This is an s390 boot rom which was used in s390-virtio machine.
but since commit 3538fb6f89
"s390x: remove s390-virtio machine", this file isn't used.
The only place it is referenced in the code is an unused
define ZIPL_FILENAME. There's also comment in hw/s390/ipl.c
which I'm modifying too, to refer to s390-ccw.img instead.
Signed-off-by: Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Clean up includes so that osdep.h is included first and headers
which it implies are not included manually.
This commit was created with scripts/clean-includes.
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Message-id: 1453832250-766-8-git-send-email-peter.maydell@linaro.org
Switching to the generally used interface changes the output of
s390x-softmmu/qemu-system-s390x -net nic,model=?
from
S390 only supports VirtIO nics
to the rather more useful
qemu: Supported NIC models: virtio
while still giving us a sensible error message for unsupported
models:
s390x-softmmu/qemu-system-s390x -net nic,model=foo
qemu-system-s390x: Unsupported NIC model: foo
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <dahi@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
The s390-virtio machine has been removed; remove the associated devices
as well.
hw/s390x/s390-virtio-bus.c and hw/s390x/s390-virtio-bus.h
have been deleted and removed from hw/s390x/Makefile.objs
virtio-size has no more meaning for the modern machine
and has been removed from helper.c and cpu.h
virtio-serial-s390 belonging to the old machine is
being removed from vl.c
Signed-off-by: Pierre Morel <pmorel@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Remove machine code for the s390-virtio machine, but keep functions
useful for the ccw machine.
Signed-off-by: Pierre Morel <pmorel@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
'make check' tries to start all available machines; the deprecation
message for the s390-virtio machine is both useless and annoying
there. Silence it while testing.
Reported-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
The non-ccw machine for s390 (s390-virtio) is not very well maintained
and caused several issues in the past:
- aliases like virtio-blk did not work for s390
- virtio refactoring failed due to long standing bugs (e.g.see
commit cb927b8a "s390-virtio: Accommodate guests using virtqueues too early")
- some features like memory hotplug will cause trouble due to virtio storage
being above guest memory
- the boot loader bios no longer seems to work. the source code of that
loader is also no longer maintained
2.4 changed the default to the ccw machine, let's deprecate the old
machine for 2.5.
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <dahi@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Message-Id: <1446811645-25565-1-git-send-email-borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Let's move the qom definitions of the ipl device into ipl.h, replace
"s390-ipl" by a proper type define, turn it into a TYPE_DEVICE
and remove the unneeded class definition.
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <dahi@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
The cmma reset is per VM, so we don't need a cpu object. We can
directly make use of kvm_state, as it is already available when
the reset is called. By moving the cmma reset in our machine reset
function, we can avoid a manual reset handler.
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <dahi@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Initializing VM crypto in initial cpu reset has multiple problems
1. We call the exact same function #VCPU times, although one time is enough
2. On SIGP initial cpu reset, we exchange the wrapping key while
other VCPUs are running. Bad!
3. It is simply wrong. According to the Pop, a reset happens only during a
clear reset.
So, we have to reset the keys
- on modified clear reset
- on load clear (QEMU reset - via machine reset)
- on qemu start (via machine reset)
Reviewed-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <dahi@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Current implementation depends on the order of resets getting triggered.
If a cpu reset is triggered after the ipl device reset, the CPU is stopped and
the VM will not run. In fact, that hinders us from converting the ipl device
into a TYPE_DEVICE. Let's change that by manually configuring the ipl cpu
during a system reset, so we have full control and can demangle that code.
Also remove the superflous cpu parameter from s390_update_iplstate on the way.
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <dahi@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Now all TYPE_MACHINE subclasses use MACHINE_TYPE_NAME to generate the
class name. So instead of requiring each subclass to set
MachineClass::name manually, we can now set it automatically at the
TYPE_MACHINE class_base_init() function.
Signed-off-by: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
[AF/ehabkost: Updated for s390-ccw machines]
[AF: Cleanup of intermediate virt and vexpress name handling]
Signed-off-by: Andreas Färber <afaerber@suse.de>
Machine class names should use the "-machine" suffix to allow
class-name-based machine class lookup to work. Rename the s390-virtio
machine class using the MACHINE_TYPE_NAME macro.
Signed-off-by: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Acked-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andreas Färber <afaerber@suse.de>
Now that the calculation of the initial memory is hidden in the sclp
device, we can unify the allocation of the initial memory.
The remaining ugly part is the reserved memory for the virtio queues,
but that can be cleaned up later.
Reviewed-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <dahi@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
The restrictions for memory calculation belong to the sclp device.
Let's move the calculation to that point, so we are able to unify it for
both s390 machines. The sclp device is the first device to be initialized.
It performs the calculation and safely stores it in the machine, where
other parts of the system can access an reuse it.
The memory hotplug device is now only created when it is really needed.
Reviewed-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <dahi@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
That machine type doesn't currently support memory hotplug, so let's abort
if it is requested. Reason is, that the virtio queues are allocated for now
at the end of the initial ram - extending the ram is therefore not possible.
Reviewed-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <dahi@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
s390 guest initialization is modified to make use of new s390-storage-keys
device. Old code that globally allocated storage key array is removed.
The new device enables storage key access for kvm guests.
Cache storage key QOM objects in frequently used helper functions to avoid a
performance hit every time we use one of these functions.
Reviewed-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <dahi@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason J. Herne <jjherne@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
In particular, don't include it into headers.
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
In particular, don't include it into headers.
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
These macros expand into error class enumeration constant, comma,
string. Unclean. Has been that way since commit 13f59ae.
The error class is always ERROR_CLASS_GENERIC_ERROR since the previous
commit.
Clean up as follows:
* Prepend every use of a QERR_ macro by ERROR_CLASS_GENERIC_ERROR, and
delete it from the QERR_ macro. No change after preprocessing.
* Rewrite error_set(ERROR_CLASS_GENERIC_ERROR, ...) into
error_setg(...). Again, no change after preprocessing.
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
We now finally have TCG support for the basic set of instructions necessary
to run the s390-ccw machine. That means in any aspect possible that machine
type is now superior to the legacy s390-virtio machine.
Switch over to the ccw machine as default. That way people don't get a halfway
broken machine with the s390x target.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Aurelien Jarno <aurelien@aurel32.net>
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Feature updates are not a synchronuous operation for the legacy
s390-virtio transport. This transport syncs the guest feature bits
(those from finalize) on the set_status hypercall. Before that qemu
thinks that features are zero, which means QEMU will misbehave, e.g.
it will not write the event index, even if the guest asks for it.
Let's detect the case where a kick happens before the driver is ready
and force sync the features.
With this workaround, it is now safe to switch to the common feature
bit handling code as used by all other transports.
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Switch all the uses of ld/st*_phys to address_space_ld/st*,
except for those cases where the address space is the CPU's
(ie cs->as). This was done with the following script which
generates a Coccinelle patch.
A few over-80-columns lines in the result were rewrapped by
hand where Coccinelle failed to do the wrapping automatically,
as well as one location where it didn't put a line-continuation
'\' when wrapping lines on a change made to a match inside
a macro definition.
===begin===
#!/bin/sh -e
# Usage:
# ./ldst-phys.spatch.sh > ldst-phys.spatch
# spatch -sp_file ldst-phys.spatch -dir . | sed -e '/^+/s/\t/ /g' > out.patch
# patch -p1 < out.patch
for FN in ub uw_le uw_be l_le l_be q_le q_be uw l q; do
cat <<EOF
@ cpu_matches_ld_${FN} @
expression E1,E2;
identifier as;
@@
ld${FN}_phys(E1->as,E2)
@ other_matches_ld_${FN} depends on !cpu_matches_ld_${FN} @
expression E1,E2;
@@
-ld${FN}_phys(E1,E2)
+address_space_ld${FN}(E1,E2, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED, NULL)
EOF
done
for FN in b w_le w_be l_le l_be q_le q_be w l q; do
cat <<EOF
@ cpu_matches_st_${FN} @
expression E1,E2,E3;
identifier as;
@@
st${FN}_phys(E1->as,E2,E3)
@ other_matches_st_${FN} depends on !cpu_matches_st_${FN} @
expression E1,E2,E3;
@@
-st${FN}_phys(E1,E2,E3)
+address_space_st${FN}(E1,E2,E3, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED, NULL)
EOF
done
===endit===
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Edgar E. Iglesias <edgar.iglesias@xilinx.com>
Reviewed-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Synchronizes the guest TOD clock across a migration by sending the guest TOD
clock value to the destination system. If the guest TOD clock is not preserved
across a migration then the guest's view of time will snap backwards if the
destination host clock is behind the source host clock. This will cause the
guest to hang immediately upon resuming on the destination system.
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <dahi@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason J. Herne <jjherne@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Freimann <jfrei@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Message-Id: <1425912968-54387-1-git-send-email-jfrei@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
To support dynamically updating the IPL device from inside the KVM
guest on the s390 platform, DIAG 308 instruction is intercepted
in QEMU to handle the request.
Subcode 5 allows to specify a new boot device, which is saved for
later in the s390_ipl device. This also allows to switch from an
external kernel to a boot device.
Subcode 6 retrieves boot device configuration that has been previously
set.
Reviewed-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <dahi@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Freimann <jfrei@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Fan Zhang <zhangfan@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
We will need bios support in order to be able to support selecting a
different boot device via diagnose 308 in the ccw machine, so let's
make the bios mandatory for the ccw machine.
Reviewed-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <dahi@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Freimann <jfrei@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Fan Zhang <zhangfan@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Device models should access their block backends only through the
block-backend.h API. Convert them, and drop direct includes of
inappropriate headers.
Just four uses of BlockDriverState are left:
* The Xen paravirtual block device backend (xen_disk.c) opens images
itself when set up via xenbus, bypassing blockdev.c. I figure it
should go through qmp_blockdev_add() instead.
* Device model "usb-storage" prompts for keys. No other device model
does, and this one probably shouldn't do it, either.
* ide_issue_trim_cb() uses bdrv_aio_discard() instead of
blk_aio_discard() because it fishes its backend out of a BlockAIOCB,
which has only the BlockDriverState.
* PC87312State has an unused BlockDriverState[] member.
The next two commits take care of the latter two.
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Until now, when a s390 cpu was stopped or halted, the number of running
CPUs was tracked in a global variable. This was problematic for migration,
so Jason came up with a per-cpu running state.
As it turns out, we want to track the full logical state of a target vcpu,
so we need real s390 cpu states.
This patch is based on an initial patch by Jason Herne, but was heavily
rewritten when adding the cpu states STOPPED and OPERATING. On the way we
move add_del_running to cpu.c (the declaration is already in cpu.h) and
modify the users where appropriate.
Please note that the cpu is still set to be stopped when it is
halted, which is wrong. This will be fixed in the next patch. The LOAD and
CHECK-STOP state will not be used in the first step.
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <dahi@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[folded Jason's patch into David's patch to avoid add/remove same lines]
Signed-off-by: Jens Freimann <jfrei@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
CC: Andreas Faerber <afaerber@suse.de>
Tested-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Add parameter errp to memory_region_init_ram and update all call sites
to pass in &error_abort.
Signed-off-by: Hu Tao <hutao@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Crosthwaite <peter.crosthwaite@xilinx.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Although s390-virtio won't support memory hotplug, it should
enforce the same memory boundaries so that it can use shared codepaths
(like read_SCP_info).
Signed-off-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
This implements an NMI interface for s390 and s390-ccw machines.
This removes #ifdef s390 branch in qmp_inject_nmi so new s390's
nmi_monitor_handler() callback is going to be used for NMI.
Since nmi_monitor_handler()-calling code is platform independent,
CPUState::cpu_index is used instead of S390CPU::env.cpu_num.
There should not be any change in behaviour as both @cpu_index and
@cpu_num are global CPU numbers.
Note that s390_cpu_restart() already takes care of the specified cpu,
so we don't need to schedule via async_run_on_cpu().
Since the only error s390_cpu_restart() can return is ENOSYS, convert
it to QERR_UNSUPPORTED.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Kardashevskiy <aik@ozlabs.ru>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
This converts s390-virtio and s390-ccw-virtio machines to QOM MachineClass.
This brings ability to add interfaces to the machine classes. The first
interface for addition will be NMI.
The patch is mechanical so no change in behavior is expected.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Kardashevskiy <aik@ozlabs.ru>
Reviewed-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Total removal of QEMUMachineInitArgs struct. QEMUMachineInitArgs's fields
are copied into MachineState. Removed duplicated fields from MachineState.
All the other changes are only mechanical refactoring, no semantic changes.
Signed-off-by: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel.a@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com> (s390)
Reviewed-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> (PC)
[AF: Renamed ms -> machine, use MACHINE_GET_CLASS()]
Signed-off-by: Andreas Färber <afaerber@suse.de>
This patch implements a floating-interrupt controller device (flic)
which interacts with the s390 flic kvm_device.
Signed-off-by: Jens Freimann <jfrei@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
We set default boot order "cad" in every single machine definition
except "pseries" and "moxiesim", even though very few boards actually
care for boot order, and "cad" makes sense for even fewer.
Machines that care:
* pc and its variants
Accept up to three letters 'a', 'b' (undocumented alias for 'a'),
'c', 'd' and 'n'. Reject all others (fatal with -boot).
* nseries (n800, n810)
Check whether order starts with 'n'. Silently ignored otherwise.
* prep, g3beige, mac99
Extract the first character the machine understands (subset of
'a'..'f'). Silently ignored otherwise.
* spapr
Accept an arbitrary string (vl.c restricts it to contain only
'a'..'p', no duplicates).
* sun4[mdc]
Use the first character. Silently ignored otherwise.
Strip characters these machines ignore from their default boot order.
For all other machines, remove the unused default boot order
alltogether.
Note that my rename of QEMUMachine member boot_order to
default_boot_order and QEMUMachineInitArgs member boot_device to
boot_order has a welcome side effect: it makes every use of boot
orders visible in this patch, for easy review.
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
'dprintf' is the name of a POSIX standard function so we should not be
stealing it for our debug macro. Rename to 'DPRINTF' (in line with
a number of other source files.)
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Färber <afaerber@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: MORITA Kazutaka <morita.kazutaka@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Acked-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Acked-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Message-id: 1375100199-13934-3-git-send-email-peter.maydell@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
We have a virtio-s390 and a virtio-ccw machine in QEMU. Both use vastly
different ways to do I/O. Having the same firmware blob for both doesn't
really make any sense.
Instead, let's parametrize the firmware file name, so that we can have
different blobs for different machines.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
Minor fixes to documentation and code comments.
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Many of these should be cleaned up with proper qdev-/QOM-ification.
Right now there are many catch-all headers in include/hw/ARCH depending
on cpu.h, and this makes it necessary to compile these files per-target.
However, fixing this does not belong in these patches.
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Both fields are used in VMState, thus need to be moved together.
Explicitly zero them on reset since they were located before
breakpoints.
Pass PowerPCCPU to kvmppc_handle_halt().
Signed-off-by: Andreas Färber <afaerber@suse.de>
This prepares for moving the halted field to CPUState.
Most call sites can already supply S390CPU, for some env becomes unused.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Färber <afaerber@suse.de>
Acked-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
s390_virtio_bus_find_mem() may return a NULL VirtIOS390Device.
If called with, e.g., args[0] == 0, this leads to a segfault.
Fix this by adding error handling as done for other hypercalls.
Present since baf0b55a9e (Implement
virtio reset).
Signed-off-by: Andreas Färber <afaerber@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
This moves all files only used by s390 system emulation to hw/s390x.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>