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README.macOS.md - Building FLTK under Apple macOS
Contents
Introduction
FLTK supports macOS version 10.3 Panther and above. At the time of writing (Feb. 2022), FLTK compiles and runs fine on the most recent macOS 12 Monterey for both Intel and the new M1 Apple Silicon (Arm) processors.
FLTK 1.4 supports the following build environments on the macOS platform:
- cmake and Xcode, no shell needed
- cmake and make from the command line
- autoconf and make from the command line
All environments will generate Unix style static libraries and macOS style app bundles.
How to Build FLTK Using CMake and Xcode
This option is best for users who like to develop their apps using Apple's Xcode IDE. There is no need to ever use a command line shell in this configuration.
This option requires an Apple ID and the Administrator password.
Prerequisites (CMake, Xcode)
In order to build FLTK, you need to install CMake and Xcode.
Xcode is Apple's IDE (Integrated Developer Environment) and can be downloaded via the App Store. You will need an Apple ID and administrator right for this. Installing Xcode needs little to no user input, but will likely take well over an hour.
"CMake is used to control the software compilation process using simple platform and compiler independent configuration files, and generate native makefiles and workspaces that can be used in the compiler environment of your choice."
Please download and install the macOS version of CMake from www.cmake.org. Download the .dmg file, click it, and when the Finder window opens, drag the CMake icon into the Applications folder.
Downloading FLTK and Unpacking (CMake, Xcode)
FLTK 1.4 is currently (as of May 2021) available as a source code repository via GitHub. You will need to clone the repository to check out the source code onto your machine. This has the great benefit that the source code can be updated later simply by telling git to pull the newest release.
Weekly snapshots ("tarballs") can be downloaded from https://www.fltk.org/software.php .
If you want to use Xcode to clone the FLTK GitHub repository, you will have to give Xcode
access to your GitHub Account in the Xcode preferences. If you don't have a GitHub
account, or don't want to share your credentials with Xcode, you can use still the command
line git clone https://github.com/fltk/fltk.git fltk-1.4
to check out the repo.
Start Xcode. Select Source Control >> Clone... in the main menu.
A dialog box will open with a search field and a list of repositories. Enter fltk/fltk in
the search field. A list of matching repositories appears. The first one should be named fltk
and be owned by fltk. Select it and click Clone.
A file chooser appears. Navigate to your home directory. Create a new folder named
dev. Enter fltk-1.4 in the Save As: field and click Clone, then Done in the
previous dialog.
The local copy of your repository can be updated by loading it into Xcode and selecting
Source Control >> Pull... in the main menu.
Configuring FLTK (CMake, Xcode)
Launch CMake by pressing Command+Spacebar, then type CMake and press return. CMake should open with a large dialog box.
The first input field is labeled with Where is the source code: . Click on Browse Source...
and navigate to your home folder, then dev, then fltk-1.4. Click Open.
The next input field is marked Where to build the binaries:. Click Browse Build...
and navigate to your home folder, then dev, then fltk-1.4, then use New Folder
to create a folder named build, and inside that, create a folder named Xcode. Click Open.
The top two input fields should read
/Users/your_name/dev/fltk-1.4
and
/Users/your_name/dev/fltk-1.4/build/Xcode
Back in the CMake main window, click Configure, select Xcode as the generator and click Done. CMake will now analyse your system and find tools and dependencies. When done, the upper list field in CMake will show CMAKE and FLTK. Open the FLTK field and adjust options if you like. Note that the bundled image libraries are built by default. Further options are available under the CMAKE field.
Finally, click Generate to generate the Xcode IDE file.
You may be wondering why we chose this rather involved way of creating the IDE files instead of just including the IDEs in the repo. Well, we did for the longest time, but creating new IDEs for every possible platform is quite involved. IDE file formats change, platforms change, and FLTK changes as well, and maintenance of the IDEs had become a nightmare. CMake on the other hand is very smart, knows about platforms and IDEs that we could never support manually, and usually needs to be run only once. Even when updating the FLTK source code later, CMake will be smart enough to update the build files as well.
Building FLTK (CMake, Xcode)
Now this is easy if all the previous steps were successful. If you are still in CMake, just click
Open Project and CMake will launch XCode for you. If not, just launch XCode and
open Macintosh HD ▸ Users ▸ your_name ▸ dev ▸ fltk-1.4 ▸ build ▸ Xcode ▸ FLTK.xcodeproj.
XCode may or may not ask to Autocreate Schemes. Click Automatically Create Schemes.
In Xcode, set the 'active Scheme' to 'hello' or any other test program and press CMD+R to compile and run that application.
Testing FLTK (CMake, Xcode)
After a successful build, you can test FLTK's capabilities by choosing 'ALL_BUILD' as the 'active Scheme' and pressing CMD+B to build, then choosing 'demo' and pressing CMD+R to run the demo program.
Note: compiling 'demo' will not compile any of the other demo programs automatically. This is intentional so you can build the test and demo programs incrementally.
Installing FLTK (CMake, Xcode)
TODO: choosing the target 'INSTALL' will not work at this point because it requires root permission.
Creating new Projects (CMake, Xcode)
See README.CMake.txt
How to Build FLTK Using CMake and make
This option is best for users who like to develop their apps without using Apple's Xcode IDE,
but like the advantages of CMake over autoconf. Users should be comfortable with
using bash or tcsh in a terminal window.
This option requires neither administrator rights, nor an Apple ID.
Prerequisites (CMake, make)
In order to build FLTK, you need to install CMake and the Xcode command line tools.
"CMake is used to control the software compilation process using simple platform and compiler independent configuration files, and generate native makefiles and workspaces that can be used in the compiler environment of your choice."
Please download and install the macOS version of CMake from www.cmake.org. Download the .dmg file, click it, and when the Finder window opens, drag the CMake icon into the Applications folder.
We will be using CMake from the command line. Please launch CMake and choose
Tools > How to Install for Command Line Use and follow the instructions
in the dialog box. If you have admin right, you can also use
sudo ln -s /Applications/CMake.app/Contents/bin/cmake /usr/local/bin/cmake
Installing the Xcode command line tools is pretty straight forward. Just enter this in your shell and follow the dialogs:
xcode-select --install
On older versions of macOS, you will have to install Xcode from the App Store and then install the command line tools from within Xcode.
Downloading and Unpacking (CMake, make)
Downloading FLTK is explained here.
Configuring FLTK (CMake, make)
Using your shell in the terminal, make sure that you are in the root directory of your FLTK source code tree.
Create a directory where all FLTK binaries will be built:
mkdir build
cd build
mkdir Makefile
cd Makefile
Now configure your FLTK installation:
cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" \
-D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug \
../..
Replace 'Debug' with 'Release' if you want to build a release version.
CMake runs a number of tests to find external headers, libraries, and tools. The configuration summary should not show any errors. You can now continue to build FLTK.
For the advanced user there are a few more options to the CMake setup. Type
cmake -L ../.. to get a complete list of options. These should be pretty
self-explanatory. Some more details can be found in
online documentation.
Building FLTK (CMake, make)
Now this is easy if all the previous steps were successful. Stay in your build/Makefiles
directory and type:
make
The entire FLTK toolkit including many test programs will be built for you. No warnings should appear, but "ranlib" may complain about a few modules having no symbols. This is normal and can safely be ignored.
Testing FLTK (CMake, make)
After a successful build, you can test FLTK's capabilities by running
open bin/test/demo.app
Installing FLTK (CMake, make)
If you did not change any of the configuration settings, FLTK will be installed
in /usr/local/include, /usr/local/lib, and /usr/local/bin by typing
sudo make install
It is possible to install FLTK without superuser privileges by changing the
installation path to a location within the user account by adding the
-D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=<PREFIX> parameter to the cmake command.
Creating new Projects (CMake, make)
FLTK provides a neat script named fltk-config that can provide all the flags
needed to build FLTK applications using the same flags that were used to build
the library itself. Running fltk-config without arguments will print a list
of options. The easiest call to compile an FLTK application from a single source
file is:
fltk-config --compile myProgram.cxx
fltk-config and our user interface designer fluid will be installed in
/usr/local/bin/ by default. I recommend that you add this directory to the shell
PATH variable.
How to Build FLTK Using autoconf and make
This option is best for users who like to develop their apps without using Apple's Xcode IDE
and prefer minimal dependencies of a Makefile over CMake. Users should be comfortable
with using bash or tcsh in a terminal window.
This option requires administrator rights, but no Apple ID.
Prerequisites (autoconf, make)
In order to build FLTK from the command line, you need to install a C++ compiler
environment, make and autoconf. Installing the Xcode command line tools is the easiest
way to get all prerequisites in one simple step.
Launch Terminal.app by pressing Command+Spacebar and typing Terminal and pressing return.
I like to keep the Terminal in the Dock for future use (launch Terminal, right-click or control-click
on the Terminal icon that is now in the docking bar, and choose Options->Keep in Dock).
Installing the Xcode command line tools is pretty straight forward. Just enter this and follow the dialogs:
xcode-select --install
On older versions of macOS, you will have to install Xcode from the App Store and then install the command line tools from within Xcode.
Apple no longer includes autoconf in the Xcode command line tools. To install autoconf, we first need to install brew by typing this rather cryptic command in the shell (you will need to type the password of an administrator account):
ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
After a few minutes, we can now build and install all other tools from one simple command:
brew install autoconf
Alternatively, autoconf can be installed without brew as follows :
- Download file autoconf-latest.tar.gz from the autoconf ftp site
- Uncompress it to get directory autoconf-x.xx/ (where x's indicate autoconf's version number)
- Set this directory as your current directory in the Terminal app and type :
./configure
make
sudo make install
Downloading and Unpacking (autoconf, make)
FLTK 1.4 is currently (as of May 2021) available as a source code repository via GitHub. You will need to clone the repository to check out the source code onto your machine. This has the great benefit that the source code can be updated later simply by telling git to pull the newest release.
As an alternative weekly snapshots ("tarballs") can be downloaded from https://www.fltk.org/software.php .
Start your terminal. If you have not set up a developer directory yet, I recommend to use
~/dev and put all your projects there:
# make sure we are in the home directory
cd ~
# create our developer directory and go there
mkdir dev
cd dev
Now create a copy of the source code archive at Github on your local file system:
git clone https://github.com/fltk/fltk.git fltk-1.4
cd fltk-1.4
Configuring FLTK (autoconf, make)
Using your shell in the terminal, make sure that you are in the root directory of your FLTK source code tree.
If you are configuring fltk for the first time, you need to instruct FLTK to create some very basic configuration files. Type:
autoconf
This creates the configure script.
Now configure your FLTK installation. Stay in your FLTK source-code directory and type
./configure
The configuration script runs a number of tests to find external headers, libraries, and tools. The configuration summary should not show any errors. You can now continue to build FLTK.
For the advanced user there are a few more options to the configure script. Type
./configure --help to get a complete list of options. These should be pretty
self-explanatory. Some more details can be found in
online documentation.
Building FLTK (autoconf, make)
Now this is easy if all the previous steps were successful. Stay in your FLTK source-code directory and type:
make
The entire FLTK toolkit including many test programs will be built for you. No warnings should appear, but "ranlib" may complain about a few modules having no symbols. This is normal and can safely be ignored.
Testing FLTK (autoconf, make)
After a successful build, you can test FLTK's capabilities by running
test/demo
Installing FLTK (autoconf, make)
If you did not change any of the configuration settings, FLTK will be installed
in /usr/local/include, /usr/local/lib, and /usr/local/bin by typing:
sudo make install
It is possible to install FLTK without superuser privileges by changing the
installation path to a location within the user account by adding the
--prefix=PREFIX parameter to the ./configure command.
Creating new Projects (autoconf, make)
FLTK provides a neat script named fltk-config that can provide all the flags
needed to build FLTK applications using the same flags that were used to build
the library itself. Running fltk-config without arguments will print a list
of options. The easiest call to compile an FLTK application from a single source
file is:
cat << EOF > main.cxx
#include <FL/Fl.H>
#include <FL/Fl_Window.H>
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
Fl_Window *win = new Fl_Window(600, 400, "Hello, world!");
win->show(argc, argv);
return Fl::run();
}
EOF
fltk-config --compile main.cxx
./main
fltk-config and our user interface designer fluid will be installed in
/usr/local/bin/ by default. I recommend that you add this directory to the shell
PATH variable.
Make an Application Launchable by Dropping Files on its Icon
-
Prepare an Info.plist file for your application derived from file test/mac-resources/editor.plist which allows any file to be dropped on the application icon. You can edit this file in Xcode and change CFBundleDocumentTypes/Item 0/CFBundleTypeExtensions/Item 0 from the current "*" to the desired file extension. Use several items to declare several extensions.
-
Call function fl_open_callback() at the beginning of your main() function to set what function will be called when a file is dropped on the application icon.
-
In Xcode, set the "Info.plist File" build setting of your target application to the Info.plist file you have prepared.
-
Rebuild your application.
Links
GitHub, git, forking, fetching. and pull requests
DOCUMENT HISTORY
- Oct 29 2010 - matt: removed warnings
- Oct 24 2010 - matt: restructured entire document and verified instructions
- Dec 19 2010 - Manolo: corrected typos
- Dec 29 2010 - Manolo: removed reference to AudioToolbox.framework that's no longer needed
- Feb 24 2011 - Manolo: architecture flags are not propagated to the fltk-config script.
- Apr 17 2012 - matt: added Xcode4 documentation
- Nov 13 2012 - Manolo: added "MAKE AN APPLICATION LAUNCHABLE BY DROPPING FILES ON ITS ICON"
- Mar 18 2015 - Manolo: removed uses of the Xcode3 project
- Apr 01 2016 - Albrecht: corrected typo, formatted most line breaks < 80 columns
- Dec 04 2018 - Albrecht: fix typo (lowercase fluid.app) for case sensitive macOS
- Dec 28 2018 - Matt: complete rework for FLTK 1.4
- Mar 01 2021 - Albrecht: minor updates, macOS Big Sur and Apple Silicon M1 (ARM)
- Feb 23 2022 - Manolo: install autoconf without brew