David Rowley cac169d686 Increase DEFAULT_FDW_TUPLE_COST from 0.01 to 0.2
0.01 was unrealistically low as it's the same as the default
cpu_tuple_cost and 10x cheaper than the default parallel_tuple_cost.
It's hard to imagine a situation where fetching a tuple from a foreign
server would be cheaper than fetching one from a parallel worker.

After some experimentation on a loopback server, somewhere between 0.15
and 0.3 seems more realistic.  Here we split the difference and set it
to 0.2.

This will cause operations that reduce the number of tuples (e.g.
aggregation) to be more likely to take place on the foreign server.

Adjusting this causes some plan changes in the postgres_fdw regression
tests.  This is because penalizing each Path with the additional tuple
costs causes some dilution of the costs of the other operations being
charged for and results in various paths appearing to be closer to the
same costs such that add_path's STD_FUZZ_FACTOR is more likely to see two
paths as costing (fuzzily) the same.  This isn't ideal, but it shouldn't
be reason enough to use artificially low costs.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAApHDvopVjjfh5c1Ed2HRvDdfom2dEpMwwiu5-f1AnmYprJngA@mail.gmail.com
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PostgreSQL Database Management System
=====================================

This directory contains the source code distribution of the PostgreSQL
database management system.

PostgreSQL is an advanced object-relational database management system
that supports an extended subset of the SQL standard, including
transactions, foreign keys, subqueries, triggers, user-defined types
and functions.  This distribution also contains C language bindings.

PostgreSQL has many language interfaces, many of which are listed here:

	https://www.postgresql.org/download/

See the file INSTALL for instructions on how to build and install
PostgreSQL.  That file also lists supported operating systems and
hardware platforms and contains information regarding any other
software packages that are required to build or run the PostgreSQL
system.  Copyright and license information can be found in the
file COPYRIGHT.  A comprehensive documentation set is included in this
distribution; it can be read as described in the installation
instructions.

The latest version of this software may be obtained at
https://www.postgresql.org/download/.  For more information look at our
web site located at https://www.postgresql.org/.
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