diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index 96411e6adf..302b6fd00c 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -3692,6 +3692,7 @@ Overall usermode emulation
 M: Riku Voipio <riku.voipio@iki.fi>
 S: Maintained
 F: accel/tcg/user-exec*.c
+F: include/exec/user/
 F: include/user/
 F: common-user/
 
diff --git a/bsd-user/freebsd/target_os_elf.h b/bsd-user/freebsd/target_os_elf.h
index 9df17d56d8..01124979f7 100644
--- a/bsd-user/freebsd/target_os_elf.h
+++ b/bsd-user/freebsd/target_os_elf.h
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 
 #include "target_arch_elf.h"
 #include "elf.h"
+#include "user/tswap-target.h"
 
 #define bsd_get_ncpu() 1 /* until we pull in bsd-proc.[hc] */
 
diff --git a/bsd-user/freebsd/target_os_stack.h b/bsd-user/freebsd/target_os_stack.h
index d15fc3263f..ac0ef22cd7 100644
--- a/bsd-user/freebsd/target_os_stack.h
+++ b/bsd-user/freebsd/target_os_stack.h
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include <sys/param.h>
 #include "target_arch_sigtramp.h"
 #include "qemu/guest-random.h"
+#include "user/tswap-target.h"
 
 /*
  * The initial FreeBSD stack is as follows:
diff --git a/bsd-user/netbsd/target_os_elf.h b/bsd-user/netbsd/target_os_elf.h
index 2f3cb20871..9de0f290c0 100644
--- a/bsd-user/netbsd/target_os_elf.h
+++ b/bsd-user/netbsd/target_os_elf.h
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 
 #include "target_arch_elf.h"
 #include "elf.h"
+#include "user/tswap-target.h"
 
 /* this flag is uneffective under linux too, should be deleted */
 #ifndef MAP_DENYWRITE
diff --git a/bsd-user/openbsd/target_os_elf.h b/bsd-user/openbsd/target_os_elf.h
index 6dca9c5a85..4cf5747dcd 100644
--- a/bsd-user/openbsd/target_os_elf.h
+++ b/bsd-user/openbsd/target_os_elf.h
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 
 #include "target_arch_elf.h"
 #include "elf.h"
+#include "user/tswap-target.h"
 
 /* this flag is uneffective under linux too, should be deleted */
 #ifndef MAP_DENYWRITE
diff --git a/bsd-user/signal.c b/bsd-user/signal.c
index e5a773ddde..b2faf1d0dd 100644
--- a/bsd-user/signal.c
+++ b/bsd-user/signal.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "qemu/log.h"
 #include "qemu.h"
+#include "user/tswap-target.h"
 #include "gdbstub/user.h"
 #include "signal-common.h"
 #include "trace.h"
diff --git a/bsd-user/strace.c b/bsd-user/strace.c
index 96499751eb..6dc01d3be7 100644
--- a/bsd-user/strace.c
+++ b/bsd-user/strace.c
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <sys/ioccom.h>
 
 #include "qemu.h"
+#include "user/tswap-target.h"
 
 #include "os-strace.h"  /* OS dependent strace print functions */
 
diff --git a/include/exec/cpu-all.h b/include/exec/cpu-all.h
index 7c44ffb3af..78848f018c 100644
--- a/include/exec/cpu-all.h
+++ b/include/exec/cpu-all.h
@@ -36,14 +36,6 @@
 #define BSWAP_NEEDED
 #endif
 
-#if TARGET_LONG_SIZE == 4
-#define tswapl(s) tswap32(s)
-#define bswaptls(s) bswap32s(s)
-#else
-#define tswapl(s) tswap64(s)
-#define bswaptls(s) bswap64s(s)
-#endif
-
 /* Target-endianness CPU memory access functions. These fit into the
  * {ld,st}{type}{sign}{size}{endian}_p naming scheme described in bswap.h.
  */
diff --git a/include/exec/user/abitypes.h b/include/exec/user/abitypes.h
index db4a670328..731f345ff5 100644
--- a/include/exec/user/abitypes.h
+++ b/include/exec/user/abitypes.h
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #define EXEC_USER_ABITYPES_H
 
 #include "cpu.h"
+#include "user/tswap-target.h"
 
 #ifdef TARGET_ABI32
 #define TARGET_ABI_BITS 32
diff --git a/include/user/tswap-target.h b/include/user/tswap-target.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4719330dbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/user/tswap-target.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/*
+ * target-specific swap() definitions
+ *
+ *  Copyright (c) 2003 Fabrice Bellard
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
+ */
+#ifndef USER_TSWAP_H
+#define USER_TSWAP_H
+
+#include "exec/cpu-defs.h"
+#include "exec/tswap.h"
+
+#if TARGET_LONG_SIZE == 4
+#define tswapl(s) tswap32(s)
+#define bswaptls(s) bswap32s(s)
+#else
+#define tswapl(s) tswap64(s)
+#define bswaptls(s) bswap64s(s)
+#endif
+
+#endif
diff --git a/linux-user/elfload.c b/linux-user/elfload.c
index a0999dac15..207455c1ba 100644
--- a/linux-user/elfload.c
+++ b/linux-user/elfload.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <sys/shm.h>
 
 #include "qemu.h"
+#include "user/tswap-target.h"
 #include "user-internals.h"
 #include "signal-common.h"
 #include "loader.h"
diff --git a/linux-user/i386/signal.c b/linux-user/i386/signal.c
index cfe70fc5cf..990048f42a 100644
--- a/linux-user/i386/signal.c
+++ b/linux-user/i386/signal.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include "user-internals.h"
 #include "signal-common.h"
 #include "linux-user/trace.h"
+#include "user/tswap-target.h"
 
 /* from the Linux kernel - /arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/sigcontext.h */
 
diff --git a/linux-user/ppc/signal.c b/linux-user/ppc/signal.c
index 652038a53c..a1d8c0bccc 100644
--- a/linux-user/ppc/signal.c
+++ b/linux-user/ppc/signal.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include "user-internals.h"
 #include "signal-common.h"
 #include "linux-user/trace.h"
+#include "user/tswap-target.h"
 #include "vdso-asmoffset.h"
 
 /* See arch/powerpc/include/asm/ucontext.h.  Only used for 32-bit PPC;