diff --git a/clients/gears.c b/clients/gears.c
index 8496abbd..5c2b3cf1 100644
--- a/clients/gears.c
+++ b/clients/gears.c
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ redraw_handler(struct window *window, void *data)
 }
 
 static void
-frame_callback(void *data, uint32_t time)
+frame_callback(struct wl_surface *surface, void *data, uint32_t time)
 {
 	struct gears *gears = data;
 
@@ -344,6 +344,7 @@ frame_callback(void *data, uint32_t time)
 
 	window_schedule_redraw(gears->window);
 	wl_display_frame_callback(display_get_display(gears->d),
+				  window_get_wl_surface(gears->window),
 				  frame_callback, gears);
 }
 
@@ -412,6 +413,7 @@ gears_create(struct display *display)
 
 	draw_gears(gears);
 	wl_display_frame_callback(display_get_display(gears->d),
+				  window_get_wl_surface(gears->window),
 				  frame_callback, gears);
 
 	return gears;
diff --git a/clients/resizor.c b/clients/resizor.c
index 0ac02f6e..fc5dedd3 100644
--- a/clients/resizor.c
+++ b/clients/resizor.c
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ struct resizor {
 };
 
 static void
-frame_callback(void *data, uint32_t time)
+frame_callback(struct wl_surface *surface, void *data, uint32_t time)
 {
 	struct resizor *resizor = data;
 	double force, height;
@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@ resizor_draw(struct resizor *resizor)
 
 	if (fabs(resizor->height.previous - resizor->height.target) > 0.1) {
 		wl_display_frame_callback(display_get_display(resizor->display),
+					  window_get_wl_surface(resizor->window),
 					  frame_callback, resizor);
 	}
 }
@@ -140,11 +141,11 @@ key_handler(struct window *window, struct input *input, uint32_t time,
 	switch (sym) {
 	case XK_Down:
 		resizor->height.target = 400;
-		frame_callback(resizor, 0);
+		frame_callback(window_get_wl_surface(window), resizor, 0);
 		break;
 	case XK_Up:
 		resizor->height.target = 200;
-		frame_callback(resizor, 0);
+		frame_callback(window_get_wl_surface(window), resizor, 0);
 		break;
 	}
 }
diff --git a/clients/simple-client.c b/clients/simple-client.c
index 89718dfa..01afaae4 100644
--- a/clients/simple-client.c
+++ b/clients/simple-client.c
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ create_surface(struct window *window)
 }
 
 static void
-redraw(void *data, uint32_t time)
+redraw(struct wl_surface *surface, void *data, uint32_t time)
 {
 	struct window *window = data;
 	static const GLfloat verts[3][2] = {
@@ -267,7 +267,9 @@ redraw(void *data, uint32_t time)
 	glFlush();
 
 	eglSwapBuffers(window->display->egl.dpy, window->egl_surface);
-	wl_display_frame_callback(window->display->display, redraw, window);
+	wl_display_frame_callback(window->display->display,
+				  window->surface,
+				  redraw, window);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -315,7 +317,8 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	create_surface(&window);
 	init_gl(&window);
 
-	wl_display_frame_callback(display.display, redraw, &window);
+	wl_display_frame_callback(display.display, window.surface,
+				  redraw, &window);
 
 	wl_display_get_fd(display.display, event_mask_update, &display);
 	while (true)
diff --git a/clients/smoke.c b/clients/smoke.c
index 0710b3a1..32ca0c08 100644
--- a/clients/smoke.c
+++ b/clients/smoke.c
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ static void render(struct smoke *smoke)
 }
 
 static void
-frame_callback(void *data, uint32_t time)
+frame_callback(struct wl_surface *surface, void *data, uint32_t time)
 {
 	struct smoke *smoke = data;
 
@@ -201,6 +201,7 @@ frame_callback(void *data, uint32_t time)
 
 	window_damage(smoke->window, 0, 0, smoke->width, smoke->height);
 	wl_display_frame_callback(display_get_display(smoke->display),
+				  window_get_wl_surface(smoke->window),
 				  frame_callback, smoke);
 }
 
@@ -288,6 +289,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 	window_set_user_data(smoke.window, &smoke);
 	wl_display_frame_callback(display_get_display(d),
+				  window_get_wl_surface(smoke.window),
 				  frame_callback, &smoke);
 
 	display_run(d);
diff --git a/clients/window.c b/clients/window.c
index 0c93b9cf..ec1714e9 100644
--- a/clients/window.c
+++ b/clients/window.c
@@ -792,6 +792,12 @@ window_get_surface(struct window *window)
 	return cairo_surface_reference(window->cairo_surface);
 }
 
+struct wl_surface *
+window_get_wl_surface(struct window *window)
+{
+	return window->surface;
+}
+
 static int
 get_pointer_location(struct window *window, int32_t x, int32_t y)
 {
diff --git a/clients/window.h b/clients/window.h
index 7073f4a6..c5285f76 100644
--- a/clients/window.h
+++ b/clients/window.h
@@ -157,6 +157,9 @@ window_damage(struct window *window, int32_t x, int32_t y,
 cairo_surface_t *
 window_get_surface(struct window *window);
 
+struct wl_surface *
+window_get_wl_surface(struct window *window);
+
 void
 window_flush(struct window *window);
 
diff --git a/compositor/compositor-drm.c b/compositor/compositor-drm.c
index aa58a310..c7698748 100644
--- a/compositor/compositor-drm.c
+++ b/compositor/compositor-drm.c
@@ -79,23 +79,24 @@ drm_output_prepare_render(struct wlsc_output *output_base)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void
-drm_compositor_present(struct wlsc_compositor *ec)
+static int
+drm_output_present(struct wlsc_output *output_base)
 {
-	struct drm_compositor *c = (struct drm_compositor *) ec;
-	struct drm_output *output;
+	struct drm_output *output = (struct drm_output *) output_base;
+	struct drm_compositor *c =
+		(struct drm_compositor *) output->base.compositor;
 
-	wl_list_for_each(output, &ec->output_list, base.link) {
-		if (drm_output_prepare_render(&output->base))
-			continue;
-		glFlush();
+	if (drm_output_prepare_render(&output->base))
+		return -1;
+	glFlush();
 
-		output->current ^= 1;
+	output->current ^= 1;
 
-		drmModePageFlip(c->drm.fd, output->crtc_id,
-				output->fb_id[output->current ^ 1],
-				DRM_MODE_PAGE_FLIP_EVENT, output);
-	}	
+	drmModePageFlip(c->drm.fd, output->crtc_id,
+			output->fb_id[output->current ^ 1],
+			DRM_MODE_PAGE_FLIP_EVENT, output);
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -103,16 +104,10 @@ page_flip_handler(int fd, unsigned int frame,
 		  unsigned int sec, unsigned int usec, void *data)
 {
 	struct wlsc_output *output = data;
-	struct wlsc_compositor *compositor = output->compositor;
 	uint32_t msecs;
 
-	/* run synchronized to first output, ignore other pflip events.
-	 * FIXME: support per output/surface frame callbacks */
-	if (output == container_of(compositor->output_list.prev,
-				   struct wlsc_output, link)) {
-		msecs = sec * 1000 + usec / 1000;
-		wlsc_compositor_finish_frame(compositor, msecs);
-	}
+	msecs = sec * 1000 + usec / 1000;
+	wlsc_output_finish_frame(output, msecs);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -287,6 +282,7 @@ create_output_for_connector(struct drm_compositor *ec,
 	}
 
 	output->base.prepare_render = drm_output_prepare_render;
+	output->base.present = drm_output_present;
 
 	wl_list_insert(ec->base.output_list.prev, &output->base.link);
 
@@ -523,7 +519,6 @@ drm_compositor_create(struct wl_display *display, int connector)
 	}
 
 	ec->base.destroy = drm_destroy;
-	ec->base.present = drm_compositor_present;
 	ec->base.create_buffer = wlsc_shm_buffer_create;
 	ec->base.focus = 1;
 
diff --git a/compositor/compositor-wayland.c b/compositor/compositor-wayland.c
index 524a25c8..097b23e4 100644
--- a/compositor/compositor-wayland.c
+++ b/compositor/compositor-wayland.c
@@ -156,11 +156,11 @@ wayland_compositor_init_egl(struct wayland_compositor *c)
 }
 
 static void
-frame_callback(void *data, uint32_t time)
+frame_callback(struct wl_surface *surface, void *data, uint32_t time)
 {
-	struct wayland_compositor *c = (struct wayland_compositor *) data;
+	struct wlsc_output *output = data;
 
-	wlsc_compositor_finish_frame(&c->base, time);
+	wlsc_output_finish_frame(output, time);
 }
 
 static int
@@ -178,20 +178,22 @@ wayland_output_prepare_render(struct wlsc_output *output_base)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void
-wayland_compositor_present(struct wlsc_compositor *base)
+static int
+wayland_output_present(struct wlsc_output *output_base)
 {
-	struct wayland_compositor *c = (struct wayland_compositor *) base;
-	struct wayland_output *output;
+	struct wayland_output *output = (struct wayland_output *) output_base;
+	struct wayland_compositor *c =
+		(struct wayland_compositor *) output->base.compositor;
 
-	wl_list_for_each(output, &base->output_list, base.link) {
-		if (wayland_output_prepare_render(&output->base))
-			continue;
+	if (wayland_output_prepare_render(&output->base))
+		return -1;
 
-		eglSwapBuffers(c->base.display, output->egl_surface);
-	}
+	eglSwapBuffers(c->base.display, output->egl_surface);
+	wl_display_frame_callback(c->parent.display,
+				  output->parent.surface,
+				  frame_callback, &output->base);
 
-	wl_display_frame_callback(c->parent.display, frame_callback, c);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int
@@ -243,6 +245,7 @@ wayland_compositor_create_output(struct wayland_compositor *c,
 	glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
 
 	output->base.prepare_render = wayland_output_prepare_render;
+	output->base.present = wayland_output_present;
 
 	wl_list_insert(c->base.output_list.prev, &output->base.link);
 
@@ -477,7 +480,6 @@ wayland_compositor_create(struct wl_display *display, int width, int height)
 		return NULL;
 
 	c->base.destroy = wayland_destroy;
-	c->base.present = wayland_compositor_present;
 	c->base.create_buffer = wlsc_shm_buffer_create;
 
 	/* Can't init base class until we have a current egl context */
diff --git a/compositor/compositor-x11.c b/compositor/compositor-x11.c
index ba593c14..f837a6a8 100644
--- a/compositor/compositor-x11.c
+++ b/compositor/compositor-x11.c
@@ -171,24 +171,24 @@ x11_output_prepare_render(struct wlsc_output *output_base)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void
-x11_compositor_present(struct wlsc_compositor *base)
+static int
+x11_output_present(struct wlsc_output *output_base)
 {
-	struct x11_compositor *c = (struct x11_compositor *) base;
-	struct x11_output *output;
+	struct x11_output *output = (struct x11_output *) output_base;
+	struct wlsc_compositor *ec = output->base.compositor;
 	struct timeval tv;
 	uint32_t msec;
 
-	wl_list_for_each(output, &c->base.output_list, base.link) {
-		if (x11_output_prepare_render(&output->base))
-			continue;
+	if (x11_output_prepare_render(&output->base))
+		return -1;
 
-		eglSwapBuffers(c->base.display, output->egl_surface);
-	}
+	eglSwapBuffers(ec->display, output->egl_surface);
 
 	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
 	msec = tv.tv_sec * 1000 + tv.tv_usec / 1000;
-	wlsc_compositor_finish_frame(&c->base, msec);
+	wlsc_output_finish_frame(&output->base, msec);
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -338,6 +338,7 @@ x11_compositor_create_output(struct x11_compositor *c, int width, int height)
 	}
 
 	output->base.prepare_render = x11_output_prepare_render;
+	output->base.present = x11_output_present;
 
 	wl_list_insert(c->base.output_list.prev, &output->base.link);
 
@@ -569,7 +570,6 @@ x11_compositor_create(struct wl_display *display, int width, int height)
 		return NULL;
 
 	c->base.destroy = x11_destroy;
-	c->base.present = x11_compositor_present;
 	c->base.create_buffer = wlsc_shm_buffer_create;
 
 	/* Can't init base class until we have a current egl context */
diff --git a/compositor/compositor.c b/compositor/compositor.c
index 23465dab..90fd51ca 100644
--- a/compositor/compositor.c
+++ b/compositor/compositor.c
@@ -479,9 +479,20 @@ wlsc_surface_update_matrix(struct wlsc_surface *es)
 }
 
 void
-wlsc_compositor_finish_frame(struct wlsc_compositor *compositor, int msecs)
+wlsc_output_finish_frame(struct wlsc_output *output, int msecs)
 {
-	wl_display_post_frame(compositor->wl_display, msecs);
+	struct wlsc_compositor *compositor = output->compositor;
+	struct wlsc_surface *es;
+
+	wl_list_for_each(es, &compositor->surface_list, link) {
+		if (es->output == output) {
+			wl_display_post_frame(compositor->wl_display,
+					      &es->surface, msecs);
+		}
+	}
+
+	output->finished = 1;
+
 	wl_event_source_timer_update(compositor->timer_source, 5);
 	compositor->repaint_on_timeout = 1;
 }
@@ -549,24 +560,38 @@ repaint(void *data)
 {
 	struct wlsc_compositor *ec = data;
 	struct wlsc_output *output;
+	int repainted_all_outputs = 1;
 
-	if (!ec->repaint_needed) {
-		ec->repaint_on_timeout = 0;
-		return;
+	wl_list_for_each(output, &ec->output_list, link) {
+		if (!output->repaint_needed)
+			continue;
+
+		if (!output->finished) {
+			repainted_all_outputs = 0;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		wlsc_output_repaint(output);
+		output->finished = 0;
+		output->present(output);
+
+		output->repaint_needed = 0;
 	}
 
-	wl_list_for_each(output, &ec->output_list, link)
-		wlsc_output_repaint(output);
-
-	ec->present(ec);
-
-	ec->repaint_needed = 0;
+	if (repainted_all_outputs)
+		ec->repaint_on_timeout = 0;
+	else
+		wl_event_source_timer_update(ec->timer_source, 1);
 }
 
 void
 wlsc_compositor_schedule_repaint(struct wlsc_compositor *compositor)
 {
-	compositor->repaint_needed = 1;
+	struct wlsc_output *output;
+
+	wl_list_for_each(output, &compositor->output_list, link)
+		output->repaint_needed = 1;
+
 	if (compositor->repaint_on_timeout)
 		return;
 
@@ -581,6 +606,32 @@ surface_destroy(struct wl_client *client,
 	wl_resource_destroy(&surface->resource, client);
 }
 
+void
+wlsc_surface_assign_output(struct wlsc_surface *es)
+{
+	struct wlsc_compositor *ec = es->compositor;
+	struct wlsc_output *output;
+
+	struct wlsc_output *tmp = es->output;
+	es->output = NULL;
+
+	wl_list_for_each(output, &ec->output_list, link) {
+		if (output->x < es->x && es->x < output->x + output->width &&
+		    output->y < es->y && es->y < output->y + output->height) {
+			if (output != tmp)
+				printf("assiging surface %p to output %p\n",
+				       es, output);
+			es->output = output;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	if (es->output == NULL) {
+		printf("no output found\n");
+		es->output = container_of(ec->output_list.next,
+					  struct wlsc_output, link);
+	}
+}
+
 static void
 surface_attach(struct wl_client *client,
 	       struct wl_surface *surface, struct wl_buffer *buffer,
@@ -601,6 +652,8 @@ surface_attach(struct wl_client *client,
 	es->y += y;
 	es->width = buffer->width;
 	es->height = buffer->height;
+	if (x != 0 || y != 0)
+		wlsc_surface_assign_output(es);
 	wlsc_surface_update_matrix(es);
 }
 
@@ -609,12 +662,16 @@ surface_map_toplevel(struct wl_client *client,
 		     struct wl_surface *surface)
 {
 	struct wlsc_surface *es = (struct wlsc_surface *) surface;
+	struct wlsc_compositor *ec = es->compositor;
 
 	switch (es->map_type) {
 	case WLSC_SURFACE_MAP_UNMAPPED:
 		es->x = 10 + random() % 400;
 		es->y = 10 + random() % 400;
 		wlsc_surface_update_matrix(es);
+		/* assign to first output */
+		es->output = container_of(ec->output_list.next,
+					  struct wlsc_output, link);
 		wl_list_insert(&es->compositor->surface_list, &es->link);
 		break;
 	case WLSC_SURFACE_MAP_TOPLEVEL:
@@ -644,6 +701,8 @@ surface_map_transient(struct wl_client *client,
 	switch (es->map_type) {
 	case WLSC_SURFACE_MAP_UNMAPPED:
 		wl_list_insert(&es->compositor->surface_list, &es->link);
+		/* assign to parents output  */
+		es->output = pes->output;
 		break;
 	case WLSC_SURFACE_MAP_FULLSCREEN:
 		es->fullscreen_output = NULL;
@@ -666,10 +725,17 @@ surface_map_fullscreen(struct wl_client *client, struct wl_surface *surface)
 	struct wlsc_surface *es = (struct wlsc_surface *) surface;
 	struct wlsc_output *output;
 
+	/* FIXME: Fullscreen on first output */
+	/* FIXME: Handle output going away */
+	output = container_of(es->compositor->output_list.next,
+			      struct wlsc_output, link);
+
 	switch (es->map_type) {
 	case WLSC_SURFACE_MAP_UNMAPPED:
 		es->x = 10 + random() % 400;
 		es->y = 10 + random() % 400;
+		/* assign to first output */
+		es->output = output;
 		wl_list_insert(&es->compositor->surface_list, &es->link);
 		break;
 	case WLSC_SURFACE_MAP_FULLSCREEN:
@@ -678,11 +744,6 @@ surface_map_fullscreen(struct wl_client *client, struct wl_surface *surface)
 		break;
 	}
 
-	/* FIXME: Fullscreen on first output */
-	/* FIXME: Handle output going away */
-	output = container_of(es->compositor->output_list.next,
-			      struct wlsc_output, link);
-
 	es->saved_x = es->x;
 	es->saved_y = es->y;
 	es->x = (output->width - es->width) / 2;
@@ -1362,6 +1423,7 @@ wlsc_output_init(struct wlsc_output *output, struct wlsc_compositor *c,
 		background_create(output, option_background);
 
 	output->flags = flags;
+	output->finished = 1;
 	wlsc_output_move(output, x, y);
 
 	output->object.interface = &wl_output_interface;
diff --git a/compositor/compositor.h b/compositor/compositor.h
index 637fde0b..6a392fcb 100644
--- a/compositor/compositor.h
+++ b/compositor/compositor.h
@@ -48,8 +48,11 @@ struct wlsc_output {
 	int32_t x, y, width, height;
 	pixman_region32_t previous_damage_region;
 	uint32_t flags;
+	int repaint_needed;
+	int finished;
 
 	int (*prepare_render)(struct wlsc_output *output);
+	int (*present)(struct wlsc_output *output);
 };
 
 enum wlsc_pointer_type {
@@ -103,7 +106,6 @@ struct wlsc_compositor {
 
 	/* Repaint state. */
 	struct wl_event_source *timer_source;
-	int repaint_needed;
 	int repaint_on_timeout;
 	struct timespec previous_swap;
 	pixman_region32_t damage_region;
@@ -114,7 +116,6 @@ struct wlsc_compositor {
 
 	void (*destroy)(struct wlsc_compositor *ec);
 	int (*authenticate)(struct wlsc_compositor *c, uint32_t id);
-	void (*present)(struct wlsc_compositor *c);
 	struct wl_buffer *(*create_buffer)(struct wlsc_compositor *c,
 					   int32_t width, int32_t height,
 					   int32_t stride, struct wl_visual *visual,
@@ -151,6 +152,7 @@ struct wlsc_surface {
 	struct wlsc_matrix matrix_inv;
 	struct wl_visual *visual;
 	struct wl_buffer *buffer;
+	struct wlsc_output *output;
 	enum wlsc_surface_map_type map_type;
 	struct wlsc_output *fullscreen_output;
 };
@@ -180,10 +182,13 @@ notify_keyboard_focus(struct wl_input_device *device,
 		      struct wl_array *keys);
 
 void
-wlsc_compositor_finish_frame(struct wlsc_compositor *compositor, int msecs);
+wlsc_output_finish_frame(struct wlsc_output *output, int msecs);
 void
 wlsc_compositor_schedule_repaint(struct wlsc_compositor *compositor);
 
+void
+wlsc_surface_assign_output(struct wlsc_surface *surface);
+
 void
 wlsc_surface_damage(struct wlsc_surface *surface);
 
diff --git a/compositor/shell.c b/compositor/shell.c
index a19d3db4..8ed7d2cb 100644
--- a/compositor/shell.c
+++ b/compositor/shell.c
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ move_grab_motion(struct wl_grab *grab,
 	wlsc_surface_damage(es);
 	es->x = x + move->dx;
 	es->y = y + move->dy;
+	wlsc_surface_assign_output(es);
 	wlsc_surface_update_matrix(es);
 	wlsc_surface_damage(es);
 }