diff --git a/hw/i386/pc.c b/hw/i386/pc.c
index 9e37186776..293e22a7e1 100644
--- a/hw/i386/pc.c
+++ b/hw/i386/pc.c
@@ -1963,6 +1963,7 @@ static void pc_machine_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     /* BIOS ACPI tables: 128K. Other BIOS datastructures: less than 4K reported
      * to be used at the moment, 32K should be enough for a while.  */
     pcmc->acpi_data_size = 0x20000 + 0x8000;
+    pcmc->save_tsc_khz = true;
     mc->get_hotplug_handler = pc_get_hotpug_handler;
     mc->cpu_index_to_socket_id = pc_cpu_index_to_socket_id;
     mc->default_boot_order = "cad";
diff --git a/hw/i386/pc_piix.c b/hw/i386/pc_piix.c
index df2b824385..97219129ac 100644
--- a/hw/i386/pc_piix.c
+++ b/hw/i386/pc_piix.c
@@ -432,9 +432,11 @@ DEFINE_I440FX_MACHINE(v2_6, "pc-i440fx-2.6", NULL,
 
 static void pc_i440fx_2_5_machine_options(MachineClass *m)
 {
+    PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_CLASS(m);
     pc_i440fx_2_6_machine_options(m);
     m->alias = NULL;
     m->is_default = 0;
+    pcmc->save_tsc_khz = false;
     SET_MACHINE_COMPAT(m, PC_COMPAT_2_5);
 }
 
diff --git a/hw/i386/pc_q35.c b/hw/i386/pc_q35.c
index 412b3cd375..8b76d5c94b 100644
--- a/hw/i386/pc_q35.c
+++ b/hw/i386/pc_q35.c
@@ -360,8 +360,10 @@ DEFINE_Q35_MACHINE(v2_6, "pc-q35-2.6", NULL,
 
 static void pc_q35_2_5_machine_options(MachineClass *m)
 {
+    PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_CLASS(m);
     pc_q35_2_6_machine_options(m);
     m->alias = NULL;
+    pcmc->save_tsc_khz = false;
     SET_MACHINE_COMPAT(m, PC_COMPAT_2_5);
 }
 
diff --git a/include/hw/i386/pc.h b/include/hw/i386/pc.h
index 588a33cfa3..5bac03d975 100644
--- a/include/hw/i386/pc.h
+++ b/include/hw/i386/pc.h
@@ -120,6 +120,9 @@ struct PCMachineClass {
     bool has_reserved_memory;
     bool enforce_aligned_dimm;
     bool broken_reserved_end;
+
+    /* TSC rate migration: */
+    bool save_tsc_khz;
 };
 
 #define TYPE_PC_MACHINE "generic-pc-machine"
diff --git a/roms/seabios b/roms/seabios
index 01a84bea2d..33fbe13a3e 160000
--- a/roms/seabios
+++ b/roms/seabios
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 01a84bea2d28a19d2405c1ecac4bdef17683cc0c
+Subproject commit 33fbe13a3e2a01e0ba1087a8feed801a0451db21
diff --git a/target-i386/cpu.c b/target-i386/cpu.c
index 69880b79fa..d3f8a4e4ea 100644
--- a/target-i386/cpu.c
+++ b/target-i386/cpu.c
@@ -1728,7 +1728,7 @@ static void x86_cpuid_set_tsc_freq(Object *obj, Visitor *v, void *opaque,
         return;
     }
 
-    cpu->env.tsc_khz = value / 1000;
+    cpu->env.tsc_khz = cpu->env.user_tsc_khz = value / 1000;
 }
 
 static void x86_cpuid_get_apic_id(Object *obj, Visitor *v, void *opaque,
diff --git a/target-i386/cpu.h b/target-i386/cpu.h
index 77e62b2506..28cbaf5030 100644
--- a/target-i386/cpu.h
+++ b/target-i386/cpu.h
@@ -978,6 +978,7 @@ typedef struct CPUX86State {
     uint32_t sipi_vector;
     bool tsc_valid;
     int64_t tsc_khz;
+    int64_t user_tsc_khz; /* for sanity check only */
     void *kvm_xsave_buf;
 
     uint64_t mcg_cap;
diff --git a/target-i386/kvm.c b/target-i386/kvm.c
index 23d6b869a3..419bb18bb3 100644
--- a/target-i386/kvm.c
+++ b/target-i386/kvm.c
@@ -2507,6 +2507,15 @@ int kvm_arch_put_registers(CPUState *cpu, int level)
         }
     }
 
+    if (level == KVM_PUT_FULL_STATE) {
+        /* We don't check for kvm_arch_set_tsc_khz() errors here,
+         * because TSC frequency mismatch shouldn't abort migration,
+         * unless the user explicitly asked for a more strict TSC
+         * setting (e.g. using an explicit "tsc-freq" option).
+         */
+        kvm_arch_set_tsc_khz(cpu);
+    }
+
     ret = kvm_getput_regs(x86_cpu, 1);
     if (ret < 0) {
         return ret;
diff --git a/target-i386/machine.c b/target-i386/machine.c
index 4d802882f5..0d381ac0c0 100644
--- a/target-i386/machine.c
+++ b/target-i386/machine.c
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 #include "cpu.h"
 #include "sysemu/kvm.h"
 
+#include "qemu/error-report.h"
+
 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_segment = {
     .name = "segment",
     .version_id = 1,
@@ -331,6 +333,13 @@ static int cpu_post_load(void *opaque, int version_id)
     CPUX86State *env = &cpu->env;
     int i;
 
+    if (env->tsc_khz && env->user_tsc_khz &&
+        env->tsc_khz != env->user_tsc_khz) {
+        error_report("Mismatch between user-specified TSC frequency and "
+                     "migrated TSC frequency");
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
     /*
      * Real mode guest segments register DPL should be zero.
      * Older KVM version were setting it wrongly.
@@ -839,6 +848,26 @@ static const VMStateDescription vmstate_xss = {
     }
 };
 
+static bool tsc_khz_needed(void *opaque)
+{
+    X86CPU *cpu = opaque;
+    CPUX86State *env = &cpu->env;
+    MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(qdev_get_machine());
+    PCMachineClass *pcmc = PC_MACHINE_CLASS(mc);
+    return env->tsc_khz && pcmc->save_tsc_khz;
+}
+
+static const VMStateDescription vmstate_tsc_khz = {
+    .name = "cpu/tsc_khz",
+    .version_id = 1,
+    .minimum_version_id = 1,
+    .needed = tsc_khz_needed,
+    .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
+        VMSTATE_INT64(env.tsc_khz, X86CPU),
+        VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
+    }
+};
+
 VMStateDescription vmstate_x86_cpu = {
     .name = "cpu",
     .version_id = 12,
@@ -961,6 +990,7 @@ VMStateDescription vmstate_x86_cpu = {
         &vmstate_msr_hyperv_stimer,
         &vmstate_avx512,
         &vmstate_xss,
+        &vmstate_tsc_khz,
         NULL
     }
 };