values does not become redundant. @members augments it. Somewhat cumbersome, but output of query-qmp-schema grows only as we make enum members non-boring. There is nothing to deprecate here. 3. Versioned query-qmp-schema. query-qmp-schema provides either @values or @members. The QMP client can select which version it wants. There is no redundant output. We can deprecate old versions and eventually drop them. This will break outmoded clients. Breaking cleanly is easier than for 1. While 1 and 2 operate within the common rules for compatible evolution apply (section "Compatibility considerations" in docs/devel/qapi-code-gen.rst), 3 bypasses them. Attractive when operating within the rules is just too awkward. Not the case here. This commit implements 1. Libvirt developers prefer it. Deprecate @values in favour of @members. Since query-qmp-schema compatibility is pretty fundamental for management applications, an extended grace period is advised. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Tested-by: Peter Krempa <pkrempa@redhat.com> Acked-by: Peter Krempa <pkrempa@redhat.com> Message-Id: <20211025042405.3762351-2-armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: John Snow <jsnow@redhat.com>
2021-10-25 07:24:01 +03:00
"members": [
{ "name": "value1" },
{ "name": "value2" },
{ "name": "value3" }
] }
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
The SchemaInfo for a built-in type has the same name as the type in
the QAPI schema (see section `Built-in Types`_), with one exception
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
detailed below. It has variant member "json-type" that shows how
values of this type are encoded on the wire.
Example: the SchemaInfo for str ::
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
{ "name": "str", "meta-type": "builtin", "json-type": "string" }
The QAPI schema supports a number of integer types that only differ in
how they map to C. They are identical as far as SchemaInfo is
concerned. Therefore, they get all mapped to a single type "int" in
SchemaInfo.
As explained above, type names are not part of the wire ABI. Not even
the names of built-in types. Clients should examine member
"json-type" instead of hard-coding names of built-in types.
Compatibility considerations
============================
Maintaining backward compatibility at the Client JSON Protocol level
while evolving the schema requires some care. This section is about
syntactic compatibility, which is necessary, but not sufficient, for
actual compatibility.
Clients send commands with argument data, and receive command
responses with return data and events with event data.
Adding opt-in functionality to the send direction is backwards
compatible: adding commands, optional arguments, enumeration values,
union and alternate branches; turning an argument type into an
alternate of that type; making mandatory arguments optional. Clients
oblivious of the new functionality continue to work.
Incompatible changes include removing commands, command arguments,
enumeration values, union and alternate branches, adding mandatory
command arguments, and making optional arguments mandatory.
The specified behavior of an absent optional argument should remain
the same. With proper documentation, this policy still allows some
flexibility; for example, when an optional 'buffer-size' argument is
specified to default to a sensible buffer size, the actual default
value can still be changed. The specified default behavior is not the
exact size of the buffer, only that the default size is sensible.
Adding functionality to the receive direction is generally backwards
compatible: adding events, adding return and event data members.
Clients are expected to ignore the ones they don't know.
Removing "unreachable" stuff like events that can't be triggered
anymore, optional return or event data members that can't be sent
anymore, and return or event data member (enumeration) values that
can't be sent anymore makes no difference to clients, except for
introspection. The latter can conceivably confuse clients, so tread
carefully.
Incompatible changes include removing return and event data members.
Any change to a command definition's 'data' or one of the types used
there (recursively) needs to consider send direction compatibility.
Any change to a command definition's 'return', an event definition's
'data', or one of the types used there (recursively) needs to consider
receive direction compatibility.
Any change to types used in both contexts need to consider both.
Enumeration type values and complex and alternate type members may be
reordered freely. For enumerations and alternate types, this doesn't
affect the wire encoding. For complex types, this might make the
implementation emit JSON object members in a different order, which
the Client JSON Protocol permits.
Since type names are not visible in the Client JSON Protocol, types
may be freely renamed. Even certain refactorings are invisible, such
as splitting members from one type into a common base type.
Code generation
===============
The QAPI code generator qapi-gen.py generates code and documentation
from the schema. Together with the core QAPI libraries, this code
provides everything required to take JSON commands read in by a Client
JSON Protocol server, unmarshal the arguments into the underlying C
types, call into the corresponding C function, map the response back
to a Client JSON Protocol response to be returned to the user, and
introspect the commands.
As an example, we'll use the following schema, which describes a
single complex user-defined type, along with command which takes a
list of that type as a parameter, and returns a single element of that
type. The user is responsible for writing the implementation of
qmp_my_command(); everything else is produced by the generator. ::
$ cat example-schema.json
{ 'struct': 'UserDefOne',
'data': { 'integer': 'int', '*string': 'str' } }
{ 'command': 'my-command',
'data': { 'arg1': ['UserDefOne'] },
'returns': 'UserDefOne' }
{ 'event': 'MY_EVENT' }
We run qapi-gen.py like this::
$ python scripts/qapi-gen.py --output-dir="qapi-generated" \
--prefix="example-" example-schema.json
For a more thorough look at generated code, the testsuite includes
tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-tests.json that covers more examples of
what the generator will accept, and compiles the resulting C code as
part of 'make check-unit'.
Code generated for QAPI types
-----------------------------
The following files are created:
``$(prefix)qapi-types.h``
C types corresponding to types defined in the schema
``$(prefix)qapi-types.c``
Cleanup functions for the above C types
The $(prefix) is an optional parameter used as a namespace to keep the
generated code from one schema/code-generation separated from others so code
can be generated/used from multiple schemas without clobbering previously
created code.
Example::
$ cat qapi-generated/example-qapi-types.h
[Uninteresting stuff omitted...]
#ifndef EXAMPLE_QAPI_TYPES_H
#define EXAMPLE_QAPI_TYPES_H
#include "qapi/qapi-builtin-types.h"
typedef struct UserDefOne UserDefOne;
typedef struct UserDefOneList UserDefOneList;
typedef struct q_obj_my_command_arg q_obj_my_command_arg;
struct UserDefOne {
int64_t integer;
bool has_string;
char *string;
};
void qapi_free_UserDefOne(UserDefOne *obj);
qapi: enable use of g_autoptr with QAPI types Currently QAPI generates a type and function for free'ing it: typedef struct QCryptoBlockCreateOptions QCryptoBlockCreateOptions; void qapi_free_QCryptoBlockCreateOptions(QCryptoBlockCreateOptions *obj); This is used in the traditional manner: QCryptoBlockCreateOptions *opts = NULL; opts = g_new0(QCryptoBlockCreateOptions, 1); ....do stuff with opts... qapi_free_QCryptoBlockCreateOptions(opts); Since bumping the min glib to 2.48, QEMU has incrementally adopted the use of g_auto/g_autoptr. This allows the compiler to run a function to free a variable when it goes out of scope, the benefit being the compiler can guarantee it is freed in all possible code ptahs. This benefit is applicable to QAPI types too, and given the seriously long method names for some qapi_free_XXXX() functions, is much less typing. This change thus makes the code generator emit: G_DEFINE_AUTOPTR_CLEANUP_FUNC(QCryptoBlockCreateOptions, qapi_free_QCryptoBlockCreateOptions) The above code example now becomes g_autoptr(QCryptoBlockCreateOptions) opts = NULL; opts = g_new0(QCryptoBlockCreateOptions, 1); ....do stuff with opts... Note, if the local pointer needs to live beyond the scope holding the variable, then g_steal_pointer can be used. This is useful to return the pointer to the caller in the success codepath, while letting it be freed in all error codepaths. return g_steal_pointer(&opts); The crypto/block.h header needs updating to avoid symbol clash now that the g_autoptr support is a standard QAPI feature. Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com> Message-Id: <20200723153845.2934357-1-berrange@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
2020-07-23 18:38:45 +03:00
G_DEFINE_AUTOPTR_CLEANUP_FUNC(UserDefOne, qapi_free_UserDefOne)
struct UserDefOneList {
UserDefOneList *next;
UserDefOne *value;
};
void qapi_free_UserDefOneList(UserDefOneList *obj);
qapi: enable use of g_autoptr with QAPI types Currently QAPI generates a type and function for free'ing it: typedef struct QCryptoBlockCreateOptions QCryptoBlockCreateOptions; void qapi_free_QCryptoBlockCreateOptions(QCryptoBlockCreateOptions *obj); This is used in the traditional manner: QCryptoBlockCreateOptions *opts = NULL; opts = g_new0(QCryptoBlockCreateOptions, 1); ....do stuff with opts... qapi_free_QCryptoBlockCreateOptions(opts); Since bumping the min glib to 2.48, QEMU has incrementally adopted the use of g_auto/g_autoptr. This allows the compiler to run a function to free a variable when it goes out of scope, the benefit being the compiler can guarantee it is freed in all possible code ptahs. This benefit is applicable to QAPI types too, and given the seriously long method names for some qapi_free_XXXX() functions, is much less typing. This change thus makes the code generator emit: G_DEFINE_AUTOPTR_CLEANUP_FUNC(QCryptoBlockCreateOptions, qapi_free_QCryptoBlockCreateOptions) The above code example now becomes g_autoptr(QCryptoBlockCreateOptions) opts = NULL; opts = g_new0(QCryptoBlockCreateOptions, 1); ....do stuff with opts... Note, if the local pointer needs to live beyond the scope holding the variable, then g_steal_pointer can be used. This is useful to return the pointer to the caller in the success codepath, while letting it be freed in all error codepaths. return g_steal_pointer(&opts); The crypto/block.h header needs updating to avoid symbol clash now that the g_autoptr support is a standard QAPI feature. Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com> Message-Id: <20200723153845.2934357-1-berrange@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
2020-07-23 18:38:45 +03:00
G_DEFINE_AUTOPTR_CLEANUP_FUNC(UserDefOneList, qapi_free_UserDefOneList)
struct q_obj_my_command_arg {
UserDefOneList *arg1;
};
#endif /* EXAMPLE_QAPI_TYPES_H */
$ cat qapi-generated/example-qapi-types.c
[Uninteresting stuff omitted...]
qapi-types: Convert to QAPISchemaVisitor, fixing flat unions Fixes flat unions to get the base's base members. Test case is from commit 2fc0043, in qapi-schema-test.json: { 'union': 'UserDefFlatUnion', 'base': 'UserDefUnionBase', 'discriminator': 'enum1', 'data': { 'value1' : 'UserDefA', 'value2' : 'UserDefB', 'value3' : 'UserDefB' } } { 'struct': 'UserDefUnionBase', 'base': 'UserDefZero', 'data': { 'string': 'str', 'enum1': 'EnumOne' } } { 'struct': 'UserDefZero', 'data': { 'integer': 'int' } } Patch's effect on UserDefFlatUnion: struct UserDefFlatUnion { /* Members inherited from UserDefUnionBase: */ + int64_t integer; char *string; EnumOne enum1; /* Own members: */ union { /* union tag is @enum1 */ void *data; UserDefA *value1; UserDefB *value2; UserDefB *value3; }; }; Flat union visitors remain broken. They'll be fixed next. Code is generated in a different order now, but that doesn't matter. The two guards QAPI_TYPES_BUILTIN_STRUCT_DECL and QAPI_TYPES_BUILTIN_CLEANUP_DECL are replaced by just QAPI_TYPES_BUILTIN. Two ugly special cases for simple unions now stand out like sore thumbs: 1. The type tag is named 'type' everywhere, except in generated C, where it's 'kind'. 2. QAPISchema lowers simple unions to semantically equivalent flat unions. However, the C generated for a simple unions differs from the C generated for its equivalent flat union, and we therefore need special code to preserve that pointless difference for now. Mark both TODO. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:09 +03:00
void qapi_free_UserDefOne(UserDefOne *obj)
{
Visitor *v;
if (!obj) {
return;
}
v = qapi_dealloc_visitor_new();
visit_type_UserDefOne(v, NULL, &obj, NULL);
visit_free(v);
}
qapi-types: Convert to QAPISchemaVisitor, fixing flat unions Fixes flat unions to get the base's base members. Test case is from commit 2fc0043, in qapi-schema-test.json: { 'union': 'UserDefFlatUnion', 'base': 'UserDefUnionBase', 'discriminator': 'enum1', 'data': { 'value1' : 'UserDefA', 'value2' : 'UserDefB', 'value3' : 'UserDefB' } } { 'struct': 'UserDefUnionBase', 'base': 'UserDefZero', 'data': { 'string': 'str', 'enum1': 'EnumOne' } } { 'struct': 'UserDefZero', 'data': { 'integer': 'int' } } Patch's effect on UserDefFlatUnion: struct UserDefFlatUnion { /* Members inherited from UserDefUnionBase: */ + int64_t integer; char *string; EnumOne enum1; /* Own members: */ union { /* union tag is @enum1 */ void *data; UserDefA *value1; UserDefB *value2; UserDefB *value3; }; }; Flat union visitors remain broken. They'll be fixed next. Code is generated in a different order now, but that doesn't matter. The two guards QAPI_TYPES_BUILTIN_STRUCT_DECL and QAPI_TYPES_BUILTIN_CLEANUP_DECL are replaced by just QAPI_TYPES_BUILTIN. Two ugly special cases for simple unions now stand out like sore thumbs: 1. The type tag is named 'type' everywhere, except in generated C, where it's 'kind'. 2. QAPISchema lowers simple unions to semantically equivalent flat unions. However, the C generated for a simple unions differs from the C generated for its equivalent flat union, and we therefore need special code to preserve that pointless difference for now. Mark both TODO. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:09 +03:00
void qapi_free_UserDefOneList(UserDefOneList *obj)
{
Visitor *v;
if (!obj) {
return;
}
v = qapi_dealloc_visitor_new();
visit_type_UserDefOneList(v, NULL, &obj, NULL);
visit_free(v);
}
[Uninteresting stuff omitted...]
For a modular QAPI schema (see section `Include directives`_), code for
each sub-module SUBDIR/SUBMODULE.json is actually generated into ::
SUBDIR/$(prefix)qapi-types-SUBMODULE.h
SUBDIR/$(prefix)qapi-types-SUBMODULE.c
If qapi-gen.py is run with option --builtins, additional files are
created:
``qapi-builtin-types.h``
C types corresponding to built-in types
``qapi-builtin-types.c``
Cleanup functions for the above C types
Code generated for visiting QAPI types
--------------------------------------
These are the visitor functions used to walk through and convert
between a native QAPI C data structure and some other format (such as
QObject); the generated functions are named visit_type_FOO() and
visit_type_FOO_members().
The following files are generated:
``$(prefix)qapi-visit.c``
Visitor function for a particular C type, used to automagically
convert QObjects into the corresponding C type and vice-versa, as
well as for deallocating memory for an existing C type
``$(prefix)qapi-visit.h``
Declarations for previously mentioned visitor functions
Example::
$ cat qapi-generated/example-qapi-visit.h
[Uninteresting stuff omitted...]
#ifndef EXAMPLE_QAPI_VISIT_H
#define EXAMPLE_QAPI_VISIT_H
#include "qapi/qapi-builtin-visit.h"
#include "example-qapi-types.h"
bool visit_type_UserDefOne_members(Visitor *v, UserDefOne *obj, Error **errp);
bool visit_type_UserDefOne(Visitor *v, const char *name,
UserDefOne **obj, Error **errp);
bool visit_type_UserDefOneList(Visitor *v, const char *name,
UserDefOneList **obj, Error **errp);
bool visit_type_q_obj_my_command_arg_members(Visitor *v, q_obj_my_command_arg *obj, Error **errp);
#endif /* EXAMPLE_QAPI_VISIT_H */
$ cat qapi-generated/example-qapi-visit.c
[Uninteresting stuff omitted...]
bool visit_type_UserDefOne_members(Visitor *v, UserDefOne *obj, Error **errp)
{
if (!visit_type_int(v, "integer", &obj->integer, errp)) {
return false;
qapi: Replace uncommon use of the error API by the common one We commonly use the error API like this: err = NULL; foo(..., &err); if (err) { goto out; } bar(..., &err); Every error source is checked separately. The second function is only called when the first one succeeds. Both functions are free to pass their argument to error_set(). Because error_set() asserts no error has been set, this effectively means they must not be called with an error set. The qapi-generated code uses the error API differently: // *errp was initialized to NULL somewhere up the call chain frob(..., errp); gnat(..., errp); Errors accumulate in *errp: first error wins, subsequent errors get dropped. To make this work, the second function does nothing when called with an error set. Requires non-null errp, or else the second function can't see the first one fail. This usage has also bled into visitor tests, and two device model object property getters rtc_get_date() and balloon_stats_get_all(). With the "accumulate" technique, you need fewer error checks in callers, and buy that with an error check in every callee. Can be nice. However, mixing the two techniques is confusing. You can't use the "accumulate" technique with functions designed for the "check separately" technique. You can use the "check separately" technique with functions designed for the "accumulate" technique, but then error_set() can't catch you setting an error more than once. Standardize on the "check separately" technique for now, because it's overwhelmingly prevalent. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
2014-05-07 11:53:54 +04:00
}
if (visit_optional(v, "string", &obj->has_string)) {
if (!visit_type_str(v, "string", &obj->string, errp)) {
return false;
}
qapi: Replace uncommon use of the error API by the common one We commonly use the error API like this: err = NULL; foo(..., &err); if (err) { goto out; } bar(..., &err); Every error source is checked separately. The second function is only called when the first one succeeds. Both functions are free to pass their argument to error_set(). Because error_set() asserts no error has been set, this effectively means they must not be called with an error set. The qapi-generated code uses the error API differently: // *errp was initialized to NULL somewhere up the call chain frob(..., errp); gnat(..., errp); Errors accumulate in *errp: first error wins, subsequent errors get dropped. To make this work, the second function does nothing when called with an error set. Requires non-null errp, or else the second function can't see the first one fail. This usage has also bled into visitor tests, and two device model object property getters rtc_get_date() and balloon_stats_get_all(). With the "accumulate" technique, you need fewer error checks in callers, and buy that with an error check in every callee. Can be nice. However, mixing the two techniques is confusing. You can't use the "accumulate" technique with functions designed for the "check separately" technique. You can use the "check separately" technique with functions designed for the "accumulate" technique, but then error_set() can't catch you setting an error more than once. Standardize on the "check separately" technique for now, because it's overwhelmingly prevalent. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
2014-05-07 11:53:54 +04:00
}
return true;
}
bool visit_type_UserDefOne(Visitor *v, const char *name,
UserDefOne **obj, Error **errp)
{
bool ok = false;
qapi: Replace uncommon use of the error API by the common one We commonly use the error API like this: err = NULL; foo(..., &err); if (err) { goto out; } bar(..., &err); Every error source is checked separately. The second function is only called when the first one succeeds. Both functions are free to pass their argument to error_set(). Because error_set() asserts no error has been set, this effectively means they must not be called with an error set. The qapi-generated code uses the error API differently: // *errp was initialized to NULL somewhere up the call chain frob(..., errp); gnat(..., errp); Errors accumulate in *errp: first error wins, subsequent errors get dropped. To make this work, the second function does nothing when called with an error set. Requires non-null errp, or else the second function can't see the first one fail. This usage has also bled into visitor tests, and two device model object property getters rtc_get_date() and balloon_stats_get_all(). With the "accumulate" technique, you need fewer error checks in callers, and buy that with an error check in every callee. Can be nice. However, mixing the two techniques is confusing. You can't use the "accumulate" technique with functions designed for the "check separately" technique. You can use the "check separately" technique with functions designed for the "accumulate" technique, but then error_set() can't catch you setting an error more than once. Standardize on the "check separately" technique for now, because it's overwhelmingly prevalent. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
2014-05-07 11:53:54 +04:00
if (!visit_start_struct(v, name, (void **)obj, sizeof(UserDefOne), errp)) {
return false;
}
if (!*obj) {
/* incomplete */
assert(visit_is_dealloc(v));
ok = true;
goto out_obj;
}
if (!visit_type_UserDefOne_members(v, *obj, errp)) {
qapi: Split visit_end_struct() into pieces As mentioned in previous patches, we want to call visit_end_struct() functions unconditionally, so that visitors can release resources tied up since the matching visit_start_struct() without also having to worry about error priority if more than one error occurs. Even though error_propagate() can be safely used to ignore a second error during cleanup caused by a first error, it is simpler if the cleanup cannot set an error. So, split out the error checking portion (basically, input visitors checking for unvisited keys) into a new function visit_check_struct(), which can be safely skipped if any earlier errors are encountered, and leave the cleanup portion (which never fails, but must be called unconditionally if visit_start_struct() succeeded) in visit_end_struct(). Generated code in qapi-visit.c has diffs resembling: |@@ -59,10 +59,12 @@ void visit_type_ACPIOSTInfo(Visitor *v, | goto out_obj; | } | visit_type_ACPIOSTInfo_members(v, obj, &err); |- error_propagate(errp, err); |- err = NULL; |+ if (err) { |+ goto out_obj; |+ } |+ visit_check_struct(v, &err); | out_obj: |- visit_end_struct(v, &err); |+ visit_end_struct(v); | out: and in qapi-event.c: @@ -47,7 +47,10 @@ void qapi_event_send_acpi_device_ost(ACP | goto out; | } | visit_type_q_obj_ACPI_DEVICE_OST_arg_members(v, &param, &err); |- visit_end_struct(v, err ? NULL : &err); |+ if (!err) { |+ visit_check_struct(v, &err); |+ } |+ visit_end_struct(v); | if (err) { | goto out; Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Message-Id: <1461879932-9020-20-git-send-email-eblake@redhat.com> [Conflict with a doc fixup resolved] Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
2016-04-29 00:45:27 +03:00
goto out_obj;
}
ok = visit_check_struct(v, errp);
out_obj:
2016-06-09 19:48:34 +03:00
visit_end_struct(v, (void **)obj);
if (!ok && visit_is_input(v)) {
qapi: Change visit_type_FOO() to no longer return partial objects Returning a partial object on error is an invitation for a careless caller to leak memory. We already fixed things in an earlier patch to guarantee NULL if visit_start fails ("qapi: Guarantee NULL obj on input visitor callback error"), but that does not help the case where visit_start succeeds but some other failure happens before visit_end, such that we leak a partially constructed object outside visit_type_FOO(). As no one outside the testsuite was actually relying on these semantics, it is cleaner to just document and guarantee that ALL pointer-based visit_type_FOO() functions always leave a safe value in *obj during an input visitor (either the new object on success, or NULL if an error is encountered), so callers can now unconditionally use qapi_free_FOO() to clean up regardless of whether an error occurred. The decision is done by adding visit_is_input(), then updating the generated code to check if additional cleanup is needed based on the type of visitor in use. Note that we still leave *obj unchanged after a scalar-based visit_type_FOO(); I did not feel like auditing all uses of visit_type_Enum() to see if the callers would tolerate a specific sentinel value (not to mention having to decide whether it would be better to use 0 or ENUM__MAX as that sentinel). Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Message-Id: <1461879932-9020-25-git-send-email-eblake@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
2016-04-29 00:45:32 +03:00
qapi_free_UserDefOne(*obj);
*obj = NULL;
}
return ok;
}
bool visit_type_UserDefOneList(Visitor *v, const char *name,
UserDefOneList **obj, Error **errp)
{
bool ok = false;
qapi: Simplify semantics of visit_next_list() The semantics of the list visit are somewhat baroque, with the following pseudocode when FooList is used: start() for (prev = head; cur = next(prev); prev = &cur) { visit(&cur->value) } Note that these semantics (advance before visit) requires that the first call to next() return the list head, while all other calls return the next element of the list; that is, every visitor implementation is required to track extra state to decide whether to return the input as-is, or to advance. It also requires an argument of 'GenericList **' to next(), solely because the first iteration might need to modify the caller's GenericList head, so that all other calls have to do a layer of dereferencing. Thankfully, we only have two uses of list visits in the entire code base: one in spapr_drc (which completely avoids visit_next_list(), feeding in integers from a different source than uint8List), and one in qapi-visit.py. That is, all other list visitors are generated in qapi-visit.c, and share the same paradigm based on a qapi FooList type, so we can refactor how lists are laid out with minimal churn among clients. We can greatly simplify things by hoisting the special case into the start() routine, and flipping the order in the loop to visit before advance: start(head) for (tail = *head; tail; tail = next(tail)) { visit(&tail->value) } With the simpler semantics, visitors have less state to track, the argument to next() is reduced to 'GenericList *', and it also becomes obvious whether an input visitor is allocating a FooList during visit_start_list() (rather than the old way of not knowing if an allocation happened until the first visit_next_list()). As a minor drawback, we now allocate in two functions instead of one, and have to pass the size to both functions (unless we were to tweak the input visitors to cache the size to start_list for reuse during next_list, but that defeats the goal of less visitor state). The signature of visit_start_list() is chosen to match visit_start_struct(), with the new parameters after 'name'. The spapr_drc case is a virtual visit, done by passing NULL for list, similarly to how NULL is passed to visit_start_struct() when a qapi type is not used in those visits. It was easy to provide these semantics for qmp-output and dealloc visitors, and a bit harder for qmp-input (several prerequisite patches refactored things to make this patch straightforward). But it turned out that the string and opts visitors munge enough other state during visit_next_list() to make it easier to just document and require a GenericList visit for now; an assertion will remind us to adjust things if we need the semantics in the future. Several pre-requisite cleanup patches made the reshuffling of the various visitors easier; particularly the qmp input visitor. Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Message-Id: <1461879932-9020-24-git-send-email-eblake@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
2016-04-29 00:45:31 +03:00
UserDefOneList *tail;
size_t size = sizeof(**obj);
if (!visit_start_list(v, name, (GenericList **)obj, size, errp)) {
return false;
qapi: Replace uncommon use of the error API by the common one We commonly use the error API like this: err = NULL; foo(..., &err); if (err) { goto out; } bar(..., &err); Every error source is checked separately. The second function is only called when the first one succeeds. Both functions are free to pass their argument to error_set(). Because error_set() asserts no error has been set, this effectively means they must not be called with an error set. The qapi-generated code uses the error API differently: // *errp was initialized to NULL somewhere up the call chain frob(..., errp); gnat(..., errp); Errors accumulate in *errp: first error wins, subsequent errors get dropped. To make this work, the second function does nothing when called with an error set. Requires non-null errp, or else the second function can't see the first one fail. This usage has also bled into visitor tests, and two device model object property getters rtc_get_date() and balloon_stats_get_all(). With the "accumulate" technique, you need fewer error checks in callers, and buy that with an error check in every callee. Can be nice. However, mixing the two techniques is confusing. You can't use the "accumulate" technique with functions designed for the "check separately" technique. You can use the "check separately" technique with functions designed for the "accumulate" technique, but then error_set() can't catch you setting an error more than once. Standardize on the "check separately" technique for now, because it's overwhelmingly prevalent. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
2014-05-07 11:53:54 +04:00
}
qapi: Simplify semantics of visit_next_list() The semantics of the list visit are somewhat baroque, with the following pseudocode when FooList is used: start() for (prev = head; cur = next(prev); prev = &cur) { visit(&cur->value) } Note that these semantics (advance before visit) requires that the first call to next() return the list head, while all other calls return the next element of the list; that is, every visitor implementation is required to track extra state to decide whether to return the input as-is, or to advance. It also requires an argument of 'GenericList **' to next(), solely because the first iteration might need to modify the caller's GenericList head, so that all other calls have to do a layer of dereferencing. Thankfully, we only have two uses of list visits in the entire code base: one in spapr_drc (which completely avoids visit_next_list(), feeding in integers from a different source than uint8List), and one in qapi-visit.py. That is, all other list visitors are generated in qapi-visit.c, and share the same paradigm based on a qapi FooList type, so we can refactor how lists are laid out with minimal churn among clients. We can greatly simplify things by hoisting the special case into the start() routine, and flipping the order in the loop to visit before advance: start(head) for (tail = *head; tail; tail = next(tail)) { visit(&tail->value) } With the simpler semantics, visitors have less state to track, the argument to next() is reduced to 'GenericList *', and it also becomes obvious whether an input visitor is allocating a FooList during visit_start_list() (rather than the old way of not knowing if an allocation happened until the first visit_next_list()). As a minor drawback, we now allocate in two functions instead of one, and have to pass the size to both functions (unless we were to tweak the input visitors to cache the size to start_list for reuse during next_list, but that defeats the goal of less visitor state). The signature of visit_start_list() is chosen to match visit_start_struct(), with the new parameters after 'name'. The spapr_drc case is a virtual visit, done by passing NULL for list, similarly to how NULL is passed to visit_start_struct() when a qapi type is not used in those visits. It was easy to provide these semantics for qmp-output and dealloc visitors, and a bit harder for qmp-input (several prerequisite patches refactored things to make this patch straightforward). But it turned out that the string and opts visitors munge enough other state during visit_next_list() to make it easier to just document and require a GenericList visit for now; an assertion will remind us to adjust things if we need the semantics in the future. Several pre-requisite cleanup patches made the reshuffling of the various visitors easier; particularly the qmp input visitor. Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Message-Id: <1461879932-9020-24-git-send-email-eblake@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
2016-04-29 00:45:31 +03:00
for (tail = *obj; tail;
tail = (UserDefOneList *)visit_next_list(v, (GenericList *)tail, size)) {
if (!visit_type_UserDefOne(v, NULL, &tail->value, errp)) {
goto out_obj;
qapi: Simplify semantics of visit_next_list() The semantics of the list visit are somewhat baroque, with the following pseudocode when FooList is used: start() for (prev = head; cur = next(prev); prev = &cur) { visit(&cur->value) } Note that these semantics (advance before visit) requires that the first call to next() return the list head, while all other calls return the next element of the list; that is, every visitor implementation is required to track extra state to decide whether to return the input as-is, or to advance. It also requires an argument of 'GenericList **' to next(), solely because the first iteration might need to modify the caller's GenericList head, so that all other calls have to do a layer of dereferencing. Thankfully, we only have two uses of list visits in the entire code base: one in spapr_drc (which completely avoids visit_next_list(), feeding in integers from a different source than uint8List), and one in qapi-visit.py. That is, all other list visitors are generated in qapi-visit.c, and share the same paradigm based on a qapi FooList type, so we can refactor how lists are laid out with minimal churn among clients. We can greatly simplify things by hoisting the special case into the start() routine, and flipping the order in the loop to visit before advance: start(head) for (tail = *head; tail; tail = next(tail)) { visit(&tail->value) } With the simpler semantics, visitors have less state to track, the argument to next() is reduced to 'GenericList *', and it also becomes obvious whether an input visitor is allocating a FooList during visit_start_list() (rather than the old way of not knowing if an allocation happened until the first visit_next_list()). As a minor drawback, we now allocate in two functions instead of one, and have to pass the size to both functions (unless we were to tweak the input visitors to cache the size to start_list for reuse during next_list, but that defeats the goal of less visitor state). The signature of visit_start_list() is chosen to match visit_start_struct(), with the new parameters after 'name'. The spapr_drc case is a virtual visit, done by passing NULL for list, similarly to how NULL is passed to visit_start_struct() when a qapi type is not used in those visits. It was easy to provide these semantics for qmp-output and dealloc visitors, and a bit harder for qmp-input (several prerequisite patches refactored things to make this patch straightforward). But it turned out that the string and opts visitors munge enough other state during visit_next_list() to make it easier to just document and require a GenericList visit for now; an assertion will remind us to adjust things if we need the semantics in the future. Several pre-requisite cleanup patches made the reshuffling of the various visitors easier; particularly the qmp input visitor. Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Message-Id: <1461879932-9020-24-git-send-email-eblake@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
2016-04-29 00:45:31 +03:00
}
}
qapi: Replace uncommon use of the error API by the common one We commonly use the error API like this: err = NULL; foo(..., &err); if (err) { goto out; } bar(..., &err); Every error source is checked separately. The second function is only called when the first one succeeds. Both functions are free to pass their argument to error_set(). Because error_set() asserts no error has been set, this effectively means they must not be called with an error set. The qapi-generated code uses the error API differently: // *errp was initialized to NULL somewhere up the call chain frob(..., errp); gnat(..., errp); Errors accumulate in *errp: first error wins, subsequent errors get dropped. To make this work, the second function does nothing when called with an error set. Requires non-null errp, or else the second function can't see the first one fail. This usage has also bled into visitor tests, and two device model object property getters rtc_get_date() and balloon_stats_get_all(). With the "accumulate" technique, you need fewer error checks in callers, and buy that with an error check in every callee. Can be nice. However, mixing the two techniques is confusing. You can't use the "accumulate" technique with functions designed for the "check separately" technique. You can use the "check separately" technique with functions designed for the "accumulate" technique, but then error_set() can't catch you setting an error more than once. Standardize on the "check separately" technique for now, because it's overwhelmingly prevalent. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
2014-05-07 11:53:54 +04:00
ok = visit_check_list(v, errp);
out_obj:
2016-06-09 19:48:34 +03:00
visit_end_list(v, (void **)obj);
if (!ok && visit_is_input(v)) {
qapi: Change visit_type_FOO() to no longer return partial objects Returning a partial object on error is an invitation for a careless caller to leak memory. We already fixed things in an earlier patch to guarantee NULL if visit_start fails ("qapi: Guarantee NULL obj on input visitor callback error"), but that does not help the case where visit_start succeeds but some other failure happens before visit_end, such that we leak a partially constructed object outside visit_type_FOO(). As no one outside the testsuite was actually relying on these semantics, it is cleaner to just document and guarantee that ALL pointer-based visit_type_FOO() functions always leave a safe value in *obj during an input visitor (either the new object on success, or NULL if an error is encountered), so callers can now unconditionally use qapi_free_FOO() to clean up regardless of whether an error occurred. The decision is done by adding visit_is_input(), then updating the generated code to check if additional cleanup is needed based on the type of visitor in use. Note that we still leave *obj unchanged after a scalar-based visit_type_FOO(); I did not feel like auditing all uses of visit_type_Enum() to see if the callers would tolerate a specific sentinel value (not to mention having to decide whether it would be better to use 0 or ENUM__MAX as that sentinel). Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Message-Id: <1461879932-9020-25-git-send-email-eblake@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
2016-04-29 00:45:32 +03:00
qapi_free_UserDefOneList(*obj);
*obj = NULL;
}
return ok;
}
bool visit_type_q_obj_my_command_arg_members(Visitor *v, q_obj_my_command_arg *obj, Error **errp)
{
if (!visit_type_UserDefOneList(v, "arg1", &obj->arg1, errp)) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
[Uninteresting stuff omitted...]
For a modular QAPI schema (see section `Include directives`_), code for
each sub-module SUBDIR/SUBMODULE.json is actually generated into ::
SUBDIR/$(prefix)qapi-visit-SUBMODULE.h
SUBDIR/$(prefix)qapi-visit-SUBMODULE.c
If qapi-gen.py is run with option --builtins, additional files are
created:
``qapi-builtin-visit.h``
Visitor functions for built-in types
``qapi-builtin-visit.c``
Declarations for these visitor functions
Code generated for commands
---------------------------
These are the marshaling/dispatch functions for the commands defined
in the schema. The generated code provides qmp_marshal_COMMAND(), and
declares qmp_COMMAND() that the user must implement.
The following files are generated:
``$(prefix)qapi-commands.c``
Command marshal/dispatch functions for each QMP command defined in
the schema
``$(prefix)qapi-commands.h``
Function prototypes for the QMP commands specified in the schema
``$(prefix)qapi-commands.trace-events``
Trace event declarations, see :ref:`tracing`.
``$(prefix)qapi-init-commands.h``
Command initialization prototype
``$(prefix)qapi-init-commands.c``
Command initialization code
Example::
$ cat qapi-generated/example-qapi-commands.h
[Uninteresting stuff omitted...]
#ifndef EXAMPLE_QAPI_COMMANDS_H
#define EXAMPLE_QAPI_COMMANDS_H
#include "example-qapi-types.h"
UserDefOne *qmp_my_command(UserDefOneList *arg1, Error **errp);
void qmp_marshal_my_command(QDict *args, QObject **ret, Error **errp);
#endif /* EXAMPLE_QAPI_COMMANDS_H */
$ cat qapi-generated/example-qapi-commands.trace-events
# AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED, DO NOT MODIFY
qmp_enter_my_command(const char *json) "%s"
qmp_exit_my_command(const char *result, bool succeeded) "%s %d"
$ cat qapi-generated/example-qapi-commands.c
[Uninteresting stuff omitted...]
static void qmp_marshal_output_UserDefOne(UserDefOne *ret_in,
QObject **ret_out, Error **errp)
{
Visitor *v;
v = qobject_output_visitor_new_qmp(ret_out);
if (visit_type_UserDefOne(v, "unused", &ret_in, errp)) {
qapi: Add new visit_complete() function Making each output visitor provide its own output collection function was the only remaining reason for exposing visitor sub-types to the rest of the code base. Add a polymorphic visit_complete() function which is a no-op for input visitors, and which populates an opaque pointer for output visitors. For maximum type-safety, also add a parameter to the output visitor constructors with a type-correct version of the output pointer, and assert that the two uses match. This approach was considered superior to either passing the output parameter only during construction (action at a distance during visit_free() feels awkward) or only during visit_complete() (defeating type safety makes it easier to use incorrectly). Most callers were function-local, and therefore a mechanical conversion; the testsuite was a bit trickier, but the previous cleanup patch minimized the churn here. The visit_complete() function may be called at most once; doing so lets us use transfer semantics rather than duplication or ref-count semantics to get the just-built output back to the caller, even though it means our behavior is not idempotent. Generated code is simplified as follows for events: |@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ void qapi_event_send_acpi_device_ost(ACP | QDict *qmp; | Error *err = NULL; | QMPEventFuncEmit emit; |- QmpOutputVisitor *qov; |+ QObject *obj; | Visitor *v; | q_obj_ACPI_DEVICE_OST_arg param = { | info |@@ -39,8 +39,7 @@ void qapi_event_send_acpi_device_ost(ACP | | qmp = qmp_event_build_dict("ACPI_DEVICE_OST"); | |- qov = qmp_output_visitor_new(); |- v = qmp_output_get_visitor(qov); |+ v = qmp_output_visitor_new(&obj); | | visit_start_struct(v, "ACPI_DEVICE_OST", NULL, 0, &err); | if (err) { |@@ -55,7 +54,8 @@ void qapi_event_send_acpi_device_ost(ACP | goto out; | } | |- qdict_put_obj(qmp, "data", qmp_output_get_qobject(qov)); |+ visit_complete(v, &obj); |+ qdict_put_obj(qmp, "data", obj); | emit(QAPI_EVENT_ACPI_DEVICE_OST, qmp, &err); and for commands: | { | Error *err = NULL; |- QmpOutputVisitor *qov = qmp_output_visitor_new(); | Visitor *v; | |- v = qmp_output_get_visitor(qov); |+ v = qmp_output_visitor_new(ret_out); | visit_type_AddfdInfo(v, "unused", &ret_in, &err); |- if (err) { |- goto out; |+ if (!err) { |+ visit_complete(v, ret_out); | } |- *ret_out = qmp_output_get_qobject(qov); |- |-out: | error_propagate(errp, err); Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Message-Id: <1465490926-28625-13-git-send-email-eblake@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
2016-06-09 19:48:43 +03:00
visit_complete(v, ret_out);
}
visit_free(v);
v = qapi_dealloc_visitor_new();
visit_type_UserDefOne(v, "unused", &ret_in, NULL);
visit_free(v);
}
void qmp_marshal_my_command(QDict *args, QObject **ret, Error **errp)
{
Error *err = NULL;
bool ok = false;
Visitor *v;
UserDefOne *retval;
q_obj_my_command_arg arg = {0};
v = qobject_input_visitor_new_qmp(QOBJECT(args));
if (!visit_start_struct(v, NULL, NULL, 0, errp)) {
qapi-commands: Wrap argument visit in visit_start_struct The qmp-input visitor was allowing callers to play rather fast and loose: when visiting a QDict, you could grab members of the root dictionary without first pushing into the dict; among the culprit callers was the generated marshal code on the 'arguments' dictionary of a QMP command. But we are about to tighten the input visitor, at which point the generated marshal code MUST follow the same paradigms as everyone else, of pushing into the struct before grabbing its keys. Generated code grows as follows: |@@ -515,7 +641,12 @@ void qmp_marshal_blockdev_backup(QDict * | BlockdevBackup arg = {0}; | | v = qmp_input_get_visitor(qiv); |+ visit_start_struct(v, NULL, NULL, 0, &err); |+ if (err) { |+ goto out; |+ } | visit_type_BlockdevBackup_members(v, &arg, &err); |+ visit_end_struct(v, err ? NULL : &err); | if (err) { | goto out; | } |@@ -527,7 +715,9 @@ out: | qmp_input_visitor_cleanup(qiv); | qdv = qapi_dealloc_visitor_new(); | v = qapi_dealloc_get_visitor(qdv); |+ visit_start_struct(v, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL); | visit_type_BlockdevBackup_members(v, &arg, NULL); |+ visit_end_struct(v, NULL); | qapi_dealloc_visitor_cleanup(qdv); | } The use of 'err ? NULL : &err' is temporary; a later patch will clean that up when it splits visit_end_struct(). Prior to this patch, the fact that there was no final visit_end_struct() meant that even though we are using a strict input visit, the marshalling code was not detecting excess input at the top level (only in nested levels). Fortunately, we have code in monitor.c:qmp_check_client_args() that also checks for no excess arguments at the top level. But as the generated code is more compact than the manual check, a later patch will clean up monitor.c to drop the redundancy added here. Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Message-Id: <1461879932-9020-9-git-send-email-eblake@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
2016-04-29 00:45:16 +03:00
goto out;
}
if (visit_type_q_obj_my_command_arg_members(v, &arg, errp)) {
ok = visit_check_struct(v, errp);
qapi: Split visit_end_struct() into pieces As mentioned in previous patches, we want to call visit_end_struct() functions unconditionally, so that visitors can release resources tied up since the matching visit_start_struct() without also having to worry about error priority if more than one error occurs. Even though error_propagate() can be safely used to ignore a second error during cleanup caused by a first error, it is simpler if the cleanup cannot set an error. So, split out the error checking portion (basically, input visitors checking for unvisited keys) into a new function visit_check_struct(), which can be safely skipped if any earlier errors are encountered, and leave the cleanup portion (which never fails, but must be called unconditionally if visit_start_struct() succeeded) in visit_end_struct(). Generated code in qapi-visit.c has diffs resembling: |@@ -59,10 +59,12 @@ void visit_type_ACPIOSTInfo(Visitor *v, | goto out_obj; | } | visit_type_ACPIOSTInfo_members(v, obj, &err); |- error_propagate(errp, err); |- err = NULL; |+ if (err) { |+ goto out_obj; |+ } |+ visit_check_struct(v, &err); | out_obj: |- visit_end_struct(v, &err); |+ visit_end_struct(v); | out: and in qapi-event.c: @@ -47,7 +47,10 @@ void qapi_event_send_acpi_device_ost(ACP | goto out; | } | visit_type_q_obj_ACPI_DEVICE_OST_arg_members(v, &param, &err); |- visit_end_struct(v, err ? NULL : &err); |+ if (!err) { |+ visit_check_struct(v, &err); |+ } |+ visit_end_struct(v); | if (err) { | goto out; Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Message-Id: <1461879932-9020-20-git-send-email-eblake@redhat.com> [Conflict with a doc fixup resolved] Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
2016-04-29 00:45:27 +03:00
}
2016-06-09 19:48:34 +03:00
visit_end_struct(v, NULL);
if (!ok) {
goto out;
}
qapi: Replace uncommon use of the error API by the common one We commonly use the error API like this: err = NULL; foo(..., &err); if (err) { goto out; } bar(..., &err); Every error source is checked separately. The second function is only called when the first one succeeds. Both functions are free to pass their argument to error_set(). Because error_set() asserts no error has been set, this effectively means they must not be called with an error set. The qapi-generated code uses the error API differently: // *errp was initialized to NULL somewhere up the call chain frob(..., errp); gnat(..., errp); Errors accumulate in *errp: first error wins, subsequent errors get dropped. To make this work, the second function does nothing when called with an error set. Requires non-null errp, or else the second function can't see the first one fail. This usage has also bled into visitor tests, and two device model object property getters rtc_get_date() and balloon_stats_get_all(). With the "accumulate" technique, you need fewer error checks in callers, and buy that with an error check in every callee. Can be nice. However, mixing the two techniques is confusing. You can't use the "accumulate" technique with functions designed for the "check separately" technique. You can use the "check separately" technique with functions designed for the "accumulate" technique, but then error_set() can't catch you setting an error more than once. Standardize on the "check separately" technique for now, because it's overwhelmingly prevalent. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
2014-05-07 11:53:54 +04:00
if (trace_event_get_state_backends(TRACE_QMP_ENTER_MY_COMMAND)) {
g_autoptr(GString) req_json = qobject_to_json(QOBJECT(args));
trace_qmp_enter_my_command(req_json->str);
}
retval = qmp_my_command(arg.arg1, &err);
if (err) {
trace_qmp_exit_my_command(error_get_pretty(err), false);
error_propagate(errp, err);
qapi: Replace uncommon use of the error API by the common one We commonly use the error API like this: err = NULL; foo(..., &err); if (err) { goto out; } bar(..., &err); Every error source is checked separately. The second function is only called when the first one succeeds. Both functions are free to pass their argument to error_set(). Because error_set() asserts no error has been set, this effectively means they must not be called with an error set. The qapi-generated code uses the error API differently: // *errp was initialized to NULL somewhere up the call chain frob(..., errp); gnat(..., errp); Errors accumulate in *errp: first error wins, subsequent errors get dropped. To make this work, the second function does nothing when called with an error set. Requires non-null errp, or else the second function can't see the first one fail. This usage has also bled into visitor tests, and two device model object property getters rtc_get_date() and balloon_stats_get_all(). With the "accumulate" technique, you need fewer error checks in callers, and buy that with an error check in every callee. Can be nice. However, mixing the two techniques is confusing. You can't use the "accumulate" technique with functions designed for the "check separately" technique. You can use the "check separately" technique with functions designed for the "accumulate" technique, but then error_set() can't catch you setting an error more than once. Standardize on the "check separately" technique for now, because it's overwhelmingly prevalent. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
2014-05-07 11:53:54 +04:00
goto out;
}
qmp_marshal_output_UserDefOne(retval, ret, errp);
qapi: Replace uncommon use of the error API by the common one We commonly use the error API like this: err = NULL; foo(..., &err); if (err) { goto out; } bar(..., &err); Every error source is checked separately. The second function is only called when the first one succeeds. Both functions are free to pass their argument to error_set(). Because error_set() asserts no error has been set, this effectively means they must not be called with an error set. The qapi-generated code uses the error API differently: // *errp was initialized to NULL somewhere up the call chain frob(..., errp); gnat(..., errp); Errors accumulate in *errp: first error wins, subsequent errors get dropped. To make this work, the second function does nothing when called with an error set. Requires non-null errp, or else the second function can't see the first one fail. This usage has also bled into visitor tests, and two device model object property getters rtc_get_date() and balloon_stats_get_all(). With the "accumulate" technique, you need fewer error checks in callers, and buy that with an error check in every callee. Can be nice. However, mixing the two techniques is confusing. You can't use the "accumulate" technique with functions designed for the "check separately" technique. You can use the "check separately" technique with functions designed for the "accumulate" technique, but then error_set() can't catch you setting an error more than once. Standardize on the "check separately" technique for now, because it's overwhelmingly prevalent. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
2014-05-07 11:53:54 +04:00
if (trace_event_get_state_backends(TRACE_QMP_EXIT_MY_COMMAND)) {
g_autoptr(GString) ret_json = qobject_to_json(*ret);
trace_qmp_exit_my_command(ret_json->str, true);
}
out:
visit_free(v);
v = qapi_dealloc_visitor_new();
qapi-commands: Wrap argument visit in visit_start_struct The qmp-input visitor was allowing callers to play rather fast and loose: when visiting a QDict, you could grab members of the root dictionary without first pushing into the dict; among the culprit callers was the generated marshal code on the 'arguments' dictionary of a QMP command. But we are about to tighten the input visitor, at which point the generated marshal code MUST follow the same paradigms as everyone else, of pushing into the struct before grabbing its keys. Generated code grows as follows: |@@ -515,7 +641,12 @@ void qmp_marshal_blockdev_backup(QDict * | BlockdevBackup arg = {0}; | | v = qmp_input_get_visitor(qiv); |+ visit_start_struct(v, NULL, NULL, 0, &err); |+ if (err) { |+ goto out; |+ } | visit_type_BlockdevBackup_members(v, &arg, &err); |+ visit_end_struct(v, err ? NULL : &err); | if (err) { | goto out; | } |@@ -527,7 +715,9 @@ out: | qmp_input_visitor_cleanup(qiv); | qdv = qapi_dealloc_visitor_new(); | v = qapi_dealloc_get_visitor(qdv); |+ visit_start_struct(v, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL); | visit_type_BlockdevBackup_members(v, &arg, NULL); |+ visit_end_struct(v, NULL); | qapi_dealloc_visitor_cleanup(qdv); | } The use of 'err ? NULL : &err' is temporary; a later patch will clean that up when it splits visit_end_struct(). Prior to this patch, the fact that there was no final visit_end_struct() meant that even though we are using a strict input visit, the marshalling code was not detecting excess input at the top level (only in nested levels). Fortunately, we have code in monitor.c:qmp_check_client_args() that also checks for no excess arguments at the top level. But as the generated code is more compact than the manual check, a later patch will clean up monitor.c to drop the redundancy added here. Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Message-Id: <1461879932-9020-9-git-send-email-eblake@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
2016-04-29 00:45:16 +03:00
visit_start_struct(v, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL);
visit_type_q_obj_my_command_arg_members(v, &arg, NULL);
2016-06-09 19:48:34 +03:00
visit_end_struct(v, NULL);
visit_free(v);
}
[Uninteresting stuff omitted...]
$ cat qapi-generated/example-qapi-init-commands.h
[Uninteresting stuff omitted...]
#ifndef EXAMPLE_QAPI_INIT_COMMANDS_H
#define EXAMPLE_QAPI_INIT_COMMANDS_H
#include "qapi/qmp/dispatch.h"
void example_qmp_init_marshal(QmpCommandList *cmds);
#endif /* EXAMPLE_QAPI_INIT_COMMANDS_H */
$ cat qapi-generated/example-qapi-init-commands.c
[Uninteresting stuff omitted...]
void example_qmp_init_marshal(QmpCommandList *cmds)
{
QTAILQ_INIT(cmds);
qmp_register_command(cmds, "my-command",
qmp_marshal_my_command, QCO_NO_OPTIONS);
}
[Uninteresting stuff omitted...]
For a modular QAPI schema (see section `Include directives`_), code for
each sub-module SUBDIR/SUBMODULE.json is actually generated into::
SUBDIR/$(prefix)qapi-commands-SUBMODULE.h
SUBDIR/$(prefix)qapi-commands-SUBMODULE.c
Code generated for events
-------------------------
This is the code related to events defined in the schema, providing
qapi_event_send_EVENT().
The following files are created:
``$(prefix)qapi-events.h``
Function prototypes for each event type
``$(prefix)qapi-events.c``
Implementation of functions to send an event
``$(prefix)qapi-emit-events.h``
Enumeration of all event names, and common event code declarations
``$(prefix)qapi-emit-events.c``
Common event code definitions
Example::
$ cat qapi-generated/example-qapi-events.h
[Uninteresting stuff omitted...]
#ifndef EXAMPLE_QAPI_EVENTS_H
#define EXAMPLE_QAPI_EVENTS_H
#include "qapi/util.h"
#include "example-qapi-types.h"
void qapi_event_send_my_event(void);
#endif /* EXAMPLE_QAPI_EVENTS_H */
$ cat qapi-generated/example-qapi-events.c
[Uninteresting stuff omitted...]
void qapi_event_send_my_event(void)
{
QDict *qmp;
qmp = qmp_event_build_dict("MY_EVENT");
qapi: Eliminate indirection through qmp_event_get_func_emit() The qapi_event_send_FOO() functions emit events like this: QMPEventFuncEmit emit; emit = qmp_event_get_func_emit(); if (!emit) { return; } qmp = qmp_event_build_dict("FOO"); [put event arguments into @qmp...] emit(QAPI_EVENT_FOO, qmp); The value of qmp_event_get_func_emit() depends only on the program: * In qemu-system-FOO, it's always monitor_qapi_event_queue. * In tests/test-qmp-event, it's always event_test_emit. * In all other programs, it's always null. This is exactly the kind of dependence the linker is supposed to resolve; we don't actually need an indirection. Note that things would fall apart if we linked more than one QAPI schema into a single program: each set of qapi_event_send_FOO() uses its own event enumeration, yet they share a single emit function. Which takes the event enumeration as an argument. Which one if there's more than one? More seriously: how does this work even now? qemu-system-FOO wants QAPIEvent, and passes a function taking that to qmp_event_set_func_emit(). test-qmp-event wants test_QAPIEvent, and passes a function taking that to qmp_event_set_func_emit(). It works by type trickery, of course: typedef void (*QMPEventFuncEmit)(unsigned event, QDict *dict); void qmp_event_set_func_emit(QMPEventFuncEmit emit); QMPEventFuncEmit qmp_event_get_func_emit(void); We use unsigned instead of the enumeration type. Relies on both enumerations boiling down to unsigned, which happens to be true for the compilers we use. Clean this up as follows: * Generate qapi_event_send_FOO() that call PREFIX_qapi_event_emit() instead of the value of qmp_event_set_func_emit(). * Generate a prototype for PREFIX_qapi_event_emit() into qapi-events.h. * PREFIX_ is empty for qapi/qapi-schema.json, and test_ for tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json. It's qga_ for qga/qapi-schema.json, and doc-good- for tests/qapi-schema/doc-good.json, but those don't define any events. * Rename monitor_qapi_event_queue() to qapi_event_emit() instead of passing it to qmp_event_set_func_emit(). This takes care of qemu-system-FOO. * Rename event_test_emit() to test_qapi_event_emit() instead of passing it to qmp_event_set_func_emit(). This takes care of tests/test-qmp-event. * Add a qapi_event_emit() that does nothing to stubs/monitor.c. This takes care of all other programs that link code emitting QMP events. * Drop qmp_event_set_func_emit(), qmp_event_get_func_emit(). Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Message-Id: <20181218182234.28876-3-armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com> [Commit message typos fixed]
2018-12-18 21:22:21 +03:00
example_qapi_event_emit(EXAMPLE_QAPI_EVENT_MY_EVENT, qmp);
qobject_unref(qmp);
}
[Uninteresting stuff omitted...]
$ cat qapi-generated/example-qapi-emit-events.h
[Uninteresting stuff omitted...]
#ifndef EXAMPLE_QAPI_EMIT_EVENTS_H
#define EXAMPLE_QAPI_EMIT_EVENTS_H
#include "qapi/util.h"
typedef enum example_QAPIEvent {
EXAMPLE_QAPI_EVENT_MY_EVENT,
EXAMPLE_QAPI_EVENT__MAX,
} example_QAPIEvent;
#define example_QAPIEvent_str(val) \
qapi_enum_lookup(&example_QAPIEvent_lookup, (val))
extern const QEnumLookup example_QAPIEvent_lookup;
void example_qapi_event_emit(example_QAPIEvent event, QDict *qdict);
#endif /* EXAMPLE_QAPI_EMIT_EVENTS_H */
$ cat qapi-generated/example-qapi-emit-events.c
[Uninteresting stuff omitted...]
const QEnumLookup example_QAPIEvent_lookup = {
.array = (const char *const[]) {
[EXAMPLE_QAPI_EVENT_MY_EVENT] = "MY_EVENT",
},
.size = EXAMPLE_QAPI_EVENT__MAX
};
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
[Uninteresting stuff omitted...]
For a modular QAPI schema (see section `Include directives`_), code for
each sub-module SUBDIR/SUBMODULE.json is actually generated into ::
SUBDIR/$(prefix)qapi-events-SUBMODULE.h
SUBDIR/$(prefix)qapi-events-SUBMODULE.c
Code generated for introspection
--------------------------------
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
The following files are created:
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
``$(prefix)qapi-introspect.c``
Defines a string holding a JSON description of the schema
``$(prefix)qapi-introspect.h``
Declares the above string
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
Example::
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
$ cat qapi-generated/example-qapi-introspect.h
[Uninteresting stuff omitted...]
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
#ifndef EXAMPLE_QAPI_INTROSPECT_H
#define EXAMPLE_QAPI_INTROSPECT_H
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
#include "qapi/qmp/qlit.h"
qapi: New QMP command query-qmp-schema for QMP introspection qapi/introspect.json defines the introspection schema. It's designed for QMP introspection, but should do for similar uses, such as QGA. The introspection schema does not reflect all the rules and restrictions that apply to QAPI schemata. A valid QAPI schema has an introspection value conforming to the introspection schema, but the converse is not true. Introspection lowers away a number of schema details, and makes implicit things explicit: * The built-in types are declared with their JSON type. All integer types are mapped to 'int', because how many bits we use internally is an implementation detail. It could be pressed into external interface service as very approximate range information, but that's a bad idea. If we need range information, we better do it properly. * Implicit type definitions are made explicit, and given auto-generated names: - Array types, named by appending "List" to the name of their element type, like in generated C. - The enumeration types implicitly defined by simple union types, named by appending "Kind" to the name of their simple union type, like in generated C. - Types that don't occur in generated C. Their names start with ':' so they don't clash with the user's names. * All type references are by name. * The struct and union types are generalized into an object type. * Base types are flattened. * Commands take a single argument and return a single result. Dictionary argument or list result is an implicit type definition. The empty object type is used when a command takes no arguments or produces no results. The argument is always of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. The 'gen': false directive is omitted as implementation detail. The 'success-response' directive is omitted as well for now, even though it's not an implementation detail, because it's not used by QMP. * Events carry a single data value. Implicit type definition and empty object type use, just like for commands. The value is of object type, but the introspection schema doesn't reflect that. * Types not used by commands or events are omitted. Indirect use counts as use. * Optional members have a default, which can only be null right now Instead of a mandatory "optional" flag, we have an optional default. No default means mandatory, default null means optional without default value. Non-null is available for optional with default (possible future extension). * Clients should *not* look up types by name, because type names are not ABI. Look up the command or event you're interested in, then follow the references. TODO Should we hide the type names to eliminate the temptation? New generator scripts/qapi-introspect.py computes an introspection value for its input, and generates a C variable holding it. It can generate awfully long lines. Marked TODO. A new test-qmp-input-visitor test case feeds its result for both tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json and qapi-schema.json to a QmpInputVisitor to verify it actually conforms to the schema. New QMP command query-qmp-schema takes its return value from that variable. Its reply is some 85KiBytes for me right now. If this turns out to be too much, we have a couple of options: * We can use shorter names in the JSON. Not the QMP style. * Optionally return the sub-schema for commands and events given as arguments. Right now qmp_query_schema() sends the string literal computed by qmp-introspect.py. To compute sub-schema at run time, we'd have to duplicate parts of qapi-introspect.py in C. Unattractive. * Let clients cache the output of query-qmp-schema. It changes only on QEMU upgrades, i.e. rarely. Provide a command query-qmp-schema-hash. Clients can have a cache indexed by hash, and re-query the schema only when they don't have it cached. Even simpler: put the hash in the QMP greeting. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2015-09-16 14:06:28 +03:00
extern const QLitObject example_qmp_schema_qlit;
#endif /* EXAMPLE_QAPI_INTROSPECT_H */
$ cat qapi-generated/example-qapi-introspect.c
[Uninteresting stuff omitted...]
const QLitObject example_qmp_schema_qlit = QLIT_QLIST(((QLitObject[]) {
QLIT_QDICT(((QLitDictEntry[]) {
{ "arg-type", QLIT_QSTR("0"), },
{ "meta-type", QLIT_QSTR("command"), },
{ "name", QLIT_QSTR("my-command"), },
{ "ret-type", QLIT_QSTR("1"), },
{}
})),
QLIT_QDICT(((QLitDictEntry[]) {
{ "arg-type", QLIT_QSTR("2"), },
{ "meta-type", QLIT_QSTR("event"), },
{ "name", QLIT_QSTR("MY_EVENT"), },
{}
})),
qapi: Add comments to aid debugging generated introspection We consciously chose in commit 1a9a507b to hide QAPI type names from the introspection output on the wire, but added a command line option -u to unmask the type name when doing a debug build. The unmask option still remains useful to some other forms of automated analysis, so it will not be removed; however, when it is not in use, the generated .c file can be hard to read. At the time when we first introduced masking, the generated file consisted only of a monolithic C string, so there was no clean way to inject any comments. Later, in commit 7d0f982b, we switched the generation to output a QLit object, in part to make it easier for future addition of conditional compilation. In fact, commit d626b6c1 took advantage of this by passing a tuple instead of a bare object for encoding the output of conditionals. By extending that tuple, we can now interject strategic comments. For now, type name debug aid comments are only output once per meta-type, rather than at all uses of the number used to encode the type within the introspection data. But this is still a lot more convenient than having to regenerate the file with the unmask operation temporarily turned on - merely search the generated file for '"NNN" =' to learn the corresponding source name and associated definition of type NNN. The generated qapi-introspect.c changes only with the addition of comments, such as: | @@ -14755,6 +15240,7 @@ | { "name", QLIT_QSTR("[485]"), }, | {} | })), | + /* "485" = QCryptoBlockInfoLUKSSlot */ | QLIT_QDICT(((QLitDictEntry[]) { | { "members", QLIT_QLIST(((QLitObject[]) { | QLIT_QDICT(((QLitDictEntry[]) { Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Message-Id: <20180827213943.33524-3-eblake@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> [Rebased, update to qapi-code-gen.txt corrected] Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
2018-08-28 00:39:43 +03:00
/* "0" = q_obj_my-command-arg */
QLIT_QDICT(((QLitDictEntry[]) {
{ "members", QLIT_QLIST(((QLitObject[]) {
QLIT_QDICT(((QLitDictEntry[]) {
{ "name", QLIT_QSTR("arg1"), },
{ "type", QLIT_QSTR("[1]"), },
{}
})),
{}
})), },
{ "meta-type", QLIT_QSTR("object"), },
{ "name", QLIT_QSTR("0"), },
{}
})),
qapi: Add comments to aid debugging generated introspection We consciously chose in commit 1a9a507b to hide QAPI type names from the introspection output on the wire, but added a command line option -u to unmask the type name when doing a debug build. The unmask option still remains useful to some other forms of automated analysis, so it will not be removed; however, when it is not in use, the generated .c file can be hard to read. At the time when we first introduced masking, the generated file consisted only of a monolithic C string, so there was no clean way to inject any comments. Later, in commit 7d0f982b, we switched the generation to output a QLit object, in part to make it easier for future addition of conditional compilation. In fact, commit d626b6c1 took advantage of this by passing a tuple instead of a bare object for encoding the output of conditionals. By extending that tuple, we can now interject strategic comments. For now, type name debug aid comments are only output once per meta-type, rather than at all uses of the number used to encode the type within the introspection data. But this is still a lot more convenient than having to regenerate the file with the unmask operation temporarily turned on - merely search the generated file for '"NNN" =' to learn the corresponding source name and associated definition of type NNN. The generated qapi-introspect.c changes only with the addition of comments, such as: | @@ -14755,6 +15240,7 @@ | { "name", QLIT_QSTR("[485]"), }, | {} | })), | + /* "485" = QCryptoBlockInfoLUKSSlot */ | QLIT_QDICT(((QLitDictEntry[]) { | { "members", QLIT_QLIST(((QLitObject[]) { | QLIT_QDICT(((QLitDictEntry[]) { Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Message-Id: <20180827213943.33524-3-eblake@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> [Rebased, update to qapi-code-gen.txt corrected] Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
2018-08-28 00:39:43 +03:00
/* "1" = UserDefOne */
QLIT_QDICT(((QLitDictEntry[]) {
{ "members", QLIT_QLIST(((QLitObject[]) {
QLIT_QDICT(((QLitDictEntry[]) {
{ "name", QLIT_QSTR("integer"), },
{ "type", QLIT_QSTR("int"), },
{}
})),
QLIT_QDICT(((QLitDictEntry[]) {
{ "default", QLIT_QNULL, },
{ "name", QLIT_QSTR("string"), },
{ "type", QLIT_QSTR("str"), },
{}
})),
{}
})), },
{ "meta-type", QLIT_QSTR("object"), },
{ "name", QLIT_QSTR("1"), },
{}
})),
qapi: Add comments to aid debugging generated introspection We consciously chose in commit 1a9a507b to hide QAPI type names from the introspection output on the wire, but added a command line option -u to unmask the type name when doing a debug build. The unmask option still remains useful to some other forms of automated analysis, so it will not be removed; however, when it is not in use, the generated .c file can be hard to read. At the time when we first introduced masking, the generated file consisted only of a monolithic C string, so there was no clean way to inject any comments. Later, in commit 7d0f982b, we switched the generation to output a QLit object, in part to make it easier for future addition of conditional compilation. In fact, commit d626b6c1 took advantage of this by passing a tuple instead of a bare object for encoding the output of conditionals. By extending that tuple, we can now interject strategic comments. For now, type name debug aid comments are only output once per meta-type, rather than at all uses of the number used to encode the type within the introspection data. But this is still a lot more convenient than having to regenerate the file with the unmask operation temporarily turned on - merely search the generated file for '"NNN" =' to learn the corresponding source name and associated definition of type NNN. The generated qapi-introspect.c changes only with the addition of comments, such as: | @@ -14755,6 +15240,7 @@ | { "name", QLIT_QSTR("[485]"), }, | {} | })), | + /* "485" = QCryptoBlockInfoLUKSSlot */ | QLIT_QDICT(((QLitDictEntry[]) { | { "members", QLIT_QLIST(((QLitObject[]) { | QLIT_QDICT(((QLitDictEntry[]) { Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Message-Id: <20180827213943.33524-3-eblake@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> [Rebased, update to qapi-code-gen.txt corrected] Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
2018-08-28 00:39:43 +03:00
/* "2" = q_empty */
QLIT_QDICT(((QLitDictEntry[]) {
{ "members", QLIT_QLIST(((QLitObject[]) {
{}
})), },
{ "meta-type", QLIT_QSTR("object"), },
{ "name", QLIT_QSTR("2"), },
{}
})),
QLIT_QDICT(((QLitDictEntry[]) {
{ "element-type", QLIT_QSTR("1"), },
{ "meta-type", QLIT_QSTR("array"), },
{ "name", QLIT_QSTR("[1]"), },
{}
})),
QLIT_QDICT(((QLitDictEntry[]) {
{ "json-type", QLIT_QSTR("int"), },
{ "meta-type", QLIT_QSTR("builtin"), },
{ "name", QLIT_QSTR("int"), },
{}
})),
QLIT_QDICT(((QLitDictEntry[]) {
{ "json-type", QLIT_QSTR("string"), },
{ "meta-type", QLIT_QSTR("builtin"), },
{ "name", QLIT_QSTR("str"), },
{}
})),
{}
}));
[Uninteresting stuff omitted...]