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Commit dd299df8 made nbtree treat heap TID as a tiebreaker column, establishing the principle that there is only one correct location (page and page offset number) for every index tuple, no matter what. Insertions of tuples into non-unique indexes proceed as if heap TID (scan key's scantid) is just another user-attribute value, but insertions into unique indexes are more delicate. The TID value in scantid must initially be omitted to ensure that the unique index insertion visits every leaf page that duplicates could be on. The scantid is set once again after unique checking finishes successfully, which can force _bt_findinsertloc() to step right one or more times, to locate the leaf page that the new tuple must be inserted on. Stepping right within _bt_findinsertloc() was assumed to occur no more frequently than stepping right within _bt_check_unique(), but there was one important case where that assumption was incorrect: inserting a "duplicate" with NULL values. Since _bt_check_unique() didn't do any real work in this case, it wasn't appropriate for _bt_findinsertloc() to behave as if it was finishing off a conventional unique insertion, where any existing physical duplicate must be dead or recently dead. _bt_findinsertloc() might have to grovel through a substantial portion of all of the leaf pages in the index to insert a single tuple, even when there were no dead tuples. To fix, treat insertions of tuples with NULLs into a unique index as if they were insertions into a non-unique index: never unset scantid before calling _bt_search() to descend the tree, and bypass _bt_check_unique() entirely. _bt_check_unique() is no longer responsible for incoming tuples with NULL values. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAH2-Wzm08nr+JPx4jMOa9CGqxWYDQ-_D4wtPBiKghXAUiUy-nQ@mail.gmail.com
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