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// Copyright (c) 2017 Google Inc.
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//
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// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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// You may obtain a copy of the License at
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//
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// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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//
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// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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// limitations under the License.
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2018-09-03 07:14:20 +03:00
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#ifndef SOURCE_OPT_PROPAGATOR_H_
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#define SOURCE_OPT_PROPAGATOR_H_
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#include <functional>
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#include <queue>
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#include <set>
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#include <unordered_map>
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#include <unordered_set>
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#include <utility>
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#include <vector>
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#include "source/opt/ir_context.h"
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#include "source/opt/module.h"
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namespace spvtools {
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namespace opt {
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// Represents a CFG control edge.
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struct Edge {
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Edge(BasicBlock* b1, BasicBlock* b2) : source(b1), dest(b2) {
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assert(source && "CFG edges cannot have a null source block.");
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assert(dest && "CFG edges cannot have a null destination block.");
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}
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BasicBlock* source;
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BasicBlock* dest;
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bool operator<(const Edge& o) const {
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return std::make_pair(source->id(), dest->id()) <
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std::make_pair(o.source->id(), o.dest->id());
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}
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};
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// This class implements a generic value propagation algorithm based on the
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// conditional constant propagation algorithm proposed in
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//
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// Constant propagation with conditional branches,
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// Wegman and Zadeck, ACM TOPLAS 13(2):181-210.
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//
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// A Propagation Engine for GCC
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// Diego Novillo, GCC Summit 2005
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// http://ols.fedoraproject.org/GCC/Reprints-2005/novillo-Reprint.pdf
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//
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// The purpose of this implementation is to act as a common framework for any
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// transformation that needs to propagate values from statements producing new
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// values to statements using those values. Simulation proceeds as follows:
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//
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// 1- Initially, all edges of the CFG are marked not executable and the CFG
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// worklist is seeded with all the statements in the entry basic block.
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//
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// 2- Every instruction I is simulated by calling a pass-provided function
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// |visit_fn|. This function is responsible for three things:
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//
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// (a) Keep a value table of interesting values. This table maps SSA IDs to
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// their values. For instance, when implementing constant propagation,
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// given a store operation 'OpStore %f %int_3', |visit_fn| should assign
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// the value 3 to the table slot for %f.
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//
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// In general, |visit_fn| will need to use the value table to replace its
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// operands, fold the result and decide whether a new value needs to be
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// stored in the table. |visit_fn| should only create a new mapping in
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// the value table if all the operands in the instruction are known and
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// present in the value table.
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//
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// (b) Return a status indicator to direct the propagator logic. Once the
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// instruction is simulated, the propagator needs to know whether this
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// instruction produced something interesting. This is indicated via
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// |visit_fn|'s return value:
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//
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// SSAPropagator::kNotInteresting: Instruction I produces nothing of
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// interest and does not affect any of the work lists. The
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// propagator will visit the statement again if any of its operands
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// produce an interesting value in the future.
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//
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// |visit_fn| should always return this value when it is not sure
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// whether the instruction will produce an interesting value in the
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// future or not. For instance, for constant propagation, an OpIAdd
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// instruction may produce a constant if its two operands are
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// constant, but the first time we visit the instruction, we still
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// may not have its operands in the value table.
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//
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// SSAPropagator::kVarying: The value produced by I cannot be determined
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// at compile time. Further simulation of I is not required. The
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// propagator will not visit this instruction again. Additionally,
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// the propagator will add all the instructions at the end of SSA
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// def-use edges to be simulated again.
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//
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// If I is a basic block terminator, it will mark all outgoing edges
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// as executable so they are traversed one more time. Eventually
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// the kVarying attribute will be spread out to all the data and
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// control dependents for I.
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//
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// It is important for propagation to use kVarying as a bottom value
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// for the propagation lattice. It should never be possible for an
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// instruction to return kVarying once and kInteresting on a second
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// visit. Otherwise, propagation would not stabilize.
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//
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// SSAPropagator::kInteresting: Instruction I produces a value that can
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// be computed at compile time. In this case, |visit_fn| should
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// create a new mapping between I's result ID and the produced
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// value. Much like the kNotInteresting case, the propagator will
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// visit this instruction again if any of its operands changes.
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// This is useful when the statement changes from one interesting
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// state to another.
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//
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// (c) For conditional branches, |visit_fn| may decide which edge to take out
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// of I's basic block. For example, if the operand for an OpSwitch is
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// known to take a specific constant value, |visit_fn| should figure out
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// the destination basic block and pass it back by setting the second
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// argument to |visit_fn|.
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//
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// At the end of propagation, values in the value table are guaranteed to be
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// stable and can be replaced in the IR.
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//
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// 3- The propagator keeps two work queues. Instructions are only added to
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// these queues if they produce an interesting or varying value. None of this
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// should be handled by |visit_fn|. The propagator keeps track of this
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// automatically (see SSAPropagator::Simulate for implementation).
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//
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// CFG blocks: contains the queue of blocks to be simulated.
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// Blocks are added to this queue if their incoming edges are
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// executable.
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//
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// SSA Edges: An SSA edge is a def-use edge between a value-producing
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// instruction and its use instruction. The SSA edges list
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// contains the statements at the end of a def-use edge that need
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// to be re-visited when an instruction produces a kVarying or
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// kInteresting result.
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//
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// 4- Simulation terminates when all work queues are drained.
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//
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//
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// EXAMPLE: Basic constant store propagator.
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//
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// Suppose we want to propagate all constant assignments of the form "OpStore
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// %id %cst" where "%id" is some variable and "%cst" an OpConstant. The
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// following code builds a table |values| where every id that was assigned a
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// constant value is mapped to the constant value it was assigned.
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//
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// auto ctx = BuildModule(...);
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// std::map<uint32_t, uint32_t> values;
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// const auto visit_fn = [&ctx, &values](Instruction* instr,
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// BasicBlock** dest_bb) {
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// if (instr->opcode() == SpvOpStore) {
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// uint32_t rhs_id = instr->GetSingleWordOperand(1);
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// Instruction* rhs_def = ctx->get_def_use_mgr()->GetDef(rhs_id);
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// if (rhs_def->opcode() == SpvOpConstant) {
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// uint32_t val = rhs_def->GetSingleWordOperand(2);
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// values[rhs_id] = val;
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// return SSAPropagator::kInteresting;
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// }
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// }
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// return SSAPropagator::kVarying;
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// };
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// SSAPropagator propagator(ctx.get(), &cfg, visit_fn);
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// propagator.Run(&fn);
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//
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// Given the code:
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//
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// %int_4 = OpConstant %int 4
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// %int_3 = OpConstant %int 3
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// %int_1 = OpConstant %int 1
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// OpStore %x %int_4
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// OpStore %y %int_3
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// OpStore %z %int_1
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//
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// After SSAPropagator::Run returns, the |values| map will contain the entries:
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// values[%x] = 4, values[%y] = 3, and, values[%z] = 1.
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class SSAPropagator {
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public:
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// Lattice values used for propagation. See class documentation for
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// a description.
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enum PropStatus { kNotInteresting, kInteresting, kVarying };
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using VisitFunction = std::function<PropStatus(Instruction*, BasicBlock**)>;
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SSAPropagator(IRContext* context, const VisitFunction& visit_fn)
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: ctx_(context), visit_fn_(visit_fn) {}
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// Runs the propagator on function |fn|. Returns true if changes were made to
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// the function. Otherwise, it returns false.
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bool Run(Function* fn);
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// Returns true if the |i|th argument for |phi| comes through a CFG edge that
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// has been marked executable. |i| should be an index value accepted by
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// Instruction::GetSingleWordOperand.
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bool IsPhiArgExecutable(Instruction* phi, uint32_t i) const;
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// Returns true if |inst| has a recorded status. This will be true once |inst|
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// has been simulated once.
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bool HasStatus(Instruction* inst) const { return statuses_.count(inst); }
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// Returns the current propagation status of |inst|. Assumes
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// |HasStatus(inst)| returns true.
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PropStatus Status(Instruction* inst) const {
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return statuses_.find(inst)->second;
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}
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// Records the propagation status |status| for |inst|. Returns true if the
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// status for |inst| has changed or set was set for the first time.
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bool SetStatus(Instruction* inst, PropStatus status);
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private:
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// Initialize processing.
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void Initialize(Function* fn);
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// Simulate the execution |block| by calling |visit_fn_| on every instruction
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// in it.
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bool Simulate(BasicBlock* block);
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// Simulate the execution of |instr| by replacing all the known values in
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// every operand and determining whether the result is interesting for
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// propagation. This invokes the callback function |visit_fn_| to determine
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// the value computed by |instr|.
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bool Simulate(Instruction* instr);
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// Returns true if |instr| should be simulated again.
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bool ShouldSimulateAgain(Instruction* instr) const {
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return do_not_simulate_.find(instr) == do_not_simulate_.end();
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}
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// Add |instr| to the set of instructions not to simulate again.
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void DontSimulateAgain(Instruction* instr) { do_not_simulate_.insert(instr); }
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// Returns true if |block| has been simulated already.
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bool BlockHasBeenSimulated(BasicBlock* block) const {
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return simulated_blocks_.find(block) != simulated_blocks_.end();
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}
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// Marks block |block| as simulated.
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void MarkBlockSimulated(BasicBlock* block) {
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simulated_blocks_.insert(block);
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}
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// Marks |edge| as executable. Returns false if the edge was already marked
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// as executable.
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bool MarkEdgeExecutable(const Edge& edge) {
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return executable_edges_.insert(edge).second;
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}
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// Returns true if |edge| has been marked as executable.
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bool IsEdgeExecutable(const Edge& edge) const {
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return executable_edges_.find(edge) != executable_edges_.end();
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}
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// Returns a pointer to the def-use manager for |ctx_|.
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analysis::DefUseManager* get_def_use_mgr() const {
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return ctx_->get_def_use_mgr();
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}
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// If the CFG edge |e| has not been executed, this function adds |e|'s
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// destination block to the work list.
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void AddControlEdge(const Edge& e);
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// Adds all the instructions that use the result of |instr| to the SSA edges
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// work list. If |instr| produces no result id, this does nothing.
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void AddSSAEdges(Instruction* instr);
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// IR context to use.
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IRContext* ctx_;
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// Function that visits instructions during simulation. The output of this
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// function is used to determine if the simulated instruction produced a value
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// interesting for propagation. The function is responsible for keeping
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// track of interesting values by storing them in some user-provided map.
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VisitFunction visit_fn_;
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// SSA def-use edges to traverse. Each entry is a destination statement for an
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// SSA def-use edge as returned by |def_use_manager_|.
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std::queue<Instruction*> ssa_edge_uses_;
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// Blocks to simulate.
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std::queue<BasicBlock*> blocks_;
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// Blocks simulated during propagation.
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std::unordered_set<BasicBlock*> simulated_blocks_;
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// Set of instructions that should not be simulated again because they have
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// been found to be in the kVarying state.
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std::unordered_set<Instruction*> do_not_simulate_;
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// Map between a basic block and its predecessor edges.
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// TODO(dnovillo): Move this to CFG and always build them. Alternately,
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// move it to IRContext and build CFG preds/succs on-demand.
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std::unordered_map<BasicBlock*, std::vector<Edge>> bb_preds_;
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// Map between a basic block and its successor edges.
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// TODO(dnovillo): Move this to CFG and always build them. Alternately,
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2018-04-11 05:44:28 +03:00
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// move it to IRContext and build CFG preds/succs on-demand.
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2018-09-03 07:14:20 +03:00
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std::unordered_map<BasicBlock*, std::vector<Edge>> bb_succs_;
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2018-04-11 05:44:28 +03:00
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// Set of executable CFG edges.
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std::set<Edge> executable_edges_;
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// Tracks instruction propagation status.
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2018-09-03 07:14:20 +03:00
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std::unordered_map<Instruction*, SSAPropagator::PropStatus> statuses_;
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2018-04-11 05:44:28 +03:00
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};
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std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& str,
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const SSAPropagator::PropStatus& status);
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} // namespace opt
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} // namespace spvtools
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2018-09-03 07:14:20 +03:00
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#endif // SOURCE_OPT_PROPAGATOR_H_
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