Extract the crossbuild job templates to a new file
(crossbuild-template.yml) to be able to reuse them
without having to run all the jobs included, which
are mainly useful for mainstream CI.
Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Reviewed-by: Willian Rampazzo <willianr@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20210519185504.2198573-5-f4bug@amsat.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Extract the container job template to a new file
(container-template.yml) to be able to reuse it
without having to run all the jobs included, which
are mainly useful for mainstream CI.
Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Reviewed-by: Willian Rampazzo <willianr@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20210519185504.2198573-4-f4bug@amsat.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
We're currently only testing TCI with a 64-bit host -- also test
with a 32-bit host. Enable a selection of softmmu and user-only
targets, 32-bit LE, 64-bit LE, 32-bit BE, as there are ifdefs for each.
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Reviewed-by: Willian Rampazzo <willianr@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20210502235727.1979457-27-richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
The hexagon container is always manually built but of course not
everyone will be building it themselves and pushing to their
registries. We still need to create a "local" registry copy for the
actual gitlab tests to run. We don't build it in this case, just pull
it across from the upstream registry. We disable this rule from
running on the qemu-project itself so it doesn't accidentally wipe out
our master copy.
Fixes: 910c40ee94 ("gitlab: add build-user-hexagon test")
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Cornelia Huck <cohuck@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Willian Rampazzo <willianr@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Cc: Cornelia Huck <cohuck@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20210520174303.12310-4-alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Since c8e6793903 ("containers.yml: build with docker.py tooling") we
don't need to manually pull stuff from the upstream repository. Just
set the -r field to explicitly use that rather than the current
registry.
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Reviewed-by: Willian Rampazzo <willianr@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Message-Id: <20210520174303.12310-3-alex.bennee@linaro.org>
A newer compiler is needed to build tests for Power10 instructions. As
done for arm64 on c729a99d27, a new '-test-cross' image is created for
ppc64 and ppc64le. As done on 936fda4d77, a test for compiler support
is added to verify that the toolchain in use has '-mpower10'. Finally,
Unused images (docker-power-cross and docker-ppc64-cross) are removed.
Signed-off-by: Matheus Ferst <matheus.ferst@eldorado.org.br>
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Message-Id: <20210423205757.1752480-2-matheus.ferst@eldorado.org.br>
Message-Id: <20210512102051.12134-27-alex.bennee@linaro.org>
'extends' is an alternative to using YAML anchors
and is a little more flexible and readable. See:
https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#extends
Reviewed-by: Wainer dos Santos Moschetta <wainersm@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20210418233448.1267991-2-f4bug@amsat.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Add a new job to cross-build the mips64el target without
the TCG accelerator (IOW: only KVM accelerator enabled).
Only build the mips64el target which is known to work
and has users.
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Willian Rampazzo <willianr@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Message-Id: <20210428170410.479308-31-f4bug@amsat.org>
In d0f26e68a0 ("gitlab: force enable docs build in Fedora, Ubuntu,
Debian") we made sure we can build the documents on more than one
system. However we don't want to build documents all the time as it's
a waste of cycles (and energy). So lets reduce the total amount of
documentation we build while still keeping coverage of at least one
build on each supported target.
Fixes: a8a3abe0b3 ("gitlab: move docs and tools build across from Travis")
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Willian Rampazzo <willianr@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20210323165308.15244-23-alex.bennee@linaro.org>
This allows the build jobs to start running as soon as their respective
container image is ready, instead of waiting for all container builds
to finish.
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20210216132954.295906-3-berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Currently we attempt to skip building container images if the commits do
not involve changes to the dockerfiles or gitlab CI definitions.
Conceptually this makes sense, but there is a challenge in the real
world implementation of this in gitlab.
In the case of a CI pipeline triggered from a merge request, GitLab
knows the common ancestor of the merge request and the main git repo,
so it can trivially determine if any of the commits associated with
the MR change the dockerfiles.
In the case of a CI pipeline triggered from a push to a branch, it is
much more difficult. There is no concept of a common ancestor in this
case. Instead GitLab looks at the set of commits in the git push event.
On the surface this may sound reasonable, but it doesn't take into
account that a push event does not always contain the full set of
patches from a branch.
For example, consider pushing 5 commits, one of which contains a
dockerfile change. This will trigger a CI pipeline for the
containers. Now consider you do some more work on the branch and push 3
further commits, so you now have a branch of 8 commits. For the second
push GitLab will only look at the 3 most recent commits, the other 5
were already present. Thus GitLab will not realize that the branch has
dockerfile changes that need to trigger the container build.
This can cause real world problems:
- Push 5 commits to branch "foo", including a dockerfile change
=> rebuilds the container images with content from "foo"
=> build jobs runs against containers from "foo"
- Refresh your master branch with latest upstream master
=> rebuilds the container images with content from "master"
=> build jobs runs against containers from "master"
- Push 3 more commits to branch "foo", with no dockerfile change
=> no container rebuild triggers
=> build jobs runs against containers from "master"
The "changes" conditional in gitlab is OK, *provided* your build
jobs are not relying on any external state from previous builds.
This is NOT the case in QEMU, because we are building container
images and these are cached. This is a scenario in which the
"changes" conditional is not usuable.
The only other way to avoid this problem would be to use the git
branch name as the container image tag, instead of always using
"latest". The downside of this approach is that the user's gitlab
registry will grow significantly until it starts to trigger
GitLab's automatic deletion policy. Every time the user starts
a new branch they will have to trigger a rebuild of the container
images. Given this, we might as well just drop the conditional
and always build the container images. Most of the time docker
will be able to use the layer cache to avoid the most expensive
part of the rebuild process (installing all the RPMs/debs/etc)
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20210216132954.295906-2-berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Add build-system-opensuse jobs and opensuse-leap.docker dockerfile.
Use openSUSE Leap 15.2 container image in the gitlab-CI.
Signed-off-by: Cho, Yu-Chen <acho@suse.com>
Tested-by: Wainer dos Santos Moschetta <wainersm@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Wainer dos Santos Moschetta <wainersm@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20201229085046.8536-1-acho@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
After adding some missing packages, it's possible to check 32-bit
builds and tests with the fedora-i386-cross container in the gitlab-CI,
too. Unfortunately, the code in subprojects/ ignores the --extra-cflags
(on purpose), so the vhost-user part has to be disabled for this.
While we're at it, update the container to Fedora 31. Unfortunately the
gcc from the later versions emits some very dubious format-truncation
warnings, so Fedora 32 and 33 are currently unsuitable for this job.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Wainer dos Santos Moschetta <wainersm@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20201215083451.92322-1-thuth@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Otherwise we miss coverage of KVM support in the cross build. To
balance it out add arm-softmmu (no kvm, subset of aarch64),
cris-softmmu and ppc-softmmu to the exclude list which do get coverage
elsewhere.
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Wainer dos Santos Moschetta <wainersm@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20201210190417.31673-3-alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Cross-build ARM and X86 targets with only Xen accelerator enabled.
Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20201207131503.3858889-6-philmd@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Cross-build s390x target with only KVM accelerator enabled.
Reviewed-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20201207131503.3858889-5-philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Introduce a job template to cross-build accelerator specific
jobs (enable a specific accelerator, disabling the others).
The specific accelerator is selected by the $ACCEL environment
variable (default to KVM).
Extra options such disabling other accelerators are passed
via the $ACCEL_CONFIGURE_OPTS environment variable.
Reviewed-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20201207131503.3858889-4-philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
'extends' is an alternative to using YAML anchors
and is a little more flexible and readable. See:
https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#extends
More importantly it allows exploding YAML jobs.
Reviewed-by: Wainer dos Santos Moschetta <wainersm@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20201207131503.3858889-3-philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Update containers.yml to use the $CI_REGISTRY variable as other files
such as edk2.yml do.
Signed-off-by: Rebecca Cran <rebecca@nuviainc.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20201113172519.31056-1-rebecca@nuviainc.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
We don't need running commentary for the CI logs and by keeping it
short we might just see the problem on the first page. While we are at
it flush the previous line so order is maintained between script and
sub process.
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20201113174404.19608-1-alex.bennee@linaro.org>
If the current branch is synced to the current upstream git master,
there are no commits that need checking. This causes checkpatch.pl
to print an error that it found no commits. We need to avoid calling
checkpatch.pl in this case.
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20201019143537.283094-2-berrange@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20201021163136.27324-5-alex.bennee@linaro.org>
While checkpatch.pl can validate DCO sign off that job must always be
advisory only since it is expected that certain patches will fail some
code style rules.
We require the DCO sign off to be mandatory for all commits though, so
it benefits from being validated in a standalone job.
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200918132903.1848939-3-berrange@redhat.com>
[thuth: Use "stage: build" to let it run earlier]
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
This job is advisory since it is expected that certain patches will fail
the style checks and checkpatch.pl provides no way to mark exceptions to
the rules.
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200918132903.1848939-2-berrange@redhat.com>
[thuth: Use "stage: build" to let it run earlier]
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Some of the cross-compiler builds (the mips build and the win64 build
for example) are quite slow and sometimes hit the 1h time limit.
Increase the limit a little bit to make sure that we do not get failures
in the CI runs just because of some few minutes.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200921174320.46062-7-thuth@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200925154027.12672-15-alex.bennee@linaro.org>
We do not support Debian 9 in QEMU anymore, and the Debian 9 containers
are now no longer used in the gitlab-CI. Time to remove them.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Message-Id: <20200921174320.46062-6-thuth@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200925154027.12672-14-alex.bennee@linaro.org>
We do not support Debian 9 anymore, thus update the Tricore container
to Debian 10 now.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Message-Id: <20200921174320.46062-4-thuth@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200925154027.12672-12-alex.bennee@linaro.org>
According to our support policy, Debian 9 is not supported by the
QEMU project anymore. Since we now switched the MinGW cross-compiler
builds to Fedora, we do not need these Debian9-based containers
in the gitlab-CI anymore, and can now also get rid of the "layer3"
container build stage this way.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200921174320.46062-3-thuth@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200925154027.12672-11-alex.bennee@linaro.org>
According to our support policy, we do not support Debian 9 in QEMU
anymore, and we only support building the Windows binaries with a
very recent version of the MinGW toolchain. So we should not test
the MinGW cross-compilation with Debian 9 anymore, but switch to
something newer like Fedora. To do this, we need a separate Fedora
container for each build that provides the QEMU_CONFIGURE_OPTS
environment variable.
Unfortunately, the MinGW 64-bit compiler seems to be a little bit
slow, so we also have to disable some features like "capstone" in the
build here to make sure that the CI pipelines still finish within a
reasonable amount of time.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Message-Id: <20200921174320.46062-2-thuth@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200925154027.12672-10-alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Now that we can use all our QEMU test containers in the gitlab-CI, we can
easily add some jobs that test cross-compilation for various architectures.
There is just only small ugliness: Since the shared runners on gitlab.com
are single-threaded, we have to split each compilation job into two parts
(--disable-user and --disable-system), and exclude some additional targets,
to avoid that the jobs are running too long and hitting the timeout of 1 h.
Message-Id: <20200823111757.72002-8-thuth@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
This updates the GitLab CI opensbi job to build opensbi bios images
for the generic platform.
Signed-off-by: Bin Meng <bin.meng@windriver.com>
Reviewed-by: Anup Patel <anup@brainfault.org>
Reviewed-by: Alistair Francis <alistair.francis@wdc.com>
Message-Id: <1596439832-29238-7-git-send-email-bmeng.cn@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alistair Francis <alistair.francis@wdc.com>
The tests/docker/* wildcard seems to only match the files that are directly
in the tests/docker folder - but changes to the files in the directory
tests/docker/dockerfiles are currently ignored. Seems like we need a
separate entry to match the files in that folder. With this wildcard added,
the stages now get re-run successfully when something in the dockerfiles
has been changed.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Message-Id: <20200713182235.30379-1-thuth@redhat.com>
Instead of building the docker files directly use the same docker.py
scripting as we do for building locally. This should help ensure we
use the exact same steps and allow us to cache properly when building
locally.
To get this working you have to have a fairly recent docker binary
otherwise you will see the error message:
=> ERROR importing cache manifest from registry.gitlab....
So far docker 19.03.12 works (from the docker apt repos) but 18.09.1,
build 4c52b90 which is packaged in Debian Buster fails.
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Message-Id: <20200701135652.1366-39-alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Most of the time we are just rebuilding the same things. We can skip
this although currently there is no mechanism for picking up new
distro releases.
Rather than try to be too fine grained allow any change to trigger all
the images being rebuilt.
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200701135652.1366-38-alex.bennee@linaro.org>
We happily use all the cross images for both cross-building QEMU as
well as building the linux-user tests. However calling docker from
within docker seems not to work. As we can build in Debian anyway why
not include an image that has all the compilers available for
non-docker invocation.
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200701135652.1366-33-alex.bennee@linaro.org>
According to the documentation to be able to use --cache-from for
remote registries you need to enable both buildkit and inline the
metadata. We want to do this to support pulling from gitlab when users
build their local docker images.
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Message-Id: <20200701135652.1366-24-alex.bennee@linaro.org>
We have a number of container images in tests/docker/dockerfiles
that are intended to provide well defined environments for doing
test builds. We want our CI system to use these containers too.
This introduces builds of all of them as the first stage in the
CI, so that the built containers are available for later build
jobs. The containers are setup to use the GitLab container
registry as the cache, so we only pay the penalty of the full
build when the dockerfiles change. The main qemu-project/qemu
repo is used as a second cache, so that users forking QEMU will
see a fast turnaround time on their CI jobs.
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200622153318.751107-3-berrange@redhat.com>
[AJB: tweak the tag format]
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200701135652.1366-22-alex.bennee@linaro.org>
If no stage is listed, jobs get put in an implicit "test" stage.
Some jobs which create container images to be used by later stages
are currently listed as in a "build" stages.
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200622153318.751107-2-berrange@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200701135652.1366-21-alex.bennee@linaro.org>
The edk2.yml and opensbi.yml files have recently been moved/renamed,
but the change has not been reflected in the rules in the YML files
yet.
Fixes: 922febe2af ("Move edk2 and opensbi YAML files to .gitlab-ci.d folder")
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200625151627.24986-1-thuth@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200701135652.1366-20-alex.bennee@linaro.org>
We have a dedicated folder for the gitlab-ci - so there is no need
to clutter the top directory with these .yml files.
Message-Id: <20200525131823.715-5-thuth@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Add two GitLab jobs to build the OpenSBI firmware binaries.
The first job builds a Docker image with the packages requisite
to build OpenSBI, and stores this image in the GitLab registry.
The second job pulls the image from the registry and builds the
OpenSBI firmware binaries.
The docker image is only rebuilt if the GitLab YAML or the
Dockerfile is updated. The second job is only built when the
roms/opensbi/ submodule is updated, when a git-ref starts with
'opensbi' or when the last commit contains 'OpenSBI'. The files
generated are archived in the artifacts.zip file.
With OpenSBI v0.6, it took 2 minutes 56 seconds to build
the docker image, and 1 minute 24 seconds to generate the
artifacts.zip with the firmware binaries (filesize: 111KiB).
See: https://gitlab.com/lbmeng/qemu/pipelines/120520138
Suggested-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Bin Meng <bmeng.cn@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmerdabbelt@google.com>
Add two GitLab job to build the EDK2 firmware binaries.
The first job build a Docker image with the packages requisite
to build EDK2, and store this image in the GitLab registry.
The second job pull the image from the registry and build the
EDK2 firmware binaries.
The docker image is only rebuilt if the GitLab YAML or the
Dockerfile is updated.
The second job is only built when the roms/edk2/ submodule is
updated, when a git-ref starts with 'edk2' or when the last
commit contains 'EDK2'. The files generated are archived in
the artifacts.zip file.
With edk2-stable201905, it took 2 minutes 52 seconds to build
the docker image, and 36 minutes 28 seconds to generate the
artifacts.zip with the firmware binaries (filesize: 10MiB).
See: https://gitlab.com/philmd/qemu/pipelines/107553178
Reviewed-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
