460 lines
14 KiB
C
460 lines
14 KiB
C
/*
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** 2015-08-18
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**
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** The author disclaims copyright to this source code. In place of
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** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
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**
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** May you do good and not evil.
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** May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
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** May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
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**
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*************************************************************************
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**
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** This file demonstrates how to create a table-valued-function using
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** a virtual table. This demo implements the generate_series() function
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** which gives similar results to the eponymous function in PostgreSQL.
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** Examples:
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**
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** SELECT * FROM generate_series(0,100,5);
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**
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** The query above returns integers from 0 through 100 counting by steps
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** of 5.
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**
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** SELECT * FROM generate_series(0,100);
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**
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** Integers from 0 through 100 with a step size of 1.
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**
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** SELECT * FROM generate_series(20) LIMIT 10;
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**
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** Integers 20 through 29.
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**
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** HOW IT WORKS
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**
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** The generate_series "function" is really a virtual table with the
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** following schema:
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**
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** CREATE TABLE generate_series(
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** value,
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** start HIDDEN,
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** stop HIDDEN,
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** step HIDDEN
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** );
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**
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** Function arguments in queries against this virtual table are translated
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** into equality constraints against successive hidden columns. In other
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** words, the following pairs of queries are equivalent to each other:
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**
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** SELECT * FROM generate_series(0,100,5);
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** SELECT * FROM generate_series WHERE start=0 AND stop=100 AND step=5;
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**
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** SELECT * FROM generate_series(0,100);
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** SELECT * FROM generate_series WHERE start=0 AND stop=100;
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**
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** SELECT * FROM generate_series(20) LIMIT 10;
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** SELECT * FROM generate_series WHERE start=20 LIMIT 10;
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**
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** The generate_series virtual table implementation leaves the xCreate method
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** set to NULL. This means that it is not possible to do a CREATE VIRTUAL
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** TABLE command with "generate_series" as the USING argument. Instead, there
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** is a single generate_series virtual table that is always available without
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** having to be created first.
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**
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** The xBestIndex method looks for equality constraints against the hidden
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** start, stop, and step columns, and if present, it uses those constraints
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** to bound the sequence of generated values. If the equality constraints
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** are missing, it uses 0 for start, 4294967295 for stop, and 1 for step.
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** xBestIndex returns a small cost when both start and stop are available,
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** and a very large cost if either start or stop are unavailable. This
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** encourages the query planner to order joins such that the bounds of the
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** series are well-defined.
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*/
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#include "sqlite3ext.h"
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SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
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#include <assert.h>
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#include <string.h>
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#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
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/* series_cursor is a subclass of sqlite3_vtab_cursor which will
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** serve as the underlying representation of a cursor that scans
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** over rows of the result
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*/
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typedef struct series_cursor series_cursor;
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struct series_cursor {
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sqlite3_vtab_cursor base; /* Base class - must be first */
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int isDesc; /* True to count down rather than up */
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sqlite3_int64 iRowid; /* The rowid */
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sqlite3_int64 iValue; /* Current value ("value") */
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sqlite3_int64 mnValue; /* Mimimum value ("start") */
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sqlite3_int64 mxValue; /* Maximum value ("stop") */
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sqlite3_int64 iStep; /* Increment ("step") */
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};
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/*
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** The seriesConnect() method is invoked to create a new
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** series_vtab that describes the generate_series virtual table.
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**
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** Think of this routine as the constructor for series_vtab objects.
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**
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** All this routine needs to do is:
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**
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** (1) Allocate the series_vtab object and initialize all fields.
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**
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** (2) Tell SQLite (via the sqlite3_declare_vtab() interface) what the
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** result set of queries against generate_series will look like.
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*/
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static int seriesConnect(
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sqlite3 *db,
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void *pUnused,
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int argcUnused, const char *const*argvUnused,
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sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,
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char **pzErrUnused
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){
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sqlite3_vtab *pNew;
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int rc;
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/* Column numbers */
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#define SERIES_COLUMN_VALUE 0
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#define SERIES_COLUMN_START 1
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#define SERIES_COLUMN_STOP 2
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#define SERIES_COLUMN_STEP 3
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(void)pUnused;
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(void)argcUnused;
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(void)argvUnused;
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(void)pzErrUnused;
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rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(db,
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"CREATE TABLE x(value,start hidden,stop hidden,step hidden)");
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if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
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pNew = *ppVtab = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pNew) );
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if( pNew==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
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memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(*pNew));
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sqlite3_vtab_config(db, SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS);
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}
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return rc;
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}
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/*
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** This method is the destructor for series_cursor objects.
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*/
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static int seriesDisconnect(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
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sqlite3_free(pVtab);
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return SQLITE_OK;
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}
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/*
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** Constructor for a new series_cursor object.
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*/
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static int seriesOpen(sqlite3_vtab *pUnused, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
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series_cursor *pCur;
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(void)pUnused;
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pCur = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pCur) );
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if( pCur==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
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memset(pCur, 0, sizeof(*pCur));
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*ppCursor = &pCur->base;
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return SQLITE_OK;
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}
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/*
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** Destructor for a series_cursor.
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*/
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static int seriesClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
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sqlite3_free(cur);
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return SQLITE_OK;
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}
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/*
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** Advance a series_cursor to its next row of output.
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*/
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static int seriesNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
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series_cursor *pCur = (series_cursor*)cur;
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if( pCur->isDesc ){
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pCur->iValue -= pCur->iStep;
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}else{
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pCur->iValue += pCur->iStep;
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}
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pCur->iRowid++;
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return SQLITE_OK;
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}
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/*
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** Return values of columns for the row at which the series_cursor
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** is currently pointing.
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*/
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static int seriesColumn(
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sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, /* The cursor */
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sqlite3_context *ctx, /* First argument to sqlite3_result_...() */
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int i /* Which column to return */
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){
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series_cursor *pCur = (series_cursor*)cur;
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sqlite3_int64 x = 0;
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switch( i ){
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case SERIES_COLUMN_START: x = pCur->mnValue; break;
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case SERIES_COLUMN_STOP: x = pCur->mxValue; break;
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case SERIES_COLUMN_STEP: x = pCur->iStep; break;
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default: x = pCur->iValue; break;
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}
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sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, x);
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return SQLITE_OK;
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}
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/*
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** Return the rowid for the current row. In this implementation, the
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** first row returned is assigned rowid value 1, and each subsequent
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** row a value 1 more than that of the previous.
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*/
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static int seriesRowid(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
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series_cursor *pCur = (series_cursor*)cur;
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*pRowid = pCur->iRowid;
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return SQLITE_OK;
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}
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/*
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** Return TRUE if the cursor has been moved off of the last
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** row of output.
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*/
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static int seriesEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
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series_cursor *pCur = (series_cursor*)cur;
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if( pCur->isDesc ){
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return pCur->iValue < pCur->mnValue;
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}else{
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return pCur->iValue > pCur->mxValue;
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}
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}
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/* True to cause run-time checking of the start=, stop=, and/or step=
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** parameters. The only reason to do this is for testing the
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** constraint checking logic for virtual tables in the SQLite core.
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*/
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#ifndef SQLITE_SERIES_CONSTRAINT_VERIFY
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# define SQLITE_SERIES_CONSTRAINT_VERIFY 0
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#endif
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/*
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** This method is called to "rewind" the series_cursor object back
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** to the first row of output. This method is always called at least
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** once prior to any call to seriesColumn() or seriesRowid() or
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** seriesEof().
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**
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** The query plan selected by seriesBestIndex is passed in the idxNum
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** parameter. (idxStr is not used in this implementation.) idxNum
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** is a bitmask showing which constraints are available:
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**
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** 1: start=VALUE
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** 2: stop=VALUE
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** 4: step=VALUE
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**
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** Also, if bit 8 is set, that means that the series should be output
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** in descending order rather than in ascending order. If bit 16 is
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** set, then output must appear in ascending order.
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**
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** This routine should initialize the cursor and position it so that it
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** is pointing at the first row, or pointing off the end of the table
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** (so that seriesEof() will return true) if the table is empty.
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*/
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static int seriesFilter(
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sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor,
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int idxNum, const char *idxStrUnused,
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int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
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){
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series_cursor *pCur = (series_cursor *)pVtabCursor;
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int i = 0;
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(void)idxStrUnused;
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if( idxNum & 1 ){
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pCur->mnValue = sqlite3_value_int64(argv[i++]);
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}else{
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pCur->mnValue = 0;
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}
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if( idxNum & 2 ){
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pCur->mxValue = sqlite3_value_int64(argv[i++]);
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}else{
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pCur->mxValue = 0xffffffff;
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}
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if( idxNum & 4 ){
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pCur->iStep = sqlite3_value_int64(argv[i++]);
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if( pCur->iStep==0 ){
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pCur->iStep = 1;
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}else if( pCur->iStep<0 ){
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pCur->iStep = -pCur->iStep;
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if( (idxNum & 16)==0 ) idxNum |= 8;
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}
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}else{
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pCur->iStep = 1;
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}
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for(i=0; i<argc; i++){
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if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[i])==SQLITE_NULL ){
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/* If any of the constraints have a NULL value, then return no rows.
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** See ticket https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/fac496b61722daf2 */
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pCur->mnValue = 1;
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pCur->mxValue = 0;
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break;
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}
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}
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if( idxNum & 8 ){
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pCur->isDesc = 1;
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pCur->iValue = pCur->mxValue;
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if( pCur->iStep>0 ){
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pCur->iValue -= (pCur->mxValue - pCur->mnValue)%pCur->iStep;
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}
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}else{
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pCur->isDesc = 0;
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pCur->iValue = pCur->mnValue;
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}
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pCur->iRowid = 1;
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return SQLITE_OK;
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}
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/*
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** SQLite will invoke this method one or more times while planning a query
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** that uses the generate_series virtual table. This routine needs to create
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** a query plan for each invocation and compute an estimated cost for that
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** plan.
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**
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** In this implementation idxNum is used to represent the
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** query plan. idxStr is unused.
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**
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** The query plan is represented by bits in idxNum:
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**
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** (1) start = $value -- constraint exists
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** (2) stop = $value -- constraint exists
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** (4) step = $value -- constraint exists
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** (8) output in descending order
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*/
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static int seriesBestIndex(
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sqlite3_vtab *pVTab,
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sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo
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){
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int i, j; /* Loop over constraints */
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int idxNum = 0; /* The query plan bitmask */
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int bStartSeen = 0; /* EQ constraint seen on the START column */
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int unusableMask = 0; /* Mask of unusable constraints */
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int nArg = 0; /* Number of arguments that seriesFilter() expects */
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int aIdx[3]; /* Constraints on start, stop, and step */
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const struct sqlite3_index_constraint *pConstraint;
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/* This implementation assumes that the start, stop, and step columns
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** are the last three columns in the virtual table. */
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assert( SERIES_COLUMN_STOP == SERIES_COLUMN_START+1 );
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assert( SERIES_COLUMN_STEP == SERIES_COLUMN_START+2 );
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aIdx[0] = aIdx[1] = aIdx[2] = -1;
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pConstraint = pIdxInfo->aConstraint;
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for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++, pConstraint++){
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int iCol; /* 0 for start, 1 for stop, 2 for step */
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int iMask; /* bitmask for those column */
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if( pConstraint->iColumn<SERIES_COLUMN_START ) continue;
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iCol = pConstraint->iColumn - SERIES_COLUMN_START;
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assert( iCol>=0 && iCol<=2 );
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iMask = 1 << iCol;
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if( iCol==0 ) bStartSeen = 1;
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if( pConstraint->usable==0 ){
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unusableMask |= iMask;
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continue;
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}else if( pConstraint->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ){
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idxNum |= iMask;
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aIdx[iCol] = i;
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}
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}
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for(i=0; i<3; i++){
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if( (j = aIdx[i])>=0 ){
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pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[j].argvIndex = ++nArg;
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pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[j].omit = !SQLITE_SERIES_CONSTRAINT_VERIFY;
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}
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}
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/* The current generate_column() implementation requires at least one
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** argument (the START value). Legacy versions assumed START=0 if the
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** first argument was omitted. Compile with -DZERO_ARGUMENT_GENERATE_SERIES
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** to obtain the legacy behavior */
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#ifndef ZERO_ARGUMENT_GENERATE_SERIES
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if( !bStartSeen ){
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sqlite3_free(pVTab->zErrMsg);
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pVTab->zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf(
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"first argument to \"generate_series()\" missing or unusable");
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return SQLITE_ERROR;
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}
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#endif
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if( (unusableMask & ~idxNum)!=0 ){
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/* The start, stop, and step columns are inputs. Therefore if there
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** are unusable constraints on any of start, stop, or step then
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** this plan is unusable */
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return SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
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}
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if( (idxNum & 3)==3 ){
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/* Both start= and stop= boundaries are available. This is the
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** the preferred case */
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pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = (double)(2 - ((idxNum&4)!=0));
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pIdxInfo->estimatedRows = 1000;
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if( pIdxInfo->nOrderBy>=1 && pIdxInfo->aOrderBy[0].iColumn==0 ){
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if( pIdxInfo->aOrderBy[0].desc ){
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idxNum |= 8;
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}else{
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idxNum |= 16;
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}
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pIdxInfo->orderByConsumed = 1;
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}
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}else{
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/* If either boundary is missing, we have to generate a huge span
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** of numbers. Make this case very expensive so that the query
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** planner will work hard to avoid it. */
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pIdxInfo->estimatedRows = 2147483647;
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}
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pIdxInfo->idxNum = idxNum;
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return SQLITE_OK;
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}
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/*
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** This following structure defines all the methods for the
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** generate_series virtual table.
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*/
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static sqlite3_module seriesModule = {
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0, /* iVersion */
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0, /* xCreate */
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seriesConnect, /* xConnect */
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seriesBestIndex, /* xBestIndex */
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seriesDisconnect, /* xDisconnect */
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0, /* xDestroy */
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seriesOpen, /* xOpen - open a cursor */
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seriesClose, /* xClose - close a cursor */
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seriesFilter, /* xFilter - configure scan constraints */
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seriesNext, /* xNext - advance a cursor */
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seriesEof, /* xEof - check for end of scan */
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seriesColumn, /* xColumn - read data */
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seriesRowid, /* xRowid - read data */
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0, /* xUpdate */
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0, /* xBegin */
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0, /* xSync */
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0, /* xCommit */
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0, /* xRollback */
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0, /* xFindMethod */
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0, /* xRename */
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0, /* xSavepoint */
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0, /* xRelease */
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0, /* xRollbackTo */
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0 /* xShadowName */
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};
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#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
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#ifdef _WIN32
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__declspec(dllexport)
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#endif
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int sqlite3_series_init(
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sqlite3 *db,
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char **pzErrMsg,
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const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
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){
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int rc = SQLITE_OK;
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SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(pApi);
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#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
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if( sqlite3_libversion_number()<3008012 && pzErrMsg!=0 ){
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*pzErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf(
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"generate_series() requires SQLite 3.8.12 or later");
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return SQLITE_ERROR;
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}
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rc = sqlite3_create_module(db, "generate_series", &seriesModule, 0);
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#endif
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return rc;
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}
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