kuroko/docs/c_functions.md
2021-04-19 08:45:02 +09:00

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## Binding C Functions {#c_functions}
Whether you're embedding Kuroko in an application or writing an extension module, binding a C function is something you'll want to do.
### The Easy Way
```c
#include <kuroko/kuroko.h>
#include <kuroko/vm.h>
#include <kuroko/util.h>
KRK_FUNC(myfunction,{
FUNCTION_TAKES_EXACTLY(1);
CHECK_ARG(0,int,krk_integer_type,myarg);
return INTEGER_VAL(myarg*myarg);
})
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
krk_initVM(0);
BIND_FUNC(vm.builtins, myfunction);
krk_startModule("__main__");
krk_interpret("print(myfunction(42))","<stdin>");
krk_freeVM();
return 0;
}
```
This demo uses the utility macros provided in `<kuroko/util.h>` to easily create a function with argument checking and bind it to the builtin namespace.
`KRK_FUNC()` takes care of the function signature, function naming, and default return value of `None`.
`FUNCTION_TAKES_EXACTLY()` provides simple argument count validation. `FUNCTION_TAKES_AT_LEAST()` and `FUNCTION_TAKES_AT_MOST()` are also available.
`CHECK_ARG()` validates the type of arguments passed to the function and unboxes them to C types.
`INTEGER_VAL()` converts a C integer to a Kuroko `int` value.
`BIND_FUNC()` binds the function to a namespace table.
### The Hard Way
While the macros above provide a convenient way to bind functions, they are just wrappers around lower-level functionality of the API.
```c
#include <kuroko/kuroko.h>
#include <kuroko/vm.h>
static KrkValue myfunction(int argc, KrkValue argv[], int hasKw) {
int myarg;
if (argc != 1) return krk_runtimeError(vm.exceptions->argumentError, "myfunction() expects exactly 1 argument, %d given", argc);
if (!IS_INTEGER(argv[0])) return krk_runtimeError(vm.exceptions->typeError, "expected int, not '%s'", krk_typeName(argv[0]));
myarg = AS_INTEGER(argv[0]);
return INTEGER_VAL(myarg*myarg);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
krk_initVM(0);
krk_defineNative(&vm.builtins->fields, "myfunction", myfunction);
krk_startModule("__main__");
krk_interpret("print(myfunction(42))", "<stdin>");
krk_freeVM();
return 0;
}
```