Now that we have both ArchCPU and CPUArchState, we can define
this generically instead of via macro in each target's cpu.h.
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Alistair Francis <alistair.francis@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Let's add all HWCAPs that we can support under TCG right now, when the
respective CPU facilities are enabled.
Cc: Riku Voipio <riku.voipio@iki.fi>
Cc: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
Cc: Cornelia Huck <cohuck@redhat.com>
Cc: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
Cc: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
For those hosts with SHMLBA > getpagesize, we don't automatically
select a guest address that is compatible with the host. We can
achieve this by boosting the alignment of guest_base and by adding
an extra alignment argument to mmap_find_vma.
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-Id: <20190519201953.20161-13-richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
Sanitize interp_info structure in load_elf_binary() and, for MIPS only,
init its field fp_abi to MIPS_ABI_FP_UNKNOWN. This fixes appearances of
"Unexpected FPU mode" message in some MIPS use cases. Currently, this
bug is a complete stopper for some MIPS binaries.
In load_elf_binary(), struct image_info interp_info is used without
being properly initialized. One result is that when the ELF's program
header doesn't contain an entry for the ABI flags, then the value of
the struct image_info's fp_abi field is set to whatever happened to
be in stack memory at the time.
Backporting to 4.0 and, if possible, to 3.1 is recommended.
Fixes: https://bugs.launchpad.net/qemu/+bug/1825002
Signed-off-by: Daniel Santos <daniel.santos@pobox.com>
Signed-off-by: Aleksandar Markovic <amarkovic@wavecomp.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
Message-Id: <1558282527-22183-6-git-send-email-aleksandar.markovic@rt-rk.com>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
Use a better interface for random numbers than rand * 16.
Reviewed-by: Laurent Vivier <lvivier@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Some PT_LOAD segments may be completely zeroed out and their p_filesize
is zero, in that case the loader should just allocate a page that's at
least p_memsz bytes large (plus eventual alignment padding).
Calling zero_bss does this job for us, all we have to do is make sure we
don't try to mmap a zero-length page.
Signed-off-by: Giuseppe Musacchio <thatlemon@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Message-Id: <20190503122007.lkjsvztgt4ycovac@debian>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
Fix this warning when building with GCC9 on Fedora 30:
In function ‘strncpy’,
inlined from ‘fill_psinfo’ at /home/alistair/qemu/linux-user/elfload.c:3208:12,
inlined from ‘fill_note_info’ at /home/alistair/qemu/linux-user/elfload.c:3390:5,
inlined from ‘elf_core_dump’ at /home/alistair/qemu/linux-user/elfload.c:3539:9:
/usr/include/bits/string_fortified.h:106:10: error: ‘__builtin_strncpy’ specified bound 16 equals destination size [-Werror=stringop-truncation]
106 | return __builtin___strncpy_chk (__dest, __src, __len, __bos (__dest));
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Signed-off-by: Alistair Francis <alistair.francis@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-Id: <c4d2b1de9efadcf1c900b91361af9302823a72a9.1556666645.git.alistair.francis@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
The 32-bit kernel has strings for v4, v5, v6, v7, v7m.
The 64-bit kernel, in compat mode, has strings for v8.
Fixes: https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1813034
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
Message-Id: <20190212074840.13542-2-richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20190301200501.16533-3-richard.henderson@linaro.org
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20190219222952.22183-6-richard.henderson@linaro.org
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Userspace programs should (in theory) query the ELF HWCAP before
probing these registers. Now we have implemented them all make it
public.
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20190205190224.2198-6-alex.bennee@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Most list head structs need not be given a name. In most cases the
name is given just in case one is going to use QTAILQ_LAST, QTAILQ_PREV
or reverse iteration, but this does not apply to lists of other kinds,
and even for QTAILQ in practice this is only rarely needed. In addition,
we will soon reimplement those macros completely so that they do not
need a name for the head struct. So clean up everything, not giving a
name except in the rare case where it is necessary.
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Set fp_abi and interp_fp_abi values to current fp_abi value read from
MIPS.abiflags.
Reviewed-by: Aleksandar Markovic <amarkovic@wavecomp.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Markovic <smarkovic@wavecomp.com>
Read MIPS.abiflags section from ELF file into Mips_elf_abiflags_v0 struct.
Reviewed-by: Aleksandar Markovic <amarkovic@wavecomp.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Markovic <smarkovic@wavecomp.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20181016223115.24100-9-richard.henderson@linaro.org
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20181016223115.24100-8-richard.henderson@linaro.org
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Both arm and thumb2 division are controlled by the same ISAR field,
which takes care of the arm implies thumb case. Having M imply
thumb2 division was wrong for cortex-m0, which is v6m and does not
have thumb2 at all, much less thumb2 division.
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20181016223115.24100-5-richard.henderson@linaro.org
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Most of the v8 extensions are self-contained within the ISAR
registers and are not implied by other feature bits, which
makes them the easiest to convert.
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20181016223115.24100-4-richard.henderson@linaro.org
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
If the hostpage size is greater than the TARGET_PAGESIZE, the
target-pages of size TARGET_PAGESIZE are marked valid only till the
length requested during the elfload. The glibc attempts to consume unused
space in the last page of data segment(__libc_memalign() in
elf/dl-minimal.c). If PT_LOAD p_align is greater than or
equal to hostpage size, the GLRO(dl_pagesize) is actually the host pagesize
as set in the auxillary vectors. So, there is no explicit mmap request for
the remaining target-pages on the last hostpage. The glibc assumes that
particular space as available and subsequent attempts to use
those addresses lead to crash as the target_mmap has not marked them valid
for those target-pages.
The issue is seen when trying to chroot to 16.04-x86_64 ubuntu on a PPC64
host where the fork fails to access the thread_id as it is allocated on a
page not marked valid. The recent glibc doesn't have checks for thread-id in
fork, but the issue can manifest somewhere else, none the less.
The fix here is to map all the target-pages of the hostpage during the
elfload if the p_align is greater than or equal to hostpage size, for
data segment to allow the glibc for proper consumption.
Signed-off-by: Shivaprasad G Bhat <sbhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
Message-Id: <153553435604.51992.5640085189104207249.stgit@lep8c.aus.stglabs.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
This adds the HWCAP2 bit to detect if a linux user process is
running on an ISA 3.0 compliant cpu like POWER9. This can be
verified using a simple test program that prints the value in
the auxiliary vector for AT_HWCAP2 as shown below.
Before:
$ qemu-ppc64le -cpu power8 test
0x8c000000
$ qemu-ppc64le -cpu power9 test
0x8c000000
After:
$ qemu-ppc64le -cpu power8 test
0x8c000000
$ qemu-ppc64le -cpu power9 test
0x8c800000
Signed-off-by: Sandipan Das <sandipan@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Starting from nanoMIPS introduction, machine variant can be
EM_MIPS or EM_NANOMIPS.
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Aleksandar Markovic <amarkovic@wavecomp.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Markovic <smarkovic@wavecomp.com>
When we try to use some targets on ppc64, it can happen the target
doesn't support the host page size to align ELF load sections and
fails with:
ELF load command alignment not page-aligned
Since commit a70daba377 ("linux-user: Tell guest about big host
page sizes") the host page size is used to align ELF sections, but
this doesn't work if the alignment required by the load section is
smaller than the host one. For these cases, we continue to use the
TARGET_PAGE_SIZE instead of the host one.
I have tested this change on ppc64, and it fixes qemu linux-user for:
s390x, m68k, i386, arm, aarch64, hppa
and I have tested it doesn't break the following targets:
x86_64, mips64el, sh4
mips and mipsel abort, but I think for another reason.
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
[lv: fixed "info->alignment = 0"]
Message-Id: <20180716195349.29959-1-laurent@vivier.eu>
We've already added the helpers with an SVE patch, all that remains
is to wire up the aa64 and aa32 translators. Enable the feature
within -cpu max for CONFIG_USER_ONLY.
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20180627043328.11531-36-richard.henderson@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Enable ARM_FEATURE_SVE for the generic "max" cpu.
Tested-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20180627043328.11531-35-richard.henderson@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
The insns in the ARMv8.1-Atomics are added to the existing
load/store exclusive and load/store reg opcode spaces.
Rearrange the top-level decoders for these to accomodate.
The Atomics insns themselves still generate Unallocated.
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20180508151437.4232-8-richard.henderson@linaro.org
[PMM: Drop the ARM_FEATURE_V8_1 feature flag]
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Add FDPIC info into image_info structure since interpreter info is on
stack and needs to be saved to be accessed later on.
Co-Authored-By: Mickaël Guêné <mickael.guene@st.com>
Signed-off-by: Christophe Lyon <christophe.lyon@st.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Message-Id: <20180430080404.7323-4-christophe.lyon@st.com>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
We want to avoid code disabled by default, because it ends up less
tested. This patch removes all instances of #ifdef CONFIG_USE_FDPIC,
most of which can be safely kept. For the ones that should be
conditionally executed, we define elf_is_fdpic(). Without this patch,
defining CONFIG_USE_FDPIC would prevent QEMU from building precisely
because elf_is_fdpic is not defined.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Lyon <christophe.lyon@st.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Message-Id: <20180430080404.7323-2-christophe.lyon@st.com>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
Add support for the two currently defined HWCAP bits on MIPS - R6 and
MSA.
Buglink: https://bugs.launchpad.net/qemu/+bug/1754372
Signed-off-by: James Cowgill <james.cowgill@mips.com>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
Message-Id: <20180315151348.6451-1-james.cowgill@mips.com>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
At a fixed distance after the usable memory that init_guest_space maps, for
32-bit ARM targets we also need to map a commpage. The normal
init_guest_space logic doesn't keep this in mind when searching for an
address range.
If !host_start, then try to find a big continuous segment where we can put
both the usable memory and the commpage; we then munmap that segment and
set current_start to that address; and let the normal code mmap the usable
memory and the commpage separately. That is: if we don't have hint of
where to start looking for memory, come up with one that is better than
NULL. Depending on host_size and guest_start, there may or may not be a
gap between the usable memory and the commpage, so this is slightly more
restrictive than it needs to be; but it's only a hint, so that's OK.
We only do that for !host start, because if host_start, then either:
- we got an address passed in with -B, in which case we don't want to
interfere with what the user said;
- or host_start is based off of the ELF image's loaddr. The check "if
(host_start && real_start != current_start)" suggests that we really
want lowest available address that is >= loaddr. I don't know why that
is, but I'm trusting that Paul Brook knew what he was doing when he
wrote the original version of that check in
c581deda32 way back in 2010.
Signed-off-by: Luke Shumaker <lukeshu@parabola.nu>
Message-Id: <20171228180814.9749-11-lukeshu@lukeshu.com>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
- small cleanup for xtensa registers dumping (-d cpu);
- add support for debugging linux-user process with xtensa-linux-gdb
(as opposed to xtensa-elf-gdb), which can only access unprivileged
registers;
- enable MTTCG for target/xtensa;
- cleanup in linux-user/mmap area making sure that it works correctly
with limited 30-bit-wide user address space;
- import xtensa-specific definitions from the linux kernel,
conditionalize user-only/softmmu-only code and add handlers for
signals, exceptions, process/thread creation and core registers dumping.
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----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=UCny
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge remote-tracking branch 'remotes/xtensa/tags/20180316-xtensa' into staging
target/xtensa linux-user support.
- small cleanup for xtensa registers dumping (-d cpu);
- add support for debugging linux-user process with xtensa-linux-gdb
(as opposed to xtensa-elf-gdb), which can only access unprivileged
registers;
- enable MTTCG for target/xtensa;
- cleanup in linux-user/mmap area making sure that it works correctly
with limited 30-bit-wide user address space;
- import xtensa-specific definitions from the linux kernel,
conditionalize user-only/softmmu-only code and add handlers for
signals, exceptions, process/thread creation and core registers dumping.
# gpg: Signature made Fri 16 Mar 2018 16:46:19 GMT
# gpg: using RSA key 51F9CC91F83FA044
# gpg: Good signature from "Max Filippov <filippov@cadence.com>"
# gpg: aka "Max Filippov <max.filippov@cogentembedded.com>"
# gpg: aka "Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>"
# Primary key fingerprint: 2B67 854B 98E5 327D CDEB 17D8 51F9 CC91 F83F A044
* remotes/xtensa/tags/20180316-xtensa:
MAINTAINERS: fix W: address for xtensa
qemu-binfmt-conf.sh: add qemu-xtensa
target/xtensa: add linux-user support
linux-user: drop unused target_msync function
linux-user: fix target_mprotect/target_munmap error return values
linux-user: fix assertion in shmdt
linux-user: fix mmap/munmap/mprotect/mremap/shmat
target/xtensa: support MTTCG
target/xtensa: use correct number of registers in gdbstub
target/xtensa: mark register windows in the dump
target/xtensa: dump correct physical registers
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
# Conflicts:
# linux-user/syscall.c
Import list of syscalls from the kernel source. Conditionalize code/data
that is only used with softmmu. Implement exception handlers. Implement
signal hander (only the core registers for now, no coprocessors or TIE).
Cc: Riku Voipio <riku.voipio@iki.fi>
Cc: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
Signed-off-by: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
If the ensure-alignment code gets triggered, then the
"if (host_start && real_start != current_start)" check will always trigger,
so save 2 syscalls and put that check first.
Note that we can't just switch to using MAP_FIXED for that check, because
then we couldn't differentiate between a failure because "there isn't
enough space" and "there isn't enough space *here*".
Signed-off-by: Luke Shumaker <lukeshu@parabola.nu>
Message-Id: <20171228180814.9749-9-lukeshu@lukeshu.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
Instead of doing
if (check1) {
if (check2) {
success;
}
}
retry;
Do a clearer
if (!check1) {
goto try_again;
}
if (!check2) {
goto try_again;
}
success;
try_again:
retry;
Besides being clearer, this makes it easier to insert more checks that
need to trigger a retry on check failure, or rearrange them, or anything
like that.
Because some indentation is changing, "ignore space change" may be useful
for viewing this patch.
Signed-off-by: Luke Shumaker <lukeshu@parabola.nu>
Message-Id: <20171228180814.9749-8-lukeshu@lukeshu.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
[lv: modified to try again fi valid == 0, not valid == -1 (error case)]
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
There are 3 parts to this change:
- Add a comment showing the relative sizes and positions of the blocks of
memory
- introduce and use new aligned_{start,size} instead of adjusting
real_{start_size}
- When we clean up (on failure), munmap(real_start, real_size) instead of
munmap(aligned_start, aligned_size). It *shouldn't* make any
difference, but I will admit that this does mean we are making the
syscall with different values, so this isn't quite a no-op patch.
Signed-off-by: Luke Shumaker <lukeshu@parabola.nu>
Message-Id: <20171228180814.9749-6-lukeshu@lukeshu.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
init_guest_commpage needs to check if the mapped space, which ends at
real_start+real_size overlaps with where it needs to put the commpage,
which is (assuming sane qemu_host_page_size) guest_base + 0xffff000, where
guest_base is real_start - guest_start.
[guest_base][ 0xffff0000 ][commpage]
[guest_base][guest_start][real_size] [commpage]
[ real_start ][real_size] [commpage]
^
fail if this gap < 0
Since init_guest_commpage wants to do everything relative to guest_base
(rather than real_start), it obviously needs to be comparing 0xffff0000
against guest_start+real_size, not just real_size.
This bug has been present since 806d102141 in
2012, but guest_start is usually 0, and prior to v2.11 real_size was
usually much smaller than 0xffff0000, so it was uncommon for it to have
made a difference.
Signed-off-by: Luke Shumaker <lukeshu@parabola.nu>
Message-Id: <20171228180814.9749-5-lukeshu@lukeshu.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
We'll just exit with an error anyway, so it doesn't really matter, but it
is cleaned up in all of the other places were we error out.
Signed-off-by: Luke Shumaker <lukeshu@parabola.nu>
Message-Id: <20171228180814.9749-4-lukeshu@lukeshu.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
init_guest_commpage is a much more honest description of what the function
does. validate_guest_space not only suggests that the function has no
side-effects, but also introduces confusion as to why it is only needed on
32-bit ARM targets.
Signed-off-by: Luke Shumaker <lukeshu@parabola.nu>
Message-Id: <20171228180814.9749-3-lukeshu@lukeshu.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
Instead of defining a bogus validate_guest_space that always returns 1 on
targets other than 32-bit ARM, use #if blocks to only call it on 32-bit ARM
targets. This makes the "normal" flow control clearer.
Signed-off-by: Luke Shumaker <lukeshu@parabola.nu>
Message-Id: <20171228180814.9749-2-lukeshu@lukeshu.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
[lv: fix condition to "!= 1" as requested by Peter]
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
We dropped the unicore32-linux-user target in commit 5e2b40f727
in 2016. Nobody has made any attempt to fix the issues that
caused us to drop it, so remove the associated code.
(The system emulation parts of unicore32 remain.)
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
Message-Id: <20180308144733.25615-2-peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
Implementation of linux user emulation for RISC-V.
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Sagar Karandikar <sagark@eecs.berkeley.edu>
Signed-off-by: Michael Clark <mjc@sifive.com>
Not enabled anywhere yet.
Reviewed-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20180228193125.20577-11-richard.henderson@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Not enabled anywhere yet.
Reviewed-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20180228193125.20577-2-richard.henderson@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Set the appropriate Linux hwcap bits to tell the guest binary if we
have implemented half-precision floating point support.
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Add a function to return ELF e_flags and use it
to select the CPU model.
Signed-off-by: YunQiang Su <syq@debian.org>
[lv: split the patch and some cleanup in get_elf_eflags()]
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-Id: <20180220173307.25125-3-laurent@vivier.eu>
Add support for the new ARMv8.2 SHA-3, SM3, SM4 and SHA-512 instructions to
AArch64 user mode emulation.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20180207111729.15737-6-ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Marco A L Barbosa <malbarbo@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
Message-Id: <20180111183714.22834-2-malbarbo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
In commit 7c4ee5bcc8 we changed the order in which we construct
the AUXV, but forgot to adjust the calculation of the length. The
result is that we set info->auxv_len to a bogus and negative value,
and then later on the code in open_self_auxv() gets confused and
ends up presenting the guest with an empty file.
Since we now have to calculate the auxv length up-front as part
of figuring out how much we're going to put on the stack, set
info->auxv_len then; this allows us to assert that we put the
same number of entries into auxv as we pre-calculated, rather
than merely having a comment saying we need to do that.
Fixes: https://bugs.launchpad.net/qemu/+bug/1728116
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Riku Voipio <riku.voipio@linaro.org>
The 32-bit ARM validate_guest_space() check tests whether the
specified -R value leaves enough space for us to put the
commpage in at 0xffff0f00. However it was incorrectly doing
a <= check for the check against (guest_base + guest_size),
which meant that it wasn't permitting the guest space to
butt right up against the commpage.
Fix the comparison, so that -R values all the way up to 0xffff0000
work correctly.
Reviewed-by: Emilio G. Cota <cota@braap.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Riku Voipio <riku.voipio@linaro.org>
not hit since 2009! :)
linux-user/elfload.c:1102:20: warning: Out of bound memory access (access exceeds upper limit of memory block)
(*regs[i]) = tswap32(env->gregs[i]);
~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Reported-by: Clang Static Analyzer
Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
Signed-off-by: Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
The 32-bit PPC auxv is a bit complicated because in the
mists of time it used to be 16-aligned rather than directly
after the environment. Older glibc versions had code to
try to probe for whether it needed alignment or not:
https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=blob;f=sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/powerpc/dl-sysdep.c;hb=e84eabb3871c9b39e59323bf3f6b98c2ca9d1cd0
and the kernel has code which puts some magic entries at
the bottom to ensure that the alignment probe fails:
http://elixir.free-electrons.com/linux/latest/source/arch/powerpc/include/asm/elf.h#L158
QEMU has similar code too, but it was broken by commit
7c4ee5bcc8, which changed elfload.c from filling in
the auxv starting at the highest address and working down
to starting at the lowest address and working up. This
means that the ARCH_DLINFO hook must now be invoked first
rather than last, and the entries in it for PPC must
be reversed so that the magic AT_IGNOREPPC entries come
at the lowest address in the auxv as they should.
The effect of this was that if running a guest binary that
used an old glibc with the alignment probing the guest ld.so
code would segfault if the size of the guest environment and
argv happened to put the auxv at an address that triggered
the alignment code in the guest glibc.
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Tested-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Message-id: 1498582198-6649-1-git-send-email-peter.maydell@linaro.org
Shadow registers are part of the openrisc spec along with sr[cid], as
part of the fast context switching feature. When exceptions occur,
instead of having to save registers to the stack if enabled the CID will
increment and a new set of registers will be available.
This patch only implements shadow registers which can be used as extra
scratch registers via the mfspr and mtspr if required. This is
implemented in a way where it would be easy to add on the fast context
switching, currently cid is hardcoded to 0.
This is need for openrisc linux smp kernels to boot correctly.
Signed-off-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>
Coverity doesn't like the code in load_symbols() which assumes
it can use 'int' for a variable that might hold an offset into
the guest ELF file, because in a 64-bit guest that could
overflow. Guest binaries with 2GB sections aren't very likely
and this isn't a security issue because we fully trust the
guest linux-user binary anyway, but we might as well use the
right types, which will placate Coverity. Use uint64_t to
hold section sizes, and bail out if the symbol table is too
large rather than just overflowing an int.
(Coverity issue CID1005776)
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Message-Id: <1486249533-5260-1-git-send-email-peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
This avoids having to keep merging and extracting the flag from SR.
Reviewed-by: Bastian Koppelmann <kbastian@mail.uni-paderborn.de>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Add missing bits for qemu-user required for emulating Altera Nios2
userspace binaries.
Signed-off-by: Marek Vasut <marex@denx.de>
Cc: Chris Wulff <crwulff@gmail.com>
Cc: Jeff Da Silva <jdasilva@altera.com>
Cc: Ley Foon Tan <lftan@altera.com>
Cc: Sandra Loosemore <sandra@codesourcery.com>
Cc: Yves Vandervennet <yvanderv@altera.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
Message-Id: <20170118220146.489-4-marex@denx.de>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
HPPA is a (the) stack-grows-up target, and supporting that requires
rearranging how we compute addresses while laying out the initial
program stack. In addition, hppa32 requires 64-byte stack alignment
so parameterize that as well.
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Future patches will enforce the holding of mmap_lock() when we are
manipulating internal memory structures. Technically it doesn't matter
in the case of elfload as we haven't started executing yet. However it
is easier to grab the lock when required than special case the
translate-all API.
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Message-Id: <20161027151030.20863-8-alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Only the POWER[789] CPUs should have the ARCH_206 bit set. This is what the
linux kernel does. I guess this was also the intention of commit 0e019746.
We have to make sure all *206 bits are set.
Before this patch, the flags check in the GET_FEATURES2 macro returned true
if _any_ bit was set. This worked well as long as there was only one bit
set in the 'flag' parameter. But as explained before, we have to make sure
all bits in the 'flag' parameter are set.
Signed-off-by: Michael Walle <michael@walle.cc>
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Switch to using the glib malloc functions in load_symbols();
this deals with a Coverity complaint about possible
integer overflow calculating the allocation size with
'nsyms * sizeof(*syms)'.
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Riku Voipio <riku.voipio@linaro.org>
One of the calls to dump_write() in elf_core_dump() was missing
a check for failure (spotted by Coverity). Add the check to
bring it into line with the other calls from this function.
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Riku Voipio <riku.voipio@linaro.org>
A target_mmap() call in load_elf_binary() was missing the MAP_ANONYMOUS
flag. (Spotted by Coverity, because target_mmap() will try to use
-1 as the filedescriptor in this case.)
This has never been noticed because the code in question is for
handling ancient SVr4 iBCS2 binaries.
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Riku Voipio <riku.voipio@linaro.org>
The 900cfbc just removed two unchecked uses of strdup
in fill_psinfo and missed the rest in core_dump_filename.
This patch fixes it.
Signed-off-by: Wei Jiangang <weijg.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Message-Id: <1459997185-15669-2-git-send-email-weijg.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
qemu/osdep.h checks whether MAP_ANONYMOUS is defined, but this check
is bogus without a previous inclusion of sys/mman.h. Include it in
sysemu/os-posix.h and remove it from everywhere else.
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
The #defines of ARM_cpsr and friends in linux-user/arm/target-syscall.h
can clash with versions in the system headers if building on an
ARM or AArch64 build (though this seems to be dependent on the version
of the system headers). The QEMU defines are not very useful (it's
not clear that they're intended for use with the target_pt_regs struct
rather than (say) the CPUARMState structure) and we only use them in one
function in elfload.c anyway. So just remove the #defines and directly
access regs->uregs[].
Reported-by: Christopher Covington <cov@codeaurora.org>
Tested-by: Christopher Covington <cov@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Riku Voipio <riku.voipio@linaro.org>
Move declarations out of qemu-common.h for functions declared in
utils/ files: e.g. include/qemu/path.h for utils/path.c.
Move inline functions out of qemu-common.h and into new files (e.g.
include/qemu/bcd.h)
Signed-off-by: Veronia Bahaa <veroniabahaa@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Clean up includes so that osdep.h is included first and headers
which it implies are not included manually.
This commit was created with scripts/clean-includes.
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Message-id: 1453832250-766-10-git-send-email-peter.maydell@linaro.org
Anthony reported that >4GB guests on Xen with 32bit QEMU broke after
commit 4ed023c ("Round up RAMBlock sizes to host page sizes", 2015-11-05).
In that patch sizes are masked against qemu_host_page_size/mask which
are uintptr_t, and thus 32bit on a 32bit QEMU, even though the ram space
might be bigger than 4GB on Xen.
Since ram_addr_t is not available on user-mode emulation targets, ensure
that we get a sign extension when masking away the low bits of the address.
Remove the ~10 year old scary comment that the type of these variables
is probably wrong, with another equally scary comment. The new comment
however does not have "???" in it, which is arguably an improvement.
For completeness use the alignment macros in linux-user and bsd-user
instead of manually doing an &. linux-user and bsd-user are not affected
by the Xen issue, however.
Reviewed-by: Juan Quintela <quintela@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Anthony PERARD <anthony.perard@citrix.com>
Fixes: 4ed023ce2a
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
g_new(T, n) is neater than g_malloc(sizeof(T) * n). It's also safer,
for two reasons. One, it catches multiplication overflowing size_t.
Two, it returns T * rather than void *, which lets the compiler catch
more type errors.
This commit only touches allocations with size arguments of the form
sizeof(T). Same Coccinelle semantic patch as in commit b45c03f.
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Weil <sw@weilnetz.de>
Signed-off-by: Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
Instead of creating a temporary copy for the whole environment and
the arguments, directly copy everything to the target stack.
For this to work, we have to change the order of stack creation and
copying the arguments.
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Brüns <stefan.bruens@rwth-aachen.de>
Signed-off-by: Riku Voipio <riku.voipio@linaro.org>
Rename ELF_MACHINE to be PPC specific. This is used as-is by the
various PPC bootloaders and is locally defined to ELF_MACHINE in linux
user in PPC specific ifdeffery.
This removes another architecture specific definition from the global
namespace (as desired by multi-arch).
Cc: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
Cc: qemu-ppc@nongnu.org
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Acked-By: Riku Voipio <riku.voipio@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Crosthwaite <crosthwaite.peter@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
The only generic code relying on this is linux-user. Linux user
already has a lot of #ifdef TARGET_ customisation so instead, define
ELF_ARCH as either EM_ARM or EM_AARCH64 appropriately.
The armv7m bootloader can just pass EM_ARM directly, as that
is architecture specific code. Note that arm_boot already has its own
logic selecting an arm specific elf machine so this makes V7M more
consistent with arm_boot.
This removes another architecture specific definition from the global
namespace.
Cc: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Acked-By: Riku Voipio <riku.voipio@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Crosthwaite <crosthwaite.peter@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
For many arch's this macro is defined as the predicatable behaviour
of checking the argument for eqaulity against ELF_ARCH. Provide a
default define as such, so only archs with special handling (usually
allowing multiple EM values) need to provide a def.
Arches that do any of:
1: provide this def exactly the same way as the new default
(alpha, x86_64)
2: check against ELF_MACHINE while defining ELF_ARCH == ELF_MACHINE
(arm, aarch64)
3: check against EM_FOO directly while defining ELF_ARCH == EM_FOO
(unicore32, sparc32, ppc32, mips, openrisc, sh4, cris, m86k)
have their elf_check_arch removed as the default will provide the
correct behaviour.
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Acked-By: Riku Voipio <riku.voipio@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Crosthwaite <crosthwaite.peter@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
In most (but not all) cases, ELF_MACHINE and ELF_ARCH are safely the
same. Default ELF_MACHINE to ELF_ARCH. This makes defining ELF_MACHINE
optional for target-*/cpu.h when they are known to match.
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Acked-By: Riku Voipio <riku.voipio@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Crosthwaite <crosthwaite.peter@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Add main working flow feature, system call processing feature, and elf64
tilegx binary loading feature, based on Linux kernel tilegx 64-bit
implementation.
[rth: Moved all of the implementation of atomic instructions to a later patch.]
Signed-off-by: Chen Gang <gang.chen.5i5j@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Message-Id: <BLU436-SMTP938552D42808AA60634582B9660@phx.gbl>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Many source files have doubled words (eg "the the", "to to",
and so on). Most of these can simply be removed, but a couple
were actual mis-spellings (eg "to to" instead of "to do").
There was even one triple word score "to to to" :-)
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
All tcg host architectures now support the guest base and as
there is no real performance lost, it can be always enabled.
Anyway, guest base use can be disabled lively by setting guest
base to 0.
CONFIG_USE_GUEST_BASE is defined as (USE_GUEST_BASE && USER_ONLY),
it should have to be replaced by CONFIG_USER_ONLY in non CONFIG_USER_ONLY
parts, but as some other parts are using !CONFIG_SOFTMMU I have chosen to
use !CONFIG_SOFTMMU instead.
Reviewed-by: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
Message-Id: <1440373328-9788-2-git-send-email-laurent@vivier.eu>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
TARGET_ELF_PAGESTART is required to use abi_ulong to correctly handle
addresses for different target bits width.
This patch fixes a problem when running a 64-bit user mode application
on 32-bit host machines.
Signed-off-by: Yongbok Kim <yongbok.kim@imgtec.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Riku Voipio <riku.voipio@linaro.org>
Only exposing FPU and LLSC as the only features
supported by the translator.
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Signed-off-by: Aurelien Jarno <aurelien@aurel32.net>
The _raw accessor functions are an implementation detail that has
leaked out to some callsites. Use get_user_u64() instead of ldq_raw().
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Reviewed-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Message-id: 1421334118-3287-5-git-send-email-peter.maydell@linaro.org
When computing the upper address of a program segment, do not subtract the
offset from the virtual address; instead compute the sum of the virtual address
and the memory size.
Signed-off-by: Tom Musta <tommusta@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Riku Voipio <riku.voipio@linaro.org>
The first program header does not necessarily start at offset 0. This change
corresponds to what the Linux kernel does in load_elf_binary().
Signed-off-by: Jonas Maebe <jonas.maebe@elis.ugent.be>
Signed-off-by: Riku Voipio <riku.voipio@linaro.org>
This patch introduces the -seed command line option and the
QEMU_RAND_SEED environment variable for setting the random seed, which
is used for the AT_RANDOM ELF aux entry.
Signed-off-by: Magnus Reftel <reftel@spotify.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Riku Voipio <riku.voipio@linaro.org>
The initial base address is miscalculated in walk_memory_regions().
It has to be shifted TARGET_PAGE_BITS more. Holder variables are
extended to target_ulong size otherwise they don't fit for MIPS N32
(a 32-bit ABI with a 64-bit address space) and qemu won't compile.
The issue led to incorrect debug output of memory maps and a
mis-formed coredumped file.
Signed-off-by: Mikhail Ilyin <m.ilin@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Riku Voipio <riku.voipio@linaro.org>
The get_ppc64_abi is used to determine the ELF ABI (i.e. V1 or V2). This
routine is currently implemented in the linux-user/elfload.c file but
is useful in other scenarios. Move the routine to a more generally
available location (linux-user/ppc/target_cpu.h).
Signed-off-by: Tom Musta <tommusta@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Riku Voipio <riku.voipio@linaro.org>
Set bits in the AT_HWCAP2 entry of the AUXV. Specifically, detect and set bits
for bctar, ISEL and ISA 2.07.
Signed-off-by: Tom Musta <tommusta@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
Add VSX, DFP and ISA 2.06 to the bits identified in the AT_HWCAP
entry of the AUXV.
Signed-off-by: Tom Musta <tommusta@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
Set the AT_ICACHEBSIZE and AT_DCACHEBSIZE entries of the AUXV to match the
CPU model's cache line sizes. This fixes memory clobbering problems on more
recent Book 3s implementations; memset(p, 0, N) will use the dcbz instruction
when N is sufficiently large and many of the newer server CPUs have cache lines
sizes of 128 bytes.
Signed-off-by: Tom Musta <tommusta@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
In user mode Linux, Qemu currently refuses to load ELF files that do not
contain section headers (ehdr->e_shentsize == 0). Since section headers are not
required in order to load an ELF file, simply removing the e_shentsize check in
elf_check_ehdr() allows ELF binaries with no section headers to be run properly
in user mode:
Signed-off-by: Craig Heffner <cheffner@tacnetsol.com>
Signed-off-by: Riku Voipio <riku.voipio@linaro.org>