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qemu/block/qcow2.c
Kevin Wolf e1c7f0e3f9 qcow2: Store exact backing format length 
Currently qcow2 unnecessarily rounds up the length of the backing format string
to the next multiple of 8. At the same time, the array in BlockDriverState can
only hold 15 characters, so in effect backing formats with 9 characters or more
don't work (e.g. host_device).

Save the real string length and things start to work for all valid image format
names.

Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
2009-12-03 11:45:49 -06:00

1150 lines
34 KiB
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/*
* Block driver for the QCOW version 2 format
*
* Copyright (c) 2004-2006 Fabrice Bellard
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
* THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
* THE SOFTWARE.
*/
#include "qemu-common.h"
#include "block_int.h"
#include "module.h"
#include <zlib.h>
#include "aes.h"
#include "block/qcow2.h"
/*
Differences with QCOW:
- Support for multiple incremental snapshots.
- Memory management by reference counts.
- Clusters which have a reference count of one have the bit
QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED to optimize write performance.
- Size of compressed clusters is stored in sectors to reduce bit usage
in the cluster offsets.
- Support for storing additional data (such as the VM state) in the
snapshots.
- If a backing store is used, the cluster size is not constrained
(could be backported to QCOW).
- L2 tables have always a size of one cluster.
*/
typedef struct {
uint32_t magic;
uint32_t len;
} QCowExtension;
#define QCOW_EXT_MAGIC_END 0
#define QCOW_EXT_MAGIC_BACKING_FORMAT 0xE2792ACA
static int qcow_probe(const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size, const char *filename)
{
const QCowHeader *cow_header = (const void *)buf;
if (buf_size >= sizeof(QCowHeader) &&
be32_to_cpu(cow_header->magic) == QCOW_MAGIC &&
be32_to_cpu(cow_header->version) == QCOW_VERSION)
return 100;
else
return 0;
}
/*
* read qcow2 extension and fill bs
* start reading from start_offset
* finish reading upon magic of value 0 or when end_offset reached
* unknown magic is skipped (future extension this version knows nothing about)
* return 0 upon success, non-0 otherwise
*/
static int qcow_read_extensions(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t start_offset,
uint64_t end_offset)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
QCowExtension ext;
uint64_t offset;
#ifdef DEBUG_EXT
printf("qcow_read_extensions: start=%ld end=%ld\n", start_offset, end_offset);
#endif
offset = start_offset;
while (offset < end_offset) {
#ifdef DEBUG_EXT
/* Sanity check */
if (offset > s->cluster_size)
printf("qcow_handle_extension: suspicious offset %lu\n", offset);
printf("attemting to read extended header in offset %lu\n", offset);
#endif
if (bdrv_pread(s->hd, offset, &ext, sizeof(ext)) != sizeof(ext)) {
fprintf(stderr, "qcow_handle_extension: ERROR: pread fail from offset %llu\n",
(unsigned long long)offset);
return 1;
}
be32_to_cpus(&ext.magic);
be32_to_cpus(&ext.len);
offset += sizeof(ext);
#ifdef DEBUG_EXT
printf("ext.magic = 0x%x\n", ext.magic);
#endif
switch (ext.magic) {
case QCOW_EXT_MAGIC_END:
return 0;
case QCOW_EXT_MAGIC_BACKING_FORMAT:
if (ext.len >= sizeof(bs->backing_format)) {
fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: ext_backing_format: len=%u too large"
" (>=%zu)\n",
ext.len, sizeof(bs->backing_format));
return 2;
}
if (bdrv_pread(s->hd, offset , bs->backing_format,
ext.len) != ext.len)
return 3;
bs->backing_format[ext.len] = '\0';
#ifdef DEBUG_EXT
printf("Qcow2: Got format extension %s\n", bs->backing_format);
#endif
offset = ((offset + ext.len + 7) & ~7);
break;
default:
/* unknown magic -- just skip it */
offset = ((offset + ext.len + 7) & ~7);
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
static int qcow_open(BlockDriverState *bs, const char *filename, int flags)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
int len, i, shift, ret;
QCowHeader header;
uint64_t ext_end;
ret = bdrv_file_open(&s->hd, filename, flags);
if (ret < 0)
return ret;
if (bdrv_pread(s->hd, 0, &header, sizeof(header)) != sizeof(header))
goto fail;
be32_to_cpus(&header.magic);
be32_to_cpus(&header.version);
be64_to_cpus(&header.backing_file_offset);
be32_to_cpus(&header.backing_file_size);
be64_to_cpus(&header.size);
be32_to_cpus(&header.cluster_bits);
be32_to_cpus(&header.crypt_method);
be64_to_cpus(&header.l1_table_offset);
be32_to_cpus(&header.l1_size);
be64_to_cpus(&header.refcount_table_offset);
be32_to_cpus(&header.refcount_table_clusters);
be64_to_cpus(&header.snapshots_offset);
be32_to_cpus(&header.nb_snapshots);
if (header.magic != QCOW_MAGIC || header.version != QCOW_VERSION)
goto fail;
if (header.cluster_bits < MIN_CLUSTER_BITS ||
header.cluster_bits > MAX_CLUSTER_BITS)
goto fail;
if (header.crypt_method > QCOW_CRYPT_AES)
goto fail;
s->crypt_method_header = header.crypt_method;
if (s->crypt_method_header)
bs->encrypted = 1;
s->cluster_bits = header.cluster_bits;
s->cluster_size = 1 << s->cluster_bits;
s->cluster_sectors = 1 << (s->cluster_bits - 9);
s->l2_bits = s->cluster_bits - 3; /* L2 is always one cluster */
s->l2_size = 1 << s->l2_bits;
bs->total_sectors = header.size / 512;
s->csize_shift = (62 - (s->cluster_bits - 8));
s->csize_mask = (1 << (s->cluster_bits - 8)) - 1;
s->cluster_offset_mask = (1LL << s->csize_shift) - 1;
s->refcount_table_offset = header.refcount_table_offset;
s->refcount_table_size =
header.refcount_table_clusters << (s->cluster_bits - 3);
s->snapshots_offset = header.snapshots_offset;
s->nb_snapshots = header.nb_snapshots;
/* read the level 1 table */
s->l1_size = header.l1_size;
shift = s->cluster_bits + s->l2_bits;
s->l1_vm_state_index = (header.size + (1LL << shift) - 1) >> shift;
/* the L1 table must contain at least enough entries to put
header.size bytes */
if (s->l1_size < s->l1_vm_state_index)
goto fail;
s->l1_table_offset = header.l1_table_offset;
if (s->l1_size > 0) {
s->l1_table = qemu_mallocz(
align_offset(s->l1_size * sizeof(uint64_t), 512));
if (bdrv_pread(s->hd, s->l1_table_offset, s->l1_table, s->l1_size * sizeof(uint64_t)) !=
s->l1_size * sizeof(uint64_t))
goto fail;
for(i = 0;i < s->l1_size; i++) {
be64_to_cpus(&s->l1_table[i]);
}
}
/* alloc L2 cache */
s->l2_cache = qemu_malloc(s->l2_size * L2_CACHE_SIZE * sizeof(uint64_t));
s->cluster_cache = qemu_malloc(s->cluster_size);
/* one more sector for decompressed data alignment */
s->cluster_data = qemu_malloc(QCOW_MAX_CRYPT_CLUSTERS * s->cluster_size
+ 512);
s->cluster_cache_offset = -1;
if (qcow2_refcount_init(bs) < 0)
goto fail;
QLIST_INIT(&s->cluster_allocs);
/* read qcow2 extensions */
if (header.backing_file_offset)
ext_end = header.backing_file_offset;
else
ext_end = s->cluster_size;
if (qcow_read_extensions(bs, sizeof(header), ext_end))
goto fail;
/* read the backing file name */
if (header.backing_file_offset != 0) {
len = header.backing_file_size;
if (len > 1023)
len = 1023;
if (bdrv_pread(s->hd, header.backing_file_offset, bs->backing_file, len) != len)
goto fail;
bs->backing_file[len] = '\0';
}
if (qcow2_read_snapshots(bs) < 0)
goto fail;
#ifdef DEBUG_ALLOC
qcow2_check_refcounts(bs);
#endif
return 0;
fail:
qcow2_free_snapshots(bs);
qcow2_refcount_close(bs);
qemu_free(s->l1_table);
qemu_free(s->l2_cache);
qemu_free(s->cluster_cache);
qemu_free(s->cluster_data);
bdrv_delete(s->hd);
return -1;
}
static int qcow_set_key(BlockDriverState *bs, const char *key)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
uint8_t keybuf[16];
int len, i;
memset(keybuf, 0, 16);
len = strlen(key);
if (len > 16)
len = 16;
/* XXX: we could compress the chars to 7 bits to increase
entropy */
for(i = 0;i < len;i++) {
keybuf[i] = key[i];
}
s->crypt_method = s->crypt_method_header;
if (AES_set_encrypt_key(keybuf, 128, &s->aes_encrypt_key) != 0)
return -1;
if (AES_set_decrypt_key(keybuf, 128, &s->aes_decrypt_key) != 0)
return -1;
#if 0
/* test */
{
uint8_t in[16];
uint8_t out[16];
uint8_t tmp[16];
for(i=0;i<16;i++)
in[i] = i;
AES_encrypt(in, tmp, &s->aes_encrypt_key);
AES_decrypt(tmp, out, &s->aes_decrypt_key);
for(i = 0; i < 16; i++)
printf(" %02x", tmp[i]);
printf("\n");
for(i = 0; i < 16; i++)
printf(" %02x", out[i]);
printf("\n");
}
#endif
return 0;
}
static int qcow_is_allocated(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
int nb_sectors, int *pnum)
{
uint64_t cluster_offset;
*pnum = nb_sectors;
cluster_offset = qcow2_get_cluster_offset(bs, sector_num << 9, pnum);
return (cluster_offset != 0);
}
/* handle reading after the end of the backing file */
int qcow2_backing_read1(BlockDriverState *bs,
int64_t sector_num, uint8_t *buf, int nb_sectors)
{
int n1;
if ((sector_num + nb_sectors) <= bs->total_sectors)
return nb_sectors;
if (sector_num >= bs->total_sectors)
n1 = 0;
else
n1 = bs->total_sectors - sector_num;
memset(buf + n1 * 512, 0, 512 * (nb_sectors - n1));
return n1;
}
typedef struct QCowAIOCB {
BlockDriverAIOCB common;
int64_t sector_num;
QEMUIOVector *qiov;
uint8_t *buf;
void *orig_buf;
int nb_sectors;
int n;
uint64_t cluster_offset;
uint8_t *cluster_data;
BlockDriverAIOCB *hd_aiocb;
struct iovec hd_iov;
QEMUIOVector hd_qiov;
QEMUBH *bh;
QCowL2Meta l2meta;
QLIST_ENTRY(QCowAIOCB) next_depend;
} QCowAIOCB;
static void qcow_aio_cancel(BlockDriverAIOCB *blockacb)
{
QCowAIOCB *acb = (QCowAIOCB *)blockacb;
if (acb->hd_aiocb)
bdrv_aio_cancel(acb->hd_aiocb);
qemu_aio_release(acb);
}
static AIOPool qcow_aio_pool = {
.aiocb_size = sizeof(QCowAIOCB),
.cancel = qcow_aio_cancel,
};
static void qcow_aio_read_cb(void *opaque, int ret);
static void qcow_aio_read_bh(void *opaque)
{
QCowAIOCB *acb = opaque;
qemu_bh_delete(acb->bh);
acb->bh = NULL;
qcow_aio_read_cb(opaque, 0);
}
static int qcow_schedule_bh(QEMUBHFunc *cb, QCowAIOCB *acb)
{
if (acb->bh)
return -EIO;
acb->bh = qemu_bh_new(cb, acb);
if (!acb->bh)
return -EIO;
qemu_bh_schedule(acb->bh);
return 0;
}
static void qcow_aio_read_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
{
QCowAIOCB *acb = opaque;
BlockDriverState *bs = acb->common.bs;
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
int index_in_cluster, n1;
acb->hd_aiocb = NULL;
if (ret < 0)
goto done;
/* post process the read buffer */
if (!acb->cluster_offset) {
/* nothing to do */
} else if (acb->cluster_offset & QCOW_OFLAG_COMPRESSED) {
/* nothing to do */
} else {
if (s->crypt_method) {
qcow2_encrypt_sectors(s, acb->sector_num, acb->buf, acb->buf,
acb->n, 0,
&s->aes_decrypt_key);
}
}
acb->nb_sectors -= acb->n;
acb->sector_num += acb->n;
acb->buf += acb->n * 512;
if (acb->nb_sectors == 0) {
/* request completed */
ret = 0;
goto done;
}
/* prepare next AIO request */
acb->n = acb->nb_sectors;
acb->cluster_offset =
qcow2_get_cluster_offset(bs, acb->sector_num << 9, &acb->n);
index_in_cluster = acb->sector_num & (s->cluster_sectors - 1);
if (!acb->cluster_offset) {
if (bs->backing_hd) {
/* read from the base image */
n1 = qcow2_backing_read1(bs->backing_hd, acb->sector_num,
acb->buf, acb->n);
if (n1 > 0) {
acb->hd_iov.iov_base = (void *)acb->buf;
acb->hd_iov.iov_len = acb->n * 512;
qemu_iovec_init_external(&acb->hd_qiov, &acb->hd_iov, 1);
acb->hd_aiocb = bdrv_aio_readv(bs->backing_hd, acb->sector_num,
&acb->hd_qiov, acb->n,
qcow_aio_read_cb, acb);
if (acb->hd_aiocb == NULL)
goto done;
} else {
ret = qcow_schedule_bh(qcow_aio_read_bh, acb);
if (ret < 0)
goto done;
}
} else {
/* Note: in this case, no need to wait */
memset(acb->buf, 0, 512 * acb->n);
ret = qcow_schedule_bh(qcow_aio_read_bh, acb);
if (ret < 0)
goto done;
}
} else if (acb->cluster_offset & QCOW_OFLAG_COMPRESSED) {
/* add AIO support for compressed blocks ? */
if (qcow2_decompress_cluster(s, acb->cluster_offset) < 0)
goto done;
memcpy(acb->buf,
s->cluster_cache + index_in_cluster * 512, 512 * acb->n);
ret = qcow_schedule_bh(qcow_aio_read_bh, acb);
if (ret < 0)
goto done;
} else {
if ((acb->cluster_offset & 511) != 0) {
ret = -EIO;
goto done;
}
acb->hd_iov.iov_base = (void *)acb->buf;
acb->hd_iov.iov_len = acb->n * 512;
qemu_iovec_init_external(&acb->hd_qiov, &acb->hd_iov, 1);
acb->hd_aiocb = bdrv_aio_readv(s->hd,
(acb->cluster_offset >> 9) + index_in_cluster,
&acb->hd_qiov, acb->n, qcow_aio_read_cb, acb);
if (acb->hd_aiocb == NULL)
goto done;
}
return;
done:
if (acb->qiov->niov > 1) {
qemu_iovec_from_buffer(acb->qiov, acb->orig_buf, acb->qiov->size);
qemu_vfree(acb->orig_buf);
}
acb->common.cb(acb->common.opaque, ret);
qemu_aio_release(acb);
}
static QCowAIOCB *qcow_aio_setup(BlockDriverState *bs,
int64_t sector_num, QEMUIOVector *qiov, int nb_sectors,
BlockDriverCompletionFunc *cb, void *opaque, int is_write)
{
QCowAIOCB *acb;
acb = qemu_aio_get(&qcow_aio_pool, bs, cb, opaque);
if (!acb)
return NULL;
acb->hd_aiocb = NULL;
acb->sector_num = sector_num;
acb->qiov = qiov;
if (qiov->niov > 1) {
acb->buf = acb->orig_buf = qemu_blockalign(bs, qiov->size);
if (is_write)
qemu_iovec_to_buffer(qiov, acb->buf);
} else {
acb->buf = (uint8_t *)qiov->iov->iov_base;
}
acb->nb_sectors = nb_sectors;
acb->n = 0;
acb->cluster_offset = 0;
acb->l2meta.nb_clusters = 0;
QLIST_INIT(&acb->l2meta.dependent_requests);
return acb;
}
static BlockDriverAIOCB *qcow_aio_readv(BlockDriverState *bs,
int64_t sector_num, QEMUIOVector *qiov, int nb_sectors,
BlockDriverCompletionFunc *cb, void *opaque)
{
QCowAIOCB *acb;
acb = qcow_aio_setup(bs, sector_num, qiov, nb_sectors, cb, opaque, 0);
if (!acb)
return NULL;
qcow_aio_read_cb(acb, 0);
return &acb->common;
}
static void qcow_aio_write_cb(void *opaque, int ret);
static void run_dependent_requests(QCowL2Meta *m)
{
QCowAIOCB *req;
QCowAIOCB *next;
/* Take the request off the list of running requests */
if (m->nb_clusters != 0) {
QLIST_REMOVE(m, next_in_flight);
}
/*
* Restart all dependent requests.
* Can't use QLIST_FOREACH here - the next link might not be the same
* any more after the callback (request could depend on a different
* request now)
*/
for (req = m->dependent_requests.lh_first; req != NULL; req = next) {
next = req->next_depend.le_next;
qcow_aio_write_cb(req, 0);
}
/* Empty the list for the next part of the request */
QLIST_INIT(&m->dependent_requests);
}
static void qcow_aio_write_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
{
QCowAIOCB *acb = opaque;
BlockDriverState *bs = acb->common.bs;
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
int index_in_cluster;
const uint8_t *src_buf;
int n_end;
acb->hd_aiocb = NULL;
if (ret >= 0) {
ret = qcow2_alloc_cluster_link_l2(bs, acb->cluster_offset, &acb->l2meta);
}
run_dependent_requests(&acb->l2meta);
if (ret < 0)
goto done;
acb->nb_sectors -= acb->n;
acb->sector_num += acb->n;
acb->buf += acb->n * 512;
if (acb->nb_sectors == 0) {
/* request completed */
ret = 0;
goto done;
}
index_in_cluster = acb->sector_num & (s->cluster_sectors - 1);
n_end = index_in_cluster + acb->nb_sectors;
if (s->crypt_method &&
n_end > QCOW_MAX_CRYPT_CLUSTERS * s->cluster_sectors)
n_end = QCOW_MAX_CRYPT_CLUSTERS * s->cluster_sectors;
acb->cluster_offset = qcow2_alloc_cluster_offset(bs, acb->sector_num << 9,
index_in_cluster,
n_end, &acb->n, &acb->l2meta);
/* Need to wait for another request? If so, we are done for now. */
if (!acb->cluster_offset && acb->l2meta.depends_on != NULL) {
QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&acb->l2meta.depends_on->dependent_requests,
acb, next_depend);
return;
}
if (!acb->cluster_offset || (acb->cluster_offset & 511) != 0) {
ret = -EIO;
goto done;
}
if (s->crypt_method) {
if (!acb->cluster_data) {
acb->cluster_data = qemu_mallocz(QCOW_MAX_CRYPT_CLUSTERS *
s->cluster_size);
}
qcow2_encrypt_sectors(s, acb->sector_num, acb->cluster_data, acb->buf,
acb->n, 1, &s->aes_encrypt_key);
src_buf = acb->cluster_data;
} else {
src_buf = acb->buf;
}
acb->hd_iov.iov_base = (void *)src_buf;
acb->hd_iov.iov_len = acb->n * 512;
qemu_iovec_init_external(&acb->hd_qiov, &acb->hd_iov, 1);
acb->hd_aiocb = bdrv_aio_writev(s->hd,
(acb->cluster_offset >> 9) + index_in_cluster,
&acb->hd_qiov, acb->n,
qcow_aio_write_cb, acb);
if (acb->hd_aiocb == NULL)
goto done;
return;
done:
if (acb->qiov->niov > 1)
qemu_vfree(acb->orig_buf);
acb->common.cb(acb->common.opaque, ret);
qemu_aio_release(acb);
}
static BlockDriverAIOCB *qcow_aio_writev(BlockDriverState *bs,
int64_t sector_num, QEMUIOVector *qiov, int nb_sectors,
BlockDriverCompletionFunc *cb, void *opaque)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
QCowAIOCB *acb;
s->cluster_cache_offset = -1; /* disable compressed cache */
acb = qcow_aio_setup(bs, sector_num, qiov, nb_sectors, cb, opaque, 1);
if (!acb)
return NULL;
qcow_aio_write_cb(acb, 0);
return &acb->common;
}
static void qcow_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
qemu_free(s->l1_table);
qemu_free(s->l2_cache);
qemu_free(s->cluster_cache);
qemu_free(s->cluster_data);
qcow2_refcount_close(bs);
bdrv_delete(s->hd);
}
static int get_bits_from_size(size_t size)
{
int res = 0;
if (size == 0) {
return -1;
}
while (size != 1) {
/* Not a power of two */
if (size & 1) {
return -1;
}
size >>= 1;
res++;
}
return res;
}
static int preallocate(BlockDriverState *bs)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
uint64_t cluster_offset = 0;
uint64_t nb_sectors;
uint64_t offset;
int num;
QCowL2Meta meta;
nb_sectors = bdrv_getlength(bs) >> 9;
offset = 0;
QLIST_INIT(&meta.dependent_requests);
while (nb_sectors) {
num = MIN(nb_sectors, INT_MAX >> 9);
cluster_offset = qcow2_alloc_cluster_offset(bs, offset, 0, num, &num,
&meta);
if (cluster_offset == 0) {
return -1;
}
if (qcow2_alloc_cluster_link_l2(bs, cluster_offset, &meta) < 0) {
qcow2_free_any_clusters(bs, cluster_offset, meta.nb_clusters);
return -1;
}
/* There are no dependent requests, but we need to remove our request
* from the list of in-flight requests */
run_dependent_requests(&meta);
/* TODO Preallocate data if requested */
nb_sectors -= num;
offset += num << 9;
}
/*
* It is expected that the image file is large enough to actually contain
* all of the allocated clusters (otherwise we get failing reads after
* EOF). Extend the image to the last allocated sector.
*/
if (cluster_offset != 0) {
uint8_t buf[512];
memset(buf, 0, 512);
bdrv_write(s->hd, (cluster_offset >> 9) + num - 1, buf, 1);
}
return 0;
}
static int qcow_create2(const char *filename, int64_t total_size,
const char *backing_file, const char *backing_format,
int flags, size_t cluster_size, int prealloc)
{
int fd, header_size, backing_filename_len, l1_size, i, shift, l2_bits;
int ref_clusters, backing_format_len = 0;
int rounded_ext_bf_len = 0;
QCowHeader header;
uint64_t tmp, offset;
QCowCreateState s1, *s = &s1;
QCowExtension ext_bf = {0, 0};
memset(s, 0, sizeof(*s));
fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_BINARY, 0644);
if (fd < 0)
return -1;
memset(&header, 0, sizeof(header));
header.magic = cpu_to_be32(QCOW_MAGIC);
header.version = cpu_to_be32(QCOW_VERSION);
header.size = cpu_to_be64(total_size * 512);
header_size = sizeof(header);
backing_filename_len = 0;
if (backing_file) {
if (backing_format) {
ext_bf.magic = QCOW_EXT_MAGIC_BACKING_FORMAT;
backing_format_len = strlen(backing_format);
ext_bf.len = backing_format_len;
rounded_ext_bf_len = (sizeof(ext_bf) + ext_bf.len + 7) & ~7;
header_size += rounded_ext_bf_len;
}
header.backing_file_offset = cpu_to_be64(header_size);
backing_filename_len = strlen(backing_file);
header.backing_file_size = cpu_to_be32(backing_filename_len);
header_size += backing_filename_len;
}
/* Cluster size */
s->cluster_bits = get_bits_from_size(cluster_size);
if (s->cluster_bits < MIN_CLUSTER_BITS ||
s->cluster_bits > MAX_CLUSTER_BITS)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Cluster size must be a power of two between "
"%d and %dk\n",
1 << MIN_CLUSTER_BITS,
1 << (MAX_CLUSTER_BITS - 10));
return -EINVAL;
}
s->cluster_size = 1 << s->cluster_bits;
header.cluster_bits = cpu_to_be32(s->cluster_bits);
header_size = (header_size + 7) & ~7;
if (flags & BLOCK_FLAG_ENCRYPT) {
header.crypt_method = cpu_to_be32(QCOW_CRYPT_AES);
} else {
header.crypt_method = cpu_to_be32(QCOW_CRYPT_NONE);
}
l2_bits = s->cluster_bits - 3;
shift = s->cluster_bits + l2_bits;
l1_size = (((total_size * 512) + (1LL << shift) - 1) >> shift);
offset = align_offset(header_size, s->cluster_size);
s->l1_table_offset = offset;
header.l1_table_offset = cpu_to_be64(s->l1_table_offset);
header.l1_size = cpu_to_be32(l1_size);
offset += align_offset(l1_size * sizeof(uint64_t), s->cluster_size);
s->refcount_table = qemu_mallocz(s->cluster_size);
s->refcount_table_offset = offset;
header.refcount_table_offset = cpu_to_be64(offset);
header.refcount_table_clusters = cpu_to_be32(1);
offset += s->cluster_size;
s->refcount_block_offset = offset;
/* count how many refcount blocks needed */
tmp = offset >> s->cluster_bits;
ref_clusters = (tmp >> (s->cluster_bits - REFCOUNT_SHIFT)) + 1;
for (i=0; i < ref_clusters; i++) {
s->refcount_table[i] = cpu_to_be64(offset);
offset += s->cluster_size;
}
s->refcount_block = qemu_mallocz(ref_clusters * s->cluster_size);
/* update refcounts */
qcow2_create_refcount_update(s, 0, header_size);
qcow2_create_refcount_update(s, s->l1_table_offset,
l1_size * sizeof(uint64_t));
qcow2_create_refcount_update(s, s->refcount_table_offset, s->cluster_size);
qcow2_create_refcount_update(s, s->refcount_block_offset,
ref_clusters * s->cluster_size);
/* write all the data */
write(fd, &header, sizeof(header));
if (backing_file) {
if (backing_format_len) {
char zero[16];
int padding = rounded_ext_bf_len - (ext_bf.len + sizeof(ext_bf));
memset(zero, 0, sizeof(zero));
cpu_to_be32s(&ext_bf.magic);
cpu_to_be32s(&ext_bf.len);
write(fd, &ext_bf, sizeof(ext_bf));
write(fd, backing_format, backing_format_len);
if (padding > 0) {
write(fd, zero, padding);
}
}
write(fd, backing_file, backing_filename_len);
}
lseek(fd, s->l1_table_offset, SEEK_SET);
tmp = 0;
for(i = 0;i < l1_size; i++) {
write(fd, &tmp, sizeof(tmp));
}
lseek(fd, s->refcount_table_offset, SEEK_SET);
write(fd, s->refcount_table, s->cluster_size);
lseek(fd, s->refcount_block_offset, SEEK_SET);
write(fd, s->refcount_block, ref_clusters * s->cluster_size);
qemu_free(s->refcount_table);
qemu_free(s->refcount_block);
close(fd);
/* Preallocate metadata */
if (prealloc) {
BlockDriverState *bs;
bs = bdrv_new("");
bdrv_open(bs, filename, BDRV_O_CACHE_WB);
preallocate(bs);
bdrv_close(bs);
}
return 0;
}
static int qcow_create(const char *filename, QEMUOptionParameter *options)
{
const char *backing_file = NULL;
const char *backing_fmt = NULL;
uint64_t sectors = 0;
int flags = 0;
size_t cluster_size = 65536;
int prealloc = 0;
/* Read out options */
while (options && options->name) {
if (!strcmp(options->name, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE)) {
sectors = options->value.n / 512;
} else if (!strcmp(options->name, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE)) {
backing_file = options->value.s;
} else if (!strcmp(options->name, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT)) {
backing_fmt = options->value.s;
} else if (!strcmp(options->name, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT)) {
flags |= options->value.n ? BLOCK_FLAG_ENCRYPT : 0;
} else if (!strcmp(options->name, BLOCK_OPT_CLUSTER_SIZE)) {
if (options->value.n) {
cluster_size = options->value.n;
}
} else if (!strcmp(options->name, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC)) {
if (!options->value.s || !strcmp(options->value.s, "off")) {
prealloc = 0;
} else if (!strcmp(options->value.s, "metadata")) {
prealloc = 1;
} else {
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid preallocation mode: '%s'\n",
options->value.s);
return -EINVAL;
}
}
options++;
}
if (backing_file && prealloc) {
fprintf(stderr, "Backing file and preallocation cannot be used at "
"the same time\n");
return -EINVAL;
}
return qcow_create2(filename, sectors, backing_file, backing_fmt, flags,
cluster_size, prealloc);
}
static int qcow_make_empty(BlockDriverState *bs)
{
#if 0
/* XXX: not correct */
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
uint32_t l1_length = s->l1_size * sizeof(uint64_t);
int ret;
memset(s->l1_table, 0, l1_length);
if (bdrv_pwrite(s->hd, s->l1_table_offset, s->l1_table, l1_length) < 0)
return -1;
ret = bdrv_truncate(s->hd, s->l1_table_offset + l1_length);
if (ret < 0)
return ret;
l2_cache_reset(bs);
#endif
return 0;
}
/* XXX: put compressed sectors first, then all the cluster aligned
tables to avoid losing bytes in alignment */
static int qcow_write_compressed(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
const uint8_t *buf, int nb_sectors)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
z_stream strm;
int ret, out_len;
uint8_t *out_buf;
uint64_t cluster_offset;
if (nb_sectors == 0) {
/* align end of file to a sector boundary to ease reading with
sector based I/Os */
cluster_offset = bdrv_getlength(s->hd);
cluster_offset = (cluster_offset + 511) & ~511;
bdrv_truncate(s->hd, cluster_offset);
return 0;
}
if (nb_sectors != s->cluster_sectors)
return -EINVAL;
out_buf = qemu_malloc(s->cluster_size + (s->cluster_size / 1000) + 128);
/* best compression, small window, no zlib header */
memset(&strm, 0, sizeof(strm));
ret = deflateInit2(&strm, Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION,
Z_DEFLATED, -12,
9, Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY);
if (ret != 0) {
qemu_free(out_buf);
return -1;
}
strm.avail_in = s->cluster_size;
strm.next_in = (uint8_t *)buf;
strm.avail_out = s->cluster_size;
strm.next_out = out_buf;
ret = deflate(&strm, Z_FINISH);
if (ret != Z_STREAM_END && ret != Z_OK) {
qemu_free(out_buf);
deflateEnd(&strm);
return -1;
}
out_len = strm.next_out - out_buf;
deflateEnd(&strm);
if (ret != Z_STREAM_END || out_len >= s->cluster_size) {
/* could not compress: write normal cluster */
bdrv_write(bs, sector_num, buf, s->cluster_sectors);
} else {
cluster_offset = qcow2_alloc_compressed_cluster_offset(bs,
sector_num << 9, out_len);
if (!cluster_offset)
return -1;
cluster_offset &= s->cluster_offset_mask;
if (bdrv_pwrite(s->hd, cluster_offset, out_buf, out_len) != out_len) {
qemu_free(out_buf);
return -1;
}
}
qemu_free(out_buf);
return 0;
}
static void qcow_flush(BlockDriverState *bs)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
bdrv_flush(s->hd);
}
static int64_t qcow_vm_state_offset(BDRVQcowState *s)
{
return (int64_t)s->l1_vm_state_index << (s->cluster_bits + s->l2_bits);
}
static int qcow_get_info(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockDriverInfo *bdi)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
bdi->cluster_size = s->cluster_size;
bdi->vm_state_offset = qcow_vm_state_offset(s);
return 0;
}
static int qcow_check(BlockDriverState *bs)
{
return qcow2_check_refcounts(bs);
}
#if 0
static void dump_refcounts(BlockDriverState *bs)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
int64_t nb_clusters, k, k1, size;
int refcount;
size = bdrv_getlength(s->hd);
nb_clusters = size_to_clusters(s, size);
for(k = 0; k < nb_clusters;) {
k1 = k;
refcount = get_refcount(bs, k);
k++;
while (k < nb_clusters && get_refcount(bs, k) == refcount)
k++;
printf("%lld: refcount=%d nb=%lld\n", k, refcount, k - k1);
}
}
#endif
static int qcow_save_vmstate(BlockDriverState *bs, const uint8_t *buf,
int64_t pos, int size)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
int growable = bs->growable;
bs->growable = 1;
bdrv_pwrite(bs, qcow_vm_state_offset(s) + pos, buf, size);
bs->growable = growable;
return size;
}
static int qcow_load_vmstate(BlockDriverState *bs, uint8_t *buf,
int64_t pos, int size)
{
BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
int growable = bs->growable;
int ret;
bs->growable = 1;
ret = bdrv_pread(bs, qcow_vm_state_offset(s) + pos, buf, size);
bs->growable = growable;
return ret;
}
static QEMUOptionParameter qcow_create_options[] = {
{
.name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
.type = OPT_SIZE,
.help = "Virtual disk size"
},
{
.name = BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE,
.type = OPT_STRING,
.help = "File name of a base image"
},
{
.name = BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT,
.type = OPT_STRING,
.help = "Image format of the base image"
},
{
.name = BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT,
.type = OPT_FLAG,
.help = "Encrypt the image"
},
{
.name = BLOCK_OPT_CLUSTER_SIZE,
.type = OPT_SIZE,
.help = "qcow2 cluster size"
},
{
.name = BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC,
.type = OPT_STRING,
.help = "Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata)"
},
{ NULL }
};
static BlockDriver bdrv_qcow2 = {
.format_name = "qcow2",
.instance_size = sizeof(BDRVQcowState),
.bdrv_probe = qcow_probe,
.bdrv_open = qcow_open,
.bdrv_close = qcow_close,
.bdrv_create = qcow_create,
.bdrv_flush = qcow_flush,
.bdrv_is_allocated = qcow_is_allocated,
.bdrv_set_key = qcow_set_key,
.bdrv_make_empty = qcow_make_empty,
.bdrv_aio_readv = qcow_aio_readv,
.bdrv_aio_writev = qcow_aio_writev,
.bdrv_write_compressed = qcow_write_compressed,
.bdrv_snapshot_create = qcow2_snapshot_create,
.bdrv_snapshot_goto = qcow2_snapshot_goto,
.bdrv_snapshot_delete = qcow2_snapshot_delete,
.bdrv_snapshot_list = qcow2_snapshot_list,
.bdrv_get_info = qcow_get_info,
.bdrv_save_vmstate = qcow_save_vmstate,
.bdrv_load_vmstate = qcow_load_vmstate,
.create_options = qcow_create_options,
.bdrv_check = qcow_check,
};
static void bdrv_qcow2_init(void)
{
bdrv_register(&bdrv_qcow2);
}
block_init(bdrv_qcow2_init);
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