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EnglishLa struttura del FileSystem di Haiku
Il filesystem di Haiku è molto trasparente, per non confondere l'utente si cerca sempre di non assegnare nomi criptici per i file e per le cartelle di sistema. Le cartelle ed i file sono importanti per il corretto funzionamento del sistema e sono protetti dalle modifiche accidentali mostrando uno dei seguenti avvertimenti:
The second alert pops up if you try to rename or delete something in the system hierarchy. Here, the "" button will only become clickable when you're holding down the SHIFT key.
Generally, there are two separate branches springing from the root folder of the boot volume:
| /boot/system/ | Contains system files and applications/packages shared by all users. | |
| /boot/home/ | This is your personal folder where you keep your data and settings and the applications/packages that are not shared by all users. |
As long as Haiku isn't multi-user, this distinction between shared and not-shared applications/packages has no apparent effect, as there's only one user with one home folder. But since there will be support for more users than one eventually, it makes sense to learn the right way from the start.
La cartella system - /boot/system/
Under Haiku's predecessor BeOS, this folder was named /boot/beos/. You may still find it in some older documentation (e.g. in the original BeBook).
Most of the folders inside /boot/system/ are read-only, which is sensible as they contain the files necessary for Haiku to function correctly and therefore have to be safe from (accidental) alteration. The only user-writable folders are:
| /boot/system/cache/ | Contains cached files and the temporary folder linked to /tmp/. | |
| /boot/system/non-packaged/ | Contains a hierarchy for files that aren't part of a .hpkg (probably from old BeOS archives). | |
| /boot/system/packages/ | Besides holding Haiku's system packages, you can add/remove packages shared by all users. | |
| /boot/system/settings/ | Contains system-wide settings. | |
| /boot/system/var/ | Contains logs like the syslog (important when troubleshooting) and is the default location for the swap file. |
For more information on the packages and non-packaged folders, see topic Installing applications.
La cartella Home - /boot/home/
This folder belongs to you. Here you can create and delete files and folders as you wish. (By the way, the tilde ("~") is a shortcut for your home folder, so you don't always have to write "/boot/home/" in Terminal.)
Files that you'd like to share with other users in a future multi-user environment have do be put outside /boot/home/. For example, you could create a folder /boot/all-users/ and put the stuff there.
| ~/Desktop/ | Holds the files of your desktop. Double-clicking won't open it, as it is already always visible. When your files happen to be obscured by open windows, just switch quickly to another Workspace. Of course, drilling down by right-clicking is also possible. | |
| ~/mail/ | This is the default location for your mails. | |
| ~/people/ | This is the default location for you contact files, see People. | |
| ~/queries/ | Queries are stored here, by default temporarily for 7 days. |
The folder /boot/home/config/ is special: just like /boot/system/ it's mostly under the control of the package management and therefore read-only. It too contains these similar user-writable folders:
| ~/config/packages/ | Here you can add/remove packages that are not shared by all users. | |
| ~/config/non-packaged/ | Contains a hierarchy for files that aren't part of a .hpkg (probably from old BeOS archives) and are not shared by all users. | |
| ~/config/settings/ | Questa cartella contiene le impostazioni per ogni applicazione e alcune configurazioni del sistema. Alcune applicazioni gestiscono le proprie impostazioni nelle loro sottocartelle, altre collocano semplicemente i loro file di configurazione qua. |
For more information on the packages and non-packaged folders, see topic Installing applications.
Here are some of the more interesting subfolders in ~/config/settings:
| boot/ | Questa cartella è il luogo per gli User Scripts che sono eseguiti prima o dopo l'avvio o lo spegnimento del sistema. | |
| boot/launch/ | I link a programmi o documenti in questa cartella partono automaticamente ad ogni avvio del sistema. | |
| beos_mime/ | Nel database MIME Haiku tiene traccia di ogni differente tipo di file e delle sue impostazioni. | |
| deskbar/menu/ | Copied or linked to files/folders/queries in this folder appear in the Deskbar menu. | |
| kernel/drivers/ | C'è un file di impostazioni che può essere interessante: Il kernel permette alcune configurazioni di basso livello come la disattivazione del SMP, l'attivazione del debugging seriale or la possibilità di attivare la gestione avanzata del risparmio energetico. Attiva una linea di configurazione rimuovendo il simbolo del commento "#". Fai attenzione! | |
| Tracker/ | Oltre alle varie impostazioni per i file del Tracker, ci sono alcune interessanti sottocartelle : | |
| DefaultFolderTemplate/ | Mostra e stabilisce tutte le proprietà e le dimensioni della finestra a proprio piacimento. Ogni nuova cartella che si crea lo userà come modello. | |
| DefaultQueryTemplates/ | Si può definire il layout di una "Query result window" per determinati tipi di file Query: La finestra dei risultati . | |
| Go/ | Collocare qui i link alle directory preferite per renderle disponibili, ad esempio nei pannelli "apri" e "salva". Si veda il capitolo Interfaccia grafica di Haiku: Preferiti e cartelle recenti. | |
| Tracker New Template/ | E' possibile aggiungere un template per ogni filetype che sarà poi disponibile tramite il menu del Tracker . Leggi il capitolo Tracker: Working with files. |