910 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext
910 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext
/ $NetBSD: units.lib,v 1.30 2022/11/20 14:53:14 jakllsch Exp $
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/ primitive units
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m !a!
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kg !b!
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sec !c!
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coul !d!
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candela !e!
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dollar !f!
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bit !h!
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erlang !i!
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K !j!
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/ prefixes
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quetta- 1e30
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ronna- 1e27
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yotta- 1e24
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zetta- 1e21
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exa- 1e18
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peta- 1e15
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tera- 1e12
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giga- 1e9
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mega- 1e6
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myria- 1e4
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kilo- 1e3
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hecto- 1e2
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deka- 1e1
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deci- 1e-1
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centi- 1e-2
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milli- 1e-3
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micro- 1e-6
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nano- 1e-9
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pico- 1e-12
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femto- 1e-15
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atto- 1e-18
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zopto- 1e-21
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yocto- 1e-24
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ronto- 1e-27
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quecto- 1e-30
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semi- .5
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demi- .5
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Q- quetta
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R- ronna
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Y- yotta
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Z- zetta
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E- exa
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P- peta
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T- tera
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G- giga
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M- mega
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k- kilo
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h- hecto
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da- deka
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d- deci
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c- centi
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m- milli
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p- pico
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f- femto
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a- atto
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z- zopto
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y- yocto
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r- ronto
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q- quecto
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/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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/ constants
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fuzz 1
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pi 3.14159265358979323846
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c 2.99792458e+8 m/sec fuzz
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e 1.6021917e-19 coul fuzz
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k 1.38047e-16 erg/degC
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planck 6.626e-34 joule-sec
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hbar 1.055e-34 joule-sec
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mole 6.022169e+23 fuzz
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g 9.80665 m/sec2
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/ conversion factors used as adjectives
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energy c2
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force g
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mercury 1.33322e+5 kg/m2-sec2
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hg mercury
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/ standard ratios
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% 1|100
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percent %
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/ proof is specific to alcohol concentration
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proof 1|200
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/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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/ counts
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dozen 12
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bakersdozen 13
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score 20
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gross 144
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/ quire and ream are specific to counting sheets of paper
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quire 25
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ream 500
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/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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/ angles
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radian .5 / pi
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degree 1|180 pi-radian
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circle 2 pi-radian
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turn 2 pi-radian
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revolution turn
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rev turn
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grade .9 degree
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arcdeg 1 degree
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arcmin 1|60 arcdeg
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arcsec 1|60 arcmin
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centesimalminute 1e-2 grade
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centesimalsecond 1e-4 grade
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/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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/ solid angles
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steradian radian2
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sphere 4 pi-steradian
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sr steradian
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spat 4 pi sr
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/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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/ Time
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/ SI unit
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second sec
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s sec
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/ special-case abbreviations
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ms millisec
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ns nanosec
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us microsec
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/ civil timekeeping
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minute 60 sec
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min minute
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hour 60 min
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hr hour
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day 24 hr
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da day
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week 7 day
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fortnight 14 da
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month 1|12 year
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mo month
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year 365.24219879 day fuzz
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yr year
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decade 10 yr
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century 100 year
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millennium 1000 year
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/ astronomical details
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siderealyear 365.256360417 day
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siderealday 23.934469444 hour
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siderealhour 1|24 siderealday
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lunarmonth 29.5305555 day
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synodicmonth lunarmonth
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siderealmonth 27.32152777 day
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tropicalyear year
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solaryear year
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lunaryear 12 lunarmonth
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/ misc
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sigma microsec
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/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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/ Frequency
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hertz /sec
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Hz hertz
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hz /sec
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khz 1e+3 /sec
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mhz 1e+6 /sec
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rpm rev/minute
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rps rev/sec
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fresnel 1e12 hertz
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pulsatance 2 pi/sec
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/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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/ Mass and weight
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gram millikg
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gramme gram
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gm gram
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mg milligram
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metricton kilokg
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tonne 1e+6 gm
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atomicmassunit 1.66044e-27 kg fuzz
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amu atomicmassunit
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dalton amu
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electronmass 9.1095e-31 kg
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protonmass 1.6726e-27 kg
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neutronmass 1.6606e-27 kg
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carat 205 mg
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metriccarat 200 mg
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quintal 100 kg
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/ Avoirdupois weight
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lb .45359237 kg
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pound lb
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ounce 1|16 lb
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oz ounce
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dram 1|16 oz
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dr dram
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grain 1|7000 lb
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gr grain
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stone 14 lb
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shortton 2000 lb
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ton shortton
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longton 2240 lb
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bag 94 lb
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cental 100 lb
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longhundredweight 112 lb
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longquarter 28 lb
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pennyweight 1|20 oz
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pwt pennyweight
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shorthundredweight 100 lb
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shortquarter 25 lb
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weymass 252 lb
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/ Related mass units
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/
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/ According to Wikipedia there are two definitions for hyl, one using
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/ grams and one using kilograms. beware
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hyl gm force sec2/m
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slug lb-g-sec2/ft
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/ Apothecary weight
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scruple 20 grain
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apdram 60 grain
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drachm 60 grain
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apounce 480 grain
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appound 5760 grain
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troypound appound
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troyounce 1|12 troypound
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/ Thai weight
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salueng 3.75 gm
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baht 4 salueng
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tamlueng 4 baht
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chang 20 tamlueng
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hap 50 chang
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/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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/ Length
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/ SI unit
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meter m
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metre meter
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/ special-case abbreviations
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cm centimeter
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mm millimeter
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km kilometer
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nm nanometer
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/ other metric units
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angstrom decinanometer
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fermi 1e-15 m
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micron micrometer
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/ space-sized lengths
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au 1.49597871e+11 m fuzz
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astronomicalunit au
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lightyear c-yr
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parsec au-radian/arcsec
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pc parsec
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/ English system lengths
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inch 2.54 cm
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in inch
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foot 12 in
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feet foot
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ft foot
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yard 3 ft
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yd yard
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mile 5280 ft
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mi mile
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league 3 mi
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mil 1e-3 in
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/ nautical
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/
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/ Historically, the nautical mile was 6080 feet (6080.2 in England)
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/ but was changed to 1852 meters (6076 feet and change) in the 20th
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/ century with varying dates of adoption around the world.
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/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautical_mile
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/
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/ The US cable is 720 feet. The international cable is 1/10 nautical
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/ mile, which is substantially shorter. The UK Admiralty cable is
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/ apparently 1/10 of a historical Admiralty nautical mile, which is
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/ 1853.2 instead of 1852 meters. These definitions date from the 20th
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/ century. Historically, a cable was 100 fathoms, but the fathom
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/ hadn't yet been fixed at 6 feet, so cables weren't a fixed length
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/ either.
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/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_(unit)
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/
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fathom 6 ft
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nmile 1852 m
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nauticalmile nmile
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marineleague 3 nmile
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cable 1|10 nmile
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uscable 720 ft
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admiraltycable 185.32 m
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/ surveying
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/
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/ The US survey foot is defined as 1200/3937 meters, as opposed to the
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/ ordinary international foot, which is 0.3048 meter (that's exactly
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/ 2.54 cm to the inch as defined above.) These differ slightly.
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/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foot_(unit)
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/
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/ In the US, rods, chains, and furlongs are defined in terms of survey
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/ feet, though the Wikipedia page on furlongs claims without citation
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/ that some states use one definition and some the other. However, it
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/ appears that as of 2022 this definition is on the way out, and other
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/ jurisdictions define these units (to the extent they're used at all)
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/ in terms of the international foot.
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/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_(unit)
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/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furlong_(unit)
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/
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/ Consequently we'll make two sets of definitions and prefix the
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/ variant US ones with "us".
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/
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/ Since historically this file defined "surveyfoot" and "surveyyard"
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/ but "surveyorschain" and "surveyorslink", we will now end up with
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/ several sets for consistency.
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/
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surveyfoot 1200|3937 meter
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surveyyard 3 surveyfoot
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rod 5.5 yard
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rd rod
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perch rod
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pole rod
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chain 66 foot
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link 1|100 chain
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furlong 220 yard
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usrod 5.5 surveyyard
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usperch usrod
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uspole usrod
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uschain 66 surveyfoot
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uslink 1|100 uschain
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usfurlong 220 surveyyard
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surveyorsfoot surveyfoot
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surveyorsyard surveyyard
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surveyorsrod usrod
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surveyorschain uschain
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surveyorslink uslink
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/ These are the same as the basic ones based on the international foot.
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/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunter's_chain
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/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_units
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guntersrod rod
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gunterschain chain
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gunterslink link
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/ typographical
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pica 1|6 in
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point 1|72 in
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/ data centers and machine rooms
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rackunit 1.75 in
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RU rackunit
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U rackunit
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/ physics
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bohrradius hbar2-C2/8.988e9 N m2-e2-electronmass
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/ miscellaneous/historical/obscure English units
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line 1|12 in
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barleycorn 1|3 in
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finger 7|8 in
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nail 1|16 yd
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palm 3 in
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hand 4 in
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quarter 9 in
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span 9 in
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cubit 18 in
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militarypace 2.5 feet
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pace 36 in
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ell 45 in
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smoot 67 in
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rope 20 ft
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bolt 40 yd
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skein 120 yd
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spindle 14400 yd
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/ more ells
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flemishell 27 inch
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scottishell 37.2 inch
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englishell 45 inch
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/ I can't find supporting evidence for this definition.
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rood 1.21e+3 yd
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/ other
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geodeticfoot surveyfoot
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geographicalmile 1852 m
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engineerschain 100 ft
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engineerslink 100|100 ft
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/ note that while caliber is technically a unit, caliber sizes for ammunition
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/ are usually short names for more complicated specifications.
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caliber 1e-2 in
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frenchfoot 16|15 ft
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frenchfeet frenchfoot
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toise 6 frenchfeet
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parasang 3.5 mi
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/ Thai length
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krabiat 0.5208 cm
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nio 4 krabiat
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khuep 12 nio
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sok 2 khuep
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wah 4 sok
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sen 20 wah
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yot 400 sen
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/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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/ Speed
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admiraltyknot 6080 ft/hr
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knot nmile/hr
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mph mile/hr
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/ The speed of sound varies substantially with density, and thus
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/ both pressure and temperature. This number appears to be for
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/ 0 degrees Celsius at sea level. The value is considerably lower
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/ at typical flight altitudes for high-performance aircraft.
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mach 331.46 m/sec
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/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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/ Area
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/ metric
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are 1e+2 m2
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hectare 1e+4 m2
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/ English
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sabin 1 ft2
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square 100 ft2
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acre 4840 yd2
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homestead 1|4 mi2
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quartersection 1|4 mi2
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section mi2
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township 36 mi2
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/ particle physics
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barn 1e-28 m2
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shed 1e-24 barn
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/ Thai area
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tarangwah wah2
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ngan 100 tarangwah
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rai 4 ngan
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/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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/ Volume
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/ metric
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cc cm3
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liter kilocc
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litre liter
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ml milliliter
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stere m3
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/ US liquid volume
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gallon 231 in3
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gal gallon
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quart 1|4 gal
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qt quart
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pint 1|2 qt
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pt pint
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cup 1|2 pt
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gill 1|4 pt
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floz 1|16 pt
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tablespoon 1|2 floz
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teaspoon 1|3 tablespoon
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fldr 1|8 floz
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minim 1|60 fldr
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barrel 42 gal
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hogshead 63 gallon
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hd hogshead
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noggin 1|8 qt
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fifth 4|5 qt
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firkin 9 gal
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kilderkin 18 gal
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pipe 4 barrel
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tun 8 barrel
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/ US dry volume
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dry 268.8025 in3/gallon fuzz
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peck 8 dry-quart
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pk peck
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bushel 4 peck
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bu bushel
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strike 2 bu
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sack 3 bu
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coomb 4 bu
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seam 8 bu
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chaldron 36 bushel
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wey 40 bu
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last 80 bu
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cord 128 ft3
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cordfoot cord
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/ British volume
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imperial 1.20095
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brgallon 277.420 in3 fuzz
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brquart 1|4 brgallon
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brpint 1|2 brquart
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brfloz 1|20 brpint
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brpeck 554.84 in3 fuzz
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brbushel 4 brpeck
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cran 37.5 brgallon
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/ Bottles
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bottle 750 milliliter
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/bottle fifth
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miniature 100 milliliter
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split 1|4 bottle
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half 1|2 bottle
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magnum 2 bottle
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jeroboam 4 bottle
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rehoboam 6 bottle
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methuselah 8 bottle
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salmanazar 12 bottle
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balthazar 16 bottle
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nebuchadnezzar 20 bottle
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sovereign 34 bottle
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/ Bottles - alternate names and spellings
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pony split
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fillette half
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tappithen 3 bottle
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rheoboam rehoboam
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shalmaneser salmanazar
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/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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/ Force
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/ SI unit
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newton kg-m/sec2
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nt newton
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N newton
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/ metric units
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dyne cm-gm/sec2
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sthene 1e+3 nt
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/ foot/pound units
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lbf lb g
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kip 1000 lbf
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poundal ft-lb/sec2
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pdl poundal
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/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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/ Pressure
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/ SI unit
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pascal nt/m2
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/ metric units
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bar 1e+5 nt/m2
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barie 1e-1 nt/m2
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barye 1e-1 nt/m2
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pieze 1e+3 nt/m2
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/ other
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atmosphere 1.01325e+5 nt/m2
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atm atmosphere
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psi lb-g/in2
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torr mm hg
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/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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/ Energy and work (and power)
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joule nt-m
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watt joule/sec
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W watt
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cal 4.1868 joule
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calorie cal
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kcal kilocal
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kcalorie kilocal
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frigorie kilocal
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britishthermalunit 1.05506e+3 joule fuzz
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btu britishthermalunit
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erg cm2-gm/sec2
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horsepower 550 ft-lb-g/sec
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hp horsepower
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therm 1e+5 btu
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thermie 1e+6 cal
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tnt 4.6e+6 m2/sec2
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/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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/ Temperature
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degC K
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kelvin K
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degF 5|9 degC
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degreesrankine degF
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degrankine degreesrankine
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degreerankine degF
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degreaumur 10|8 degC
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/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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/ Electrical
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/ SI units
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coulomb coul
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C coul
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ampere coul/sec
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amp ampere
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V volt
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volt watt/amp
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ohm volt/amp
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farad coul/volt
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henry sec2/farad
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weber volt-sec
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tesla weber/m2
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/ special-case abbreviations
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mh millihenry
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uf microfarad
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pf picofarad
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/ other
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biot 10 amp
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debye 3.336e-30 coul-m
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faraday 9.652e+4 coul
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gamma 1e-9 weber/m2
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gauss 1e-4 weber/m2
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gilbert 7.95775e-1 amp
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kilohm kiloohm
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maxwell 1e-8 weber
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megohm megaohm
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mho /ohm
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oersted 2.5e+2 pi-amp/m
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oe oersted
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siemens /ohm
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statcoul 1|2.99792458e9 coul
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statamp 1|2.99792458e9 amp
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statvolt 2.99792458e2 volt
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statcoulomb statcoul
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statampere statamp
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/ franklin is an alternate name for statcoulomb
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/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_(unit)
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franklin statcoul
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/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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/ more energy
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eV e V
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ev e-volt
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electronvolt e-volt
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bev 1e+9 e-volt
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kev 1e+3 e-volt
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rydberg 1.36054e+1 ev
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/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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/ Radiant intensity (and related phenomena)
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/ SI units
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cd candela
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lumen cd sr
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lux cd sr/m2
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/ Miscellaneous units
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apostilb cd/pi-m2
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blondel cd/pi-m2
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candle 1.02 candela
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equivalentfootcandle lumen/pi-ft2
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equivalentlux lumen/pi-m2
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equivalentphot cd/pi-cm2
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footcandle lumen/ft2
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footlambert cd/pi-ft2
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hefnercandle .92 cd
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lambert cd/pi-cm2
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nit cd/m2
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nox 1e-3 lux
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phot lumen/cm2
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skot 1e-3 apostilb
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stilb cd/cm2
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langley cal/cm2
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/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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/ Radioactivity and radiation dosimetry
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/ Activity
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becquerel /sec
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Bq becquerel
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curie 3.7e+10 /sec
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Ci curie
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rutherford 1e+6 /sec
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/ Absorbed radiation dose
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gray joule/kg
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Gy gray
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rad 100 erg/gm
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/ Equivalent radiation dose
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sievert joule/kg
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Sv sievert
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rem 1e-2 sievert
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/ Legacy radiation dose
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roentgen 2.58e-4 coulomb/kg
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rontgen roentgen
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R roentgen
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/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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/ Currency
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/ Wall Street Journal, July 2, 1993
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$ dollar
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argentinapeso $
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australiadollar .66 $
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bahraindinar 2.6522 $
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brazilcruzeiro .000019 $
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britainpound 1.49 $
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canadadollar .77 $
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czechkoruna .034 $
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chilepeso .0025 $
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chinarenminbi .174856 $
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colombiapeso .001495 $
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denmarkkrone .15 $
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ecuadorsucre .000539 $
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europeeuro 0.9142 $
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greatbritainpound britainpound
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hongkongdollar .13 $
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hungaryforint .011 $
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indiarupee .03211 $
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indonesiarupiah .0004782 $
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israelshekel .3642 $
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japanyen .0093 $
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jordandinar 1.4682 $
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kuwaitdinar 3.3173 $
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lebanonpound .000578 $
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malaysiaringgit .338 $
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maltalira 2.6042 $
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mexicopeso .3205128 $
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newzealanddollar .539 $
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norwaykrone .139 $
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pakistanrupee .037 $
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perunewsol .5065 $
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philippinespeso .03738 $
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polandzloty .000059 $
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saudiarabiariyal .26702 $
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singaporedollar .6157 $
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slovakkoruna .034 $
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southafricarand .21 $
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southkoreawon .001 $
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swedenkrona .13 $
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switzerlandfranc .66 $
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taiwandollar .038285 $
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thailandbaht .03962 $
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turkeylira .0000929 $
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unitedarabdirham .2723 $
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uruguaynewpeso .246852 $
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venezuelabolivar .011 $
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/ The following currencies are locked to the Euro:
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/ <URL:http://www.ecb.int/change/conversion.htm>
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belgiumfranc 1|40.3399 euro
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germanymark 1|1.95583 euro
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spainpeseta 1|166.386 euro
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francefranc 1|6.55957 euro
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irelandpunt 1|.787564 euro
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italylira 1|1936.27 euro
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luxembourgfranc 1|40.3399 euro
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netherlandsguilder 1|2.20371 euro
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austriaschilling 1|13.7603 euro
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portugalescudo 1|200.482 euro
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finlandmarkka 1|5.94573 euro
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greecedrachma 1|340.750 euro
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mark germanymark
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euro europeeuro
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bolivar venezuelabolivar
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peseta spainpeseta
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rand southafricarand
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escudo portugalescudo
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newsol perunewsol
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guilder netherlandsguilder
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hollandguilder netherlandsguilder
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peso mexicopeso
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yen japanyen
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lira italylira
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rupee indiarupee
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drachma greecedrachma
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franc francefranc
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markka finlandmarkka
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sucre ecuadorsucre
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poundsterling britainpound
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cruzeiro brazilcruzeiro
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buck dollar
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cent centidollar
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fin 5 dollar
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/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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/ size of data
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baud bit/sec
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byte 8 bit
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block 512 byte
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kbyte 1024 byte
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megabyte 1024 kbyte
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gigabyte 1024 megabyte
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meg megabyte
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gig gigabyte
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terabyte 1024 gigabyte
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petabyte 1024 terabyte
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/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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/ Trivia and miscellaneous units
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arpentcan 27.52 mi
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arpentlin 191.835 ft
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boardfoot 144 in3
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bottommeasure 1|40 in
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refrigeration 12000 btu/ton-hour
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caratgold 1|24
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ccs 1|36 erlang
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cfs ft3/sec
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circularinch 1|4 pi-in2
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circularmil 1e-6|4 pi-in2
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clusec 1e-8 mm-hg m3/s
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crith 9.06e-2 gm
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diopter /m
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displacementton 35 ft3
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doppelzentner 100 kg
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drop .03 cm3
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galileo 1e-2 m/sec2
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imaginarycubicfoot 1.4 ft3
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karat 1|24
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key kg
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lusec 1e-6 mm-hg m3/s
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mgd megagal/day
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minersinch 1.5 ft3/min
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mpg mile/gal
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poise gm/cm-sec
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registerton 100 ft3
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rhe 10 m2/nt-sec
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shippington 40 ft3
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stoke 1e-4 m2/sec
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timberfoot ft3
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water gram g / cc
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Xunit 1.00202e-13 m
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brewster 1e-12 m2/newton
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poncelet 100 kg m g / sec
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denier .05|450 gram / m
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tex .001 gram / m
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iudiptheria 62.8 microgram
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iupenicillin .6 microgram
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iuinsulin 41.67 microgram
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cottonyarncount 2520 ft/pound
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linenyarncount 900 ft/pound
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worstedyarncount 1680 ft/pound
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metricyarncount meter/gram
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jewelerspoint 2 milligram
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