2011-10-05 22:03:02 +04:00
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TCG Interpreter (TCI) - Copyright (c) 2011 Stefan Weil.
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This file is released under the BSD license.
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1) Introduction
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TCG (Tiny Code Generator) is a code generator which translates
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code fragments ("basic blocks") from target code (any of the
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targets supported by QEMU) to a code representation which
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can be run on a host.
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2016-09-13 17:25:52 +03:00
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QEMU can create native code for some hosts (arm, i386, ia64, ppc, ppc64,
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2011-10-05 22:03:02 +04:00
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s390, sparc, x86_64). For others, unofficial host support was written.
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By adding a code generator for a virtual machine and using an
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interpreter for the generated bytecode, it is possible to
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support (almost) any host.
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This is what TCI (Tiny Code Interpreter) does.
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2) Implementation
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Like each TCG host frontend, TCI implements the code generator in
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2020-02-04 14:41:01 +03:00
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tcg-target.c.inc, tcg-target.h. Both files are in directory tcg/tci.
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2011-10-05 22:03:02 +04:00
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tcg/tci: Change encoding to uint32_t units
This removes all of the problems with unaligned accesses
to the bytecode stream.
With an 8-bit opcode at the bottom, we have 24 bits remaining,
which are generally split into 6 4-bit slots. This fits well
with the maximum length opcodes, e.g. INDEX_op_add2_i32, which
have 6 register operands.
We have, in previous patches, rearranged things such that there
are no operations with a label which have more than one other
operand. Which leaves us with a 20-bit field in which to encode
a label, giving us a maximum TB size of 512k -- easily large.
Change the INDEX_op_tci_movi_{i32,i64} opcodes to tci_mov[il].
The former puts the immediate in the upper 20 bits of the insn,
like we do for the label displacement. The later uses a label
to reference an entry in the constant pool. Thus, in the worst
case we still have a single memory reference for any constant,
but now the constants are out-of-line of the bytecode and can
be shared between different moves saving space.
Change INDEX_op_call to use a label to reference a pair of
pointers in the constant pool. This removes the only slightly
dodgy link with the layout of struct TCGHelperInfo.
The re-encode cannot be done in pieces.
Tested-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
2021-02-02 10:27:41 +03:00
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The additional file tcg/tci.c adds the interpreter and disassembler.
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2011-10-05 22:03:02 +04:00
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tcg/tci: Change encoding to uint32_t units
This removes all of the problems with unaligned accesses
to the bytecode stream.
With an 8-bit opcode at the bottom, we have 24 bits remaining,
which are generally split into 6 4-bit slots. This fits well
with the maximum length opcodes, e.g. INDEX_op_add2_i32, which
have 6 register operands.
We have, in previous patches, rearranged things such that there
are no operations with a label which have more than one other
operand. Which leaves us with a 20-bit field in which to encode
a label, giving us a maximum TB size of 512k -- easily large.
Change the INDEX_op_tci_movi_{i32,i64} opcodes to tci_mov[il].
The former puts the immediate in the upper 20 bits of the insn,
like we do for the label displacement. The later uses a label
to reference an entry in the constant pool. Thus, in the worst
case we still have a single memory reference for any constant,
but now the constants are out-of-line of the bytecode and can
be shared between different moves saving space.
Change INDEX_op_call to use a label to reference a pair of
pointers in the constant pool. This removes the only slightly
dodgy link with the layout of struct TCGHelperInfo.
The re-encode cannot be done in pieces.
Tested-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
2021-02-02 10:27:41 +03:00
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The bytecode consists of opcodes (with only a few exceptions, with
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the same same numeric values and semantics as used by TCG), and up
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to six arguments packed into a 32-bit integer. See comments in tci.c
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for details on the encoding.
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2011-10-05 22:03:02 +04:00
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3) Usage
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For hosts without native TCG, the interpreter TCI must be enabled by
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configure --enable-tcg-interpreter
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If configure is called without --enable-tcg-interpreter, it will
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suggest using this option. Setting it automatically would need
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additional code in configure which must be fixed when new native TCG
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implementations are added.
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For hosts with native TCG, the interpreter TCI can be enabled by
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configure --enable-tcg-interpreter
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The only difference from running QEMU with TCI to running without TCI
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should be speed. Especially during development of TCI, it was very
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useful to compare runs with and without TCI. Create /tmp/qemu.log by
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2023-04-17 19:40:37 +03:00
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qemu-system-i386 -d in_asm,op_opt,cpu -D /tmp/qemu.log -accel tcg,one-insn-per-tb=on
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2011-10-05 22:03:02 +04:00
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once with interpreter and once without interpreter and compare the resulting
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qemu.log files. This is also useful to see the effects of additional
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registers or additional opcodes (it is easy to modify the virtual machine).
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It can also be used to verify native TCGs.
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Hosts with native TCG can also enable TCI by claiming to be unsupported:
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configure --cpu=unknown --enable-tcg-interpreter
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configure then no longer uses the native linker script (*.ld) for
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user mode emulation.
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4) Status
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TCI needs special implementation for 32 and 64 bit host, 32 and 64 bit target,
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host and target with same or different endianness.
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| host (le) host (be)
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| 32 64 32 64
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------------+------------------------------------------------------------
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target (le) | s0, u0 s1, u1 s?, u? s?, u?
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32 bit |
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target (le) | sc, uc s1, u1 s?, u? s?, u?
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64 bit |
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target (be) | sc, u0 sc, uc s?, u? s?, u?
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32 bit |
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target (be) | sc, uc sc, uc s?, u? s?, u?
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64 bit |
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System emulation
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s? = untested
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sc = compiles
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s0 = bios works
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s1 = grub works
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s2 = Linux boots
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Linux user mode emulation
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u? = untested
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uc = compiles
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u0 = static hello works
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u1 = linux-user-test works
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5) Todo list
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* TCI is not widely tested. It was written and tested on a x86_64 host
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running i386 and x86_64 system emulation and Linux user mode.
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A cross compiled QEMU for i386 host also works with the same basic tests.
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A cross compiled QEMU for mipsel host works, too. It is terribly slow
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because I run it in a mips malta emulation, so it is an interpreted
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emulation in an emulation.
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A cross compiled QEMU for arm host works (tested with pc bios).
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A cross compiled QEMU for ppc host works at least partially:
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i386-linux-user/qemu-i386 can run a simple hello-world program
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(tested in a ppc emulation).
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* Some TCG opcodes are either missing in the code generator and/or
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in the interpreter. These opcodes raise a runtime exception, so it is
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possible to see where code must be added.
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* It might be useful to have a runtime option which selects the native TCG
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or TCI, so QEMU would have to include two TCGs. Today, selecting TCI
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is a configure option, so you need two compilations of QEMU.
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