ppc/xive: introduce the XIVE interrupt thread context
Each POWER9 processor chip has a XIVE presenter that can generate four different exceptions to its threads: - hypervisor exception, - O/S exception - Event-Based Branch (EBB) - msgsnd (doorbell). Each exception has a state independent from the others called a Thread Interrupt Management context. This context is a set of registers which lets the thread handle priority management and interrupt acknowledgment among other things. The most important ones being : - Interrupt Priority Register (PIPR) - Interrupt Pending Buffer (IPB) - Current Processor Priority (CPPR) - Notification Source Register (NSR) These registers are accessible through a specific MMIO region, called the Thread Interrupt Management Area (TIMA), four aligned pages, each exposing a different view of the registers. First page (page address ending in 0b00) gives access to the entire context and is reserved for the ring 0 view for the physical thread context. The second (page address ending in 0b01) is for the hypervisor, ring 1 view. The third (page address ending in 0b10) is for the operating system, ring 2 view. The fourth (page address ending in 0b11) is for user level, ring 3 view. The thread interrupt context is modeled with a XiveTCTX object containing the values of the different exception registers. The TIMA region is mapped at the same address for each CPU. Signed-off-by: Cédric Le Goater <clg@kaod.org> Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
This commit is contained in:
Cédric Le Goater
David Gibson
parent
002686be42
commit
207d9fe985
424
hw/intc/xive.c
424
hw/intc/xive.c
@ -16,6 +16,429 @@
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#include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
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#include "monitor/monitor.h"
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#include "hw/ppc/xive.h"
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#include "hw/ppc/xive_regs.h"
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/*
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* XIVE Thread Interrupt Management context
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*/
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static uint64_t xive_tctx_accept(XiveTCTX *tctx, uint8_t ring)
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{
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return 0;
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}
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static void xive_tctx_set_cppr(XiveTCTX *tctx, uint8_t ring, uint8_t cppr)
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{
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if (cppr > XIVE_PRIORITY_MAX) {
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cppr = 0xff;
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}
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tctx->regs[ring + TM_CPPR] = cppr;
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}
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/*
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* XIVE Thread Interrupt Management Area (TIMA)
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*/
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/*
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* Define an access map for each page of the TIMA that we will use in
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* the memory region ops to filter values when doing loads and stores
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* of raw registers values
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*
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* Registers accessibility bits :
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*
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* 0x0 - no access
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* 0x1 - write only
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* 0x2 - read only
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* 0x3 - read/write
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*/
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static const uint8_t xive_tm_hw_view[] = {
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/* QW-0 User */ 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0,
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/* QW-1 OS */ 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0,
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/* QW-2 POOL */ 0, 0, 3, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0,
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/* QW-3 PHYS */ 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 3, 0, 0, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0,
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};
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static const uint8_t xive_tm_hv_view[] = {
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/* QW-0 User */ 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0,
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/* QW-1 OS */ 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0,
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/* QW-2 POOL */ 0, 0, 3, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 3, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0,
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/* QW-3 PHYS */ 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 3, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0,
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};
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static const uint8_t xive_tm_os_view[] = {
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/* QW-0 User */ 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0,
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/* QW-1 OS */ 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
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/* QW-2 POOL */ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
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/* QW-3 PHYS */ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
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};
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static const uint8_t xive_tm_user_view[] = {
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/* QW-0 User */ 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
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/* QW-1 OS */ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
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/* QW-2 POOL */ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
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/* QW-3 PHYS */ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
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};
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/*
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* Overall TIMA access map for the thread interrupt management context
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* registers
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*/
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static const uint8_t *xive_tm_views[] = {
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[XIVE_TM_HW_PAGE] = xive_tm_hw_view,
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[XIVE_TM_HV_PAGE] = xive_tm_hv_view,
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[XIVE_TM_OS_PAGE] = xive_tm_os_view,
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[XIVE_TM_USER_PAGE] = xive_tm_user_view,
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};
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/*
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* Computes a register access mask for a given offset in the TIMA
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*/
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static uint64_t xive_tm_mask(hwaddr offset, unsigned size, bool write)
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{
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uint8_t page_offset = (offset >> TM_SHIFT) & 0x3;
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uint8_t reg_offset = offset & 0x3F;
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uint8_t reg_mask = write ? 0x1 : 0x2;
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uint64_t mask = 0x0;
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int i;
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for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
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if (xive_tm_views[page_offset][reg_offset + i] & reg_mask) {
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mask |= (uint64_t) 0xff << (8 * (size - i - 1));
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}
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}
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return mask;
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}
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static void xive_tm_raw_write(XiveTCTX *tctx, hwaddr offset, uint64_t value,
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unsigned size)
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{
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uint8_t ring_offset = offset & 0x30;
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uint8_t reg_offset = offset & 0x3F;
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uint64_t mask = xive_tm_mask(offset, size, true);
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int i;
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/*
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* Only 4 or 8 bytes stores are allowed and the User ring is
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* excluded
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*/
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if (size < 4 || !mask || ring_offset == TM_QW0_USER) {
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qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR, "XIVE: invalid write access at TIMA @%"
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HWADDR_PRIx"\n", offset);
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return;
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}
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/*
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* Use the register offset for the raw values and filter out
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* reserved values
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*/
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for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
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uint8_t byte_mask = (mask >> (8 * (size - i - 1)));
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if (byte_mask) {
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tctx->regs[reg_offset + i] = (value >> (8 * (size - i - 1))) &
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byte_mask;
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}
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}
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}
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static uint64_t xive_tm_raw_read(XiveTCTX *tctx, hwaddr offset, unsigned size)
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{
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uint8_t ring_offset = offset & 0x30;
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uint8_t reg_offset = offset & 0x3F;
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uint64_t mask = xive_tm_mask(offset, size, false);
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uint64_t ret;
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int i;
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/*
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* Only 4 or 8 bytes loads are allowed and the User ring is
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* excluded
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*/
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if (size < 4 || !mask || ring_offset == TM_QW0_USER) {
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qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR, "XIVE: invalid read access at TIMA @%"
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HWADDR_PRIx"\n", offset);
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return -1;
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}
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/* Use the register offset for the raw values */
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ret = 0;
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for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
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ret |= (uint64_t) tctx->regs[reg_offset + i] << (8 * (size - i - 1));
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}
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/* filter out reserved values */
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return ret & mask;
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}
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/*
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* The TM context is mapped twice within each page. Stores and loads
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* to the first mapping below 2K write and read the specified values
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* without modification. The second mapping above 2K performs specific
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* state changes (side effects) in addition to setting/returning the
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* interrupt management area context of the processor thread.
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*/
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static uint64_t xive_tm_ack_os_reg(XiveTCTX *tctx, hwaddr offset, unsigned size)
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{
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return xive_tctx_accept(tctx, TM_QW1_OS);
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}
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static void xive_tm_set_os_cppr(XiveTCTX *tctx, hwaddr offset,
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uint64_t value, unsigned size)
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{
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xive_tctx_set_cppr(tctx, TM_QW1_OS, value & 0xff);
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}
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/*
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* Define a mapping of "special" operations depending on the TIMA page
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* offset and the size of the operation.
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*/
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typedef struct XiveTmOp {
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uint8_t page_offset;
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uint32_t op_offset;
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unsigned size;
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void (*write_handler)(XiveTCTX *tctx, hwaddr offset, uint64_t value,
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unsigned size);
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uint64_t (*read_handler)(XiveTCTX *tctx, hwaddr offset, unsigned size);
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} XiveTmOp;
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static const XiveTmOp xive_tm_operations[] = {
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/*
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* MMIOs below 2K : raw values and special operations without side
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* effects
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*/
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{ XIVE_TM_OS_PAGE, TM_QW1_OS + TM_CPPR, 1, xive_tm_set_os_cppr, NULL },
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/* MMIOs above 2K : special operations with side effects */
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{ XIVE_TM_OS_PAGE, TM_SPC_ACK_OS_REG, 2, NULL, xive_tm_ack_os_reg },
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};
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static const XiveTmOp *xive_tm_find_op(hwaddr offset, unsigned size, bool write)
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{
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uint8_t page_offset = (offset >> TM_SHIFT) & 0x3;
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uint32_t op_offset = offset & 0xFFF;
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int i;
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for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(xive_tm_operations); i++) {
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const XiveTmOp *xto = &xive_tm_operations[i];
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/* Accesses done from a more privileged TIMA page is allowed */
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if (xto->page_offset >= page_offset &&
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xto->op_offset == op_offset &&
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xto->size == size &&
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((write && xto->write_handler) || (!write && xto->read_handler))) {
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return xto;
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}
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}
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return NULL;
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}
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/*
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* TIMA MMIO handlers
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*/
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static void xive_tm_write(void *opaque, hwaddr offset,
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uint64_t value, unsigned size)
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{
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PowerPCCPU *cpu = POWERPC_CPU(current_cpu);
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XiveTCTX *tctx = XIVE_TCTX(cpu->intc);
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const XiveTmOp *xto;
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/*
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* TODO: check V bit in Q[0-3]W2, check PTER bit associated with CPU
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*/
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/*
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* First, check for special operations in the 2K region
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*/
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if (offset & 0x800) {
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xto = xive_tm_find_op(offset, size, true);
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if (!xto) {
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qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR, "XIVE: invalid write access at TIMA"
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"@%"HWADDR_PRIx"\n", offset);
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} else {
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xto->write_handler(tctx, offset, value, size);
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}
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return;
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}
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/*
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* Then, for special operations in the region below 2K.
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*/
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xto = xive_tm_find_op(offset, size, true);
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if (xto) {
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xto->write_handler(tctx, offset, value, size);
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return;
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}
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/*
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* Finish with raw access to the register values
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*/
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xive_tm_raw_write(tctx, offset, value, size);
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}
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static uint64_t xive_tm_read(void *opaque, hwaddr offset, unsigned size)
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{
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PowerPCCPU *cpu = POWERPC_CPU(current_cpu);
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XiveTCTX *tctx = XIVE_TCTX(cpu->intc);
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const XiveTmOp *xto;
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/*
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* TODO: check V bit in Q[0-3]W2, check PTER bit associated with CPU
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*/
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/*
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* First, check for special operations in the 2K region
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*/
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if (offset & 0x800) {
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xto = xive_tm_find_op(offset, size, false);
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if (!xto) {
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qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR, "XIVE: invalid read access to TIMA"
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"@%"HWADDR_PRIx"\n", offset);
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return -1;
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}
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return xto->read_handler(tctx, offset, size);
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}
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/*
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* Then, for special operations in the region below 2K.
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*/
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xto = xive_tm_find_op(offset, size, false);
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if (xto) {
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return xto->read_handler(tctx, offset, size);
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}
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/*
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* Finish with raw access to the register values
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*/
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return xive_tm_raw_read(tctx, offset, size);
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}
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const MemoryRegionOps xive_tm_ops = {
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.read = xive_tm_read,
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.write = xive_tm_write,
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.endianness = DEVICE_BIG_ENDIAN,
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.valid = {
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.min_access_size = 1,
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.max_access_size = 8,
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},
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.impl = {
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.min_access_size = 1,
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.max_access_size = 8,
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},
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};
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static inline uint32_t xive_tctx_word2(uint8_t *ring)
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{
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return *((uint32_t *) &ring[TM_WORD2]);
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}
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static char *xive_tctx_ring_print(uint8_t *ring)
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{
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uint32_t w2 = xive_tctx_word2(ring);
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return g_strdup_printf("%02x %02x %02x %02x %02x "
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"%02x %02x %02x %08x",
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ring[TM_NSR], ring[TM_CPPR], ring[TM_IPB], ring[TM_LSMFB],
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ring[TM_ACK_CNT], ring[TM_INC], ring[TM_AGE], ring[TM_PIPR],
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be32_to_cpu(w2));
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}
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static const char * const xive_tctx_ring_names[] = {
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"USER", "OS", "POOL", "PHYS",
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};
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void xive_tctx_pic_print_info(XiveTCTX *tctx, Monitor *mon)
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{
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int cpu_index = tctx->cs ? tctx->cs->cpu_index : -1;
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int i;
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monitor_printf(mon, "CPU[%04x]: QW NSR CPPR IPB LSMFB ACK# INC AGE PIPR"
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" W2\n", cpu_index);
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for (i = 0; i < XIVE_TM_RING_COUNT; i++) {
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char *s = xive_tctx_ring_print(&tctx->regs[i * XIVE_TM_RING_SIZE]);
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monitor_printf(mon, "CPU[%04x]: %4s %s\n", cpu_index,
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xive_tctx_ring_names[i], s);
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g_free(s);
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}
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}
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static void xive_tctx_reset(void *dev)
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{
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XiveTCTX *tctx = XIVE_TCTX(dev);
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memset(tctx->regs, 0, sizeof(tctx->regs));
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/* Set some defaults */
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tctx->regs[TM_QW1_OS + TM_LSMFB] = 0xFF;
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tctx->regs[TM_QW1_OS + TM_ACK_CNT] = 0xFF;
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tctx->regs[TM_QW1_OS + TM_AGE] = 0xFF;
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}
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static void xive_tctx_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
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{
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XiveTCTX *tctx = XIVE_TCTX(dev);
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PowerPCCPU *cpu;
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CPUPPCState *env;
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Object *obj;
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Error *local_err = NULL;
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obj = object_property_get_link(OBJECT(dev), "cpu", &local_err);
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if (!obj) {
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error_propagate(errp, local_err);
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error_prepend(errp, "required link 'cpu' not found: ");
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return;
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}
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cpu = POWERPC_CPU(obj);
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tctx->cs = CPU(obj);
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env = &cpu->env;
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switch (PPC_INPUT(env)) {
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case PPC_FLAGS_INPUT_POWER7:
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tctx->output = env->irq_inputs[POWER7_INPUT_INT];
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break;
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default:
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error_setg(errp, "XIVE interrupt controller does not support "
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"this CPU bus model");
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return;
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}
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qemu_register_reset(xive_tctx_reset, dev);
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}
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static void xive_tctx_unrealize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
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{
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qemu_unregister_reset(xive_tctx_reset, dev);
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}
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static const VMStateDescription vmstate_xive_tctx = {
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.name = TYPE_XIVE_TCTX,
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.version_id = 1,
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.minimum_version_id = 1,
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.fields = (VMStateField[]) {
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VMSTATE_BUFFER(regs, XiveTCTX),
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VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
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},
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};
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static void xive_tctx_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
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{
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DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
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dc->desc = "XIVE Interrupt Thread Context";
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dc->realize = xive_tctx_realize;
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dc->unrealize = xive_tctx_unrealize;
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dc->vmsd = &vmstate_xive_tctx;
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}
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static const TypeInfo xive_tctx_info = {
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.name = TYPE_XIVE_TCTX,
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.parent = TYPE_DEVICE,
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.instance_size = sizeof(XiveTCTX),
|
||||
.class_init = xive_tctx_class_init,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* XIVE ESB helpers
|
||||
@ -864,6 +1287,7 @@ static void xive_register_types(void)
|
||||
type_register_static(&xive_fabric_info);
|
||||
type_register_static(&xive_router_info);
|
||||
type_register_static(&xive_end_source_info);
|
||||
type_register_static(&xive_tctx_info);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
type_init(xive_register_types)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -367,4 +367,48 @@ typedef struct XiveENDSource {
|
||||
void xive_end_pic_print_info(XiveEND *end, uint32_t end_idx, Monitor *mon);
|
||||
void xive_end_queue_pic_print_info(XiveEND *end, uint32_t width, Monitor *mon);
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* XIVE Thread interrupt Management (TM) context
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
#define TYPE_XIVE_TCTX "xive-tctx"
|
||||
#define XIVE_TCTX(obj) OBJECT_CHECK(XiveTCTX, (obj), TYPE_XIVE_TCTX)
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* XIVE Thread interrupt Management register rings :
|
||||
*
|
||||
* QW-0 User event-based exception state
|
||||
* QW-1 O/S OS context for priority management, interrupt acks
|
||||
* QW-2 Pool hypervisor pool context for virtual processors dispatched
|
||||
* QW-3 Physical physical thread context and security context
|
||||
*/
|
||||
#define XIVE_TM_RING_COUNT 4
|
||||
#define XIVE_TM_RING_SIZE 0x10
|
||||
|
||||
typedef struct XiveTCTX {
|
||||
DeviceState parent_obj;
|
||||
|
||||
CPUState *cs;
|
||||
qemu_irq output;
|
||||
|
||||
uint8_t regs[XIVE_TM_RING_COUNT * XIVE_TM_RING_SIZE];
|
||||
} XiveTCTX;
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* XIVE Thread Interrupt Management Aera (TIMA)
|
||||
*
|
||||
* This region gives access to the registers of the thread interrupt
|
||||
* management context. It is four page wide, each page providing a
|
||||
* different view of the registers. The page with the lower offset is
|
||||
* the most privileged and gives access to the entire context.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
#define XIVE_TM_HW_PAGE 0x0
|
||||
#define XIVE_TM_HV_PAGE 0x1
|
||||
#define XIVE_TM_OS_PAGE 0x2
|
||||
#define XIVE_TM_USER_PAGE 0x3
|
||||
|
||||
extern const MemoryRegionOps xive_tm_ops;
|
||||
|
||||
void xive_tctx_pic_print_info(XiveTCTX *tctx, Monitor *mon);
|
||||
|
||||
#endif /* PPC_XIVE_H */
|
||||
|
||||
@ -23,6 +23,88 @@
|
||||
#define XIVE_SRCNO_INDEX(srcno) ((srcno) & 0x0fffffff)
|
||||
#define XIVE_SRCNO(blk, idx) ((uint32_t)(blk) << 28 | (idx))
|
||||
|
||||
#define TM_SHIFT 16
|
||||
|
||||
/* TM register offsets */
|
||||
#define TM_QW0_USER 0x000 /* All rings */
|
||||
#define TM_QW1_OS 0x010 /* Ring 0..2 */
|
||||
#define TM_QW2_HV_POOL 0x020 /* Ring 0..1 */
|
||||
#define TM_QW3_HV_PHYS 0x030 /* Ring 0..1 */
|
||||
|
||||
/* Byte offsets inside a QW QW0 QW1 QW2 QW3 */
|
||||
#define TM_NSR 0x0 /* + + - + */
|
||||
#define TM_CPPR 0x1 /* - + - + */
|
||||
#define TM_IPB 0x2 /* - + + + */
|
||||
#define TM_LSMFB 0x3 /* - + + + */
|
||||
#define TM_ACK_CNT 0x4 /* - + - - */
|
||||
#define TM_INC 0x5 /* - + - + */
|
||||
#define TM_AGE 0x6 /* - + - + */
|
||||
#define TM_PIPR 0x7 /* - + - + */
|
||||
|
||||
#define TM_WORD0 0x0
|
||||
#define TM_WORD1 0x4
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* QW word 2 contains the valid bit at the top and other fields
|
||||
* depending on the QW.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
#define TM_WORD2 0x8
|
||||
#define TM_QW0W2_VU PPC_BIT32(0)
|
||||
#define TM_QW0W2_LOGIC_SERV PPC_BITMASK32(1, 31) /* XX 2,31 ? */
|
||||
#define TM_QW1W2_VO PPC_BIT32(0)
|
||||
#define TM_QW1W2_OS_CAM PPC_BITMASK32(8, 31)
|
||||
#define TM_QW2W2_VP PPC_BIT32(0)
|
||||
#define TM_QW2W2_POOL_CAM PPC_BITMASK32(8, 31)
|
||||
#define TM_QW3W2_VT PPC_BIT32(0)
|
||||
#define TM_QW3W2_LP PPC_BIT32(6)
|
||||
#define TM_QW3W2_LE PPC_BIT32(7)
|
||||
#define TM_QW3W2_T PPC_BIT32(31)
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* In addition to normal loads to "peek" and writes (only when invalid)
|
||||
* using 4 and 8 bytes accesses, the above registers support these
|
||||
* "special" byte operations:
|
||||
*
|
||||
* - Byte load from QW0[NSR] - User level NSR (EBB)
|
||||
* - Byte store to QW0[NSR] - User level NSR (EBB)
|
||||
* - Byte load/store to QW1[CPPR] and QW3[CPPR] - CPPR access
|
||||
* - Byte load from QW3[TM_WORD2] - Read VT||00000||LP||LE on thrd 0
|
||||
* otherwise VT||0000000
|
||||
* - Byte store to QW3[TM_WORD2] - Set VT bit (and LP/LE if present)
|
||||
*
|
||||
* Then we have all these "special" CI ops at these offset that trigger
|
||||
* all sorts of side effects:
|
||||
*/
|
||||
#define TM_SPC_ACK_EBB 0x800 /* Load8 ack EBB to reg*/
|
||||
#define TM_SPC_ACK_OS_REG 0x810 /* Load16 ack OS irq to reg */
|
||||
#define TM_SPC_PUSH_USR_CTX 0x808 /* Store32 Push/Validate user context */
|
||||
#define TM_SPC_PULL_USR_CTX 0x808 /* Load32 Pull/Invalidate user
|
||||
* context */
|
||||
#define TM_SPC_SET_OS_PENDING 0x812 /* Store8 Set OS irq pending bit */
|
||||
#define TM_SPC_PULL_OS_CTX 0x818 /* Load32/Load64 Pull/Invalidate OS
|
||||
* context to reg */
|
||||
#define TM_SPC_PULL_POOL_CTX 0x828 /* Load32/Load64 Pull/Invalidate Pool
|
||||
* context to reg*/
|
||||
#define TM_SPC_ACK_HV_REG 0x830 /* Load16 ack HV irq to reg */
|
||||
#define TM_SPC_PULL_USR_CTX_OL 0xc08 /* Store8 Pull/Inval usr ctx to odd
|
||||
* line */
|
||||
#define TM_SPC_ACK_OS_EL 0xc10 /* Store8 ack OS irq to even line */
|
||||
#define TM_SPC_ACK_HV_POOL_EL 0xc20 /* Store8 ack HV evt pool to even
|
||||
* line */
|
||||
#define TM_SPC_ACK_HV_EL 0xc30 /* Store8 ack HV irq to even line */
|
||||
/* XXX more... */
|
||||
|
||||
/* NSR fields for the various QW ack types */
|
||||
#define TM_QW0_NSR_EB PPC_BIT8(0)
|
||||
#define TM_QW1_NSR_EO PPC_BIT8(0)
|
||||
#define TM_QW3_NSR_HE PPC_BITMASK8(0, 1)
|
||||
#define TM_QW3_NSR_HE_NONE 0
|
||||
#define TM_QW3_NSR_HE_POOL 1
|
||||
#define TM_QW3_NSR_HE_PHYS 2
|
||||
#define TM_QW3_NSR_HE_LSI 3
|
||||
#define TM_QW3_NSR_I PPC_BIT8(2)
|
||||
#define TM_QW3_NSR_GRP_LVL PPC_BIT8(3, 7)
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* EAS (Event Assignment Structure)
|
||||
*
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user