Dean Rasheed f025f2390e Prevent numeric overflows in parallel numeric aggregates.
Formerly various numeric aggregate functions supported parallel
aggregation by having each worker convert partial aggregate values to
Numeric and use numeric_send() as part of serializing their state.
That's problematic, since the range of Numeric is smaller than that of
NumericVar, so it's possible for it to overflow (on either side of the
decimal point) in cases that would succeed in non-parallel mode.

Fix by serializing NumericVars instead, to avoid the overflow risk and
ensure that parallel and non-parallel modes work the same.

A side benefit is that this improves the efficiency of the
serialization/deserialization code, which can make a noticeable
difference to performance with large numbers of parallel workers.

No back-patch due to risk from changing the binary format of the
aggregate serialization states, as well as lack of prior field
complaints and low probability of such overflows in practice.

Patch by me. Thanks to David Rowley for review and performance
testing, and Ranier Vilela for an additional suggestion.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAEZATCUmeFWCrq2dNzZpRj5+6LfN85jYiDoqm+ucSXhb9U2TbA@mail.gmail.com
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PostgreSQL Database Management System
=====================================

This directory contains the source code distribution of the PostgreSQL
database management system.

PostgreSQL is an advanced object-relational database management system
that supports an extended subset of the SQL standard, including
transactions, foreign keys, subqueries, triggers, user-defined types
and functions.  This distribution also contains C language bindings.

PostgreSQL has many language interfaces, many of which are listed here:

	https://www.postgresql.org/download/

See the file INSTALL for instructions on how to build and install
PostgreSQL.  That file also lists supported operating systems and
hardware platforms and contains information regarding any other
software packages that are required to build or run the PostgreSQL
system.  Copyright and license information can be found in the
file COPYRIGHT.  A comprehensive documentation set is included in this
distribution; it can be read as described in the installation
instructions.

The latest version of this software may be obtained at
https://www.postgresql.org/download/.  For more information look at our
web site located at https://www.postgresql.org/.
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