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bellard 2005-02-10 21:46:47 +00:00
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26
LICENSE Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
The following points clarify the QEMU licenses:
1) The QEMU virtual CPU core library (libqemu.a) and the QEMU PC
system emulator are released under the GNU Lesser General Public
License.
2) The Linux user mode QEMU emulator is released under the GNU General
Public License.
3) The QEMU Accelerator Module is a proprietary product. It is
available without charge. Commercial use of the QEMU Accelerator
Module is allowed.
Redistribution of the QEMU Accelerator Module: any person or
organisation wishing to distribute it, for example on a CD or as a
binary or source package, must have an explicit authorization from
the author.
The QEMU Accelerator Module is available without any express or
implied warranty. In no event will the author be held liable for
any damages arising from the use of this software.
4) QEMU is a trademark of Fabrice Bellard.
Fabrice Bellard.

58
README
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@ -1,61 +1,3 @@
The QEMU x86 emulator
---------------------
INSTALLATION
------------
Type
./configure
make
to build qemu, qemu-CPU and libqemu.a (CPU is the name of the various
supported target CPUs).
Type
make install
to install QEMU in /usr/local
Tested tool versions
--------------------
In order to compile QEMU succesfully, it is very important that you
have the right tools. The most important one is gcc. I cannot guaranty
that QEMU works if you do not use a tested gcc version. Look at
'configure' and 'Makefile' if you want to make a different gcc
version work.
host gcc binutils glibc linux distribution
----------------------------------------------------------------------
x86 2.95.2 2.13.2 2.1.3 2.4.18
3.2 2.13.2 2.1.3 2.4.18
2.96 2.11.93.0.2 2.2.5 2.4.18 Red Hat 7.3
3.2.2 2.13.90.0.18 2.3.2 2.4.20 Red Hat 9
PowerPC 3.3 [4] 2.13.90.0.18 2.3.1 2.4.20briq
3.2
Alpha 3.3 [1] 2.14.90.0.4 2.2.5 2.2.20 [2] Debian 3.0
Sparc32 2.95.4 2.12.90.0.1 2.2.5 2.4.18 Debian 3.0
ARM 2.95.4 2.12.90.0.1 2.2.5 2.4.9 [3] Debian 3.0
[1] On Alpha, QEMU needs the gcc 'visibility' attribute only available
for gcc version >= 3.3.
[2] Linux >= 2.4.20 is necessary for precise exception support
(untested).
[3] 2.4.9-ac10-rmk2-np1-cerf2
[4] gcc 2.95.x generates invalid code when using too many register
variables. You must use gcc 3.x on PowerPC.
Documentation
-------------
Read the documentation in qemu-doc.html.
Fabrice Bellard.

272
qemu-doc.texi
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@ -34,8 +34,12 @@ to ease cross-compilation and cross-debugging.
@end itemize
As QEMU requires no host kernel driver to run, it is very safe and
easy to use.
QEMU can run without an host kernel driver and yet gives acceptable
performance. On an x86 host, if you want the highest performance for
the x86 target, the @emph{QEMU Accelerator Module} (KQEMU) allows QEMU
to reach near native performances. KQEMU is currently only supported
for an x86 Linux 2.4 or 2.6 host system, but more host OSes will be
supported in the future.
For system emulation, the following hardware targets are supported:
@itemize
@ -52,14 +56,8 @@ If you want to compile QEMU yourself, see @ref{compilation}.
@section Linux
Download the binary distribution (@file{qemu-XXX-i386.tar.gz}) in
@file{/tmp} and untar it as root from @file{/}:
@example
su
cd /
tar zxvf /tmp/qemu-XXX-i386.tar.gz
@end example
If a precompiled package is available for your distribution - you just
have to install it. Otherwise, see @ref{compilation}.
@section Windows
@ -77,33 +75,8 @@ Download the experimental binary installer at
@c man begin DESCRIPTION
The QEMU System emulator simulates a complete PC.
In order to meet specific user needs, two versions of QEMU are
available:
@enumerate
@item
@code{qemu-fast} uses the host Memory Management Unit (MMU) to
simulate the x86 MMU. It is @emph{fast} but has limitations because
the whole 4 GB address space cannot be used and some memory mapped
peripherials cannot be emulated accurately yet. Therefore, a specific
guest Linux kernel can be used (@xref{linux_compile}) as guest
OS.
Moreover there is no separation between the host and target address
spaces, so it offers no security (the target OS can modify the
@code{qemu-fast} code by writing at the right addresses).
@item
@code{qemu} uses a software MMU. It is about @emph{two times slower}
but gives a more accurate emulation and a complete separation between
the host and target address spaces.
@end enumerate
QEMU emulates the following PC peripherials:
The QEMU System emulator simulates the
following PC peripherials:
@itemize @minus
@item
@ -369,6 +342,12 @@ Force hard disk 0 physical geometry (1 <= @var{c} <= 16383, 1 <=
translation mode (@var{t}=none, lba or auto). Usually QEMU can guess
all thoses parameters. This option is useful for old MS-DOS disk
images.
@item -no-kqemu
Disable the usage of the QEMU Accelerator module (KQEMU). QEMU will work as
usual but will be slower. This option can be useful to determine if
emulation problems are coming from KQEMU.
@item -isa
Simulate an ISA-only system (default is PCI system).
@item -std-vga
@ -444,6 +423,25 @@ Fabrice Bellard
@end ignore
@section QEMU Accelerator Module
The QEMU Accelerator Module (KQEMU) is an optional part of QEMU currently only
available for Linux 2.4 or 2.6 x86 hosts. It enables QEMU to run x86
code much faster. Provided it is installed on your PC (see
@ref{kqemu_install}), QEMU will automatically use it.
WARNING: as with any alpha stage kernel driver, KQEMU may cause
arbitrary data loss on your PC, so you'd better backup your sensitive
data before using it.
When using KQEMU, QEMU will create a big hidden file containing the
RAM of the virtual machine. For best performance, it is important that
this file is kept in RAM and not on the hard disk. QEMU uses the
@file{/dev/shm} directory to create this file because @code{tmpfs} is
usually mounted on it (check with the shell command
@code{df}). Otherwise @file{/tmp} is used as fallback. You can use the
@var{QEMU_TMPDIR} shell variable to set a new directory for the QEMU
RAM file.
@section QEMU Monitor
@ -824,12 +822,6 @@ NOTES:
A 2.5.74 kernel is also included in the archive. Just
replace the bzImage in qemu.sh to try it.
@item
qemu-fast creates a temporary file in @var{$QEMU_TMPDIR} (@file{/tmp} is the
default) containing all the simulated PC memory. If possible, try to use
a temporary directory using the tmpfs filesystem to avoid too many
unnecessary disk accesses.
@item
In order to exit cleanly from qemu, you can do a @emph{shutdown} inside
qemu. qemu will automatically exit when the Linux shutdown is done.
@ -848,80 +840,6 @@ Lawton for the plex86 Project (@url{www.plex86.org}).
@end enumerate
@node linux_compile
@section Linux Kernel Compilation
You can use any linux kernel with QEMU. However, if you want to use
@code{qemu-fast} to get maximum performances, you must use a modified
guest kernel. If you are using a 2.6 guest kernel, you can use
directly the patch @file{linux-2.6-qemu-fast.patch} made by Rusty
Russel available in the QEMU source archive. Otherwise, you can make the
following changes @emph{by hand} to the Linux kernel:
@enumerate
@item
The kernel must be mapped at 0x90000000 (the default is
0xc0000000). You must modify only two lines in the kernel source:
In @file{include/asm/page.h}, replace
@example
#define __PAGE_OFFSET (0xc0000000)
@end example
by
@example
#define __PAGE_OFFSET (0x90000000)
@end example
And in @file{arch/i386/vmlinux.lds}, replace
@example
. = 0xc0000000 + 0x100000;
@end example
by
@example
. = 0x90000000 + 0x100000;
@end example
@item
If you want to enable SMP (Symmetric Multi-Processing) support, you
must make the following change in @file{include/asm/fixmap.h}. Replace
@example
#define FIXADDR_TOP (0xffffX000UL)
@end example
by
@example
#define FIXADDR_TOP (0xa7ffX000UL)
@end example
(X is 'e' or 'f' depending on the kernel version). Although you can
use an SMP kernel with QEMU, it only supports one CPU.
@item
If you are not using a 2.6 kernel as host kernel but if you use a target
2.6 kernel, you must also ensure that the 'HZ' define is set to 100
(1000 is the default) as QEMU cannot currently emulate timers at
frequencies greater than 100 Hz on host Linux systems < 2.6. In
@file{include/asm/param.h}, replace:
@example
# define HZ 1000 /* Internal kernel timer frequency */
@end example
by
@example
# define HZ 100 /* Internal kernel timer frequency */
@end example
@end enumerate
The file config-2.x.x gives the configuration of the example kernels.
Just type
@example
make bzImage
@end example
As you would do to make a real kernel. Then you can use with QEMU
exactly the same kernel as you would boot on your PC (in
@file{arch/i386/boot/bzImage}).
@node gdb_usage
@section GDB usage
@ -976,6 +894,12 @@ When using a 2.6 guest Linux kernel, you should add the option
kernels make very strict real time clock checks by default that QEMU
cannot simulate exactly.
When using a 2.6 guest Linux kernel, verify that the 4G/4G patch is
not activated because QEMU is slower with this patch. The QEMU
Accelerator Module is also much slower in this case. Earlier Fedora
Core 3 Linux kernel (< 2.6.9-1.724_FC3) were known to incorporte this
patch by default. Newer kernels don't have it.
@subsection Windows
If you have a slow host, using Windows 95 is better as it gives the
@ -1226,9 +1150,119 @@ Act as if the host page size was 'pagesize' bytes
@node compilation
@chapter Compilation from the sources
@section Linux/BSD
@section Linux/Unix
Read the @file{README} which gives the related information.
@subsection Compilation
First you must decompress the sources:
@example
cd /tmp
tar zxvf qemu-x.y.z.tar.gz
cd qemu-x.y.z
@end example
Then you configure QEMU and build it (usually no options are needed):
@example
./configure
make
@end example
Then type as root user:
@example
make install
@end example
to install QEMU in @file{/usr/local}.
@node kqemu_install
@subsection QEMU Accelerator Installation
If you use x86 Linux, the compilation of the QEMU Accelerator Kernel
Module (KQEMU) is automatically activated provided you have the
necessary kernel headers. If nonetheless the compilation fails, you
can disable its compilation with the @option{--disable-kqemu} option.
If you are using a 2.6 host kernel, then all the necessary kernel
headers should be already installed. If you are using a 2.4 kernel,
then you should verify that properly configured kernel sources are
installed and compiled. On a Redhat 9 distribution for example, the
following must be done:
@example
1) Install the kernel-source-xxx package
2) cd /usr/src/linux-xxx
3) make distclean
4) Copy /boot/config-vvv in .config (use uname -r to know your configuration name 'vvv')
5) Edit the Makefile to change the EXTRAVERSION line to match your
current configuration name:
EXTRAVERSION = -custom
to
EXTRAVERSION = -8 # This is an example, it can be -8smp too
5) make menuconfig # Just save the configuration
6) make dep bzImage
@end example
The installation of KQEMU is not fully automatic because it is highly
distribution dependent. When launching
@example
make install
@end example
KQEMU is installed in /lib/modules/@var{kernel_version}/misc. The
device @file{/dev/kqemu} is created with read/write access rights for
everyone. If you fear security issues, you can restrict the access
rights of @file{/dev/kqemu}.
If you want that KQEMU is installed automatically at boot time, you can add
@example
# Load the KQEMU kernel module
/sbin/modprobe kqemu
@end example
in @file{/etc/rc.d/rc.local}.
If your distribution uses udev (like Fedora), the @file{/dev/kqemu} is
not created automatically (yet) at every reboot. You can add the
following in @file{/etc/rc.d/rc.local}:
@example
# Create the KQEMU device
mknod /dev/kqemu c 254 0
chmod 666 /dev/kqemu
@end example
@subsection Tested tool versions
In order to compile QEMU succesfully, it is very important that you
have the right tools. The most important one is gcc. I cannot guaranty
that QEMU works if you do not use a tested gcc version. Look at
'configure' and 'Makefile' if you want to make a different gcc
version work.
@example
host gcc binutils glibc linux distribution
----------------------------------------------------------------------
x86 3.2 2.13.2 2.1.3 2.4.18
2.96 2.11.93.0.2 2.2.5 2.4.18 Red Hat 7.3
3.2.2 2.13.90.0.18 2.3.2 2.4.20 Red Hat 9
PowerPC 3.3 [4] 2.13.90.0.18 2.3.1 2.4.20briq
3.2
Alpha 3.3 [1] 2.14.90.0.4 2.2.5 2.2.20 [2] Debian 3.0
Sparc32 2.95.4 2.12.90.0.1 2.2.5 2.4.18 Debian 3.0
ARM 2.95.4 2.12.90.0.1 2.2.5 2.4.9 [3] Debian 3.0
[1] On Alpha, QEMU needs the gcc 'visibility' attribute only available
for gcc version >= 3.3.
[2] Linux >= 2.4.20 is necessary for precise exception support
(untested).
[3] 2.4.9-ac10-rmk2-np1-cerf2
[4] gcc 2.95.x generates invalid code when using too many register
variables. You must use gcc 3.x on PowerPC.
@end example
@section Windows