qemu/qemu-deprecated.texi

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@node Deprecated features
@appendix Deprecated features
In general features are intended to be supported indefinitely once
introduced into QEMU. In the event that a feature needs to be removed,
it will be listed in this appendix. The feature will remain functional
for 2 releases prior to actual removal. Deprecated features may also
generate warnings on the console when QEMU starts up, or if activated
via a monitor command, however, this is not a mandatory requirement.
Prior to the 2.10.0 release there was no official policy on how
long features would be deprecated prior to their removal, nor
any documented list of which features were deprecated. Thus
any features deprecated prior to 2.10.0 will be treated as if
they were first deprecated in the 2.10.0 release.
What follows is a list of all features currently marked as
deprecated.
@section System emulator command line arguments
@subsection -machine enforce-config-section=on|off (since 3.1)
The @option{enforce-config-section} parameter is replaced by the
@option{-global migration.send-configuration=@var{on|off}} option.
@subsection -no-kvm (since 1.3.0)
The ``-no-kvm'' argument is now a synonym for setting
``-machine accel=tcg''.
@subsection -usbdevice (since 2.10.0)
The ``-usbdevice DEV'' argument is now a synonym for setting
the ``-device usb-DEV'' argument instead. The deprecated syntax
would automatically enable USB support on the machine type.
If using the new syntax, USB support must be explicitly
enabled via the ``-machine usb=on'' argument.
@subsection -drive file=json:@{...@{'driver':'file'@}@} (since 3.0)
The 'file' driver for drives is no longer appropriate for character or host
devices and will only accept regular files (S_IFREG). The correct driver
for these file types is 'host_cdrom' or 'host_device' as appropriate.
@subsection -net ...,name=@var{name} (since 3.1)
The @option{name} parameter of the @option{-net} option is a synonym
for the @option{id} parameter, which should now be used instead.
@subsection -smp (invalid topologies) (since 3.1)
CPU topology properties should describe whole machine topology including
possible CPUs.
However, historically it was possible to start QEMU with an incorrect topology
where @math{@var{n} <= @var{sockets} * @var{cores} * @var{threads} < @var{maxcpus}},
which could lead to an incorrect topology enumeration by the guest.
Support for invalid topologies will be removed, the user must ensure
topologies described with -smp include all possible cpus, i.e.
@math{@var{sockets} * @var{cores} * @var{threads} = @var{maxcpus}}.
vnc: allow specifying a custom authorization object name The VNC server has historically had support for ACLs to check both the SASL username and the TLS x509 distinguished name. The VNC server was responsible for creating the initial ACL, and the client app was then responsible for populating it with rules using the HMP 'acl_add' command. This is not satisfactory for a variety of reasons. There is no way to populate the ACLs from the command line, users are forced to use the HMP. With multiple network services all supporting TLS and ACLs now, it is desirable to be able to define a single ACL that is referenced by all services. To address these limitations, two new options are added to the VNC server CLI. The 'tls-authz' option takes the ID of a QAuthZ object to use for checking TLS x509 distinguished names, and the 'sasl-authz' option takes the ID of another object to use for checking SASL usernames. In this example, we setup two authorization rules. The first allows any client with a certificate issued by the 'RedHat' organization in the 'London' locality. The second ACL allows clients with either the 'joe@REDHAT.COM' or 'fred@REDHAT.COM' kerberos usernames. Both checks must pass for the user to be allowed. $QEMU -object tls-creds-x509,id=tls0,dir=/home/berrange/qemutls,\ endpoint=server,verify-peer=yes \ -object authz-simple,id=authz0,policy=deny,\ rules.0.match=O=RedHat,,L=London,rules.0.policy=allow \ -object authz-simple,id=authz1,policy=deny,\ rules.0.match=fred@REDHAT.COM,rules.0.policy=allow \ rules.0.match=joe@REDHAT.COM,rules.0.policy=allow \ -vnc 0.0.0.0:1,tls-creds=tls0,tls-authz=authz0, sasl,sasl-authz=authz1 \ ...other QEMU args... Reviewed-by: Juan Quintela <quintela@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com> Message-id: 20190227145755.26556-2-berrange@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
2019-02-27 17:57:54 +03:00
@subsection -vnc acl (since 4.0.0)
The @code{acl} option to the @code{-vnc} argument has been replaced
by the @code{tls-authz} and @code{sasl-authz} options.
@subsection QEMU_AUDIO_ environment variables and -audio-help (since 4.0)
The ``-audiodev'' argument is now the preferred way to specify audio
backend settings instead of environment variables. To ease migration to
the new format, the ``-audiodev-help'' option can be used to convert
the current values of the environment variables to ``-audiodev'' options.
@subsection -realtime (since 4.1)
The @code{-realtime mlock=on|off} argument has been replaced by the
@code{-overcommit mem-lock=on|off} argument.
@subsection -virtfs_synth (since 4.1)
The ``-virtfs_synth'' argument is now deprecated. Please use ``-fsdev synth''
and ``-device virtio-9p-...'' instead.
@section QEMU Machine Protocol (QMP) commands
@subsection block-dirty-bitmap-add "autoload" parameter (since 2.12.0)
"autoload" parameter is now ignored. All bitmaps are automatically loaded
from qcow2 images.
@subsection query-block result field dirty-bitmaps[i].status (since 4.0)
The ``status'' field of the ``BlockDirtyInfo'' structure, returned by
the query-block command is deprecated. Two new boolean fields,
``recording'' and ``busy'' effectively replace it.
@subsection query-cpus (since 2.12.0)
The ``query-cpus'' command is replaced by the ``query-cpus-fast'' command.
@subsection query-cpus-fast "arch" output member (since 3.0.0)
The ``arch'' output member of the ``query-cpus-fast'' command is
replaced by the ``target'' output member.
@subsection cpu-add (since 4.0)
Use ``device_add'' for hotplugging vCPUs instead of ``cpu-add''. See
documentation of ``query-hotpluggable-cpus'' for additional
details.
@subsection query-events (since 4.0)
The ``query-events'' command has been superseded by the more powerful
and accurate ``query-qmp-schema'' command.
@subsection chardev client socket with 'wait' option (since 4.0)
Character devices creating sockets in client mode should not specify
the 'wait' field, which is only applicable to sockets in server mode
@section Human Monitor Protocol (HMP) commands
@subsection The hub_id parameter of 'hostfwd_add' / 'hostfwd_remove' (since 3.1)
The @option{[hub_id name]} parameter tuple of the 'hostfwd_add' and
'hostfwd_remove' HMP commands has been replaced by @option{netdev_id}.
@subsection cpu-add (since 4.0)
Use ``device_add'' for hotplugging vCPUs instead of ``cpu-add''. See
documentation of ``query-hotpluggable-cpus'' for additional details.
@subsection acl_show, acl_reset, acl_policy, acl_add, acl_remove (since 4.0.0)
The ``acl_show'', ``acl_reset'', ``acl_policy'', ``acl_add'', and
``acl_remove'' commands are deprecated with no replacement. Authorization
for VNC should be performed using the pluggable QAuthZ objects.
@section System emulator devices
@subsection bluetooth (since 3.1)
The bluetooth subsystem is unmaintained since many years and likely bitrotten
quite a bit. It will be removed without replacement unless some users speaks
up at the @email{qemu-devel@@nongnu.org} mailing list with information about
their usecases.
@section System emulator machines
@subsection pc-0.12, pc-0.13, pc-0.14 and pc-0.15 (since 4.0)
These machine types are very old and likely can not be used for live migration
from old QEMU versions anymore. A newer machine type should be used instead.
@subsection prep (PowerPC) (since 3.1)
This machine type uses an unmaintained firmware, broken in lots of ways,
and unable to start post-2004 operating systems. 40p machine type should be
used instead.
@section Device options
@subsection Block device options
@subsubsection "backing": "" (since 2.12.0)
In order to prevent QEMU from automatically opening an image's backing
chain, use ``"backing": null'' instead.
@subsubsection rbd keyvalue pair encoded filenames: "" (since 3.1.0)
Options for ``rbd'' should be specified according to its runtime options,
like other block drivers. Legacy parsing of keyvalue pair encoded
filenames is useful to open images with the old format for backing files;
These image files should be updated to use the current format.
Example of legacy encoding:
@code{json:@{"file.driver":"rbd", "file.filename":"rbd:rbd/name"@}}
The above, converted to the current supported format:
@code{json:@{"file.driver":"rbd", "file.pool":"rbd", "file.image":"name"@}}
qemu-nbd: Deprecate qemu-nbd --partition The existing qemu-nbd --partition code claims to handle logical partitions up to 8, since its introduction in 2008 (commit 7a5ca86). However, the implementation is bogus (actual MBR logical partitions form a sort of linked list, with one partition per extended table entry, rather than four logical partitions in a single extended table), making the code unlikely to work for anything beyond -P5 on actual guest images. What's more, the code does not support GPT partitions, which are becoming more popular, and maintaining device subsetting in both NBD and the raw device is unnecessary duplication of effort (even if it is not too difficult). Note that obtaining the offsets of a partition (MBR or GPT) can be learned by using 'qemu-nbd -c /dev/nbd0 file.qcow2 && sfdisk --dump /dev/nbd0', but by the time you've done that, you might as well just mount /dev/nbd0p1 that the kernel creates for you instead of bothering with qemu exporting a subset. Or, keeping to just user-space code, use nbdkit's partition filter, which has already known both GPT and primary MBR partitions for a while, and was just recently enhanced to support arbitrary logical MBR parititions. Start the clock on the deprecation cycle, with examples of how to accomplish device subsetting without using -P. Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Message-Id: <20190125234837.2272-1-eblake@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Richard W.M. Jones <rjones@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Stefano Garzarella <sgarzare@redhat.com>
2019-01-26 02:48:37 +03:00
@section Related binaries
@subsection qemu-nbd --partition (since 4.0.0)
The ``qemu-nbd --partition $digit'' code (also spelled @option{-P})
can only handle MBR partitions, and has never correctly handled
logical partitions beyond partition 5. If you know the offset and
length of the partition (perhaps by using @code{sfdisk} within the
guest), you can achieve the effect of exporting just that subset of
the disk by use of the @option{--image-opts} option with a raw
blockdev using the @code{offset} and @code{size} parameters layered on
top of any other existing blockdev. For example, if partition 1 is
100MiB long starting at 1MiB, the old command:
@code{qemu-nbd -t -P 1 -f qcow2 file.qcow2}
can be rewritten as:
@code{qemu-nbd -t --image-opts driver=raw,offset=1M,size=100M,file.driver=qcow2,file.backing.driver=file,file.backing.filename=file.qcow2}
Alternatively, the @code{nbdkit} project provides a more powerful
partition filter on top of its nbd plugin, which can be used to select
an arbitrary MBR or GPT partition on top of any other full-image NBD
export. Using this to rewrite the above example results in:
@code{qemu-nbd -t -k /tmp/sock -f qcow2 file.qcow2 &}
@code{nbdkit -f --filter=partition nbd socket=/tmp/sock partition=1}
Note that if you are exposing the export via /dev/nbd0, it is easier
to just export the entire image and then mount only /dev/nbd0p1 than
it is to reinvoke @command{qemu-nbd -c /dev/nbd0} limited to just a
subset of the image.