scripts: add block-coroutine-wrapper.py

We have a very frequent pattern of creating a coroutine from a function
with several arguments:

  - create a structure to pack parameters
  - create _entry function to call original function taking parameters
    from struct
  - do different magic to handle completion: set ret to NOT_DONE or
    EINPROGRESS or use separate bool field
  - fill the struct and create coroutine from _entry function with this
    struct as a parameter
  - do coroutine enter and BDRV_POLL_WHILE loop

Let's reduce code duplication by generating coroutine wrappers.

This patch adds scripts/block-coroutine-wrapper.py together with some
friends, which will generate functions with declared prototypes marked
by the 'generated_co_wrapper' specifier.

The usage of new code generation is as follows:

    1. define the coroutine function somewhere

        int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_NAME(...) {...}

    2. declare in some header file

        int generated_co_wrapper bdrv_NAME(...);

       with same list of parameters (generated_co_wrapper is
       defined in "include/block/block.h").

    3. Make sure the block_gen_c declaration in block/meson.build
       mentions the file with your marker function.

Still, no function is now marked, this work is for the following
commit.

Signed-off-by: Vladimir Sementsov-Ogievskiy <vsementsov@virtuozzo.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200924185414.28642-5-vsementsov@virtuozzo.com>
[Added encoding='utf-8' to open() calls as requested by Vladimir. Fixed
typo and grammar issues pointed out by Eric Blake. Removed clang-format
dependency that caused build test issues.
--Stefan]
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>

block/block-gen.h

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * Block coroutine wrapping core, used by auto-generated block/block-gen.c
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2003 Fabrice Bellard
+ * Copyright (c) 2020 Virtuozzo International GmbH
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+ * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef BLOCK_BLOCK_GEN_H
+#define BLOCK_BLOCK_GEN_H
+
+#include "block/block_int.h"
+
+/* Base structure for argument packing structures */
+typedef struct BdrvPollCo {
+    BlockDriverState *bs;
+    bool in_progress;
+    int ret;
+    Coroutine *co; /* Keep pointer here for debugging */
+} BdrvPollCo;
+
+static inline int bdrv_poll_co(BdrvPollCo *s)
+{
+    assert(!qemu_in_coroutine());
+
+    bdrv_coroutine_enter(s->bs, s->co);
+    BDRV_POLL_WHILE(s->bs, s->in_progress);
+
+    return s->ret;
+}
+
+#endif /* BLOCK_BLOCK_GEN_H */

block/meson.build

@@ -107,6 +107,14 @@ module_block_h = custom_target('module_block.h',
                                command: [module_block_py, '@OUTPUT0@', modsrc])
 block_ss.add(module_block_h)
 
+wrapper_py = find_program('../scripts/block-coroutine-wrapper.py')
+block_gen_c = custom_target('block-gen.c',
+                            output: 'block-gen.c',
+                            input: files('../include/block/block.h',
+                                         'coroutines.h'),
+                            command: [wrapper_py, '@OUTPUT@', '@INPUT@'])
+block_ss.add(block_gen_c)
+
 block_ss.add(files('stream.c'))
 
 softmmu_ss.add(files('qapi-sysemu.c'))

docs/devel/block-coroutine-wrapper.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+=======================
+block-coroutine-wrapper
+=======================
+
+A lot of functions in QEMU block layer (see ``block/*``) can only be
+called in coroutine context. Such functions are normally marked by the
+coroutine_fn specifier. Still, sometimes we need to call them from
+non-coroutine context; for this we need to start a coroutine, run the
+needed function from it and wait for the coroutine to finish in a
+BDRV_POLL_WHILE() loop. To run a coroutine we need a function with one
+void* argument. So for each coroutine_fn function which needs a
+non-coroutine interface, we should define a structure to pack the
+parameters, define a separate function to unpack the parameters and
+call the original function and finally define a new interface function
+with same list of arguments as original one, which will pack the
+parameters into a struct, create a coroutine, run it and wait in
+BDRV_POLL_WHILE() loop. It's boring to create such wrappers by hand,
+so we have a script to generate them.
+
+Usage
+=====
+
+Assume we have defined the ``coroutine_fn`` function
+``bdrv_co_foo(<some args>)`` and need a non-coroutine interface for it,
+called ``bdrv_foo(<same args>)``. In this case the script can help. To
+trigger the generation:
+
+1. You need ``bdrv_foo`` declaration somewhere (for example, in
+   ``block/coroutines.h``) with the ``generated_co_wrapper`` mark,
+   like this:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+    int generated_co_wrapper bdrv_foo(<some args>);
+
+2. You need to feed this declaration to block-coroutine-wrapper script.
+   For this, add the .h (or .c) file with the declaration to the
+   ``input: files(...)`` list of ``block_gen_c`` target declaration in
+   ``block/meson.build``
+
+You are done. During the build, coroutine wrappers will be generated in
+``<BUILD_DIR>/block/block-gen.c``.
+
+Links
+=====
+
+1. The script location is ``scripts/block-coroutine-wrapper.py``.
+
+2. Generic place for private ``generated_co_wrapper`` declarations is
+   ``block/coroutines.h``, for public declarations:
+   ``include/block/block.h``
+
+3. The core API of generated coroutine wrappers is placed in
+   (not generated) ``block/block-gen.h``

docs/devel/index.rst

@@ -32,3 +32,4 @@ Contents:
    s390-dasd-ipl
    clocks
    qom
+   block-coroutine-wrapper

include/block/block.h

@@ -10,6 +10,16 @@
 #include "block/blockjob.h"
 #include "qemu/hbitmap.h"
 
+/*
+ * generated_co_wrapper
+ *
+ * Function specifier, which does nothing but mark functions to be
+ * generated by scripts/block-coroutine-wrapper.py
+ *
+ * Read more in docs/devel/block-coroutine-wrapper.rst
+ */
+#define generated_co_wrapper
+
 /* block.c */
 typedef struct BlockDriver BlockDriver;
 typedef struct BdrvChild BdrvChild;

scripts/block-coroutine-wrapper.py

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python3
+"""Generate coroutine wrappers for block subsystem.
+
+The program parses one or several concatenated c files from stdin,
+searches for functions with the 'generated_co_wrapper' specifier
+and generates corresponding wrappers on stdout.
+
+Usage: block-coroutine-wrapper.py generated-file.c FILE.[ch]...
+
+Copyright (c) 2020 Virtuozzo International GmbH.
+
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+"""
+
+import sys
+import re
+from typing import Iterator
+
+
+def gen_header():
+    copyright = re.sub('^.*Copyright', 'Copyright', __doc__, flags=re.DOTALL)
+    copyright = re.sub('^(?=.)', ' * ', copyright.strip(), flags=re.MULTILINE)
+    copyright = re.sub('^$', ' *', copyright, flags=re.MULTILINE)
+    return f"""\
+/*
+ * File is generated by scripts/block-coroutine-wrapper.py
+ *
+{copyright}
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "block/coroutines.h"
+#include "block/block-gen.h"
+#include "block/block_int.h"\
+"""
+
+
+class ParamDecl:
+    param_re = re.compile(r'(?P<decl>'
+                          r'(?P<type>.*[ *])'
+                          r'(?P<name>[a-z][a-z0-9_]*)'
+                          r')')
+
+    def __init__(self, param_decl: str) -> None:
+        m = self.param_re.match(param_decl.strip())
+        if m is None:
+            raise ValueError(f'Wrong parameter declaration: "{param_decl}"')
+        self.decl = m.group('decl')
+        self.type = m.group('type')
+        self.name = m.group('name')
+
+
+class FuncDecl:
+    def __init__(self, return_type: str, name: str, args: str) -> None:
+        self.return_type = return_type.strip()
+        self.name = name.strip()
+        self.args = [ParamDecl(arg.strip()) for arg in args.split(',')]
+
+    def gen_list(self, format: str) -> str:
+        return ', '.join(format.format_map(arg.__dict__) for arg in self.args)
+
+    def gen_block(self, format: str) -> str:
+        return '\n'.join(format.format_map(arg.__dict__) for arg in self.args)
+
+
+# Match wrappers declared with a generated_co_wrapper mark
+func_decl_re = re.compile(r'^int\s*generated_co_wrapper\s*'
+                          r'(?P<wrapper_name>[a-z][a-z0-9_]*)'
+                          r'\((?P<args>[^)]*)\);$', re.MULTILINE)
+
+
+def func_decl_iter(text: str) -> Iterator:
+    for m in func_decl_re.finditer(text):
+        yield FuncDecl(return_type='int',
+                       name=m.group('wrapper_name'),
+                       args=m.group('args'))
+
+
+def snake_to_camel(func_name: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Convert underscore names like 'some_function_name' to camel-case like
+    'SomeFunctionName'
+    """
+    words = func_name.split('_')
+    words = [w[0].upper() + w[1:] for w in words]
+    return ''.join(words)
+
+
+def gen_wrapper(func: FuncDecl) -> str:
+    assert func.name.startswith('bdrv_')
+    assert not func.name.startswith('bdrv_co_')
+    assert func.return_type == 'int'
+    assert func.args[0].type in ['BlockDriverState *', 'BdrvChild *']
+
+    name = 'bdrv_co_' + func.name[5:]
+    bs = 'bs' if func.args[0].type == 'BlockDriverState *' else 'child->bs'
+    struct_name = snake_to_camel(name)
+
+    return f"""\
+/*
+ * Wrappers for {name}
+ */
+
+typedef struct {struct_name} {{
+    BdrvPollCo poll_state;
+{ func.gen_block('    {decl};') }
+}} {struct_name};
+
+static void coroutine_fn {name}_entry(void *opaque)
+{{
+    {struct_name} *s = opaque;
+
+    s->poll_state.ret = {name}({ func.gen_list('s->{name}') });
+    s->poll_state.in_progress = false;
+
+    aio_wait_kick();
+}}
+
+int {func.name}({ func.gen_list('{decl}') })
+{{
+    if (qemu_in_coroutine()) {{
+        return {name}({ func.gen_list('{name}') });
+    }} else {{
+        {struct_name} s = {{
+            .poll_state.bs = {bs},
+            .poll_state.in_progress = true,
+
+{ func.gen_block('            .{name} = {name},') }
+        }};
+
+        s.poll_state.co = qemu_coroutine_create({name}_entry, &s);
+
+        return bdrv_poll_co(&s.poll_state);
+    }}
+}}"""
+
+
+def gen_wrappers(input_code: str) -> str:
+    res = ''
+    for func in func_decl_iter(input_code):
+        res += '\n\n\n'
+        res += gen_wrapper(func)
+
+    return res
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    if len(sys.argv) < 3:
+        exit(f'Usage: {sys.argv[0]} OUT_FILE.c IN_FILE.[ch]...')
+
+    with open(sys.argv[1], 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f_out:
+        f_out.write(gen_header())
+        for fname in sys.argv[2:]:
+            with open(fname, encoding='utf-8') as f_in:
+                f_out.write(gen_wrappers(f_in.read()))
+                f_out.write('\n')