252 lines
9.3 KiB
Markdown
252 lines
9.3 KiB
Markdown
# Limine
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### What is Limine?
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Limine (pronounced as shown [here](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/in%20limine))
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is a modern, advanced, portable, multiprotocol bootloader, also used
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as the reference implementation for the [Limine boot protocol](/PROTOCOL.md).
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### Donate
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If you want to support the work I (@mintsuki) do on Limine, feel free to donate to me on Liberapay:
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<a href="https://liberapay.com/mintsuki/donate"><img alt="Donate using Liberapay" src="https://liberapay.com/assets/widgets/donate.svg"></a>
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Donations welcome, but absolutely not mandatory!
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### Limine's boot menu
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[Photo by Pixabay](https://www.pexels.com/photo/painting-of-black-cloud-during-sunset-164175/)
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### Supported architectures
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* IA-32 (32-bit x86)
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* x86-64
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* aarch64 (arm64)
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* riscv64
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### Supported boot protocols
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* Linux
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* [Limine](/PROTOCOL.md)
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* Multiboot 1
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* Multiboot 2
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* Chainloading
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### Supported partitioning schemes
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* MBR
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* GPT
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* Unpartitioned media
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### Supported filesystems
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* ext2/3/4
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* FAT12/16/32
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* ISO9660 (CDs/DVDs)
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If your filesystem isn't listed here, please read [the philosophy](/PHILOSOPHY.md) first, especially before
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opening issues or pull requests related to this.
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### Minimum system requirements
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For 32-bit x86 systems, support is only ensured starting with those with
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Pentium Pro (i686) class CPUs.
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All x86-64, aarch64, and riscv64 (UEFI) systems are supported.
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## Packaging status
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[](https://repology.org/project/limine/versions)
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## Binary releases
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For convenience, for point releases, binaries are distributed. These binaries
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are shipped in the `-binary` branches and tags of this repository
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(see [branches](https://github.com/limine-bootloader/limine/branches/all) and
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[tags](https://github.com/limine-bootloader/limine/tags)).
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For example, to clone the latest binary release of the `v5.x` branch one can do
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```bash
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git clone https://github.com/limine-bootloader/limine.git --branch=v5.x-branch-binary --depth=1
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```
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or, to clone a specific binary point release (for example `v5.20231006.0`)
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```bash
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git clone https://github.com/limine-bootloader/limine.git --branch=v5.20231006.0-binary --depth=1
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```
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In order to rebuild host utilities like `limine`, simply run `make` in the binary
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release directory.
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Host utility binaries are provided for Windows.
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## Building the bootloader
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*The following steps are not necessary if cloning a binary release. If so, skip to*
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*"Installing Limine binaries".*
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### Prerequisites
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In order to build Limine, the following programs have to be installed:
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common UNIX tools (also known as `coreutils`),
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`GNU make`, `grep`, `sed`, `find`, `awk`, `gzip`, `nasm`, `mtools`
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(optional, necessary to build `limine-uefi-cd.bin`).
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Furthermore, `gcc` or `llvm/clang` must also be installed, alongside
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the respective binutils.
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### Configure
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If using a release tarball (recommended, see https://github.com/limine-bootloader/limine/releases),
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run `./configure` directly.
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If checking out from the repository, run `./bootstrap` first in order to download the
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necessary dependencies and generate the configure script (`GNU autoconf` and `GNU automake` required).
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`./configure` takes arguments and environment variables; for more information on
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these, run `./configure --help`.
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**`./configure` by default does not build any Limine port. Make sure to read the**
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**output of `./configure --help` and enable any or all ports!**
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Limine supports both in-tree and out-of-tree builds. Simply run the `configure`
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script from the directory you wish to execute the build in. The following `make`
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commands are supposed to be run inside the build directory.
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### Building Limine
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To build Limine, run:
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```bash
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make # (or gmake where applicable)
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```
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The generated bootloader files are going to be in `./bin`.
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## Installing Limine binaries
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This step is optional as the bootloader binaries can be used from the `./bin` or
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release directory just fine. This step will only install them to `share`, `include`, and
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`bin` directories in the specified prefix (default is `/usr/local`, see
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`./configure --help`, or the `PREFIX` variable if installing from a binary release).
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To install Limine, run:
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```bash
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make install # (or gmake where applicable)
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```
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## How to use
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### UEFI
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The `BOOT*.EFI` files are valid EFI applications that can be simply copied to
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the `/EFI/BOOT` directory of a FAT formatted EFI system partition. These files can
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be installed there and coexist with a BIOS installation of Limine (see below) so
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that the disk will be bootable on both BIOS and UEFI systems.
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The boot device must contain the `limine.cfg` files in
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either the root, `limine`, `boot`, or `boot/limine` directory of one of the
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partitions, formatted with a supported file system (the ESP partition is recommended).
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### Secure Boot
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Limine can be booted with secure boot if the executable is signed and the key used to
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sign it is added to the firmware's keychain. This should be done in combination with enrolling
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the BLAKE2B hash of the Limine config file into the Limine EFI executable image itself for
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verification purposes.
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For more information see the `limine enroll-config` program and [the philosophy](/PHILOSOPHY.md).
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### BIOS/MBR
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In order to install Limine on a MBR device (which can just be a raw image file),
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run `limine bios-install` as such:
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```bash
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limine bios-install <path to device/image>
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```
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The boot device must contain the `limine-bios.sys` and `limine.cfg` files in
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either the root, `limine`, `boot`, or `boot/limine` directory of one of the
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partitions, formatted with a supported file system.
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### BIOS/GPT
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If using a GPT formatted device, there are 2 options one can follow for
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installation:
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* Specifying a dedicated stage 2 partition.
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* Letting `limine bios-install` attempt to embed stage 2 within GPT structures.
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In case one wants to specify a stage 2 partition, create a partition on the GPT
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device of at least 32KiB in size, and pass the 1-based number of the partition
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to `limine bios-install` as a second argument; such as:
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```bash
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limine bios-install <path to device/image> <1-based stage 2 partition number>
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```
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In case one wants to let `limine bios-install` embed stage 2 within GPT's structures,
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simply omit the partition number, and invoke `limine bios-install` the same as one
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would do for an MBR partitioned device.
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The boot device must contain the `limine-bios.sys` and `limine.cfg` files in
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either the root, `limine`, `boot`, or `boot/limine` directory of one of the
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partitions, formatted with a supported file system.
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### BIOS/UEFI hybrid ISO creation
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In order to create a hybrid ISO with Limine, place the
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`limine-uefi-cd.bin`, `limine-bios-cd.bin`, `limine-bios.sys`, and `limine.cfg` files
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into a directory which will serve as the root of the created ISO.
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(`limine-bios.sys` and `limine.cfg` must either be in the root, `limine`, `boot`, or
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`boot/limine` directory; `limine-uefi-cd.bin` and `limine-bios-cd.bin` can reside
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anywhere).
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After that, create a `<ISO root directory>/EFI/BOOT` directory and copy the
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relevant Limine EFI executables over (such as `BOOTX64.EFI`).
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Place any other file you want to be on the final ISO in said directory, then
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run:
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```
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xorriso -as mkisofs -b <relative path of limine-bios-cd.bin> \
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-no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table \
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--efi-boot <relative path of limine-uefi-cd.bin> \
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-efi-boot-part --efi-boot-image --protective-msdos-label \
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<root directory> -o image.iso
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```
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*Note: `xorriso` is required.*
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And do not forget to also run `limine bios-install` on the generated image:
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```
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limine bios-install image.iso
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```
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`<relative path of limine-bios-cd.bin>` is the relative path of
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`limine-bios-cd.bin` inside the root directory.
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For example, if it was copied in `<root directory>/boot/limine-bios-cd.bin`,
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it would be `boot/limine-bios-cd.bin`.
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`<relative path of limine-uefi-cd.bin>` is the relative path of
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`limine-uefi-cd.bin` inside the root directory.
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For example, if it was copied in
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`<root directory>/boot/limine-uefi-cd.bin`, it would be
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`boot/limine-uefi-cd.bin`.
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### BIOS/PXE boot
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The `limine-bios-pxe.bin` binary is a valid PXE boot image.
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In order to boot Limine from PXE it is necessary to setup a DHCP server with
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support for PXE booting. This can either be accomplished using a single DHCP
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server or your existing DHCP server and a proxy DHCP server such as dnsmasq.
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`limine.cfg` and `limine-bios.sys` are expected to be on the server used for boot.
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### UEFI/PXE boot
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The `BOOT*.EFI` files are compatible with UEFI PXE.
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The steps needed to boot Limine are the same as with BIOS PXE,
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except that the `limine-bios.sys` file is not needed on the server.
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### Configuration
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The `limine.cfg` file contains Limine's configuration.
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An example `limine.cfg` file can be found in [`test/limine.cfg`](https://github.com/limine-bootloader/limine/blob/trunk/test/limine.cfg).
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More info on the format of `limine.cfg` can be found in [`CONFIG.md`](https://github.com/limine-bootloader/limine/blob/trunk/CONFIG.md).
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## Acknowledgments
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Limine uses a stripped-down version of [tinf](https://github.com/jibsen/tinf) for early GZIP decompression.
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Limine relies on [stb_image](https://github.com/nothings/stb/blob/dev/stb_image.h) for runtime GZIP decompression and image loading.
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## Discord server
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We have a [Discord server](https://discord.gg/QEeZMz4) if you need support,
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info, or you just want to hang out with us.
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