2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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<!--
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*
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* Copyright 2009, Haiku. All rights reserved.
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* Distributed under the terms of the MIT License.
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*
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* Authors:
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* Humdinger <humdingerb@gmail.com>
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* Translators:
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* Pengphei Han
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*
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2010-08-02 20:51:09 +04:00
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<title>Bash 和脚本</title>
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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2010-08-02 20:51:09 +04:00
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<div><span>用户指南</span></div>
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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2011-05-22 22:01:43 +04:00
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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2011-12-04 00:12:53 +04:00
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2012-11-16 01:36:54 +04:00
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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2010-08-02 20:51:09 +04:00
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« <a href="preferences.html">首选项</a>
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:: <a href="contents.html" class="uplink">内容</a>
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<!-- :: <a href="filesystem-layout.html">文件系统布局</a> » -->
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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<div>
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2010-08-02 20:51:09 +04:00
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<h1>Bash 和脚本</h1>
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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2010-08-02 20:51:09 +04:00
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<p>“撰写脚本”就是把命令组织成可以自动执行的程序，然后把它保存为文本文件，而该文件就称为“脚本”。每次执行脚本时，这些命令则依次执行，和您在<a href="applications/terminal.html">终端</a>中输入命令的顺序相同。<br />
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脚本既可以用于执行一些简单的命令，也可以通过构建成熟的代码来解决复杂的任务。</p>
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="bash" name="bash">Bash</a></h2>
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2010-08-02 20:51:09 +04:00
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<p>由于脚本非常依赖于它们的解释器Shell，所以您必须非常地了解Haiku所使用的BASH。Bash的使用非常广泛，所以网上的资源也非常多。其中 Johan Jansson 的 <a href="http://www.beforever.com/bashtut.htm" class="printurl">bash介绍 - BeOS的bash教程</a>就是一个非常好的文档。</p>
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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<h2>
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<a href="#"><img src="../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="scripting-bible" name="scripting-bible">脚本圣经</a></h2>
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2010-08-02 20:51:09 +04:00
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<p>在您了解了Shell的基础之后，您可以慢慢的让自己融入脚本的世界。同时，您会在网上或者书店里找到许多相关的教程和参考资料。 其中有一个非常好的介绍资料就是Scot Hacker的BeOS圣经中的 <a href="http://www.birdhouse.org/beos/bible/bos/ch_scripting1.html" class="printurl">Scripting Chapter</a>（<a href="http://www.birdhouse.org/beos/bible/bos/BeOS.scripting.PDF">PDF, 900kb</a>），它是专为 Haiku 系统所定制的。</p>
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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<h2>
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2010-08-02 20:51:09 +04:00
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<a href="#"><img src="../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a><a id="user-scripts" name="user-scripts">Haiku的脚本</a></h2>
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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<p>在Haiku系统中，当然也会用到脚本；其中系统的启动和关闭就是典型的脚本程序。这些确定的命令可以由用户脚本来进行扩充。<br />如果它们已经存在，您就需要自己来创建所需的文件。当然，你可以在脚本中适当的位置添加自己希望运行的命令。</p>
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<h3>
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<a href="#"><img src="../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="userbootscript" name="userbootscript">UserBootscript</a> 脚本</h3>
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<p><span class="path">/boot/home/config/boot/UserBootscript</span> 脚本会在系统完成启动进程之后开始运行。例如，您可以在该脚本中添加一些命令来实现相关程序的自动启动：</p>
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<pre># Start LaunchBox
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/boot/system/apps/LaunchBox &
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# Start Workspaces Applet
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/boot/system/apps/Workspaces &</pre>
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<p>需要注意的是，要在命令之后添加 "<tt>&</tt>" 字符，使其作为后台进程运行，否则该脚本将会中止运行直到该命令完成 （这种情况下：已启动的程序将会被关闭）。</p>
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2010-08-02 20:51:09 +04:00
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<p>对于上述的启动程序，另一种方式是把它们的快捷方式放入 <span class="path">/boot/home/config/boot/launch</span> 目录。右键点击你希望自动启动的程序，选择 <span class="menu">Create Link</span> ，然后<a href="tracker.html#navigating">导航</a>至上述目录。</p>
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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<h3>
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<a href="#"><img src="../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="usershutdownscript" name="usershutdownscript">UserShutdownScript</a> 脚本</h3>
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<p><span class="path">/boot/home/config/boot/UserShutdownScript</span> 是系统关机进程的第一个步骤。如果该脚本返回一个非零的结束状态，则系统关闭失败。</p>
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<h3>
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<a href="#"><img src="../images/up.png" style="border:none;float:right" alt="index" /></a>
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<a id="usershutdownfinishscript" name="usershutdownfinishscript">UserShutdownFinishScript</a> 脚本</h3>
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<p><span class="path">/boot/home/config/boot/UserShutdownFinishScript</span> 是结束进程的最后一个步骤。需要注意的是，在该脚本执行之前，大部分的系统进程已经终止。</p>
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2010-08-02 20:51:09 +04:00
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<!-- :: <a href="filesystem-layout.html">文件系统布局</a> » -->
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2010-07-08 22:03:41 +04:00
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