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qemu/block/qcow2.c
Kevin Wolf c9fbb99d41 block: Use BDRV_O_NO_BACKING where appropriate 
If you open an image temporarily just because you want to check its size
or get it flushed, there's no real reason to open the whole backing file
chain.

Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Fam Zheng <famz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Benoit Canet <benoit@irqsave.net>
2013-11-29 17:41:09 +01:00

2277 lines
70 KiB
C
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/*
* Block driver for the QCOW version 2 format
*
* Copyright (c) 2004-2006 Fabrice Bellard
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
* THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
* THE SOFTWARE.
*/
#include "qemu-common.h"
#include "block/block_int.h"
#include "qemu/module.h"
#include <zlib.h>
#include "qemu/aes.h"
#include "block/qcow2.h"
#include "qemu/error-report.h"
#include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
#include "qapi/qmp/qbool.h"
#include "trace.h"
/*
Differences with QCOW:
- Support for multiple incremental snapshots.
- Memory management by reference counts.
- Clusters which have a reference count of one have the bit
QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED to optimize write performance.
- Size of compressed clusters is stored in sectors to reduce bit usage
in the cluster offsets.
- Support for storing additional data (such as the VM state) in the
snapshots.
- If a backing store is used, the cluster size is not constrained
(could be backported to QCOW).
- L2 tables have always a size of one cluster.
*/
typedef struct {
uint32_t magic;
uint32_t len;
} QEMU_PACKED QCowExtension;
#define QCOW2_EXT_MAGIC_END 0
#define QCOW2_EXT_MAGIC_BACKING_FORMAT 0xE2792ACA
#define QCOW2_EXT_MAGIC_FEATURE_TABLE 0x6803f857
static int qcow2_probe(const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size, const char *filename)
{
const QCowHeader *cow_header = (const void *)buf;
if (buf_size >= sizeof(QCowHeader) &&
be32_to_cpu(cow_header->magic) == QCOW_MAGIC &&
be32_to_cpu(cow_header->version) >= 2)
return 100;
else
return 0;
}
/*
* read qcow2 extension and fill bs
* start reading from start_offset
* finish reading upon magic of value 0 or when end_offset reached
* unknown magic is skipped (future extension this version knows nothing about)
* return 0 upon success, non-0 otherwise
*/
static int qcow2_read_extensions(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t start_offset,
uint64_t end_offset, void **p_feature_table,
Error **errp)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
QCowExtension ext;
uint64_t offset;
int ret;
#ifdef DEBUG_EXT
printf("qcow2_read_extensions: start=%ld end=%ld\n", start_offset, end_offset);
#endif
offset = start_offset;
while (offset < end_offset) {
#ifdef DEBUG_EXT
/* Sanity check */
if (offset > s->cluster_size)
printf("qcow2_read_extension: suspicious offset %lu\n", offset);
printf("attempting to read extended header in offset %lu\n", offset);
#endif
ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, offset, &ext, sizeof(ext));
if (ret < 0) {
error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "qcow2_read_extension: ERROR: "
"pread fail from offset %" PRIu64, offset);
return 1;
}
be32_to_cpus(&ext.magic);
be32_to_cpus(&ext.len);
offset += sizeof(ext);
#ifdef DEBUG_EXT
printf("ext.magic = 0x%x\n", ext.magic);
#endif
if (ext.len > end_offset - offset) {
error_setg(errp, "Header extension too large");
return -EINVAL;
}
switch (ext.magic) {
case QCOW2_EXT_MAGIC_END:
return 0;
case QCOW2_EXT_MAGIC_BACKING_FORMAT:
if (ext.len >= sizeof(bs->backing_format)) {
error_setg(errp, "ERROR: ext_backing_format: len=%u too large"
" (>=%zu)", ext.len, sizeof(bs->backing_format));
return 2;
}
ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, offset, bs->backing_format, ext.len);
if (ret < 0) {
error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "ERROR: ext_backing_format: "
"Could not read format name");
return 3;
}
bs->backing_format[ext.len] = '\0';
#ifdef DEBUG_EXT
printf("Qcow2: Got format extension %s\n", bs->backing_format);
#endif
break;
case QCOW2_EXT_MAGIC_FEATURE_TABLE:
if (p_feature_table != NULL) {
void* feature_table = g_malloc0(ext.len + 2 * sizeof(Qcow2Feature));
ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, offset , feature_table, ext.len);
if (ret < 0) {
error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "ERROR: ext_feature_table: "
"Could not read table");
return ret;
}
*p_feature_table = feature_table;
}
break;
default:
/* unknown magic - save it in case we need to rewrite the header */
{
Qcow2UnknownHeaderExtension *uext;
uext = g_malloc0(sizeof(*uext) + ext.len);
uext->magic = ext.magic;
uext->len = ext.len;
QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&s->unknown_header_ext, uext, next);
ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, offset , uext->data, uext->len);
if (ret < 0) {
error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "ERROR: unknown extension: "
"Could not read data");
return ret;
}
}
break;
}
offset += ((ext.len + 7) & ~7);
}
return 0;
}
static void cleanup_unknown_header_ext(BlockDriverState *bs)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
Qcow2UnknownHeaderExtension *uext, *next;
QLIST_FOREACH_SAFE(uext, &s->unknown_header_ext, next, next) {
QLIST_REMOVE(uext, next);
g_free(uext);
}
}
static void GCC_FMT_ATTR(3, 4) report_unsupported(BlockDriverState *bs,
Error **errp, const char *fmt, ...)
{
char msg[64];
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, fmt);
vsnprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), fmt, ap);
va_end(ap);
error_set(errp, QERR_UNKNOWN_BLOCK_FORMAT_FEATURE, bs->device_name, "qcow2",
msg);
}
static void report_unsupported_feature(BlockDriverState *bs,
Error **errp, Qcow2Feature *table, uint64_t mask)
{
while (table && table->name[0] != '\0') {
if (table->type == QCOW2_FEAT_TYPE_INCOMPATIBLE) {
if (mask & (1 << table->bit)) {
report_unsupported(bs, errp, "%.46s", table->name);
mask &= ~(1 << table->bit);
}
}
table++;
}
if (mask) {
report_unsupported(bs, errp, "Unknown incompatible feature: %" PRIx64,
mask);
}
}
/*
* Sets the dirty bit and flushes afterwards if necessary.
*
* The incompatible_features bit is only set if the image file header was
* updated successfully. Therefore it is not required to check the return
* value of this function.
*/
int qcow2_mark_dirty(BlockDriverState *bs)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
uint64_t val;
int ret;
assert(s->qcow_version >= 3);
if (s->incompatible_features & QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DIRTY) {
return 0; /* already dirty */
}
val = cpu_to_be64(s->incompatible_features | QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DIRTY);
ret = bdrv_pwrite(bs->file, offsetof(QCowHeader, incompatible_features),
&val, sizeof(val));
if (ret < 0) {
return ret;
}
ret = bdrv_flush(bs->file);
if (ret < 0) {
return ret;
}
/* Only treat image as dirty if the header was updated successfully */
s->incompatible_features |= QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DIRTY;
return 0;
}
/*
* Clears the dirty bit and flushes before if necessary. Only call this
* function when there are no pending requests, it does not guard against
* concurrent requests dirtying the image.
*/
static int qcow2_mark_clean(BlockDriverState *bs)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
if (s->incompatible_features & QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DIRTY) {
int ret = bdrv_flush(bs);
if (ret < 0) {
return ret;
}
s->incompatible_features &= ~QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DIRTY;
return qcow2_update_header(bs);
}
return 0;
}
/*
* Marks the image as corrupt.
*/
int qcow2_mark_corrupt(BlockDriverState *bs)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
s->incompatible_features |= QCOW2_INCOMPAT_CORRUPT;
return qcow2_update_header(bs);
}
/*
* Marks the image as consistent, i.e., unsets the corrupt bit, and flushes
* before if necessary.
*/
int qcow2_mark_consistent(BlockDriverState *bs)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
if (s->incompatible_features & QCOW2_INCOMPAT_CORRUPT) {
int ret = bdrv_flush(bs);
if (ret < 0) {
return ret;
}
s->incompatible_features &= ~QCOW2_INCOMPAT_CORRUPT;
return qcow2_update_header(bs);
}
return 0;
}
static int qcow2_check(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvCheckResult *result,
BdrvCheckMode fix)
{
int ret = qcow2_check_refcounts(bs, result, fix);
if (ret < 0) {
return ret;
}
if (fix && result->check_errors == 0 && result->corruptions == 0) {
ret = qcow2_mark_clean(bs);
if (ret < 0) {
return ret;
}
return qcow2_mark_consistent(bs);
}
return ret;
}
static QemuOptsList qcow2_runtime_opts = {
.name = "qcow2",
.head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qcow2_runtime_opts.head),
.desc = {
{
.name = QCOW2_OPT_LAZY_REFCOUNTS,
.type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
.help = "Postpone refcount updates",
},
{
.name = QCOW2_OPT_DISCARD_REQUEST,
.type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
.help = "Pass guest discard requests to the layer below",
},
{
.name = QCOW2_OPT_DISCARD_SNAPSHOT,
.type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
.help = "Generate discard requests when snapshot related space "
"is freed",
},
{
.name = QCOW2_OPT_DISCARD_OTHER,
.type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
.help = "Generate discard requests when other clusters are freed",
},
{
.name = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP,
.type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
.help = "Selects which overlap checks to perform from a range of "
"templates (none, constant, cached, all)",
},
{
.name = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_MAIN_HEADER,
.type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
.help = "Check for unintended writes into the main qcow2 header",
},
{
.name = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_ACTIVE_L1,
.type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
.help = "Check for unintended writes into the active L1 table",
},
{
.name = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_ACTIVE_L2,
.type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
.help = "Check for unintended writes into an active L2 table",
},
{
.name = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_REFCOUNT_TABLE,
.type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
.help = "Check for unintended writes into the refcount table",
},
{
.name = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_REFCOUNT_BLOCK,
.type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
.help = "Check for unintended writes into a refcount block",
},
{
.name = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_SNAPSHOT_TABLE,
.type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
.help = "Check for unintended writes into the snapshot table",
},
{
.name = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_INACTIVE_L1,
.type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
.help = "Check for unintended writes into an inactive L1 table",
},
{
.name = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_INACTIVE_L2,
.type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
.help = "Check for unintended writes into an inactive L2 table",
},
{ /* end of list */ }
},
};
static const char *overlap_bool_option_names[QCOW2_OL_MAX_BITNR] = {
[QCOW2_OL_MAIN_HEADER_BITNR] = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_MAIN_HEADER,
[QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L1_BITNR] = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_ACTIVE_L1,
[QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L2_BITNR] = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_ACTIVE_L2,
[QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_TABLE_BITNR] = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_REFCOUNT_TABLE,
[QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_BLOCK_BITNR] = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_REFCOUNT_BLOCK,
[QCOW2_OL_SNAPSHOT_TABLE_BITNR] = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_SNAPSHOT_TABLE,
[QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L1_BITNR] = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_INACTIVE_L1,
[QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L2_BITNR] = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_INACTIVE_L2,
};
static int qcow2_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
Error **errp)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
int len, i, ret = 0;
QCowHeader header;
QemuOpts *opts;
Error *local_err = NULL;
uint64_t ext_end;
uint64_t l1_vm_state_index;
const char *opt_overlap_check;
int overlap_check_template = 0;
ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, 0, &header, sizeof(header));
if (ret < 0) {
error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not read qcow2 header");
goto fail;
}
be32_to_cpus(&header.magic);
be32_to_cpus(&header.version);
be64_to_cpus(&header.backing_file_offset);
be32_to_cpus(&header.backing_file_size);
be64_to_cpus(&header.size);
be32_to_cpus(&header.cluster_bits);
be32_to_cpus(&header.crypt_method);
be64_to_cpus(&header.l1_table_offset);
be32_to_cpus(&header.l1_size);
be64_to_cpus(&header.refcount_table_offset);
be32_to_cpus(&header.refcount_table_clusters);
be64_to_cpus(&header.snapshots_offset);
be32_to_cpus(&header.nb_snapshots);
if (header.magic != QCOW_MAGIC) {
error_setg(errp, "Image is not in qcow2 format");
ret = -EMEDIUMTYPE;
goto fail;
}
if (header.version < 2 || header.version > 3) {
report_unsupported(bs, errp, "QCOW version %d", header.version);
ret = -ENOTSUP;
goto fail;
}
s->qcow_version = header.version;
/* Initialise version 3 header fields */
if (header.version == 2) {
header.incompatible_features = 0;
header.compatible_features = 0;
header.autoclear_features = 0;
header.refcount_order = 4;
header.header_length = 72;
} else {
be64_to_cpus(&header.incompatible_features);
be64_to_cpus(&header.compatible_features);
be64_to_cpus(&header.autoclear_features);
be32_to_cpus(&header.refcount_order);
be32_to_cpus(&header.header_length);
}
if (header.header_length > sizeof(header)) {
s->unknown_header_fields_size = header.header_length - sizeof(header);
s->unknown_header_fields = g_malloc(s->unknown_header_fields_size);
ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, sizeof(header), s->unknown_header_fields,
s->unknown_header_fields_size);
if (ret < 0) {
error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not read unknown qcow2 header "
"fields");
goto fail;
}
}
if (header.backing_file_offset) {
ext_end = header.backing_file_offset;
} else {
ext_end = 1 << header.cluster_bits;
}
/* Handle feature bits */
s->incompatible_features = header.incompatible_features;
s->compatible_features = header.compatible_features;
s->autoclear_features = header.autoclear_features;
if (s->incompatible_features & ~QCOW2_INCOMPAT_MASK) {
void *feature_table = NULL;
qcow2_read_extensions(bs, header.header_length, ext_end,
&feature_table, NULL);
report_unsupported_feature(bs, errp, feature_table,
s->incompatible_features &
~QCOW2_INCOMPAT_MASK);
ret = -ENOTSUP;
goto fail;
}
if (s->incompatible_features & QCOW2_INCOMPAT_CORRUPT) {
/* Corrupt images may not be written to unless they are being repaired
*/
if ((flags & BDRV_O_RDWR) && !(flags & BDRV_O_CHECK)) {
error_setg(errp, "qcow2: Image is corrupt; cannot be opened "
"read/write");
ret = -EACCES;
goto fail;
}
}
/* Check support for various header values */
if (header.refcount_order != 4) {
report_unsupported(bs, errp, "%d bit reference counts",
1 << header.refcount_order);
ret = -ENOTSUP;
goto fail;
}
s->refcount_order = header.refcount_order;
if (header.cluster_bits < MIN_CLUSTER_BITS ||
header.cluster_bits > MAX_CLUSTER_BITS) {
error_setg(errp, "Unsupported cluster size: 2^%i", header.cluster_bits);
ret = -EINVAL;
goto fail;
}
if (header.crypt_method > QCOW_CRYPT_AES) {
error_setg(errp, "Unsupported encryption method: %i",
header.crypt_method);
ret = -EINVAL;
goto fail;
}
s->crypt_method_header = header.crypt_method;
if (s->crypt_method_header) {
bs->encrypted = 1;
}
s->cluster_bits = header.cluster_bits;
s->cluster_size = 1 << s->cluster_bits;
s->cluster_sectors = 1 << (s->cluster_bits - 9);
s->l2_bits = s->cluster_bits - 3; /* L2 is always one cluster */
s->l2_size = 1 << s->l2_bits;
bs->total_sectors = header.size / 512;
s->csize_shift = (62 - (s->cluster_bits - 8));
s->csize_mask = (1 << (s->cluster_bits - 8)) - 1;
s->cluster_offset_mask = (1LL << s->csize_shift) - 1;
s->refcount_table_offset = header.refcount_table_offset;
s->refcount_table_size =
header.refcount_table_clusters << (s->cluster_bits - 3);
s->snapshots_offset = header.snapshots_offset;
s->nb_snapshots = header.nb_snapshots;
/* read the level 1 table */
s->l1_size = header.l1_size;
l1_vm_state_index = size_to_l1(s, header.size);
if (l1_vm_state_index > INT_MAX) {
error_setg(errp, "Image is too big");
ret = -EFBIG;
goto fail;
}
s->l1_vm_state_index = l1_vm_state_index;
/* the L1 table must contain at least enough entries to put
header.size bytes */
if (s->l1_size < s->l1_vm_state_index) {
error_setg(errp, "L1 table is too small");
ret = -EINVAL;
goto fail;
}
s->l1_table_offset = header.l1_table_offset;
if (s->l1_size > 0) {
s->l1_table = g_malloc0(
align_offset(s->l1_size * sizeof(uint64_t), 512));
ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, s->l1_table_offset, s->l1_table,
s->l1_size * sizeof(uint64_t));
if (ret < 0) {
error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not read L1 table");
goto fail;
}
for(i = 0;i < s->l1_size; i++) {
be64_to_cpus(&s->l1_table[i]);
}
}
/* alloc L2 table/refcount block cache */
s->l2_table_cache = qcow2_cache_create(bs, L2_CACHE_SIZE);
s->refcount_block_cache = qcow2_cache_create(bs, REFCOUNT_CACHE_SIZE);
s->cluster_cache = g_malloc(s->cluster_size);
/* one more sector for decompressed data alignment */
s->cluster_data = qemu_blockalign(bs, QCOW_MAX_CRYPT_CLUSTERS * s->cluster_size
+ 512);
s->cluster_cache_offset = -1;
s->flags = flags;
ret = qcow2_refcount_init(bs);
if (ret != 0) {
error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not initialize refcount handling");
goto fail;
}
QLIST_INIT(&s->cluster_allocs);
QTAILQ_INIT(&s->discards);
/* read qcow2 extensions */
if (qcow2_read_extensions(bs, header.header_length, ext_end, NULL,
&local_err)) {
error_propagate(errp, local_err);
ret = -EINVAL;
goto fail;
}
/* read the backing file name */
if (header.backing_file_offset != 0) {
len = header.backing_file_size;
if (len > 1023) {
len = 1023;
}
ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, header.backing_file_offset,
bs->backing_file, len);
if (ret < 0) {
error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not read backing file name");
goto fail;
}
bs->backing_file[len] = '\0';
}
ret = qcow2_read_snapshots(bs);
if (ret < 0) {
error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not read snapshots");
goto fail;
}
/* Clear unknown autoclear feature bits */
if (!bs->read_only && s->autoclear_features != 0) {
s->autoclear_features = 0;
ret = qcow2_update_header(bs);
if (ret < 0) {
error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not update qcow2 header");
goto fail;
}
}
/* Initialise locks */
qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
/* Repair image if dirty */
if (!(flags & BDRV_O_CHECK) && !bs->read_only &&
(s->incompatible_features & QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DIRTY)) {
BdrvCheckResult result = {0};
ret = qcow2_check(bs, &result, BDRV_FIX_ERRORS);
if (ret < 0) {
error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not repair dirty image");
goto fail;
}
}
/* Enable lazy_refcounts according to image and command line options */
opts = qemu_opts_create_nofail(&qcow2_runtime_opts);
qemu_opts_absorb_qdict(opts, options, &local_err);
if (error_is_set(&local_err)) {
error_propagate(errp, local_err);
ret = -EINVAL;
goto fail;
}
s->use_lazy_refcounts = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, QCOW2_OPT_LAZY_REFCOUNTS,
(s->compatible_features & QCOW2_COMPAT_LAZY_REFCOUNTS));
s->discard_passthrough[QCOW2_DISCARD_NEVER] = false;
s->discard_passthrough[QCOW2_DISCARD_ALWAYS] = true;
s->discard_passthrough[QCOW2_DISCARD_REQUEST] =
qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, QCOW2_OPT_DISCARD_REQUEST,
flags & BDRV_O_UNMAP);
s->discard_passthrough[QCOW2_DISCARD_SNAPSHOT] =
qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, QCOW2_OPT_DISCARD_SNAPSHOT, true);
s->discard_passthrough[QCOW2_DISCARD_OTHER] =
qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, QCOW2_OPT_DISCARD_OTHER, false);
opt_overlap_check = qemu_opt_get(opts, "overlap-check") ?: "cached";
if (!strcmp(opt_overlap_check, "none")) {
overlap_check_template = 0;
} else if (!strcmp(opt_overlap_check, "constant")) {
overlap_check_template = QCOW2_OL_CONSTANT;
} else if (!strcmp(opt_overlap_check, "cached")) {
overlap_check_template = QCOW2_OL_CACHED;
} else if (!strcmp(opt_overlap_check, "all")) {
overlap_check_template = QCOW2_OL_ALL;
} else {
error_setg(errp, "Unsupported value '%s' for qcow2 option "
"'overlap-check'. Allowed are either of the following: "
"none, constant, cached, all", opt_overlap_check);
qemu_opts_del(opts);
ret = -EINVAL;
goto fail;
}
s->overlap_check = 0;
for (i = 0; i < QCOW2_OL_MAX_BITNR; i++) {
/* overlap-check defines a template bitmask, but every flag may be
* overwritten through the associated boolean option */
s->overlap_check |=
qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, overlap_bool_option_names[i],
overlap_check_template & (1 << i)) << i;
}
qemu_opts_del(opts);
if (s->use_lazy_refcounts && s->qcow_version < 3) {
error_setg(errp, "Lazy refcounts require a qcow2 image with at least "
"qemu 1.1 compatibility level");
ret = -EINVAL;
goto fail;
}
#ifdef DEBUG_ALLOC
{
BdrvCheckResult result = {0};
qcow2_check_refcounts(bs, &result, 0);
}
#endif
return ret;
fail:
g_free(s->unknown_header_fields);
cleanup_unknown_header_ext(bs);
qcow2_free_snapshots(bs);
qcow2_refcount_close(bs);
g_free(s->l1_table);
/* else pre-write overlap checks in cache_destroy may crash */
s->l1_table = NULL;
if (s->l2_table_cache) {
qcow2_cache_destroy(bs, s->l2_table_cache);
}
g_free(s->cluster_cache);
qemu_vfree(s->cluster_data);
return ret;
}
static int qcow2_set_key(BlockDriverState *bs, const char *key)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
uint8_t keybuf[16];
int len, i;
memset(keybuf, 0, 16);
len = strlen(key);
if (len > 16)
len = 16;
/* XXX: we could compress the chars to 7 bits to increase
entropy */
for(i = 0;i < len;i++) {
keybuf[i] = key[i];
}
s->crypt_method = s->crypt_method_header;
if (AES_set_encrypt_key(keybuf, 128, &s->aes_encrypt_key) != 0)
return -1;
if (AES_set_decrypt_key(keybuf, 128, &s->aes_decrypt_key) != 0)
return -1;
#if 0
/* test */
{
uint8_t in[16];
uint8_t out[16];
uint8_t tmp[16];
for(i=0;i<16;i++)
in[i] = i;
AES_encrypt(in, tmp, &s->aes_encrypt_key);
AES_decrypt(tmp, out, &s->aes_decrypt_key);
for(i = 0; i < 16; i++)
printf(" %02x", tmp[i]);
printf("\n");
for(i = 0; i < 16; i++)
printf(" %02x", out[i]);
printf("\n");
}
#endif
return 0;
}
/* We have nothing to do for QCOW2 reopen, stubs just return
* success */
static int qcow2_reopen_prepare(BDRVReopenState *state,
BlockReopenQueue *queue, Error **errp)
{
return 0;
}
static int64_t coroutine_fn qcow2_co_get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs,
int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors, int *pnum)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
uint64_t cluster_offset;
int index_in_cluster, ret;
int64_t status = 0;
*pnum = nb_sectors;
qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
ret = qcow2_get_cluster_offset(bs, sector_num << 9, pnum, &cluster_offset);
qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
if (ret < 0) {
return ret;
}
if (cluster_offset != 0 && ret != QCOW2_CLUSTER_COMPRESSED &&
!s->crypt_method) {
index_in_cluster = sector_num & (s->cluster_sectors - 1);
cluster_offset |= (index_in_cluster << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
status |= BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID | cluster_offset;
}
if (ret == QCOW2_CLUSTER_ZERO) {
status |= BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO;
} else if (ret != QCOW2_CLUSTER_UNALLOCATED) {
status |= BDRV_BLOCK_DATA;
}
return status;
}
/* handle reading after the end of the backing file */
int qcow2_backing_read1(BlockDriverState *bs, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors)
{
int n1;
if ((sector_num + nb_sectors) <= bs->total_sectors)
return nb_sectors;
if (sector_num >= bs->total_sectors)
n1 = 0;
else
n1 = bs->total_sectors - sector_num;
qemu_iovec_memset(qiov, 512 * n1, 0, 512 * (nb_sectors - n1));
return n1;
}
static coroutine_fn int qcow2_co_readv(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
int remaining_sectors, QEMUIOVector *qiov)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
int index_in_cluster, n1;
int ret;
int cur_nr_sectors; /* number of sectors in current iteration */
uint64_t cluster_offset = 0;
uint64_t bytes_done = 0;
QEMUIOVector hd_qiov;
uint8_t *cluster_data = NULL;
qemu_iovec_init(&hd_qiov, qiov->niov);
qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
while (remaining_sectors != 0) {
/* prepare next request */
cur_nr_sectors = remaining_sectors;
if (s->crypt_method) {
cur_nr_sectors = MIN(cur_nr_sectors,
QCOW_MAX_CRYPT_CLUSTERS * s->cluster_sectors);
}
ret = qcow2_get_cluster_offset(bs, sector_num << 9,
&cur_nr_sectors, &cluster_offset);
if (ret < 0) {
goto fail;
}
index_in_cluster = sector_num & (s->cluster_sectors - 1);
qemu_iovec_reset(&hd_qiov);
qemu_iovec_concat(&hd_qiov, qiov, bytes_done,
cur_nr_sectors * 512);
switch (ret) {
case QCOW2_CLUSTER_UNALLOCATED:
if (bs->backing_hd) {
/* read from the base image */
n1 = qcow2_backing_read1(bs->backing_hd, &hd_qiov,
sector_num, cur_nr_sectors);
if (n1 > 0) {
BLKDBG_EVENT(bs->file, BLKDBG_READ_BACKING_AIO);
qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
ret = bdrv_co_readv(bs->backing_hd, sector_num,
n1, &hd_qiov);
qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
if (ret < 0) {
goto fail;
}
}
} else {
/* Note: in this case, no need to wait */
qemu_iovec_memset(&hd_qiov, 0, 0, 512 * cur_nr_sectors);
}
break;
case QCOW2_CLUSTER_ZERO:
qemu_iovec_memset(&hd_qiov, 0, 0, 512 * cur_nr_sectors);
break;
case QCOW2_CLUSTER_COMPRESSED:
/* add AIO support for compressed blocks ? */
ret = qcow2_decompress_cluster(bs, cluster_offset);
if (ret < 0) {
goto fail;
}
qemu_iovec_from_buf(&hd_qiov, 0,
s->cluster_cache + index_in_cluster * 512,
512 * cur_nr_sectors);
break;
case QCOW2_CLUSTER_NORMAL:
if ((cluster_offset & 511) != 0) {
ret = -EIO;
goto fail;
}
if (s->crypt_method) {
/*
* For encrypted images, read everything into a temporary
* contiguous buffer on which the AES functions can work.
*/
if (!cluster_data) {
cluster_data =
qemu_blockalign(bs, QCOW_MAX_CRYPT_CLUSTERS * s->cluster_size);
}
assert(cur_nr_sectors <=
QCOW_MAX_CRYPT_CLUSTERS * s->cluster_sectors);
qemu_iovec_reset(&hd_qiov);
qemu_iovec_add(&hd_qiov, cluster_data,
512 * cur_nr_sectors);
}
BLKDBG_EVENT(bs->file, BLKDBG_READ_AIO);
qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
ret = bdrv_co_readv(bs->file,
(cluster_offset >> 9) + index_in_cluster,
cur_nr_sectors, &hd_qiov);
qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
if (ret < 0) {
goto fail;
}
if (s->crypt_method) {
qcow2_encrypt_sectors(s, sector_num, cluster_data,
cluster_data, cur_nr_sectors, 0, &s->aes_decrypt_key);
qemu_iovec_from_buf(qiov, bytes_done,
cluster_data, 512 * cur_nr_sectors);
}
break;
default:
g_assert_not_reached();
ret = -EIO;
goto fail;
}
remaining_sectors -= cur_nr_sectors;
sector_num += cur_nr_sectors;
bytes_done += cur_nr_sectors * 512;
}
ret = 0;
fail:
qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
qemu_iovec_destroy(&hd_qiov);
qemu_vfree(cluster_data);
return ret;
}
static coroutine_fn int qcow2_co_writev(BlockDriverState *bs,
int64_t sector_num,
int remaining_sectors,
QEMUIOVector *qiov)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
int index_in_cluster;
int n_end;
int ret;
int cur_nr_sectors; /* number of sectors in current iteration */
uint64_t cluster_offset;
QEMUIOVector hd_qiov;
uint64_t bytes_done = 0;
uint8_t *cluster_data = NULL;
QCowL2Meta *l2meta = NULL;
trace_qcow2_writev_start_req(qemu_coroutine_self(), sector_num,
remaining_sectors);
qemu_iovec_init(&hd_qiov, qiov->niov);
s->cluster_cache_offset = -1; /* disable compressed cache */
qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
while (remaining_sectors != 0) {
l2meta = NULL;
trace_qcow2_writev_start_part(qemu_coroutine_self());
index_in_cluster = sector_num & (s->cluster_sectors - 1);
n_end = index_in_cluster + remaining_sectors;
if (s->crypt_method &&
n_end > QCOW_MAX_CRYPT_CLUSTERS * s->cluster_sectors) {
n_end = QCOW_MAX_CRYPT_CLUSTERS * s->cluster_sectors;
}
ret = qcow2_alloc_cluster_offset(bs, sector_num << 9,
index_in_cluster, n_end, &cur_nr_sectors, &cluster_offset, &l2meta);
if (ret < 0) {
goto fail;
}
assert((cluster_offset & 511) == 0);
qemu_iovec_reset(&hd_qiov);
qemu_iovec_concat(&hd_qiov, qiov, bytes_done,
cur_nr_sectors * 512);
if (s->crypt_method) {
if (!cluster_data) {
cluster_data = qemu_blockalign(bs, QCOW_MAX_CRYPT_CLUSTERS *
s->cluster_size);
}
assert(hd_qiov.size <=
QCOW_MAX_CRYPT_CLUSTERS * s->cluster_size);
qemu_iovec_to_buf(&hd_qiov, 0, cluster_data, hd_qiov.size);
qcow2_encrypt_sectors(s, sector_num, cluster_data,
cluster_data, cur_nr_sectors, 1, &s->aes_encrypt_key);
qemu_iovec_reset(&hd_qiov);
qemu_iovec_add(&hd_qiov, cluster_data,
cur_nr_sectors * 512);
}
ret = qcow2_pre_write_overlap_check(bs, 0,
cluster_offset + index_in_cluster * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
cur_nr_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
if (ret < 0) {
goto fail;
}
qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
BLKDBG_EVENT(bs->file, BLKDBG_WRITE_AIO);
trace_qcow2_writev_data(qemu_coroutine_self(),
(cluster_offset >> 9) + index_in_cluster);
ret = bdrv_co_writev(bs->file,
(cluster_offset >> 9) + index_in_cluster,
cur_nr_sectors, &hd_qiov);
qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
if (ret < 0) {
goto fail;
}
while (l2meta != NULL) {
QCowL2Meta *next;
ret = qcow2_alloc_cluster_link_l2(bs, l2meta);
if (ret < 0) {
goto fail;
}
/* Take the request off the list of running requests */
if (l2meta->nb_clusters != 0) {
QLIST_REMOVE(l2meta, next_in_flight);
}
qemu_co_queue_restart_all(&l2meta->dependent_requests);
next = l2meta->next;
g_free(l2meta);
l2meta = next;
}
remaining_sectors -= cur_nr_sectors;
sector_num += cur_nr_sectors;
bytes_done += cur_nr_sectors * 512;
trace_qcow2_writev_done_part(qemu_coroutine_self(), cur_nr_sectors);
}
ret = 0;
fail:
qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
while (l2meta != NULL) {
QCowL2Meta *next;
if (l2meta->nb_clusters != 0) {
QLIST_REMOVE(l2meta, next_in_flight);
}
qemu_co_queue_restart_all(&l2meta->dependent_requests);
next = l2meta->next;
g_free(l2meta);
l2meta = next;
}
qemu_iovec_destroy(&hd_qiov);
qemu_vfree(cluster_data);
trace_qcow2_writev_done_req(qemu_coroutine_self(), ret);
return ret;
}
static void qcow2_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
g_free(s->l1_table);
/* else pre-write overlap checks in cache_destroy may crash */
s->l1_table = NULL;
qcow2_cache_flush(bs, s->l2_table_cache);
qcow2_cache_flush(bs, s->refcount_block_cache);
qcow2_mark_clean(bs);
qcow2_cache_destroy(bs, s->l2_table_cache);
qcow2_cache_destroy(bs, s->refcount_block_cache);
g_free(s->unknown_header_fields);
cleanup_unknown_header_ext(bs);
g_free(s->cluster_cache);
qemu_vfree(s->cluster_data);
qcow2_refcount_close(bs);
qcow2_free_snapshots(bs);
}
static void qcow2_invalidate_cache(BlockDriverState *bs)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
int flags = s->flags;
AES_KEY aes_encrypt_key;
AES_KEY aes_decrypt_key;
uint32_t crypt_method = 0;
QDict *options;
/*
* Backing files are read-only which makes all of their metadata immutable,
* that means we don't have to worry about reopening them here.
*/
if (s->crypt_method) {
crypt_method = s->crypt_method;
memcpy(&aes_encrypt_key, &s->aes_encrypt_key, sizeof(aes_encrypt_key));
memcpy(&aes_decrypt_key, &s->aes_decrypt_key, sizeof(aes_decrypt_key));
}
qcow2_close(bs);
options = qdict_new();
qdict_put(options, QCOW2_OPT_LAZY_REFCOUNTS,
qbool_from_int(s->use_lazy_refcounts));
memset(s, 0, sizeof(BDRVQcowState));
qcow2_open(bs, options, flags, NULL);
QDECREF(options);
if (crypt_method) {
s->crypt_method = crypt_method;
memcpy(&s->aes_encrypt_key, &aes_encrypt_key, sizeof(aes_encrypt_key));
memcpy(&s->aes_decrypt_key, &aes_decrypt_key, sizeof(aes_decrypt_key));
}
}
static size_t header_ext_add(char *buf, uint32_t magic, const void *s,
size_t len, size_t buflen)
{
QCowExtension *ext_backing_fmt = (QCowExtension*) buf;
size_t ext_len = sizeof(QCowExtension) + ((len + 7) & ~7);
if (buflen < ext_len) {
return -ENOSPC;
}
*ext_backing_fmt = (QCowExtension) {
.magic = cpu_to_be32(magic),
.len = cpu_to_be32(len),
};
memcpy(buf + sizeof(QCowExtension), s, len);
return ext_len;
}
/*
* Updates the qcow2 header, including the variable length parts of it, i.e.
* the backing file name and all extensions. qcow2 was not designed to allow
* such changes, so if we run out of space (we can only use the first cluster)
* this function may fail.
*
* Returns 0 on success, -errno in error cases.
*/
int qcow2_update_header(BlockDriverState *bs)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
QCowHeader *header;
char *buf;
size_t buflen = s->cluster_size;
int ret;
uint64_t total_size;
uint32_t refcount_table_clusters;
size_t header_length;
Qcow2UnknownHeaderExtension *uext;
buf = qemu_blockalign(bs, buflen);
/* Header structure */
header = (QCowHeader*) buf;
if (buflen < sizeof(*header)) {
ret = -ENOSPC;
goto fail;
}
header_length = sizeof(*header) + s->unknown_header_fields_size;
total_size = bs->total_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
refcount_table_clusters = s->refcount_table_size >> (s->cluster_bits - 3);
*header = (QCowHeader) {
/* Version 2 fields */
.magic = cpu_to_be32(QCOW_MAGIC),
.version = cpu_to_be32(s->qcow_version),
.backing_file_offset = 0,
.backing_file_size = 0,
.cluster_bits = cpu_to_be32(s->cluster_bits),
.size = cpu_to_be64(total_size),
.crypt_method = cpu_to_be32(s->crypt_method_header),
.l1_size = cpu_to_be32(s->l1_size),
.l1_table_offset = cpu_to_be64(s->l1_table_offset),
.refcount_table_offset = cpu_to_be64(s->refcount_table_offset),
.refcount_table_clusters = cpu_to_be32(refcount_table_clusters),
.nb_snapshots = cpu_to_be32(s->nb_snapshots),
.snapshots_offset = cpu_to_be64(s->snapshots_offset),
/* Version 3 fields */
.incompatible_features = cpu_to_be64(s->incompatible_features),
.compatible_features = cpu_to_be64(s->compatible_features),
.autoclear_features = cpu_to_be64(s->autoclear_features),
.refcount_order = cpu_to_be32(s->refcount_order),
.header_length = cpu_to_be32(header_length),
};
/* For older versions, write a shorter header */
switch (s->qcow_version) {
case 2:
ret = offsetof(QCowHeader, incompatible_features);
break;
case 3:
ret = sizeof(*header);
break;
default:
ret = -EINVAL;
goto fail;
}
buf += ret;
buflen -= ret;
memset(buf, 0, buflen);
/* Preserve any unknown field in the header */
if (s->unknown_header_fields_size) {
if (buflen < s->unknown_header_fields_size) {
ret = -ENOSPC;
goto fail;
}
memcpy(buf, s->unknown_header_fields, s->unknown_header_fields_size);
buf += s->unknown_header_fields_size;
buflen -= s->unknown_header_fields_size;
}
/* Backing file format header extension */
if (*bs->backing_format) {
ret = header_ext_add(buf, QCOW2_EXT_MAGIC_BACKING_FORMAT,
bs->backing_format, strlen(bs->backing_format),
buflen);
if (ret < 0) {
goto fail;
}
buf += ret;
buflen -= ret;
}
/* Feature table */
Qcow2Feature features[] = {
{
.type = QCOW2_FEAT_TYPE_INCOMPATIBLE,
.bit = QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DIRTY_BITNR,
.name = "dirty bit",
},
{
.type = QCOW2_FEAT_TYPE_INCOMPATIBLE,
.bit = QCOW2_INCOMPAT_CORRUPT_BITNR,
.name = "corrupt bit",
},
{
.type = QCOW2_FEAT_TYPE_COMPATIBLE,
.bit = QCOW2_COMPAT_LAZY_REFCOUNTS_BITNR,
.name = "lazy refcounts",
},
};
ret = header_ext_add(buf, QCOW2_EXT_MAGIC_FEATURE_TABLE,
features, sizeof(features), buflen);
if (ret < 0) {
goto fail;
}
buf += ret;
buflen -= ret;
/* Keep unknown header extensions */
QLIST_FOREACH(uext, &s->unknown_header_ext, next) {
ret = header_ext_add(buf, uext->magic, uext->data, uext->len, buflen);
if (ret < 0) {
goto fail;
}
buf += ret;
buflen -= ret;
}
/* End of header extensions */
ret = header_ext_add(buf, QCOW2_EXT_MAGIC_END, NULL, 0, buflen);
if (ret < 0) {
goto fail;
}
buf += ret;
buflen -= ret;
/* Backing file name */
if (*bs->backing_file) {
size_t backing_file_len = strlen(bs->backing_file);
if (buflen < backing_file_len) {
ret = -ENOSPC;
goto fail;
}
/* Using strncpy is ok here, since buf is not NUL-terminated. */
strncpy(buf, bs->backing_file, buflen);
header->backing_file_offset = cpu_to_be64(buf - ((char*) header));
header->backing_file_size = cpu_to_be32(backing_file_len);
}
/* Write the new header */
ret = bdrv_pwrite(bs->file, 0, header, s->cluster_size);
if (ret < 0) {
goto fail;
}
ret = 0;
fail:
qemu_vfree(header);
return ret;
}
static int qcow2_change_backing_file(BlockDriverState *bs,
const char *backing_file, const char *backing_fmt)
{
pstrcpy(bs->backing_file, sizeof(bs->backing_file), backing_file ?: "");
pstrcpy(bs->backing_format, sizeof(bs->backing_format), backing_fmt ?: "");
return qcow2_update_header(bs);
}
static int preallocate(BlockDriverState *bs)
{
uint64_t nb_sectors;
uint64_t offset;
uint64_t host_offset = 0;
int num;
int ret;
QCowL2Meta *meta;
nb_sectors = bdrv_getlength(bs) >> 9;
offset = 0;
while (nb_sectors) {
num = MIN(nb_sectors, INT_MAX >> 9);
ret = qcow2_alloc_cluster_offset(bs, offset, 0, num, &num,
&host_offset, &meta);
if (ret < 0) {
return ret;
}
ret = qcow2_alloc_cluster_link_l2(bs, meta);
if (ret < 0) {
qcow2_free_any_clusters(bs, meta->alloc_offset, meta->nb_clusters,
QCOW2_DISCARD_NEVER);
return ret;
}
/* There are no dependent requests, but we need to remove our request
* from the list of in-flight requests */
if (meta != NULL) {
QLIST_REMOVE(meta, next_in_flight);
}
/* TODO Preallocate data if requested */
nb_sectors -= num;
offset += num << 9;
}
/*
* It is expected that the image file is large enough to actually contain
* all of the allocated clusters (otherwise we get failing reads after
* EOF). Extend the image to the last allocated sector.
*/
if (host_offset != 0) {
uint8_t buf[512];
memset(buf, 0, 512);
ret = bdrv_write(bs->file, (host_offset >> 9) + num - 1, buf, 1);
if (ret < 0) {
return ret;
}
}
return 0;
}
static int qcow2_create2(const char *filename, int64_t total_size,
const char *backing_file, const char *backing_format,
int flags, size_t cluster_size, int prealloc,
QEMUOptionParameter *options, int version,
Error **errp)
{
/* Calculate cluster_bits */
int cluster_bits;
cluster_bits = ffs(cluster_size) - 1;
if (cluster_bits < MIN_CLUSTER_BITS || cluster_bits > MAX_CLUSTER_BITS ||
(1 << cluster_bits) != cluster_size)
{
error_setg(errp, "Cluster size must be a power of two between %d and "
"%dk", 1 << MIN_CLUSTER_BITS, 1 << (MAX_CLUSTER_BITS - 10));
return -EINVAL;
}
/*
* Open the image file and write a minimal qcow2 header.
*
* We keep things simple and start with a zero-sized image. We also
* do without refcount blocks or a L1 table for now. We'll fix the
* inconsistency later.
*
* We do need a refcount table because growing the refcount table means
* allocating two new refcount blocks - the seconds of which would be at
* 2 GB for 64k clusters, and we don't want to have a 2 GB initial file
* size for any qcow2 image.
*/
BlockDriverState* bs;
QCowHeader header;
uint8_t* refcount_table;
Error *local_err = NULL;
int ret;
ret = bdrv_create_file(filename, options, &local_err);
if (ret < 0) {
error_propagate(errp, local_err);
return ret;
}
ret = bdrv_file_open(&bs, filename, NULL, BDRV_O_RDWR, &local_err);
if (ret < 0) {
error_propagate(errp, local_err);
return ret;
}
/* Write the header */
memset(&header, 0, sizeof(header));
header.magic = cpu_to_be32(QCOW_MAGIC);
header.version = cpu_to_be32(version);
header.cluster_bits = cpu_to_be32(cluster_bits);
header.size = cpu_to_be64(0);
header.l1_table_offset = cpu_to_be64(0);
header.l1_size = cpu_to_be32(0);
header.refcount_table_offset = cpu_to_be64(cluster_size);
header.refcount_table_clusters = cpu_to_be32(1);
header.refcount_order = cpu_to_be32(3 + REFCOUNT_SHIFT);
header.header_length = cpu_to_be32(sizeof(header));
if (flags & BLOCK_FLAG_ENCRYPT) {
header.crypt_method = cpu_to_be32(QCOW_CRYPT_AES);
} else {
header.crypt_method = cpu_to_be32(QCOW_CRYPT_NONE);
}
if (flags & BLOCK_FLAG_LAZY_REFCOUNTS) {
header.compatible_features |=
cpu_to_be64(QCOW2_COMPAT_LAZY_REFCOUNTS);
}
ret = bdrv_pwrite(bs, 0, &header, sizeof(header));
if (ret < 0) {
error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not write qcow2 header");
goto out;
}
/* Write an empty refcount table */
refcount_table = g_malloc0(cluster_size);
ret = bdrv_pwrite(bs, cluster_size, refcount_table, cluster_size);
g_free(refcount_table);
if (ret < 0) {
error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not write refcount table");
goto out;
}
bdrv_close(bs);
/*
* And now open the image and make it consistent first (i.e. increase the
* refcount of the cluster that is occupied by the header and the refcount
* table)
*/
BlockDriver* drv = bdrv_find_format("qcow2");
assert(drv != NULL);
ret = bdrv_open(bs, filename, NULL,
BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_CACHE_WB | BDRV_O_NO_FLUSH, drv, &local_err);
if (ret < 0) {
error_propagate(errp, local_err);
goto out;
}
ret = qcow2_alloc_clusters(bs, 2 * cluster_size);
if (ret < 0) {
error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not allocate clusters for qcow2 "
"header and refcount table");
goto out;
} else if (ret != 0) {
error_report("Huh, first cluster in empty image is already in use?");
abort();
}
/* Okay, now that we have a valid image, let's give it the right size */
ret = bdrv_truncate(bs, total_size * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
if (ret < 0) {
error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not resize image");
goto out;
}
/* Want a backing file? There you go.*/
if (backing_file) {
ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, backing_file, backing_format);
if (ret < 0) {
error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not assign backing file '%s' "
"with format '%s'", backing_file, backing_format);
goto out;
}
}
/* And if we're supposed to preallocate metadata, do that now */
if (prealloc) {
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
ret = preallocate(bs);
qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
if (ret < 0) {
error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not preallocate metadata");
goto out;
}
}
bdrv_close(bs);
/* Reopen the image without BDRV_O_NO_FLUSH to flush it before returning */
ret = bdrv_open(bs, filename, NULL,
BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_CACHE_WB | BDRV_O_NO_BACKING,
drv, &local_err);
if (error_is_set(&local_err)) {
error_propagate(errp, local_err);
goto out;
}
ret = 0;
out:
bdrv_unref(bs);
return ret;
}
static int qcow2_create(const char *filename, QEMUOptionParameter *options,
Error **errp)
{
const char *backing_file = NULL;
const char *backing_fmt = NULL;
uint64_t sectors = 0;
int flags = 0;
size_t cluster_size = DEFAULT_CLUSTER_SIZE;
int prealloc = 0;
int version = 3;
Error *local_err = NULL;
int ret;
/* Read out options */
while (options && options->name) {
if (!strcmp(options->name, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE)) {
sectors = options->value.n / 512;
} else if (!strcmp(options->name, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE)) {
backing_file = options->value.s;
} else if (!strcmp(options->name, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT)) {
backing_fmt = options->value.s;
} else if (!strcmp(options->name, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT)) {
flags |= options->value.n ? BLOCK_FLAG_ENCRYPT : 0;
} else if (!strcmp(options->name, BLOCK_OPT_CLUSTER_SIZE)) {
if (options->value.n) {
cluster_size = options->value.n;
}
} else if (!strcmp(options->name, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC)) {
if (!options->value.s || !strcmp(options->value.s, "off")) {
prealloc = 0;
} else if (!strcmp(options->value.s, "metadata")) {
prealloc = 1;
} else {
error_setg(errp, "Invalid preallocation mode: '%s'",
options->value.s);
return -EINVAL;
}
} else if (!strcmp(options->name, BLOCK_OPT_COMPAT_LEVEL)) {
if (!options->value.s) {
/* keep the default */
} else if (!strcmp(options->value.s, "0.10")) {
version = 2;
} else if (!strcmp(options->value.s, "1.1")) {
version = 3;
} else {
error_setg(errp, "Invalid compatibility level: '%s'",
options->value.s);
return -EINVAL;
}
} else if (!strcmp(options->name, BLOCK_OPT_LAZY_REFCOUNTS)) {
flags |= options->value.n ? BLOCK_FLAG_LAZY_REFCOUNTS : 0;
}
options++;
}
if (backing_file && prealloc) {
error_setg(errp, "Backing file and preallocation cannot be used at "
"the same time");
return -EINVAL;
}
if (version < 3 && (flags & BLOCK_FLAG_LAZY_REFCOUNTS)) {
error_setg(errp, "Lazy refcounts only supported with compatibility "
"level 1.1 and above (use compat=1.1 or greater)");
return -EINVAL;
}
ret = qcow2_create2(filename, sectors, backing_file, backing_fmt, flags,
cluster_size, prealloc, options, version, &local_err);
if (error_is_set(&local_err)) {
error_propagate(errp, local_err);
}
return ret;
}
static int qcow2_make_empty(BlockDriverState *bs)
{
#if 0
/* XXX: not correct */
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
uint32_t l1_length = s->l1_size * sizeof(uint64_t);
int ret;
memset(s->l1_table, 0, l1_length);
if (bdrv_pwrite(bs->file, s->l1_table_offset, s->l1_table, l1_length) < 0)
return -1;
ret = bdrv_truncate(bs->file, s->l1_table_offset + l1_length);
if (ret < 0)
return ret;
l2_cache_reset(bs);
#endif
return 0;
}
static coroutine_fn int qcow2_co_write_zeroes(BlockDriverState *bs,
int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors, BdrvRequestFlags flags)
{
int ret;
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
/* Emulate misaligned zero writes */
if (sector_num % s->cluster_sectors || nb_sectors % s->cluster_sectors) {
return -ENOTSUP;
}
/* Whatever is left can use real zero clusters */
qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
ret = qcow2_zero_clusters(bs, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
nb_sectors);
qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
return ret;
}
static coroutine_fn int qcow2_co_discard(BlockDriverState *bs,
int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors)
{
int ret;
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
ret = qcow2_discard_clusters(bs, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
nb_sectors, QCOW2_DISCARD_REQUEST);
qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
return ret;
}
static int qcow2_truncate(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
int64_t new_l1_size;
int ret;
if (offset & 511) {
error_report("The new size must be a multiple of 512");
return -EINVAL;
}
/* cannot proceed if image has snapshots */
if (s->nb_snapshots) {
error_report("Can't resize an image which has snapshots");
return -ENOTSUP;
}
/* shrinking is currently not supported */
if (offset < bs->total_sectors * 512) {
error_report("qcow2 doesn't support shrinking images yet");
return -ENOTSUP;
}
new_l1_size = size_to_l1(s, offset);
ret = qcow2_grow_l1_table(bs, new_l1_size, true);
if (ret < 0) {
return ret;
}
/* write updated header.size */
offset = cpu_to_be64(offset);
ret = bdrv_pwrite_sync(bs->file, offsetof(QCowHeader, size),
&offset, sizeof(uint64_t));
if (ret < 0) {
return ret;
}
s->l1_vm_state_index = new_l1_size;
return 0;
}
/* XXX: put compressed sectors first, then all the cluster aligned
tables to avoid losing bytes in alignment */
static int qcow2_write_compressed(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
const uint8_t *buf, int nb_sectors)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
z_stream strm;
int ret, out_len;
uint8_t *out_buf;
uint64_t cluster_offset;
if (nb_sectors == 0) {
/* align end of file to a sector boundary to ease reading with
sector based I/Os */
cluster_offset = bdrv_getlength(bs->file);
cluster_offset = (cluster_offset + 511) & ~511;
bdrv_truncate(bs->file, cluster_offset);
return 0;
}
if (nb_sectors != s->cluster_sectors) {
ret = -EINVAL;
/* Zero-pad last write if image size is not cluster aligned */
if (sector_num + nb_sectors == bs->total_sectors &&
nb_sectors < s->cluster_sectors) {
uint8_t *pad_buf = qemu_blockalign(bs, s->cluster_size);
memset(pad_buf, 0, s->cluster_size);
memcpy(pad_buf, buf, nb_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
ret = qcow2_write_compressed(bs, sector_num,
pad_buf, s->cluster_sectors);
qemu_vfree(pad_buf);
}
return ret;
}
out_buf = g_malloc(s->cluster_size + (s->cluster_size / 1000) + 128);
/* best compression, small window, no zlib header */
memset(&strm, 0, sizeof(strm));
ret = deflateInit2(&strm, Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION,
Z_DEFLATED, -12,
9, Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY);
if (ret != 0) {
ret = -EINVAL;
goto fail;
}
strm.avail_in = s->cluster_size;
strm.next_in = (uint8_t *)buf;
strm.avail_out = s->cluster_size;
strm.next_out = out_buf;
ret = deflate(&strm, Z_FINISH);
if (ret != Z_STREAM_END && ret != Z_OK) {
deflateEnd(&strm);
ret = -EINVAL;
goto fail;
}
out_len = strm.next_out - out_buf;
deflateEnd(&strm);
if (ret != Z_STREAM_END || out_len >= s->cluster_size) {
/* could not compress: write normal cluster */
ret = bdrv_write(bs, sector_num, buf, s->cluster_sectors);
if (ret < 0) {
goto fail;
}
} else {
cluster_offset = qcow2_alloc_compressed_cluster_offset(bs,
sector_num << 9, out_len);
if (!cluster_offset) {
ret = -EIO;
goto fail;
}
cluster_offset &= s->cluster_offset_mask;
ret = qcow2_pre_write_overlap_check(bs, 0, cluster_offset, out_len);
if (ret < 0) {
goto fail;
}
BLKDBG_EVENT(bs->file, BLKDBG_WRITE_COMPRESSED);
ret = bdrv_pwrite(bs->file, cluster_offset, out_buf, out_len);
if (ret < 0) {
goto fail;
}
}
ret = 0;
fail:
g_free(out_buf);
return ret;
}
static coroutine_fn int qcow2_co_flush_to_os(BlockDriverState *bs)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
int ret;
qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
ret = qcow2_cache_flush(bs, s->l2_table_cache);
if (ret < 0) {
qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
return ret;
}
if (qcow2_need_accurate_refcounts(s)) {
ret = qcow2_cache_flush(bs, s->refcount_block_cache);
if (ret < 0) {
qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
return ret;
}
}
qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
return 0;
}
static int qcow2_get_info(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockDriverInfo *bdi)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
bdi->cluster_size = s->cluster_size;
bdi->vm_state_offset = qcow2_vm_state_offset(s);
return 0;
}
static ImageInfoSpecific *qcow2_get_specific_info(BlockDriverState *bs)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
ImageInfoSpecific *spec_info = g_new(ImageInfoSpecific, 1);
*spec_info = (ImageInfoSpecific){
.kind = IMAGE_INFO_SPECIFIC_KIND_QCOW2,
{
.qcow2 = g_new(ImageInfoSpecificQCow2, 1),
},
};
if (s->qcow_version == 2) {
*spec_info->qcow2 = (ImageInfoSpecificQCow2){
.compat = g_strdup("0.10"),
};
} else if (s->qcow_version == 3) {
*spec_info->qcow2 = (ImageInfoSpecificQCow2){
.compat = g_strdup("1.1"),
.lazy_refcounts = s->compatible_features &
QCOW2_COMPAT_LAZY_REFCOUNTS,
.has_lazy_refcounts = true,
};
}
return spec_info;
}
#if 0
static void dump_refcounts(BlockDriverState *bs)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
int64_t nb_clusters, k, k1, size;
int refcount;
size = bdrv_getlength(bs->file);
nb_clusters = size_to_clusters(s, size);
for(k = 0; k < nb_clusters;) {
k1 = k;
refcount = get_refcount(bs, k);
k++;
while (k < nb_clusters && get_refcount(bs, k) == refcount)
k++;
printf("%" PRId64 ": refcount=%d nb=%" PRId64 "\n", k, refcount,
k - k1);
}
}
#endif
static int qcow2_save_vmstate(BlockDriverState *bs, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
int64_t pos)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
int64_t total_sectors = bs->total_sectors;
int growable = bs->growable;
bool zero_beyond_eof = bs->zero_beyond_eof;
int ret;
BLKDBG_EVENT(bs->file, BLKDBG_VMSTATE_SAVE);
bs->growable = 1;
bs->zero_beyond_eof = false;
ret = bdrv_pwritev(bs, qcow2_vm_state_offset(s) + pos, qiov);
bs->growable = growable;
bs->zero_beyond_eof = zero_beyond_eof;
/* bdrv_co_do_writev will have increased the total_sectors value to include
* the VM state - the VM state is however not an actual part of the block
* device, therefore, we need to restore the old value. */
bs->total_sectors = total_sectors;
return ret;
}
static int qcow2_load_vmstate(BlockDriverState *bs, uint8_t *buf,
int64_t pos, int size)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
int growable = bs->growable;
bool zero_beyond_eof = bs->zero_beyond_eof;
int ret;
BLKDBG_EVENT(bs->file, BLKDBG_VMSTATE_LOAD);
bs->growable = 1;
bs->zero_beyond_eof = false;
ret = bdrv_pread(bs, qcow2_vm_state_offset(s) + pos, buf, size);
bs->growable = growable;
bs->zero_beyond_eof = zero_beyond_eof;
return ret;
}
/*
* Downgrades an image's version. To achieve this, any incompatible features
* have to be removed.
*/
static int qcow2_downgrade(BlockDriverState *bs, int target_version)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
int current_version = s->qcow_version;
int ret;
if (target_version == current_version) {
return 0;
} else if (target_version > current_version) {
return -EINVAL;
} else if (target_version != 2) {
return -EINVAL;
}
if (s->refcount_order != 4) {
/* we would have to convert the image to a refcount_order == 4 image
* here; however, since qemu (at the time of writing this) does not
* support anything different than 4 anyway, there is no point in doing
* so right now; however, we should error out (if qemu supports this in
* the future and this code has not been adapted) */
error_report("qcow2_downgrade: Image refcount orders other than 4 are "
"currently not supported.");
return -ENOTSUP;
}
/* clear incompatible features */
if (s->incompatible_features & QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DIRTY) {
ret = qcow2_mark_clean(bs);
if (ret < 0) {
return ret;
}
}
/* with QCOW2_INCOMPAT_CORRUPT, it is pretty much impossible to get here in
* the first place; if that happens nonetheless, returning -ENOTSUP is the
* best thing to do anyway */
if (s->incompatible_features) {
return -ENOTSUP;
}
/* since we can ignore compatible features, we can set them to 0 as well */
s->compatible_features = 0;
/* if lazy refcounts have been used, they have already been fixed through
* clearing the dirty flag */
/* clearing autoclear features is trivial */
s->autoclear_features = 0;
ret = qcow2_expand_zero_clusters(bs);
if (ret < 0) {
return ret;
}
s->qcow_version = target_version;
ret = qcow2_update_header(bs);
if (ret < 0) {
s->qcow_version = current_version;
return ret;
}
return 0;
}
static int qcow2_amend_options(BlockDriverState *bs,
QEMUOptionParameter *options)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
int old_version = s->qcow_version, new_version = old_version;
uint64_t new_size = 0;
const char *backing_file = NULL, *backing_format = NULL;
bool lazy_refcounts = s->use_lazy_refcounts;
int ret;
int i;
for (i = 0; options[i].name; i++)
{
if (!options[i].assigned) {
/* only change explicitly defined options */
continue;
}
if (!strcmp(options[i].name, "compat")) {
if (!options[i].value.s) {
/* preserve default */
} else if (!strcmp(options[i].value.s, "0.10")) {
new_version = 2;
} else if (!strcmp(options[i].value.s, "1.1")) {
new_version = 3;
} else {
fprintf(stderr, "Unknown compatibility level %s.\n",
options[i].value.s);
return -EINVAL;
}
} else if (!strcmp(options[i].name, "preallocation")) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot change preallocation mode.\n");
return -ENOTSUP;
} else if (!strcmp(options[i].name, "size")) {
new_size = options[i].value.n;
} else if (!strcmp(options[i].name, "backing_file")) {
backing_file = options[i].value.s;
} else if (!strcmp(options[i].name, "backing_fmt")) {
backing_format = options[i].value.s;
} else if (!strcmp(options[i].name, "encryption")) {
if ((options[i].value.n != !!s->crypt_method)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Changing the encryption flag is not "
"supported.\n");
return -ENOTSUP;
}
} else if (!strcmp(options[i].name, "cluster_size")) {
if (options[i].value.n != s->cluster_size) {
fprintf(stderr, "Changing the cluster size is not "
"supported.\n");
return -ENOTSUP;
}
} else if (!strcmp(options[i].name, "lazy_refcounts")) {
lazy_refcounts = options[i].value.n;
} else {
/* if this assertion fails, this probably means a new option was
* added without having it covered here */
assert(false);
}
}
if (new_version != old_version) {
if (new_version > old_version) {
/* Upgrade */
s->qcow_version = new_version;
ret = qcow2_update_header(bs);
if (ret < 0) {
s->qcow_version = old_version;
return ret;
}
} else {
ret = qcow2_downgrade(bs, new_version);
if (ret < 0) {
return ret;
}
}
}
if (backing_file || backing_format) {
ret = qcow2_change_backing_file(bs, backing_file ?: bs->backing_file,
backing_format ?: bs->backing_format);
if (ret < 0) {
return ret;
}
}
if (s->use_lazy_refcounts != lazy_refcounts) {
if (lazy_refcounts) {
if (s->qcow_version < 3) {
fprintf(stderr, "Lazy refcounts only supported with compatibility "
"level 1.1 and above (use compat=1.1 or greater)\n");
return -EINVAL;
}
s->compatible_features |= QCOW2_COMPAT_LAZY_REFCOUNTS;
ret = qcow2_update_header(bs);
if (ret < 0) {
s->compatible_features &= ~QCOW2_COMPAT_LAZY_REFCOUNTS;
return ret;
}
s->use_lazy_refcounts = true;
} else {
/* make image clean first */
ret = qcow2_mark_clean(bs);
if (ret < 0) {
return ret;
}
/* now disallow lazy refcounts */
s->compatible_features &= ~QCOW2_COMPAT_LAZY_REFCOUNTS;
ret = qcow2_update_header(bs);
if (ret < 0) {
s->compatible_features |= QCOW2_COMPAT_LAZY_REFCOUNTS;
return ret;
}
s->use_lazy_refcounts = false;
}
}
if (new_size) {
ret = bdrv_truncate(bs, new_size);
if (ret < 0) {
return ret;
}
}
return 0;
}
static QEMUOptionParameter qcow2_create_options[] = {
{
.name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
.type = OPT_SIZE,
.help = "Virtual disk size"
},
{
.name = BLOCK_OPT_COMPAT_LEVEL,
.type = OPT_STRING,
.help = "Compatibility level (0.10 or 1.1)"
},
{
.name = BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE,
.type = OPT_STRING,
.help = "File name of a base image"
},
{
.name = BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT,
.type = OPT_STRING,
.help = "Image format of the base image"
},
{
.name = BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT,
.type = OPT_FLAG,
.help = "Encrypt the image"
},
{
.name = BLOCK_OPT_CLUSTER_SIZE,
.type = OPT_SIZE,
.help = "qcow2 cluster size",
.value = { .n = DEFAULT_CLUSTER_SIZE },
},
{
.name = BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC,
.type = OPT_STRING,
.help = "Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata)"
},
{
.name = BLOCK_OPT_LAZY_REFCOUNTS,
.type = OPT_FLAG,
.help = "Postpone refcount updates",
},
{ NULL }
};
static BlockDriver bdrv_qcow2 = {
.format_name = "qcow2",
.instance_size = sizeof(BDRVQcowState),
.bdrv_probe = qcow2_probe,
.bdrv_open = qcow2_open,
.bdrv_close = qcow2_close,
.bdrv_reopen_prepare = qcow2_reopen_prepare,
.bdrv_create = qcow2_create,
.bdrv_has_zero_init = bdrv_has_zero_init_1,
.bdrv_co_get_block_status = qcow2_co_get_block_status,
.bdrv_set_key = qcow2_set_key,
.bdrv_make_empty = qcow2_make_empty,
.bdrv_co_readv = qcow2_co_readv,
.bdrv_co_writev = qcow2_co_writev,
.bdrv_co_flush_to_os = qcow2_co_flush_to_os,
.bdrv_co_write_zeroes = qcow2_co_write_zeroes,
.bdrv_co_discard = qcow2_co_discard,
.bdrv_truncate = qcow2_truncate,
.bdrv_write_compressed = qcow2_write_compressed,
.bdrv_snapshot_create = qcow2_snapshot_create,
.bdrv_snapshot_goto = qcow2_snapshot_goto,
.bdrv_snapshot_delete = qcow2_snapshot_delete,
.bdrv_snapshot_list = qcow2_snapshot_list,
.bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp = qcow2_snapshot_load_tmp,
.bdrv_get_info = qcow2_get_info,
.bdrv_get_specific_info = qcow2_get_specific_info,
.bdrv_save_vmstate = qcow2_save_vmstate,
.bdrv_load_vmstate = qcow2_load_vmstate,
.bdrv_change_backing_file = qcow2_change_backing_file,
.bdrv_invalidate_cache = qcow2_invalidate_cache,
.create_options = qcow2_create_options,
.bdrv_check = qcow2_check,
.bdrv_amend_options = qcow2_amend_options,
};
static void bdrv_qcow2_init(void)
{
bdrv_register(&bdrv_qcow2);
}
block_init(bdrv_qcow2_init);
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