qemu/docs/system/devices/nvme.rst
Lukasz Maniak 751babf5bb docs: Add documentation for SR-IOV and Virtualization Enhancements
Documentation describes 5 new parameters being added regarding SR-IOV:
sriov_max_vfs
sriov_vq_flexible
sriov_vi_flexible
sriov_max_vi_per_vf
sriov_max_vq_per_vf

The description also includes the simplest possible QEMU invocation
and the series of NVMe commands required to enable SR-IOV support.

Signed-off-by: Lukasz Maniak <lukasz.maniak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Klaus Jensen <k.jensen@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Klaus Jensen <k.jensen@samsung.com>
2022-06-23 23:24:29 +02:00

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==============
NVMe Emulation
==============
QEMU provides NVMe emulation through the ``nvme``, ``nvme-ns`` and
``nvme-subsys`` devices.
See the following sections for specific information on
* `Adding NVMe Devices`_, `additional namespaces`_ and `NVM subsystems`_.
* Configuration of `Optional Features`_ such as `Controller Memory Buffer`_,
`Simple Copy`_, `Zoned Namespaces`_, `metadata`_ and `End-to-End Data
Protection`_,
Adding NVMe Devices
===================
Controller Emulation
--------------------
The QEMU emulated NVMe controller implements version 1.4 of the NVM Express
specification. All mandatory features are implement with a couple of exceptions
and limitations:
* Accounting numbers in the SMART/Health log page are reset when the device
is power cycled.
* Interrupt Coalescing is not supported and is disabled by default.
The simplest way to attach an NVMe controller on the QEMU PCI bus is to add the
following parameters:
.. code-block:: console
-drive file=nvm.img,if=none,id=nvm
-device nvme,serial=deadbeef,drive=nvm
There are a number of optional general parameters for the ``nvme`` device. Some
are mentioned here, but see ``-device nvme,help`` to list all possible
parameters.
``max_ioqpairs=UINT32`` (default: ``64``)
Set the maximum number of allowed I/O queue pairs. This replaces the
deprecated ``num_queues`` parameter.
``msix_qsize=UINT16`` (default: ``65``)
The number of MSI-X vectors that the device should support.
``mdts=UINT8`` (default: ``7``)
Set the Maximum Data Transfer Size of the device.
``use-intel-id`` (default: ``off``)
Since QEMU 5.2, the device uses a QEMU allocated "Red Hat" PCI Device and
Vendor ID. Set this to ``on`` to revert to the unallocated Intel ID
previously used.
Additional Namespaces
---------------------
In the simplest possible invocation sketched above, the device only support a
single namespace with the namespace identifier ``1``. To support multiple
namespaces and additional features, the ``nvme-ns`` device must be used.
.. code-block:: console
-device nvme,id=nvme-ctrl-0,serial=deadbeef
-drive file=nvm-1.img,if=none,id=nvm-1
-device nvme-ns,drive=nvm-1
-drive file=nvm-2.img,if=none,id=nvm-2
-device nvme-ns,drive=nvm-2
The namespaces defined by the ``nvme-ns`` device will attach to the most
recently defined ``nvme-bus`` that is created by the ``nvme`` device. Namespace
identifiers are allocated automatically, starting from ``1``.
There are a number of parameters available:
``nsid`` (default: ``0``)
Explicitly set the namespace identifier.
``uuid`` (default: *autogenerated*)
Set the UUID of the namespace. This will be reported as a "Namespace UUID"
descriptor in the Namespace Identification Descriptor List.
``eui64``
Set the EUI-64 of the namespace. This will be reported as a "IEEE Extended
Unique Identifier" descriptor in the Namespace Identification Descriptor List.
Since machine type 6.1 a non-zero default value is used if the parameter
is not provided. For earlier machine types the field defaults to 0.
``bus``
If there are more ``nvme`` devices defined, this parameter may be used to
attach the namespace to a specific ``nvme`` device (identified by an ``id``
parameter on the controller device).
NVM Subsystems
--------------
Additional features becomes available if the controller device (``nvme``) is
linked to an NVM Subsystem device (``nvme-subsys``).
The NVM Subsystem emulation allows features such as shared namespaces and
multipath I/O.
.. code-block:: console
-device nvme-subsys,id=nvme-subsys-0,nqn=subsys0
-device nvme,serial=a,subsys=nvme-subsys-0
-device nvme,serial=b,subsys=nvme-subsys-0
This will create an NVM subsystem with two controllers. Having controllers
linked to an ``nvme-subsys`` device allows additional ``nvme-ns`` parameters:
``shared`` (default: ``on`` since 6.2)
Specifies that the namespace will be attached to all controllers in the
subsystem. If set to ``off``, the namespace will remain a private namespace
and may only be attached to a single controller at a time. Shared namespaces
are always automatically attached to all controllers (also when controllers
are hotplugged).
``detached`` (default: ``off``)
If set to ``on``, the namespace will be be available in the subsystem, but
not attached to any controllers initially. A shared namespace with this set
to ``on`` will never be automatically attached to controllers.
Thus, adding
.. code-block:: console
-drive file=nvm-1.img,if=none,id=nvm-1
-device nvme-ns,drive=nvm-1,nsid=1
-drive file=nvm-2.img,if=none,id=nvm-2
-device nvme-ns,drive=nvm-2,nsid=3,shared=off,detached=on
will cause NSID 1 will be a shared namespace that is initially attached to both
controllers. NSID 3 will be a private namespace due to ``shared=off`` and only
attachable to a single controller at a time. Additionally it will not be
attached to any controller initially (due to ``detached=on``) or to hotplugged
controllers.
Optional Features
=================
Controller Memory Buffer
------------------------
``nvme`` device parameters related to the Controller Memory Buffer support:
``cmb_size_mb=UINT32`` (default: ``0``)
This adds a Controller Memory Buffer of the given size at offset zero in BAR
2.
``legacy-cmb`` (default: ``off``)
By default, the device uses the "v1.4 scheme" for the Controller Memory
Buffer support (i.e, the CMB is initially disabled and must be explicitly
enabled by the host). Set this to ``on`` to behave as a v1.3 device wrt. the
CMB.
Simple Copy
-----------
The device includes support for TP 4065 ("Simple Copy Command"). A number of
additional ``nvme-ns`` device parameters may be used to control the Copy
command limits:
``mssrl=UINT16`` (default: ``128``)
Set the Maximum Single Source Range Length (``MSSRL``). This is the maximum
number of logical blocks that may be specified in each source range.
``mcl=UINT32`` (default: ``128``)
Set the Maximum Copy Length (``MCL``). This is the maximum number of logical
blocks that may be specified in a Copy command (the total for all source
ranges).
``msrc=UINT8`` (default: ``127``)
Set the Maximum Source Range Count (``MSRC``). This is the maximum number of
source ranges that may be used in a Copy command. This is a 0's based value.
Zoned Namespaces
----------------
A namespaces may be "Zoned" as defined by TP 4053 ("Zoned Namespaces"). Set
``zoned=on`` on an ``nvme-ns`` device to configure it as a zoned namespace.
The namespace may be configured with additional parameters
``zoned.zone_size=SIZE`` (default: ``128MiB``)
Define the zone size (``ZSZE``).
``zoned.zone_capacity=SIZE`` (default: ``0``)
Define the zone capacity (``ZCAP``). If left at the default (``0``), the zone
capacity will equal the zone size.
``zoned.descr_ext_size=UINT32`` (default: ``0``)
Set the Zone Descriptor Extension Size (``ZDES``). Must be a multiple of 64
bytes.
``zoned.cross_read=BOOL`` (default: ``off``)
Set to ``on`` to allow reads to cross zone boundaries.
``zoned.max_active=UINT32`` (default: ``0``)
Set the maximum number of active resources (``MAR``). The default (``0``)
allows all zones to be active.
``zoned.max_open=UINT32`` (default: ``0``)
Set the maximum number of open resources (``MOR``). The default (``0``)
allows all zones to be open. If ``zoned.max_active`` is specified, this value
must be less than or equal to that.
``zoned.zasl=UINT8`` (default: ``0``)
Set the maximum data transfer size for the Zone Append command. Like
``mdts``, the value is specified as a power of two (2^n) and is in units of
the minimum memory page size (CAP.MPSMIN). The default value (``0``)
has this property inherit the ``mdts`` value.
Metadata
--------
The virtual namespace device supports LBA metadata in the form separate
metadata (``MPTR``-based) and extended LBAs.
``ms=UINT16`` (default: ``0``)
Defines the number of metadata bytes per LBA.
``mset=UINT8`` (default: ``0``)
Set to ``1`` to enable extended LBAs.
End-to-End Data Protection
--------------------------
The virtual namespace device supports DIF- and DIX-based protection information
(depending on ``mset``).
``pi=UINT8`` (default: ``0``)
Enable protection information of the specified type (type ``1``, ``2`` or
``3``).
``pil=UINT8`` (default: ``0``)
Controls the location of the protection information within the metadata. Set
to ``1`` to transfer protection information as the first eight bytes of
metadata. Otherwise, the protection information is transferred as the last
eight bytes.
Virtualization Enhancements and SR-IOV (Experimental Support)
-------------------------------------------------------------
The ``nvme`` device supports Single Root I/O Virtualization and Sharing
along with Virtualization Enhancements. The controller has to be linked to
an NVM Subsystem device (``nvme-subsys``) for use with SR-IOV.
A number of parameters are present (**please note, that they may be
subject to change**):
``sriov_max_vfs`` (default: ``0``)
Indicates the maximum number of PCIe virtual functions supported
by the controller. Specifying a non-zero value enables reporting of both
SR-IOV and ARI (Alternative Routing-ID Interpretation) capabilities
by the NVMe device. Virtual function controllers will not report SR-IOV.
``sriov_vq_flexible``
Indicates the total number of flexible queue resources assignable to all
the secondary controllers. Implicitly sets the number of primary
controller's private resources to ``(max_ioqpairs - sriov_vq_flexible)``.
``sriov_vi_flexible``
Indicates the total number of flexible interrupt resources assignable to
all the secondary controllers. Implicitly sets the number of primary
controller's private resources to ``(msix_qsize - sriov_vi_flexible)``.
``sriov_max_vi_per_vf`` (default: ``0``)
Indicates the maximum number of virtual interrupt resources assignable
to a secondary controller. The default ``0`` resolves to
``(sriov_vi_flexible / sriov_max_vfs)``
``sriov_max_vq_per_vf`` (default: ``0``)
Indicates the maximum number of virtual queue resources assignable to
a secondary controller. The default ``0`` resolves to
``(sriov_vq_flexible / sriov_max_vfs)``
The simplest possible invocation enables the capability to set up one VF
controller and assign an admin queue, an IO queue, and a MSI-X interrupt.
.. code-block:: console
-device nvme-subsys,id=subsys0
-device nvme,serial=deadbeef,subsys=subsys0,sriov_max_vfs=1,
sriov_vq_flexible=2,sriov_vi_flexible=1
The minimum steps required to configure a functional NVMe secondary
controller are:
* unbind flexible resources from the primary controller
.. code-block:: console
nvme virt-mgmt /dev/nvme0 -c 0 -r 1 -a 1 -n 0
nvme virt-mgmt /dev/nvme0 -c 0 -r 0 -a 1 -n 0
* perform a Function Level Reset on the primary controller to actually
release the resources
.. code-block:: console
echo 1 > /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:01:00.0/reset
* enable VF
.. code-block:: console
echo 1 > /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:01:00.0/sriov_numvfs
* assign the flexible resources to the VF and set it ONLINE
.. code-block:: console
nvme virt-mgmt /dev/nvme0 -c 1 -r 1 -a 8 -n 1
nvme virt-mgmt /dev/nvme0 -c 1 -r 0 -a 8 -n 2
nvme virt-mgmt /dev/nvme0 -c 1 -r 0 -a 9 -n 0
* bind the NVMe driver to the VF
.. code-block:: console
echo 0000:01:00.1 > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/nvme/bind