Refcounts can theoretically be of type uint64_t; in order to be able to
represent the full range, qcow2_get_refcount() cannot use a single
variable to represent both all refcount values and also keep some values
reserved for errors.
One solution would be to add an Error pointer parameter to
qcow2_get_refcount(); however, no caller could (currently) pass that
error message, so it would have to be emitted immediately and be
passed to the next caller by returning -EIO or something similar.
Therefore, an Error parameter does not offer any advantages here.
The solution applied by this patch is simpler to use. Because no caller
would be able to pass the error message, they would have to print it and
free it, whereas with this patch the caller only needs to pass the
returned integer (which is often a no-op from the code perspective,
because that integer will be stored in a variable "ret" which will be
returned by the fail path of many callers).
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
This adds checks for unaligned L2 table offsets and unaligned data
cluster offsets (actually the preallocated offsets for zero clusters) to
the zero cluster expansion function.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
In qcow2_alloc_cluster_offset(), *num is limited to
INT_MAX >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS by all callers. However, since remaining is
of type uint64_t, we might as well cast *num to that type before
performing the shift.
Cc: qemu-stable@nongnu.org
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Currently, we have a bitmap for keeping track of which clusters have
been created during the zero cluster expansion process. This was
necessary because we need to properly increase the refcount for shared
L2 tables.
However, now we can simply take the L2 refcount and use it for the
cluster allocated for expansion. This will be the correct refcount and
therefore we don't have to remember that cluster having been allocated
any more.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Benoît Canet <benoit.canet@nodalink.com>
Reviewed-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Benoit Canet <benoit@irqsave.net>
Message-id: 1414404776-4919-7-git-send-email-mreitz@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
The only really time-consuming operation potentially performed by
qcow2_amend_options() is zero cluster expansion when downgrading qcow2
images from compat=1.1 to compat=0.10, so report status of that
operation and that operation only through the status CB.
For this, approximate the progress as the number of L1 entries visited
during the operation.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Benoît Canet <benoit.canet@nodalink.com>
Reviewed-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Benoit Canet <benoit@irqsave.net>
Message-id: 1414404776-4919-5-git-send-email-mreitz@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Normally, discarded sectors should read back as zero. However, there are
cases in which a sector (or rather cluster) should be discarded as if
they were never written in the first place, that is, reading them should
fall through to the backing file again.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Message-id: 1414159063-25977-2-git-send-email-mreitz@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
While writing an L1 table sector, qcow2_write_l1_entry() copies the
respective range from s->l1_table to the local "buf" array. The size of
s->l1_table does not have to be a multiple of L1_ENTRIES_PER_SECTOR;
thus, limit the index which is used for copying all entries to the L1
size.
Cc: qemu-stable@nongnu.org
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Lieven <pl@kamp.de>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Offsets taken from the L1, L2 and refcount tables are generally assumed
to be correctly aligned. However, this cannot be guaranteed if the image
has been written to by something different than qemu, thus check all
offsets taken from these tables for correct cluster alignment.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Message-id: 1409926039-29044-5-git-send-email-mreitz@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
g_new(T, n) is neater than g_malloc(sizeof(T) * n). It's also safer,
for two reasons. One, it catches multiplication overflowing size_t.
Two, it returns T * rather than void *, which lets the compiler catch
more type errors.
Patch created with Coccinelle, with two manual changes on top:
* Add const to bdrv_iterate_format() to keep the types straight
* Convert the allocation in bdrv_drop_intermediate(), which Coccinelle
inexplicably misses
Coccinelle semantic patch:
@@
type T;
@@
-g_malloc(sizeof(T))
+g_new(T, 1)
@@
type T;
@@
-g_try_malloc(sizeof(T))
+g_try_new(T, 1)
@@
type T;
@@
-g_malloc0(sizeof(T))
+g_new0(T, 1)
@@
type T;
@@
-g_try_malloc0(sizeof(T))
+g_try_new0(T, 1)
@@
type T;
expression n;
@@
-g_malloc(sizeof(T) * (n))
+g_new(T, n)
@@
type T;
expression n;
@@
-g_try_malloc(sizeof(T) * (n))
+g_try_new(T, n)
@@
type T;
expression n;
@@
-g_malloc0(sizeof(T) * (n))
+g_new0(T, n)
@@
type T;
expression n;
@@
-g_try_malloc0(sizeof(T) * (n))
+g_try_new0(T, n)
@@
type T;
expression p, n;
@@
-g_realloc(p, sizeof(T) * (n))
+g_renew(T, p, n)
@@
type T;
expression p, n;
@@
-g_try_realloc(p, sizeof(T) * (n))
+g_try_renew(T, p, n)
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Cody <jcody@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
qcow2_alloc_cluster_offset() uses host_offset == 0 as "no preferred
offset" for the (data) cluster range to be allocated. However, this
offset is actually valid and may be allocated on images with a corrupted
refcount table or first refcount block.
In this case, the corruption prevention should normally catch that
write anyway (because it would overwrite the image header). But since 0
is a special value here, the function assumes that nothing has been
allocated at all which it asserts against.
Because this condition is not qemu's fault but rather that of a broken
image, it shouldn't throw an assertion but rather mark the image corrupt
and show an appropriate message, which this patch does by calling the
corruption check earlier than it would be called normally (before the
assertion).
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Some code in the block layer makes potentially huge allocations. Failure
is not completely unexpected there, so avoid aborting qemu and handle
out-of-memory situations gracefully.
This patch addresses the allocations in the qcow2 block driver.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
This triggers if bs->drv becomes NULL in a concurrent request. This is
currently only the case when corruption prevention kicks in (i.e. at
most once per image, and after that it produces I/O errors).
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
First, new_l1_size is an int64_t, whereas min_size is a uint64_t.
Therefore, during the loop which adjusts new_l1_size until it equals or
exceeds min_size, new_l1_size might overflow and become negative. The
comparison in the loop condition however will take it as an unsigned
value (because min_size is unsigned) and therefore recognize it as
exceeding min_size. Therefore, the loop is left with a negative
new_l1_size, which is not correct. This could be fixed by making
new_l1_size uint64_t.
On the other hand, however, by doing this, the while loop may take
forever. If min_size is e.g. UINT64_MAX, it will take new_l1_size
probably multiple overflows to reach the exact same value (if it reaches
it at all). Then, right after the loop, new_l1_size will be recognized
as being too big anyway.
Both problems require a ridiculously high min_size value, which is very
unlikely to occur; but both problems are also simply avoided by checking
whether min_size is sane before calculating new_l1_size (which should
still be checked separately, though).
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
discard_single_l2() should not implement its own version of
qcow2_get_cluster_type(), but rather rely on this already existing
function. By doing so, it will work for compressed clusters as well
(which it did not so far).
Also, rename "old_offset" to "old_l2_entry", as both are quite different
(and the value is indeed of the latter kind).
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
When qcow2_get_cluster_offset() sees a zero cluster in a version 2
image, it (rightfully) returns an error. But in doing so it shouldn't
leak an L2 table cache reference.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
bs->total_sectors is not the highest possible sector number that could
be involved in a copy on write operation: VM state is after the end of
the virtual disk. This resulted in wrong values for the number of
sectors to be copied (n).
The code that checks for the end of the image isn't required any more
because the code hasn't been calling the block layer's bdrv_read() for a
long time; instead, it directly calls qcow2_readv(), which doesn't error
out on VM state sector numbers.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
The size in bytes is assigned to an int later, so check that instead of
the number of entries.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Before dereferencing bs->drv for a call to its member bdrv_co_readv(),
copy_sectors() should check whether that pointer is indeed valid, since
it may have been set to NULL by e.g. a concurrent write triggering the
corruption prevention mechanism.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Instead of making the backing file contents visible again after a discard
request, set the zero flag if possible (i.e. on version >= 3).
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
n_start can be actually calculated from offset. The number of
sectors to be allocated(n_end - n_start) can be passed in in
num. By removing n_start and n_end, we can save two parameters.
The side effect is there is a bug in qcow2.c:preallocate() that
passes incorrect n_start to qcow2_alloc_cluster_offset() is
fixed. The bug can be triggerred by a larger cluster size than
the default value(65536), for example:
./qemu-img create -f qcow2 \
-o 'cluster_size=131072,preallocation=metadata' file.img 4G
Signed-off-by: Hu Tao <hutao@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Benoit Canet <benoit@irqsave.net>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
if multiple sectors spanning multiple clusters are read the
function count_contiguous_clusters should ensure that the
cluster type should not change between the clusters.
Especially the for-loop should break when we have one
or more normal clusters followed by a compressed cluster.
Unfortunately the wrong macro was used in the mask to
compare the flags.
This was discovered while debugging a data corruption
issue when converting a compressed qcow2 image to raw.
qemu-img reads 2MB chunks which span multiple clusters.
CC: qemu-stable@nongnu.org
Signed-off-by: Peter Lieven <pl@kamp.de>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Replace the legacy cpu_to_be64wu() with stq_be_p().
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Reviewed-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Message-id: 1383669517-25598-9-git-send-email-peter.maydell@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@amazon.com>
In qcow2_check_metadata_overlap and qcow2_pre_write_overlap_check,
change the parameter signifying the checks to perform from its current
positive form to a negative one, i.e., it will no longer explicitly
specify every check to perform but rather a mask of checks not to
perform.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
If an error occurs in l2_allocate, the allocated (but unused) L2 cluster
should be freed.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Benoit Canet <benoit@irqsave.net>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Switching the L1 table in memory should be an atomic operation, as far
as possible. Calling qcow2_free_clusters on the old L1 table on disk is
not a good idea when the old L1 table is no longer valid and the address
to the new one hasn't yet been written into the corresponding
BDRVQcowState field. To be more specific, this can lead to segfaults due
to qcow2_check_metadata_overlap trying to access the L1 table during the
free operation.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
All callers pass start = 0, and it's doubtful if any other value would
actually do what you expect. Remove the parameter.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Cody <jcody@redhat.com>
Compressed clusters can never be contiguous, therefore the corresponding
flag does not need to be given explicitly to count_contiguous_clusters.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
The function is not intended to be used on compressed clusters and will
not work correctly, if used anyway, since L2E_OFFSET_MASK is not the
right mask for determining the offset of compressed clusters. Therefore,
assert that the first cluster is not compressed and always include the
compression flag in the mask of significant flags, i.e., stop the search
as soon as a compressed cluster occurs.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
In expand_zero_clusters_in_l1, a new cluster is only allocated if it was
not already preallocated. On error, such preallocated clusters should
not be freed, but only the newly allocated ones.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Just returning -errno in some cases prevents
trace_qcow2_l2_allocate_done from being executed (and, in one case, also
the unused allocated L2 table from being freed). Always going down the
error path fixes this.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
In l2_allocate, the fail path is executed if qcow2_cache_flush fails.
However, the L2 table has not yet been fetched from the L2 table cache.
The qcow2_cache_put in the fail path therefore basically gives an
undefined argument as the L2 table address (in this case).
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Since the expanded_clusters bitmap is addressed using host offsets in
the underlying image file, the correct size to use for allocating the
bitmap is not determined by the guest disk image but by the underlying
host image file.
Furthermore, this size may change during the expansion due to cluster
allocations on growable image files. In this case, the bitmap needs to
be resized as well to reflect the growth.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
If qcow2_alloc_cluster_link_l2 is called with a QCowL2Meta describing a
request crossing L2 boundaries, a buffer overflow will occur. This is
impossible right now since such requests are never generated (every
request is shortened to L2 boundaries before) and probably also
completely unintended (considering the name "QCowL2Meta"), however, it
is still worth an assertion.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Add functionality for expanding zero clusters. This is necessary for
downgrading the image version to one without zero cluster support.
For non-backed images, this function may also just discard zero clusters
instead of truly expanding them.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
The function will be used internally instead of only being called for
guest discard requests.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Since the OFLAG_COPIED checks are now executed after the refcounts have
been repaired (if repairing), it is safe to assume that they are correct
but the OFLAG_COPIED flag may be not. Therefore, if its value differs
from what it should be (considering the according refcount), that
discrepancy can be repaired by correctly setting (or clearing that flag.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
The pre-write overlap check function is now called before most of the
qcow2 writes (aborting it on collision or other error).
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
This optimises the discard operation for freed clusters by batching
discard requests (both snapshot deletion and bdrv_discard end up
updating the refcounts cluster by cluster).
Note that we don't discard asynchronously, but keep s->lock held. This
is to avoid that a freed cluster is reallocated and written to while the
discard is still in flight.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
This adds a refcount update reason to all callers of update_refcounts(),
so that a follow-up patch can use this information to decide whether
clusters that reach a refcount of 0 should be discarded in the image
file.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
This catches the situation that is described in the bug report at
https://bugs.launchpad.net/qemu/+bug/865518 and goes like this:
$ qemu-img create -f qcow2 huge.qcow2 $((1024*1024))T
Formatting 'huge.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 size=1152921504606846976 encryption=off cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off
$ qemu-io /tmp/huge.qcow2 -c "write $((1024*1024*1024*1024*1024*1024 - 1024)) 512"
Segmentation fault
With this patch applied the segfault will be avoided, however the case
will still fail, though gracefully:
$ qemu-img create -f qcow2 /tmp/huge.qcow2 $((1024*1024))T
Formatting 'huge.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 size=1152921504606846976 encryption=off cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off
qemu-img: The image size is too large for file format 'qcow2'
Note that even long before these overflow checks kick in, you get
insanely high memory usage (up to INT_MAX * sizeof(uint64_t) = 16 GB for
the L1 table), so with somewhat smaller image sizes you'll probably see
qemu aborting for a failed g_malloc().
If you need huge image sizes, you should increase the cluster size to
the maximum of 2 MB in order to get higher limits.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Instead of just checking once in exactly this order if there are
dependendies, non-COW clusters and new allocation, this starts looping
around these. This way we can, for example, gather non-COW clusters after
new allocations as long as the host cluster offsets stay contiguous.
Once handle_dependencies() is extended so that COW areas of in-flight
allocations can be overwritten, this allows to continue with gathering
other clusters (we wouldn't be able to do that without this change
because we would have missed a possible second dependency in one of the
next clusters).
This means that in the typical sequential write case, we can combine the
COW overwrite of one cluster with the allocation of the next cluster as
soon as something like Delayed COW gets actually implemented. It is only
by avoiding splitting requests this way that Delayed COW actually starts
improving performance noticably.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
This patch is mainly to separate the indentation change from the
semantic changes. All that really changes here is that everything moves
into a while loop, all 'goto done' become 'break' and at the end of the
loop a new 'break is inserted.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Instead of expecting a single l2meta, have a list of them. This allows
to still have a single I/O request for the guest data, even though
multiple l2meta may be needed in order to describe both a COW overwrite
and a new cluster allocation (typical sequential write case).
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
This gets rid of the nb_clusters and keep_clusters and the associated
complicated calculations. Just advance the number of bytes that have
been processed and everything is fine.
This patch advances the variables even after the last operation even
though they aren't used any more afterwards to make things look more
uniform. A later patch will turn the whole thing into a loop and then
it actually starts making sense.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
This makes handle_alloc() and handle_copied() return byte-granularity
host offsets instead of returning always the cluster start. This is
required so that qcow2_alloc_cluster_offset() can stop aligning
everything to cluster boundaries.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Look only for clusters that start at a given physical offset.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Now *bytes is used to return the length of the area that can be written
to without performing an allocation or COW.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
handle_copied() uses its bytes parameter now to determine how many
clusters it should try to find.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Things can be simplified a bit now. No semantic changes.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
The interface works completely on a byte granularity now and duplicated
parameters are removed.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
handle_alloc() is now called with the offset at which the actual new
allocation starts instead of the offset at which the whole write request
starts, part of which may already be processed.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
We already communicate the same information in *bytes.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
This moves some code that prepares the allocation of new clusters to
where the actual allocation happens. This is the minimum required to be
able to move it to a separate function in the next patch.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
This is a more precise description of what really constitutes a
dependency. The behaviour doesn't change at this point because the COW
area of the old request is still aligned to cluster boundaries and
therefore an overlap is detected wheneven the requests touch any part of
the same cluster.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
The old code detected an overlapping allocation even when the
allocations didn't actually overlap, but were only adjacent.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Handling overlapping allocations isn't just a detail of cluster
allocation. It is rather one of three ways to get the host cluster
offset for a write request:
1. If a request overlaps an in-flight allocations, the cluster offset
can be taken from there (this is what handle_dependencies will evolve
into) or the request must just wait until the allocation has
completed. Accessing the L2 is not valid in this case, it has
outdated information.
2. Outside overlapping areas, check the clusters that can be written to
as they are, with no COW involved.
3. If a COW is required, allocate new clusters
Changing the code to reflect this doesn't change the behaviour because
overlaps cannot exist for clusters that are kept in step 2. It does
however make it easier for later patches to work on clusters that belong
to an allocation that is still in flight.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Otherwise, live migration of the top layer will miss zero clusters and
let the backing file show through. This also matches what is done in qed.
QCOW2_CLUSTER_ZERO clusters are invalid in v2 image files. Check this
directly in qcow2_get_cluster_offset instead of replicating the test
everywhere.
Cc: qemu-stable@nongnu.org
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
qcow2 images now accept a boolean lazy_refcounts options. Use it like
this:
-drive file=test.qcow2,lazy_refcounts=on
If the option is specified on the command line, it overrides the default
specified by the qcow2 header flags that were set when creating the
image.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
This is closer to where the dirty flag is really needed, and it avoids
having checks for special cases related to cluster allocation directly
in the writev loop.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Even for writes to already allocated clusters, an l2meta is allocated,
though it stays effectively unused. After this patch, only allocating
requests still have one. Each l2meta now describes an in-flight request
that writes to clusters that are not yet hooked up in the L2 table.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
There's no real reason to have an l2meta for normal requests that don't
allocate anything. Before we can get rid of it, we must return the host
cluster offset in a different way.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
This makes it easier to address the areas for which a COW must be
performed. As a nice side effect, the COW code in
qcow2_alloc_cluster_link_l2 becomes really trivial.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
The offset within the cluster is already present as n_start and this is
what the code uses. QCowL2Meta.offset is only needed at a cluster
granularity.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Lazy refcounts is a performance optimization for qcow2 that postpones
refcount metadata updates and instead marks the image dirty. In the
case of crash or power failure the image will be left in a dirty state
and repaired next time it is opened.
Reducing metadata I/O is important for cache=writethrough and
cache=directsync because these modes guarantee that data is on disk
after each write (hence we cannot take advantage of caching updates in
RAM). Refcount metadata is not needed for guest->file block address
translation and therefore does not need to be on-disk at the time of
write completion - this is the motivation behind the lazy refcount
optimization.
The lazy refcount optimization must be enabled at image creation time:
qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o compat=1.1,lazy_refcounts=on a.qcow2 10G
qemu-system-x86_64 -drive if=virtio,file=a.qcow2,cache=writethrough
Update qemu-iotests 031 and 036 since the extension header size changes
when we add feature bit table entries.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
avail_sectors should really be the number of sectors from the start of
the allocation, not from the start of the write request.
We're lucky enough that this mistake didn't cause any real bug.
avail_sectors is only used in the intialiser of QCowL2Meta:
.nb_available = MIN(requested_sectors, avail_sectors),
m->nb_available in turn is only used for COW at the end of the
allocation. A COW occurs only if the request wasn't cluster aligned,
which in turn would imply that requested_sectors was less than
avail_sectors (both in the original and in the fixed version). In this
case avail_sectors is ignored and therefore the mistake doesn't cause
any misbehaviour.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
copy_sectors() always uses the sum (cluster_offset + n_start) or
(start_sect + n_start), so if some value is added to both cluster_offset
and start_sect, and subtracted from n_start, it's cancelled out anyway.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Commit 3948d1d4 removed the pointer argument we filled in with l2_offset
but forgot to remove the unnecessary l2_offset assignment.
Signed-off-by: Zhi Yong Wu <wuzhy@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Some gcc versions seem not to be able to figure out that the switch
statement covers all possible values and that c is therefore always
initialised. Add a default branch for them.
Reported-by: malc <av1474@comtv.ru>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: malc <av1474@comtv.ru>
When using qcow2_alloc_clusters_at(), the cluster allocation code
checked the wrong variable for an error code.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
This fixes a regression introduced in commit 250196f1. The bug leads to
data corruption, found during an Autotest run with a Fedora 8 guest.
Consider a write request whose first part is covered by an already
allocated cluster, but additional clusters need to be newly allocated.
When counting the number of clusters to allocate, the qcow2 code would
decide to do COW for all remaining clusters of the write request, even
if some of them are already allocated.
If during this COW operation another write request is issued that touches
the same cluster, it will still refer to the old cluster. When the COW
completes, the first request will update the L2 table and the second
write request will be lost. Note that the requests need not overlap, it's
enough for them to touch the same cluster.
This patch ensures that only clusters that really require COW are
considered for allocation. In this case any other request writing to the
same cluster will be an allocating write and gets serialised.
Reported-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
If cache references are held while the coroutine has yielded, the cache
may get used up and abort() when it can't find a free entry.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
count_cow_clusters() tries to reuse existing functions, and all it
achieves is to make things much more complicated than they really are:
Everything needs COW, unless it's a normal cluster with refcount 1.
This patch implements the obvious way of doing this, and by using
qcow2_get_cluster_type() it gets rid of all flag magic.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
This changes the still existing places that assume that the only flags
are QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED and QCOW_OFLAG_COMPRESSED to properly mask out
reserved bits.
It does not convert bdrv_check yet.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
qcow2_alloc_compressed_cluster_offset() already fails if the copied flag
is set, because qcow2_write_compressed() doesn't perform COW as it would
have to do to allow this.
However, what we really want to check here is whether the cluster is
allocated or not. With internal snapshots the copied flag may not be set
on allocated clusters. Check the cluster offset instead.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Until now, count_contiguous_clusters() has an argument that allowed to
specify flags that should be ignored in the comparison, i.e. that are
allowed to change between contiguous clusters.
This patch changes the function so that it ignores all flags by default
now and you need to pass the flags on which it should stop.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
With this change, reading from a qcow2 image ignores all reserved bits
that are set in an L1 or L2 table entry.
Now get_cluster_offset() assigns *cluster_offset only the offset without
any other flags. The cluster type is not longer encoded in the offset,
but a positive return value in case of success.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
If do_alloc_cluster_offset() fails, the error handling code tried to
remove the request from the in-flight queue, to which it wasn't added
yet, resulting in a NULL pointer dereference.
m->nb_clusters really only becomes != 0 when the request is in the list.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Since everything goes through the cache, callers don't use the L2 table
offset any more.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
If the first part of a write request is allocated, but the second isn't
and it can be allocated so that the resulting area is contiguous, handle
it at once. This is a common case for sequential writes.
After this patch, alloc_cluster_offset() only checks if the clusters are
already allocated or how many new clusters can be allocated contigouosly.
The actual cluster allocation is split off into a new function
do_alloc_cluster_offset().
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
A BlockDriverState should not issue requests on itself through the
public block layer interface. Nested, or reentrant, requests are
problematic because they do I/O throttling and request tracking twice.
Features like block layer copy-on-read use request tracking to avoid
race conditions between concurrent requests. The reentrant request will
have to "wait" for its parent request to complete. But the parent is
waiting for the reentrant request to make progress so we have reached
deadlock.
The solution is for block drivers to avoid the public block layer
interfaces for reentrant requests. Instead they should call their own
internal functions if they wish to perform reentrant requests.
This is also a good opportunity to make copy_sectors() a true
coroutine_fn. That means calling bdrv_co_writev() instead of
bdrv_write(). Behavior is unchanged but we're being explicit that this
executes in coroutine context.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Unlocking during COW allows for more parallelism. One change it requires is
that buffers are dynamically allocated instead of just using a per-image
buffer.
While touching the code, drop the synchronous qcow2_read() function and replace
it by a bdrv_read() call.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
If during allocation of compressed clusters the cluster was already allocated
uncompressed, fail and properly release the l2_table (the latter avoids a
failed assertion).
While at it, make it return some real error numbers instead of -1.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Dong Xu Wang <wdongxu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
QCowL2Meta::offset is not cluster aligned but only sector aligned
however nb_clusters count cluster from cluster start.
This fix range check. Note that old code have no corruption issues
related to this check cause it only cause intersection to occur
when shouldn't.
Signed-off-by: Frediano Ziglio <freddy77@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
QCow2Meta structure was inserted into list before many fields are
initialized. Currently is not a problem cause all occur in a lock
but if qcow2_alloc_clusters would in a future unlock this lock
some issues could arise.
Initializing fields before inserting fix the problem.
Signed-off-by: Frediano Ziglio <freddy77@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Documentation states the num is measured in clusters, but its
actually measured in sectors
Signed-off-by: Devin Nakamura <devin122@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
If qcow2_cache_put returns an error during cluster allocation and the
allocation fails, it must be removed from the list of in-flight allocations.
Otherwise we'd get a loop in the list when the ACB is used for the next
allocation.
Luckily, this qcow2_cache_put shouldn't fail anyway because the L2 table is
only read, so that qcow2_cache_put doesn't even involve I/O.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
This fixes memory leaks that may be caused by I/O errors during L1 table growth
(can happen during save_vm) and in qemu-img check.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
When copying L2 tables (this happens only with internal snapshots), the order
wasn't completely safe, so that after a crash you could end up with a L2 table
that has too low refcount, possibly leading to corruption in the long run.
This patch puts the operations in the right order: First allocate the new
L2 table and replace the reference, and only then decrease the refcount of the
old table.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
When reading a compressed cluster failed, qcow2 falsely returned success.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
This adds a bdrv_discard function to qcow2 that frees the discarded clusters.
It does not yet pass the discard on to the underlying file system driver, but
the space can be reused by future writes to the image.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
qcow2 calls bdrv_flush() after performing COW in order to ensure that the
L2 table change is never written before the copy is safe on disk. Now that the
L2 table is cached, we can wait with flushing until we write out the next L2
table.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
cpu_to_be64w() is called with an obviously non-aligned pointer. Use
cpu_to_be64wu() instead. It fixes unaligned accesses errors on IA64
hosts.
Cc: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Aurelien Jarno <aurelien@aurel32.net>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
It doesn't really make sense for functions in qcow2.c to be named
qcow_ so convert the names to match correctly.
Signed-off-by: Jes Sorensen <Jes.Sorensen@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
The cache content may be destroyed after a failed read, better not use it any
more.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The L1 table grow operation includes a size calculation that bumps up
the new L1 table size in order to anticipate the size needs of vmstate
data. This helps reduce the number of times that the L1 table has to be
grown when vmstate data is appended.
This size overhead is not necessary during image creation,
bdrv_truncate(), or snapshot goto operations. In fact, existing
qemu-iotests that exercise table growth are no longer able to trigger it
because image creation preallocates an L1 table that is too large after
changes to qcow_create2().
This patch keeps the size calculation but also adds exact growth for
callers that do not want to inflate the L1 table size unnecessarily.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
qcow2 used to use bounce buffers for any AIO requests. This does not only imply
unnecessary copying, but also unbounded allocations which should be avoided.
This patch removes bounce buffers from the normal AIO read path, and constrains
them to a constant size for encrypted images.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
We always have a sync for the refcount update when a new cluster is
allocated. If we move this past the COW, we can save an additional sync.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
When a new cluster was allocated, we only need a flush after the write to the
L2 table if it was a COW and we need to decrease the refcounts of the old
clusters.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
If writing the L1 table to disk failed, we need to restore its old content in
memory to avoid inconsistencies.
Reported-by: Juan Quintela <quintela@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
qcow2_get_cluster_offset() looks up a given virtual disk offset and returns the
offset of the corresponding cluster in the image file. Errors (e.g. L2 table
can't be read) are currenctly indicated by a return value of 0, which is
unfortuately the same as for any unallocated cluster. So in effect we can't
check for errors.
This makes the old return value a by-reference parameter and returns the usual
0/-errno error code.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
l2_allocate has some intermediate states in which the image is inconsistent.
Change the order to write to the L1 table only after the new L2 table has
successfully been initialized.
Also reset the L2 cache in failure case, it's very likely wrong.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
If the L2 table was already updated in cache, but writing it to disk has
failed, we must not continue using the changed version in the cache to stay
consistent with what's on the disk.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Format drivers shouldn't need to bother with things like file names, but rather
just get an open BlockDriverState for the underlying protocol. This patch
introduces this behaviour for bdrv_open implementation. For protocols which
need to access the filename to open their file/device/connection/... a new
callback bdrv_file_open is introduced which doesn't get an underlying file
opened.
For now, also some of the more obscure formats use bdrv_file_open because they
open() the file themselves instead of using the block.c functions. They need to
be fixed in later patches.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Returning NULL on error doesn't allow distinguishing between different errors.
Change the interface to return an integer for -errno.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
If we complete a request with a failure we need to remove it from the list of
requests that are in flight. If we don't do it, the next time the same AIOCB is
used for a cluster allocation it will create a loop in the list and qemu will
hang in an endless loop.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Aurelien Jarno <aurelien@aurel32.net>
If a write requests crosses a L2 table boundary and all clusters until the
end of the L2 table are usable for the request, we must not look at the next
L2 entry because we already have arrived at the end of the array.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
Checking for return codes < 0 isn't really going to work with unsigned
types. Use signed types instead.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
Now that qcow2_alloc_clusters can return error codes, we must handle them in
the callers of qcow2_alloc_clusters.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
Returning 0/-errno allows it to distingush different errors classes. The
cluster offset of newly allocated clusters is now returned in the QCowL2Meta
struct.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
Switching to 0/-errno allows it to distinguish different error cases.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
Return the appropriate error value instead of always using EIO. Don't free the
L1 table on errors, we still need it.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
Images with disk size 0 may be used for
VM snapshots, but not to save normal block data.
It is possible to create such images using
qemu-img, but opening them later fails.
So even "qemu-img info image.qcow2" is not
possible for an image created with
"qemu-img create -f qcow2 image.qcow2 0".
This is fixed here.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Weil <weil@mail.berlios.de>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
It was merely a workaround and the real fix is done now.
This reverts commit ef845c3bf4.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
When the synchronous read and write functions were dropped, they were replaced
by generic emulation functions. Unfortunately, these emulation functions don't
provide the same semantics as the original functions did.
The original bdrv_read would mean that we read some data synchronously and that
we won't be interrupted during this read. The latter assumption is no longer
true with the emulation function which needs to use qemu_aio_poll and therefore
allows the callback of any other concurrent AIO request to be run during the
read. Which in turn means that (meta)data read earlier could have changed and
be invalid now. qcow2 is not prepared to work in this way and it's just scary
how many places there are where other requests could run.
I'm not sure yet where exactly it breaks, but you'll see breakage with virtio
on qcow2 with a backing file. Providing synchronous functions again fixes the
problem for me.
Patchworks-ID: 35437
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
This patch increases the maximum qcow2 cluster size to 2 MB. Starting with 128k
clusters, L2 tables span 2 GB or more of virtual disk space, causing 32 bit
truncation and wraparound of signed integers. Therefore some variables need to
use a larger data type.
While being at reviewing data types, change some integers that are used for
array indices to unsigned. In some places they were checked against some upper
limit but not for negative values. This could avoid potential segfaults with
corrupted qcow2 images.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
Problem: Our file sys-queue.h is a copy of the BSD file, but there are
some additions and it's not entirely compatible. Because of that, there have
been conflicts with system headers on BSD systems. Some hacks have been
introduced in the commits 15cc923584,
f40d753718,
96555a96d7 and
3990d09adf but the fixes were fragile.
Solution: Avoid the conflict entirely by renaming the functions and the
file. Revert the previous hacks.
Signed-off-by: Blue Swirl <blauwirbel@gmail.com>
When two AIO requests write to the same cluster, and this cluster is
unallocated, currently both requests allocate a new cluster and the second one
merges the first one when it is completed. This means an cluster allocation, a
read and a cluster deallocation which cause some overhead. If we simply let the
second request wait until the first one is done, we improve overall performance
with AIO requests (specifially, qcow2/virtio combinations).
This patch maintains a list of in-flight requests that have allocated new
clusters. A second request touching the same cluster is limited so that it
either doesn't touch the allocation of the first request (so it can have a
non-overlapping allocation) or it waits for the first request to complete.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
Contrary to what one could expect, the size of L1 tables is not cluster
aligned. So as we're writing whole sectors now instead of single entries,
we need to ensure that the L1 table in memory is large enough; otherwise
write would access memory after the end of the L1 table.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
When updating the L2 tables in alloc_cluster_link_l2(), write complete
sectors instead of updating single entries.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
When modifying the L1 table, l2_allocate() needs to write complete sectors
instead of single entries. The L1 table is already in memory, reading it from
disk in the block layer to align the request is wasted performance.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
The qcow2 source is now split into several more manageable files. During the
conversion quite some functions that were static before needed to be changed to
be global to make the source compile again.
We were lucky enough not to get name conflicts with these additional global
names, but they are not nice. This patch adds a qcow2_ prefix to all of the
global functions in qcow2.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
qcow2-cluster.c contains all functions related to the management of guest
clusters, i.e. what the guest sees on its virtual disk. This code is about
mapping these guest clusters to host clusters in the image file using the
two-level lookup tables.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
