After recent updates block devices cannot be closed on qemu exit.
This happens due to the block request polling when replay is not finished.
Therefore now we stop execution recording before closing the block devices.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <pavel.dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v2.0.22 (GNU/Linux)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=KtI3
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge remote-tracking branch 'remotes/kraxel/tags/audio-20190821-pull-request' into staging
audio: second batch of -audiodev support, adding support for multiple backends.
# gpg: Signature made Wed 21 Aug 2019 09:40:37 BST
# gpg: using RSA key 4CB6D8EED3E87138
# gpg: Good signature from "Gerd Hoffmann (work) <kraxel@redhat.com>" [full]
# gpg: aka "Gerd Hoffmann <gerd@kraxel.org>" [full]
# gpg: aka "Gerd Hoffmann (private) <kraxel@gmail.com>" [full]
# Primary key fingerprint: A032 8CFF B93A 17A7 9901 FE7D 4CB6 D8EE D3E8 7138
* remotes/kraxel/tags/audio-20190821-pull-request:
audio: fix memory leak reported by ASAN
audio: use size_t where makes sense
audio: remove read and write pcm_ops
paaudio: fix playback glitches
audio: do not run each backend in audio_run
audio: remove audio_MIN, audio_MAX
paaudio: properly disconnect streams in fini_*
paaudio: do not move stream when sink/source name is specified
audio: audiodev= parameters no longer optional when -audiodev present
paaudio: prepare for multiple audiodev
audio: add audiodev properties to frontends
audio: add audiodev property to vnc and wav_capture
audio: basic support for multi backend audio
audio: reduce glob_audio_state usage
audio: Add missing fall through comments
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
This patch renames replay_get_current_step() and related variables
to make these names consistent with existing 'icount' command line
option and future record/replay hmp/qmp commands.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <Pavel.Dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
Message-Id: <156404428377.18669.15476429889039912070.stgit@pasha-Precision-3630-Tower>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
This patch fixes shutdown of the replay process, which is terminated with
the assert when shutdown event is read from the log.
replay_finish_event reads new data_kind and therefore the value of data_kind
should be preserved to be valid at qemu_system_shutdown_request call.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <Pavel.Dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
Message-Id: <156404427238.18669.12378772823692338069.stgit@pasha-Precision-3630-Tower>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
sysemu/sysemu.h is a rather unfocused dumping ground for stuff related
to the system-emulator. Evidence:
* It's included widely: in my "build everything" tree, changing
sysemu/sysemu.h still triggers a recompile of some 1100 out of 6600
objects (not counting tests and objects that don't depend on
qemu/osdep.h, down from 5400 due to the previous two commits).
* It pulls in more than a dozen additional headers.
Split stuff related to run state management into its own header
sysemu/runstate.h.
Touching sysemu/sysemu.h now recompiles some 850 objects. qemu/uuid.h
also drops from 1100 to 850, and qapi/qapi-types-run-state.h from 4400
to 4200. Touching new sysemu/runstate.h recompiles some 500 objects.
Since I'm touching MAINTAINERS to add sysemu/runstate.h anyway, also
add qemu/main-loop.h.
Suggested-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20190812052359.30071-30-armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
[Unbreak OS-X build]
As QEMU becomes more multi-threaded and non-synchronized, checkpoints
move from thread to thread. And the event queue that processed at checkpoints
should belong to the same thread in both record and replay executions.
This patch disables asynchronous event processing at virtual clock
checkpoint, because it may be invoked in different threads at record and
replay. This patch is temporary fix until the checkpoints are completely
refactored.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <Pavel.Dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
Message-Id: <20181018063345.7433.11678.stgit@pasha-VirtualBox>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
In record/replay icount mode vCPU thread and iothread synchronize
the execution using the checkpoints.
vCPU thread processes the virtual timers and iothread processes all others.
When iothread wants to wake up sleeping vCPU thread, it sends dummy queued
work. Therefore it could be the following sequence of the events in
record mode:
- IO: sending dummy work
- IO: processing timers
- CPU: wakeup
- CPU: clearing dummy work
- CPU: processing virtual timers
But due to the races in replay mode the sequence may change:
- IO: sending dummy work
- CPU: wakeup
- CPU: clearing dummy work
- CPU: sleeping again because nothing to do
- IO: Processing timers
- CPU: zzzz
In this case vCPU will not wake up, because dummy work is not to be set up
again.
This patch tries to wake up the vCPU when it sleeps and the icount warp
checkpoint isn't met. It means that vCPU has something to do, because
there are no other reasons of non-matching warp checkpoint.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <Pavel.Dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
--
v5: improve checking that vCPU is still sleeping
Message-Id: <20180912081945.3228.19776.stgit@pasha-VirtualBox>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Virtual clock is warped from iothread and vcpu thread. When the hardware
events associated with warp checkpoint, then interrupt delivering may be
non-deterministic if checkpoint is processed in different threads in record
and replay.
This patch disables event processing for clock warp checkpoint and leaves
all hardware events to other checkpoints (e.g., virtual clock).
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <pavel.dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
Message-Id: <20180227095316.1060.4134.stgit@pasha-VirtualBox>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <Pavel.Dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
This patch adds a flag which denies recursive call of replay_checkpoint
function. Checkpoints may be accompanied by the hardware events. When event
is processed, virtual device may invoke timer modification functions that
also invoke the checkpoint function. This leads to infinite loop.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <pavel.dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
Message-Id: <20180227095305.1060.56463.stgit@pasha-VirtualBox>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <Pavel.Dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
Replay mutex is held by vCPU thread and destroy function is called
from atexit of the main thread. Therefore we cannot destroy it safely.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <pavel.dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
Acked-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20180227095254.1060.96971.stgit@pasha-VirtualBox>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <Pavel.Dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
This time commit 802f045a5f broke the
replay file format. Also add a comment about this to
replay-internal.h.
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <pavel.dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
Acked-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20180227095231.1060.91180.stgit@pasha-VirtualBox>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
qemu-common.h includes qemu/option.h, but most places that include the
former don't actually need the latter. Drop the include, and add it
to the places that actually need it.
While there, drop superfluous includes of both headers, and
separate #include from file comment with a blank line.
This cleanup makes the number of objects depending on qemu/option.h
drop from 4545 (out of 4743) to 284 in my "build everything" tree.
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20180201111846.21846-20-armbru@redhat.com>
[Semantic conflict with commit bdd6a90a9e in block/nvme.c resolved]
Time to wire up all the call sites that request a shutdown or
reset to use the enum added in the previous patch.
It would have been less churn to keep the common case with no
arguments as meaning guest-triggered, and only modified the
host-triggered code paths, via a wrapper function, but then we'd
still have to audit that I didn't miss any host-triggered spots;
changing the signature forces us to double-check that I correctly
categorized all callers.
Since command line options can change whether a guest reset request
causes an actual reset vs. a shutdown, it's easy to also add the
information to reset requests.
Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> [ppc parts]
Reviewed-by: Mark Cave-Ayland <mark.cave-ayland@ilande.co.uk> [SPARC part]
Reviewed-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com> [s390x parts]
Message-Id: <20170515214114.15442-5-eblake@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
With the recent addition of ShutdownCause, we want to be able to pass
a cause through any shutdown request, and then faithfully replay that
cause when later replaying the same sequence. The easiest way is to
expand the reply event mechanism to track a series of values for
EVENT_SHUTDOWN, one corresponding to each value of ShutdownCause.
We are free to change the replay stream as needed, since there are
already no guarantees about being able to use a replay stream by
any other version of qemu than the one that generated it.
The cause is not actually fed back until the next patch changes the
signature for requesting a shutdown; a TODO marks that upcoming change.
Yes, this uses the gcc/clang extension of a ranged case label,
but this is not the first time we've used non-C99 constructs.
Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <pavel.dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
Message-Id: <20170515214114.15442-4-eblake@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
If we find ourselves trying to add an event to the log where time has
gone backwards it is because a vCPU event has occurred and the
main-loop is not yet aware of time moving forward. This should not
happen and if it does its better to fail early than generate a log
that will have weird behaviour.
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
A previous commit (3d4d16f4) added support for audio record/playback.
However this breaks the logfile ABI due to the re-ordering of the
ReplayEvents enum. The REPLAY_VERSION check is meant to prevent you
from using old log files in newer QEMUs but this is currently broken.
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <pavel.dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
Reviewed-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
This dependency is the wrong way, and we will need util/qemu-timer.h from
sysemu/cpus.h in the next patch.
Reviewed-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Edgar E. Iglesias <edgar.iglesias@xilinx.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
This patch implements initial vmstate creation or loading at the start
of record/replay. It is needed for rewinding the execution in the replay mode.
v4 changes:
- snapshots are not created by default anymore
v3 changes:
- added rrsnapshot option
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <pavel.dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
Message-Id: <20170124071746.4572.61449.stgit@PASHA-ISP>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
This patch adds support of recording and replaying network packets in
irount rr mode.
Record and replay for network interactions is performed with the network filter.
Each backend must have its own instance of the replay filter as follows:
-netdev user,id=net1 -device rtl8139,netdev=net1
-object filter-replay,id=replay,netdev=net1
Replay network filter is used to record and replay network packets. While
recording the virtual machine this filter puts all packets coming from
the outer world into the log. In replay mode packets from the log are
injected into the network device. All interactions with network backend
in replay mode are disabled.
v5 changes:
- using iov_to_buf function instead of loop
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <pavel.dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
Signed-off-by: Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com>
This patch introduces vmstate for replay data structures.
It allows saving and loading vmstate while replaying.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <pavel.dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
Message-Id: <20160926080810.6992.68420.stgit@PASHA-ISP>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
This patch moves replay static variables into the structure
to allow saving and loading them with savevm/loadvm.
Reviewed-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <pavel.dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
Message-Id: <20160926080804.6992.87687.stgit@PASHA-ISP>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
replay_configure() pushes and pops a Location with automatic storage
duration. Except it fails to pop when -icount parameter "rr" isn't
given. cur_loc then points to unused stack space, and will most
likely get clobbered in short order.
Clobbered cur_loc can make loc_pop() and error_print_loc() crash or
report bogus locations.
Broken in commit 890ad55.
I didn't take the time to find a reproducer.
Cc: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <1461767349-15329-3-git-send-email-armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com>
This patch introduces block driver that implement recording
and replaying of block devices' operations.
All block completion operations are added to the queue.
Queue is flushed at checkpoints and information about processed requests
is recorded to the log. In replay phase the queue is matched with
events read from the log. Therefore block devices requests are processed
deterministically.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <pavel.dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
[ kwolf: Rebased onto modified and already applied part of the series ]
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Commit 57cb38b included qapi/error.h into qemu/osdep.h to get the
Error typedef. Since then, we've moved to include qemu/osdep.h
everywhere. Its file comment explains: "To avoid getting into
possible circular include dependencies, this file should not include
any other QEMU headers, with the exceptions of config-host.h,
compiler.h, os-posix.h and os-win32.h, all of which are doing a
similar job to this file and are under similar constraints."
qapi/error.h doesn't do a similar job, and it doesn't adhere to
similar constraints: it includes qapi-types.h. That's in excess of
100KiB of crap most .c files don't actually need.
Add the typedef to qemu/typedefs.h, and include that instead of
qapi/error.h. Include qapi/error.h in .c files that need it and don't
get it now. Include qapi-types.h in qom/object.h for uint16List.
Update scripts/clean-includes accordingly. Update it further to match
reality: replace config.h by config-target.h, add sysemu/os-posix.h,
sysemu/os-win32.h. Update the list of includes in the qemu/osdep.h
comment quoted above similarly.
This reduces the number of objects depending on qapi/error.h from "all
of them" to less than a third. Unfortunately, the number depending on
qapi-types.h shrinks only a little. More work is needed for that one.
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
[Fix compilation without the spice devel packages. - Paolo]
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
This patch implements record and replay of character devices.
It records chardevs communication in replay mode. Recorded information
include data read from backend and counter of bytes written
from frontend to backend to preserve frontend internal state.
If character device was configured through the command line in record mode,
then in replay mode it should be also added to command line. Backend of
the character device could be changed in replay mode.
Replaying of devices that perform ioctl and get_msgfd operations is not
supported.
gdbstub which also acts as a backend is not recorded to allow controlling
the replaying through gdb. Monitor backends are also not recorded.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <pavel.dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
Message-Id: <20160314074436.4980.83856.stgit@PASHA-ISP>
[Add stubs. - Paolo]
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Set error location so the error_report() calls will show
appropriate command-line argument or config file info.
Signed-off-by: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <1455303747-19776-4-git-send-email-ehabkost@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Clean up includes so that osdep.h is included first and headers
which it implies are not included manually.
This commit was created with scripts/clean-includes.
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Message-id: 1454089805-5470-16-git-send-email-peter.maydell@linaro.org
Done with this Coccinelle semantic patch
@@
expression FMT, E, S;
expression list ARGS;
@@
- error_report(FMT, ARGS, error_get_pretty(E));
+ error_reportf_err(E, FMT/*@@@*/, ARGS);
(
- error_free(E);
|
exit(S);
|
abort();
)
followed by a replace of '%s"/*@@@*/' by '"' and some line rewrapping,
because I can't figure out how to make Coccinelle transform strings.
We now use the error whole instead of just its message obtained with
error_get_pretty(). This avoids suppressing its hint (see commit
50b7b00), but I can't see how the errors touched in this commit could
come with hints.
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <1450452927-8346-12-git-send-email-armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
This patch introduces command line options for enabling recording or replaying
virtual machine behavior. These options are added to icount command line
parameter. They include 'rr' which switches between record and replay
and 'rrfile' for specifying the filename for replay log.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <pavel.dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
Message-Id: <20150917162518.8676.70792.stgit@PASHA-ISP.def.inno>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <Pavel.Dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
Some devices are not supported by record/replay subsystem.
This patch introduces replay blocker which denies starting record/replay
if such devices are included into the configuration.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <pavel.dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
Message-Id: <20150917162512.8676.11367.stgit@PASHA-ISP.def.inno>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <Pavel.Dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
This patch introduces the functions for enabling the record/replay and for
freeing the resources when simulator closes.
Reviewed-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <pavel.dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
Message-Id: <20150917162507.8676.90232.stgit@PASHA-ISP.def.inno>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <Pavel.Dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
This patch introduces checkpoints that synchronize cpu thread and iothread.
When checkpoint is met in the code all asynchronous events from the queue
are executed.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <pavel.dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
Message-Id: <20150917162444.8676.52916.stgit@PASHA-ISP.def.inno>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <Pavel.Dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
This patch records and replays simulator shutdown event.
Reviewed-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <pavel.dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
Message-Id: <20150917162433.8676.32262.stgit@PASHA-ISP.def.inno>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <Pavel.Dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
This patch includes modifications of common cpu files. All interrupts and
exceptions occured during recording are written into the replay log.
These events allow correct replaying the execution by kicking cpu thread
when one of these events is found in the log.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <pavel.dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
Message-Id: <20150917162416.8676.57647.stgit@PASHA-ISP.def.inno>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
This patch adds calls to replay functions into the icount setup block.
In record mode number of executed instructions is written to the log.
In replay mode number of istructions to execute is taken from the replay log.
When replayed instructions counter is expired qemu_notify_event()
function is called to wake up the iothread.
Reviewed-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <pavel.dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
Message-Id: <20150917162405.8676.31890.stgit@PASHA-ISP.def.inno>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
This patch adds icount event to the replay subsystem. This event corresponds
to execution of several instructions and used to synchronize input events
in the replay phase.
Reviewed-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <pavel.dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
Message-Id: <20150917162354.8676.31351.stgit@PASHA-ISP.def.inno>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
This patch adds global variables, defines, function declarations,
and function stubs for deterministic VM replay used by external modules.
Reviewed-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Pavel Dovgalyuk <pavel.dovgaluk@ispras.ru>
Message-Id: <20150917162337.8676.41538.stgit@PASHA-ISP.def.inno>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>