Type "hubport" is valid only with -netdev. Unfortunately, that's
detected late and the error message doesn't explain why:
$ qemu-system-i386 -net hubport,id=foo,hubid=0
qemu-system-i386: -net hubport,id=foo,hubid=0: Device 'hubport' could not be initialized
Improve the error message to "Parameter 'type' expects a net type".
Not fixed: -net hubport without the parameters required by -netdev
hubport still asks for those parameters:
$ qemu-system-i386 -net hubport
qemu-system-i386: -net hubport: Parameter 'hubid' is missing
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Message-id: 1431691143-1015-2-git-send-email-armbru@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
We can use this in virtio-net code as well as new Rocker driver code, so
up-level this.
Signed-off-by: Scott Feldman <sfeldma@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Message-id: 1426306173-24884-2-git-send-email-sfeldma@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Using net_host_check_device is unnecessary. qemu_del_net_client asserts
for the non-peer case that it can only process NIC type NetClientStates,
and that assertion is valid for the peered case as well, so move it and
use the same check in net_host_device_remove. host_net_remove_completion
is already checking the type.
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com>
Message-id: 1419353600-30519-2-git-send-email-pbonzini@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
qemu_opt_set() is a wrapper around qemu_opt_set() that reports the
error with qerror_report_err().
Most of its users assume the function can't fail. Make them use
qemu_opt_set_err() with &error_abort, so that should the assumption
ever break, it'll break noisily.
Just two users remain, in util/qemu-config.c. Switch them to
qemu_opt_set_err() as well, then rename qemu_opt_set_err() to
qemu_opt_set().
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Return the Error object instead of reporting it with
qerror_report_err().
Change callers that assume the function can't fail to pass
&error_abort, so that should the assumption ever break, it'll break
noisily.
Turns out all callers outside its unit test assume that. We could
drop the Error ** argument, but that would make the interface less
regular, so don't.
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Some are called do_info_SUBCOMMAND() (old ones, usually), some
hmp_info_SUBCOMMAND(), some SUBCOMMAND_info(), sometimes SUBCOMMAND
pointlessly differs in spelling.
Normalize to hmp_info_SUBCOMMAND(), where SUBCOMMAND is exactly the
subcommand name with '-' replaced by '_'.
Exceptions:
* sun4m_irq_info(), sun4m_pic_info() renamed to sun4m_hmp_info_irq(),
sun4m_hmp_info_pic().
* lm32_irq_info(), lm32_pic_info() renamed to lm32_hmp_info_irq(),
lm32_hmp_info_pic().
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Some are called do_COMMAND() (old ones, usually), some hmp_COMMAND(),
and sometimes COMMAND pointlessly differs in spelling.
Normalize to hmp_COMMAND(), where COMMAND is exactly the command name
with '-' replaced by '_'.
Exceptions:
* do_device_add() and client_migrate_info() *not* renamed to
hmp_device_add(), hmp_client_migrate_info(), because they're also
QMP handlers. They still need to be converted to QAPI.
* do_memory_dump(), do_physical_memory_dump(), do_ioport_read(),
do_ioport_write() renamed do hmp_* instead of hmp_x(), hmp_xp(),
hmp_i(), hmp_o(), because those names are too cryptic for my taste.
* do_info_help() renamed to hmp_info_help() instead of hmp_info(),
because it only covers help.
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
qerror_report_err() is a transitional interface to help with
converting existing monitor commands to QMP. It should not be used
elsewhere. Replace by error_report_err() in HMP command handler
hmp_host_net_add() and initial startup helpers net_init_client(),
net_init_netdev(). Keep it in QMP command handler qmp_netdev_add().
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
We should del hub port when peer is deleted since it will not be reused
and will only be freed during exit.
Signed-off-by: Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com>
Message-id: 1422860798-17495-3-git-send-email-jasowang@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
This completes all packets, ensuring that callbacks
will not run when VM is stopped.
Cc: qemu-stable@nongnu.org
Cc: Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
For all NICs(except virtio-net) emulated by qemu,
Such as e1000, rtl8139, pcnet and ne2k_pci,
Qemu can still receive packets when VM is not running.
If this happened in *migration's* last PAUSE VM stage, but
before the end of the migration, the new receiving packets will possibly dirty
parts of RAM which has been cached in *iovec*(will be sent asynchronously) and
dirty parts of new RAM which will be missed.
This will lead serious network fault in VM.
To avoid this, we forbid receiving packets in generic net code when
VM is not running.
Bug reproduction steps:
(1) Start a VM which configured at least one NIC
(2) In VM, open several Terminal and do *Ping IP -i 0.1*
(3) Migrate the VM repeatedly between two Hosts
And the *PING* command in VM will very likely fail with message:
'Destination HOST Unreachable', the NIC in VM will stay unavailable unless you
run 'service network restart'
Signed-off-by: zhanghailiang <zhang.zhanghailiang@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Juan Quintela <quintela@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
The mmsghdr struct is only introduced in Linux 2.6.32; add a
configure check for it and disable L2TPV3 on hosts which are
too old to provide it, rather than simply failing to compile.
Reported-by: chenliang <chenliang88@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Gonglei <arei.gonglei@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Message-id: 1404219488-11196-1-git-send-email-arei.gonglei@huawei.com
[PMM: cleaned up commit message and corrected kernel version number]
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
It indicates the number of elements in ncs field and makes sense to have
int inside NICPeers. Also in parse_netdev we do not need to access
container and work with NICPeers only.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Pirko <jiri@resnulli.us>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
This transport allows to connect a QEMU nic to a static Ethernet
over L2TPv3 tunnel. The transport supports all options present
in the Linux kernel implementation. It allows QEMU to connect
to any Linux host running kernel 3.3+, most routers and network
devices as well as other QEMU instances.
[Fixed up net_client_init1() switch statement to support -netdev
--Stefan]
Signed-off-by: Anton Ivanov <antivano@cisco.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
The supplied chardev id will be inspected for supported options. Only
a socket backend, with a set path (i.e. a Unix socket) and optionally
the server parameter set, will be allowed. Other options (nowait, telnet)
will make the chardev unusable and the netdev will not be initialised.
Additional checks for validity:
- requires `-numa node,memdev=..`
- requires `-device virtio-net-*`
The `vhostforce` option is used to force vhost-net when we deal with
non-MSIX guests.
Signed-off-by: Antonios Motakis <a.motakis@virtualopensystems.com>
Signed-off-by: Nikolay Nikolaev <n.nikolaev@virtualopensystems.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Make it possible to query all net clients without specifying an ID when calling
qemu_find_net_clients_except().
This also adds the add_completion_option() function which is to be used for
other commands completions as well.
Signed-off-by: Hani Benhabiles <hani@linux.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
Using error_is_set(errp) that way can sweep programming errors under
the carpet when we get called incorrectly with an error set.
qmp_query_rx_filter() breaks its loop when it detects an error. It
needs to set another error when the loop completes normally.
Return right away instead of merely breaking the loop.
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
With a client name, the QMP command is specified to return a list of
one element. This isn't locally obvious in the code. Make it so.
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Also convert nearby monitor_printf() call to error_report().
Signed-off-by: Hani Benhabiles <hani@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
The virtio_net offload APIs are used on the NIC's peer (i.e. the tap
device). The API was defined to implicitly use nc->peer, saving the
caller the trouble.
This wasn't ideal because:
1. There are callers who have the peer but not the NIC. Currently they
are forced to bypass the API and access peer->info->... directly.
2. The rest of the net.h API uses nc, not nc->peer, so it is
inconsistent.
This patch pushes nc->peer back up to callers.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Some new callbacks have been added to generalize the operations done
by virtio-net and vmxnet3 frontends to manipulate TAP offloadings.
Signed-off-by: Vincenzo Maffione <v.maffione@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
error_is_set(&var) is the same as var != NULL, but it takes
whole-program analysis to figure that out. Unnecessarily hard for
optimizers, static checkers, and human readers. Dumb it down to
obvious.
Gets rid of several dozen Coverity false positives.
Note that the obvious form is already used in many places.
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Färber <afaerber@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
assign_name() in net/net.c is using snprintf + g_strdup to get the same
result as g_strdup_printf.
Signed-off-by: Hani Benhabiles <kroosec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
This improves readability and simplifies the code.
Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@amazon.com>
Cc: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Cc: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Weil <sw@weilnetz.de>
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
When a link change occurs on a backend (like tap), we currently do
not propage such change to the nic. As a result, when someone turns
off a link on a tap device, for instance, then a guest doesn't see
that change and continues to try to send traffic or run DHCP even
though the lower-layer is disconnected. This is OK when the network
is set up as a HUB since the the guest may be connected to other HUB
ports too, but when it's set up as a netdev, it makes thinkgs worse.
The patch addresses this by setting the peers link down only when the
peer is not a HUBPORT device. With this patch, in the following config
-netdev tap,id=net0 -device e1000,mac=XXXXX,netdev=net0
when net0 link is turned off, the guest e1000 shows lower-layer link
down. This allows guests to boot much faster in such configurations.
With windows guest, it also allows the network to recover properly
since windows will not configure the link-local IPv4 address, and
when the link is turned on, the proper address address is configured.
Signed-off-by: Vlad Yasevich <vyasevic@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
This patch adds support for a network backend based on netmap.
netmap is a framework for high speed packet I/O. You can use it
to build extremely fast traffic generators, monitors, software
switches or network middleboxes. Its companion software switch
VALE lets you interconnect virtual machines.
netmap and VALE are implemented as a non-intrusive kernel module,
support NICs from multiple vendors, are part of standard FreeBSD
distributions and available in source format for Linux too.
To compile QEMU with netmap support, use the following configure
options:
./configure [...] --enable-netmap --extra-cflags=-I/path/to/netmap/sys
where "/path/to/netmap" contains the netmap source code, available at
http://info.iet.unipi.it/~luigi/netmap/
The same webpage contains more information about the netmap project
(together with papers and presentations).
Signed-off-by: Vincenzo Maffione <v.maffione@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Do not return after net_hub_flush(). Always flush callee network client
incoming queue.
Signed-off-by: Sergey Fedorov <s.fedorov@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
[Assigning a multicast MAC address to a NIC leads to confusing behavior.
Reject multicast MAC addresses so users are alerted to their error
straight away.
The "net/eth.h" in6_addr rename prevents a name collision with
<netinet/in.h> on Linux.
-- Stefan]
Signed-off-by: Dmitry V. Krivenok <krivenok.dmitry@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Amos Kong <kongjianjun@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Each networking client has a queue for packets that could not yet be
delivered to that client. Calling this queue "send_queue" is highly
confusing as it has nothing to to with packets send from this client but
to it. Avoid this confusing by renaming it to "incoming_queue".
Signed-off-by: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
include/qemu/timer.h has no need to include main-loop.h and
doing so causes an issue for the next patch. Unfortunately
various files assume including timers.h will pull in main-loop.h.
Untangle this mess.
Signed-off-by: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Currently macvtap based macvlan device is working in promiscuous
mode, we want to implement mac-programming over macvtap through
Libvirt for better performance.
Design:
QEMU notifies Libvirt when rx-filter config is changed in guest,
then Libvirt query the rx-filter information by a monitor command,
and sync the change to macvtap device. Related rx-filter config
of the nic contains main mac, rx-mode items and vlan table.
This patch adds a QMP event to notify management of rx-filter change,
and adds a monitor command for management to query rx-filter
information.
Test:
If we repeatedly add/remove vlan, and change macaddr of vlan
interfaces in guest by a loop script.
Result:
The events will flood the QMP client(management), management takes
too much resource to process the events.
Event_throttle API (set rate to 1 ms) can avoid the events to flood
QMP client, but it could cause an unexpected delay (~1ms), guests
guests normally expect rx-filter updates immediately.
So we use a flag for each nic to avoid events flooding, the event
is emitted once until the query command is executed. The flag
implementation could not introduce unexpected delay.
There maybe exist an uncontrollable delay if we let Libvirt do the
real change, guests normally expect rx-filter updates immediately.
But it's another separate issue, we can investigate it when the
work in Libvirt side is done.
Michael S. Tsirkin: tweaked to enable events on start
Michael S. Tsirkin: fixed not to crash when no id
Michael S. Tsirkin: fold in patch:
"additional fixes for mac-programming feature"
Amos Kong: always notify QMP client if mactable is changed
Amos Kong: return NULL list if no net client supports rx-filter query
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Amos Kong <akong@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
assign_name() creates a name MODEL.NUM, where MODEL is the client's model,
and NUM is the number of MODELs that already exist.
Markus added NIC naming for non-VLAN clients in commit 53e51d85.
commit d33d93b2 incorrectly added a judgement of net-hub. It caused
net clients created with -netdev get same names.
eg:
# qemu-upstream -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=h1 -netdev tap,id=h1 \
-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=h2 -netdev tap,id=h2 ..
(qemu) info network
virtio-net-pci.0: index=0,type=nic,model=virtio-net-pci,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56
\ h1: index=0,type=tap,ifname=tap0,script=/etc/qemu-ifup,downscript=/etc/qemu-ifdown
virtio-net-pci.0: index=0,type=nic,model=virtio-net-pci,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:57
\ h2: index=0,type=tap,ifname=tap1,script=/etc/qemu-ifup,downscript=/etc/qemu-ifdown
This patch removed the check of nic-hub, and created unique names for
all net clients that have same model.
v2: update commitlog & comments
Signed-off-by: Amos Kong <akong@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Socket buffer sizes were hard-coded to 4K for VDE and socket netdevs. Bump this
up to 68K (ala tap netdev) to handle maximum GSO packet size (64k) plus plenty
of room for the ethernet and virtio_net headers.
Originally, ran into this limitation when using -netdev UDP sockets to connect
VM-to-VM, where VM interface is configure with MTU=9000. (Using virtio_net
NIC model). Test is simple: ping -M do -s 8500 <target>. This test will
attempt to ping with unfragmented packet of given size. Without patch, size
is limited to < 4K (minus protocol hdrs). With patch, ping test works with pkt
size up to 9000 (again, minus protocol hdrs).
v2: per Stefan, increase buf size to (4096+65536) as done in tap and apply
to vde and socket netdevs.
v1: increase buf size to 12K just for -netdev UDP sockets
Signed-off-by: Scott Feldman <sfeldma@cumulusnetworks.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Edivaldo reports a problem that the array of NetClientState in NICState is too
large - MAX_QUEUE_NUM(1024) which will wastes memory even if multiqueue is not
used.
Instead of static arrays, solving this issue by allocating the queues on demand
for both the NetClientState array in NICState and VirtIONetQueue array in
VirtIONet.
Tested by myself, with single virtio-net-pci device. The memory allocation is
almost the same as when multiqueue is not merged.
Cc: Edivaldo de Araujo Pereira <edivaldoapereira@yahoo.com.br>
Cc: qemu-stable@nongnu.org
Signed-off-by: Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
When frontend and backend are connected through a hub as below
(showing only one direction), and the frontend (or in general, all
output ports of the hub) cannot accept more traffic, the backend
queues packets in queue-A.
When the frontend (or in general, one output port) becomes ready again,
quemu tries to flush packets from queue-B, which is unfortunately empty.
e1000.0 <--[queue B]-- hub0port0(hub)hub0port1 <--[queue A]-- tap.0
To fix this i propose to introduce a new function net_hub_flush()
which is called when trying to flush a queue connected to a hub.
Signed-off-by: Luigi Rizzo <rizzo@iet.unipi.it>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
The pSeries machine and some other devices don't supply a cleanup
callback. Revert part of 1ceef9f273 that
started calling it unconditionally.
Cc: Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andreas Färber <afaerber@suse.de>
Message-id: 1360707366-9271-1-git-send-email-afaerber@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
1ceef9f273 added handling for cleaning
up multiple queues in qemu_del_nic() for cases where multiqueue is in
use. To determine the number of queues it looks at nic->conf->queues,
then iterates through all the queues to cleanup the associated
NetClientStates. If no queues are found, no NetClientStates are deleted.
However, nic->conf->queues is only set when a peer is created via
-netdev or netdev_add, and is otherwise 0. This causes us to spin in
net_cleanup() if we attempt to shut down qemu before adding a host
device.
Since qemu_new_nic() unconditionally creates at least 1
queue/NetClientState at queue idx 0, make qemu_del_nic() always attempt
to clean it up.
Signed-off-by: Michael Roth <mdroth@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
This patch adds basic multiqueue support for qemu. The idea is simple, an array
of NetClientStates were introduced in NICState, parse_netdev() were extended to
find and match all NetClientStates belongs to the backend and place their
pointers in NICConf. Then qemu_new_nic can setup a N:N mapping between NICStates
that belongs to a nic and NICStates belongs to the netdev. And a queue_index
were introduced in NetClientState to track its index. After this, each peers of
a NICState were abstracted as a queue.
After this change, all NetClientState that belongs to the same backend/nic has
the same id. When use want to change the link status, all NetClientStates that
belongs to the same backend/nic will be also changed. When user want to delete
a device or netdev, all NetClientStates that belongs to the same backend/nic
will be deleted also. Changing or deleting an specific queue is not allowed.
Signed-off-by: Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
To allow allocating an array of NetClientState and free it once, this patch
introduces destructor of NetClientState. Which could do type specific free,
which could be used by multiqueue to free the array once.
Signed-off-by: Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
This patch separates the setup of NetClientState from its allocation, this will
allow allocating an arrays of NetClientState and does the initialization one by
one which is what multiqueue needs.
Signed-off-by: Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
In multiqueue, all NetClientState that belongs to the same netdev or nic has the
same id. So this patches introduces an helper qemu_find_net_clients_except()
which finds all NetClientState with the same id. This will be used by multiqueue
networking.
Signed-off-by: Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
To support multiqueue nic, this patch separate the nic destructor from
qemu_del_net_client() to a new helper qemu_del_nic() since the mapping bettween
NiCState and NetClientState were not 1:1 in multiqueue. The following patches
would refactor this function to support multiqueue nic.
Signed-off-by: Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
To support multiqueue, this patch introduces a helper qemu_get_nic() to get
NICState from a NetClientState. The following patches would refactor this helper
to support multiqueue.
Signed-off-by: Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
To support multiqueue, the patch introduce a helper qemu_get_queue()
which is used to get the NetClientState of a device. The following patches would
refactor this helper to support multiqueue.
Signed-off-by: Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
This patch change all info call back function to take
additional QDict * parameter, which allow those command
take parameter. Now it is set to NULL at default case.
Signed-off-by: Wenchao Xia <xiawenc@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
Move public headers to include/net, and leave private headers in net/.
Put the virtio headers in include/net/tap.h, removing the multiple copies
that existed. Leave include/net/tap.h as the interface for NICs, and
net/tap_int.h as the interface for OS-specific parts of the tap backend.
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
