feat: conversion from roman to decimal numbers (#1104)

* feat: added roman_numerals_to_decimal.c

* added newline at end of file

* updating DIRECTORY.md

* Update conversions/roman_numerals_to_decimal.c

Co-authored-by: David Leal <halfpacho@gmail.com>

* Update conversions/roman_numerals_to_decimal.c

Co-authored-by: David Leal <halfpacho@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: github-actions <${GITHUB_ACTOR}@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: David Leal <halfpacho@gmail.com>
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/**
* @file
* @brief Conversion of [roman numerals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_numerals) to decimal
* @details Roman numerals are an ancient Roman numeral system consisting of the symbols I, V, X, L, C, D, and M
*
* @author [Focusucof](https://github.com/Focusucof)
*/
#include <assert.h> /// for assert
#include <stdio.h> /// for IO operations
#include <string.h> /// for strlen()
/**
* @brief Convert roman numeral symbol to a decimal value helper function
* @param symbol Roman numeral char
* @returns Integer of decimal value for given symbol
*/
int symbol(char symbol) {
int value = 0;
switch(symbol) {
case 'I':
value = 1;
break;
case 'V':
value = 5;
break;
case 'X':
value = 10;
break;
case 'L':
value = 50;
break;
case 'C':
value = 100;
break;
case 'D':
value = 500;
break;
case 'M':
value = 1000;
break;
}
return value;
}
/**
* @brief Converts roman numerals into a decimal number
* @param input Input roman numeral as a C-string
* @returns The converted number in decimal form
*/
int roman_to_decimal(char input[]) {
int result = 0; // result in decimal
for(int i = 0; i < strlen(input); i++) {
if(strlen(input) > i + 1) {
if(symbol(input[i]) >= symbol(input[i + 1])) {
result += symbol(input[i]); // add value to sum
} else {
result += symbol(input[i + 1]) - symbol(input[i]); // if the current symbol is smaller than the next (ex. IV), subtract it from the next symbol
i++; // skip over an extra symbol
}
} else {
result += symbol(input[i]); // add value to sum
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* @brief Self-test implementations
* @returns void
*/
static void test() {
// 1st test
char input[] = "MCMIV";
int expected = 1904;
int output = roman_to_decimal(input);
printf("TEST 1\n");
printf("Input: %s\n", input);
printf("Expected Output: %d\n", expected);
printf("Output: %d\n", output);
assert(output == expected);
printf("== TEST PASSED ==\n\n");
// 2nd test
char input2[] = "MMMDCCXXIV";
expected = 3724;
output = roman_to_decimal(input2);
printf("TEST 2\n");
printf("Input: %s\n", input2);
printf("Expected Output: %d\n", expected);
printf("Output: %d\n", output);
assert(output == expected);
printf("== TEST PASSED ==\n\n");
// 3rd test
char input3[] = "III";
expected = 3;
output = roman_to_decimal(input3);
printf("TEST 3\n");
printf("Input: %s\n", input3);
printf("Expected Output: %d\n", expected);
printf("Output: %d\n", output);
assert(output == expected);
printf("== TEST PASSED ==\n\n");
}
/**
* @brief Main function
* @returns 0 on exit
*/
int main() {
test(); // run self-test implementations
return 0;
}