Tom Lane fd0398fcb0 Improve EXPLAIN's display of SubPlan nodes and output parameters.
Historically we've printed SubPlan expression nodes as "(SubPlan N)",
which is pretty uninformative.  Trying to reproduce the original SQL
for the subquery is still as impractical as before, and would be
mighty verbose as well.  However, we can still do better than that.
Displaying the "testexpr" when present, and adding a keyword to
indicate the SubLinkType, goes a long way toward showing what's
really going on.

In addition, this patch gets rid of EXPLAIN's use of "$n" to represent
subplan and initplan output Params.  Instead we now print "(SubPlan
N).colX" or "(InitPlan N).colX" to represent the X'th output column
of that subplan.  This eliminates confusion with the use of "$n" to
represent PARAM_EXTERN Params, and it's useful for the first part of
this change because it eliminates needing some other indication of
which subplan is referenced by a SubPlan that has a testexpr.

In passing, this adds simple regression test coverage of the
ROWCOMPARE_SUBLINK code paths, which were entirely unburdened
by testing before.

Tom Lane and Dean Rasheed, reviewed by Aleksander Alekseev.
Thanks to Chantal Keller for raising the question of whether
this area couldn't be improved.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/2838538.1705692747@sss.pgh.pa.us
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The PostgreSQL contrib tree
---------------------------

This subtree contains porting tools, analysis utilities, and plug-in
features that are not part of the core PostgreSQL system, mainly
because they address a limited audience or are too experimental to be
part of the main source tree.  This does not preclude their
usefulness.

User documentation for each module appears in the main SGML
documentation.

When building from the source distribution, these modules are not
built automatically, unless you build the "world" target.  You can
also build and install them all by running "make all" and "make
install" in this directory; or to build and install just one selected
module, do the same in that module's subdirectory.

Some directories supply new user-defined functions, operators, or
types.  To make use of one of these modules, after you have installed
the code you need to register the new SQL objects in the database
system by executing a CREATE EXTENSION command.  In a fresh database,
you can simply do

    CREATE EXTENSION module_name;

See the PostgreSQL documentation for more information about this
procedure.