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postgres/src/test/regress/sql/constraints.sql
Peter Eisentraut 94aa7cc5f7 Add UNIQUE null treatment option 
The SQL standard has been ambiguous about whether null values in
unique constraints should be considered equal or not.  Different
implementations have different behaviors.  In the SQL:202x draft, this
has been formalized by making this implementation-defined and adding
an option on unique constraint definitions UNIQUE [ NULLS [NOT]
DISTINCT ] to choose a behavior explicitly.

This patch adds this option to PostgreSQL.  The default behavior
remains UNIQUE NULLS DISTINCT.  Making this happen in the btree code
is pretty easy; most of the patch is just to carry the flag around to
all the places that need it.

The CREATE UNIQUE INDEX syntax extension is not from the standard,
it's my own invention.

I named all the internal flags, catalog columns, etc. in the negative
("nulls not distinct") so that the default PostgreSQL behavior is the
default if the flag is false.

Reviewed-by: Maxim Orlov <orlovmg@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Pavel Borisov <pashkin.elfe@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/84e5ee1b-387e-9a54-c326-9082674bde78@enterprisedb.com
2022-02-03 11:48:21 +01:00

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--
-- CONSTRAINTS
-- Constraints can be specified with:
-- - DEFAULT clause
-- - CHECK clauses
-- - PRIMARY KEY clauses
-- - UNIQUE clauses
-- - EXCLUDE clauses
--
-- directory paths are passed to us in environment variables
\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
--
-- DEFAULT syntax
--
CREATE TABLE DEFAULT_TBL (i int DEFAULT 100,
x text DEFAULT 'vadim', f float8 DEFAULT 123.456);
INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL VALUES (1, 'thomas', 57.0613);
INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL VALUES (1, 'bruce');
INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL (i, f) VALUES (2, 987.654);
INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL (x) VALUES ('marc');
INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL VALUES (3, null, 1.0);
SELECT * FROM DEFAULT_TBL;
CREATE SEQUENCE DEFAULT_SEQ;
CREATE TABLE DEFAULTEXPR_TBL (i1 int DEFAULT 100 + (200-199) * 2,
i2 int DEFAULT nextval('default_seq'));
INSERT INTO DEFAULTEXPR_TBL VALUES (-1, -2);
INSERT INTO DEFAULTEXPR_TBL (i1) VALUES (-3);
INSERT INTO DEFAULTEXPR_TBL (i2) VALUES (-4);
INSERT INTO DEFAULTEXPR_TBL (i2) VALUES (NULL);
SELECT * FROM DEFAULTEXPR_TBL;
-- syntax errors
-- test for extraneous comma
CREATE TABLE error_tbl (i int DEFAULT (100, ));
-- this will fail because gram.y uses b_expr not a_expr for defaults,
-- to avoid a shift/reduce conflict that arises from NOT NULL being
-- part of the column definition syntax:
CREATE TABLE error_tbl (b1 bool DEFAULT 1 IN (1, 2));
-- this should work, however:
CREATE TABLE error_tbl (b1 bool DEFAULT (1 IN (1, 2)));
DROP TABLE error_tbl;
--
-- CHECK syntax
--
CREATE TABLE CHECK_TBL (x int,
CONSTRAINT CHECK_CON CHECK (x > 3));
INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (5);
INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (4);
INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (3);
INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (2);
INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (6);
INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (1);
SELECT * FROM CHECK_TBL;
CREATE SEQUENCE CHECK_SEQ;
CREATE TABLE CHECK2_TBL (x int, y text, z int,
CONSTRAINT SEQUENCE_CON
CHECK (x > 3 and y <> 'check failed' and z < 8));
INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (4, 'check ok', -2);
INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (1, 'x check failed', -2);
INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (5, 'z check failed', 10);
INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (0, 'check failed', -2);
INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (6, 'check failed', 11);
INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (7, 'check ok', 7);
SELECT * from CHECK2_TBL;
--
-- Check constraints on INSERT
--
CREATE SEQUENCE INSERT_SEQ;
CREATE TABLE INSERT_TBL (x INT DEFAULT nextval('insert_seq'),
y TEXT DEFAULT '-NULL-',
z INT DEFAULT -1 * currval('insert_seq'),
CONSTRAINT INSERT_TBL_CON CHECK (x >= 3 AND y <> 'check failed' AND x < 8),
CHECK (x + z = 0));
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(x,z) VALUES (2, -2);
SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
SELECT 'one' AS one, nextval('insert_seq');
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('Y');
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('Y');
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(x,z) VALUES (1, -2);
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(z,x) VALUES (-7, 7);
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL VALUES (5, 'check failed', -5);
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL VALUES (7, '!check failed', -7);
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('-!NULL-');
SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y,z) VALUES ('check failed', 4);
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(x,y) VALUES (5, 'check failed');
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(x,y) VALUES (5, '!check failed');
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('-!NULL-');
SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
SELECT 'seven' AS one, nextval('insert_seq');
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('Y');
SELECT 'eight' AS one, currval('insert_seq');
-- According to SQL, it is OK to insert a record that gives rise to NULL
-- constraint-condition results. Postgres used to reject this, but it
-- was wrong:
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL VALUES (null, null, null);
SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
--
-- Check constraints on system columns
--
CREATE TABLE SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL (city text, state text, is_capital bool,
altitude int,
CHECK (NOT (is_capital AND tableoid::regclass::text = 'sys_col_check_tbl')));
INSERT INTO SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL VALUES ('Seattle', 'Washington', false, 100);
INSERT INTO SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL VALUES ('Olympia', 'Washington', true, 100);
SELECT *, tableoid::regclass::text FROM SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL;
DROP TABLE SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL;
--
-- Check constraints on system columns other then TableOid should return error
--
CREATE TABLE SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL (city text, state text, is_capital bool,
altitude int,
CHECK (NOT (is_capital AND ctid::text = 'sys_col_check_tbl')));
--
-- Check inheritance of defaults and constraints
--
CREATE TABLE INSERT_CHILD (cx INT default 42,
cy INT CHECK (cy > x))
INHERITS (INSERT_TBL);
INSERT INTO INSERT_CHILD(x,z,cy) VALUES (7,-7,11);
INSERT INTO INSERT_CHILD(x,z,cy) VALUES (7,-7,6);
INSERT INTO INSERT_CHILD(x,z,cy) VALUES (6,-7,7);
INSERT INTO INSERT_CHILD(x,y,z,cy) VALUES (6,'check failed',-6,7);
SELECT * FROM INSERT_CHILD;
DROP TABLE INSERT_CHILD;
--
-- Check NO INHERIT type of constraints and inheritance
--
CREATE TABLE ATACC1 (TEST INT
CHECK (TEST > 0) NO INHERIT);
CREATE TABLE ATACC2 (TEST2 INT) INHERITS (ATACC1);
-- check constraint is not there on child
INSERT INTO ATACC2 (TEST) VALUES (-3);
-- check constraint is there on parent
INSERT INTO ATACC1 (TEST) VALUES (-3);
DROP TABLE ATACC1 CASCADE;
CREATE TABLE ATACC1 (TEST INT, TEST2 INT
CHECK (TEST > 0), CHECK (TEST2 > 10) NO INHERIT);
CREATE TABLE ATACC2 () INHERITS (ATACC1);
-- check constraint is there on child
INSERT INTO ATACC2 (TEST) VALUES (-3);
-- check constraint is there on parent
INSERT INTO ATACC1 (TEST) VALUES (-3);
-- check constraint is not there on child
INSERT INTO ATACC2 (TEST2) VALUES (3);
-- check constraint is there on parent
INSERT INTO ATACC1 (TEST2) VALUES (3);
DROP TABLE ATACC1 CASCADE;
--
-- Check constraints on INSERT INTO
--
DELETE FROM INSERT_TBL;
ALTER SEQUENCE INSERT_SEQ RESTART WITH 4;
CREATE TEMP TABLE tmp (xd INT, yd TEXT, zd INT);
INSERT INTO tmp VALUES (null, 'Y', null);
INSERT INTO tmp VALUES (5, '!check failed', null);
INSERT INTO tmp VALUES (null, 'try again', null);
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) select yd from tmp;
SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL SELECT * FROM tmp WHERE yd = 'try again';
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y,z) SELECT yd, -7 FROM tmp WHERE yd = 'try again';
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y,z) SELECT yd, -8 FROM tmp WHERE yd = 'try again';
SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
DROP TABLE tmp;
--
-- Check constraints on UPDATE
--
UPDATE INSERT_TBL SET x = NULL WHERE x = 5;
UPDATE INSERT_TBL SET x = 6 WHERE x = 6;
UPDATE INSERT_TBL SET x = -z, z = -x;
UPDATE INSERT_TBL SET x = z, z = x;
SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
-- DROP TABLE INSERT_TBL;
--
-- Check constraints on COPY FROM
--
CREATE TABLE COPY_TBL (x INT, y TEXT, z INT,
CONSTRAINT COPY_CON
CHECK (x > 3 AND y <> 'check failed' AND x < 7 ));
\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/constro.data'
COPY COPY_TBL FROM :'filename';
SELECT * FROM COPY_TBL;
\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/constrf.data'
COPY COPY_TBL FROM :'filename';
SELECT * FROM COPY_TBL;
--
-- Primary keys
--
CREATE TABLE PRIMARY_TBL (i int PRIMARY KEY, t text);
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (4, 'three');
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
SELECT * FROM PRIMARY_TBL;
DROP TABLE PRIMARY_TBL;
CREATE TABLE PRIMARY_TBL (i int, t text,
PRIMARY KEY(i,t));
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (4, 'three');
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
SELECT * FROM PRIMARY_TBL;
DROP TABLE PRIMARY_TBL;
--
-- Unique keys
--
CREATE TABLE UNIQUE_TBL (i int UNIQUE, t text);
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (4, 'four');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('seven');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (5, 'five-upsert-insert') ON CONFLICT (i) DO UPDATE SET t = 'five-upsert-update';
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (6, 'six-upsert-insert') ON CONFLICT (i) DO UPDATE SET t = 'six-upsert-update';
-- should fail
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (2, 'b') ON CONFLICT (i) DO UPDATE SET t = 'fails';
SELECT * FROM UNIQUE_TBL;
DROP TABLE UNIQUE_TBL;
CREATE TABLE UNIQUE_TBL (i int UNIQUE NULLS NOT DISTINCT, t text);
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (4, 'four');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('seven');
SELECT * FROM UNIQUE_TBL;
DROP TABLE UNIQUE_TBL;
CREATE TABLE UNIQUE_TBL (i int, t text,
UNIQUE(i,t));
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
SELECT * FROM UNIQUE_TBL;
DROP TABLE UNIQUE_TBL;
--
-- Deferrable unique constraints
--
CREATE TABLE unique_tbl (i int UNIQUE DEFERRABLE, t text);
INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (0, 'one');
INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (1, 'two');
INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (2, 'tree');
INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'four');
INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (4, 'five');
BEGIN;
-- default is immediate so this should fail right away
UPDATE unique_tbl SET i = 1 WHERE i = 0;
ROLLBACK;
-- check is done at end of statement, so this should succeed
UPDATE unique_tbl SET i = i+1;
SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
-- explicitly defer the constraint
BEGIN;
SET CONSTRAINTS unique_tbl_i_key DEFERRED;
INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'three');
DELETE FROM unique_tbl WHERE t = 'tree'; -- makes constraint valid again
COMMIT; -- should succeed
SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
-- try adding an initially deferred constraint
ALTER TABLE unique_tbl DROP CONSTRAINT unique_tbl_i_key;
ALTER TABLE unique_tbl ADD CONSTRAINT unique_tbl_i_key
UNIQUE (i) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (1, 'five');
INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (5, 'one');
UPDATE unique_tbl SET i = 4 WHERE i = 2;
UPDATE unique_tbl SET i = 2 WHERE i = 4 AND t = 'four';
DELETE FROM unique_tbl WHERE i = 1 AND t = 'one';
DELETE FROM unique_tbl WHERE i = 5 AND t = 'five';
COMMIT;
SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
-- should fail at commit-time
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'Three'); -- should succeed for now
COMMIT; -- should fail
-- make constraint check immediate
BEGIN;
SET CONSTRAINTS ALL IMMEDIATE;
INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'Three'); -- should fail
COMMIT;
-- forced check when SET CONSTRAINTS is called
BEGIN;
SET CONSTRAINTS ALL DEFERRED;
INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'Three'); -- should succeed for now
SET CONSTRAINTS ALL IMMEDIATE; -- should fail
COMMIT;
-- test deferrable UNIQUE with a partitioned table
CREATE TABLE parted_uniq_tbl (i int UNIQUE DEFERRABLE) partition by range (i);
CREATE TABLE parted_uniq_tbl_1 PARTITION OF parted_uniq_tbl FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10);
CREATE TABLE parted_uniq_tbl_2 PARTITION OF parted_uniq_tbl FOR VALUES FROM (20) TO (30);
SELECT conname, conrelid::regclass FROM pg_constraint
WHERE conname LIKE 'parted_uniq%' ORDER BY conname;
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO parted_uniq_tbl VALUES (1);
SAVEPOINT f;
INSERT INTO parted_uniq_tbl VALUES (1); -- unique violation
ROLLBACK TO f;
SET CONSTRAINTS parted_uniq_tbl_i_key DEFERRED;
INSERT INTO parted_uniq_tbl VALUES (1); -- OK now, fail at commit
COMMIT;
DROP TABLE parted_uniq_tbl;
-- test a HOT update that invalidates the conflicting tuple.
-- the trigger should still fire and catch the violation
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'Three'); -- should succeed for now
UPDATE unique_tbl SET t = 'THREE' WHERE i = 3 AND t = 'Three';
COMMIT; -- should fail
SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
-- test a HOT update that modifies the newly inserted tuple,
-- but should succeed because we then remove the other conflicting tuple.
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES(3, 'tree'); -- should succeed for now
UPDATE unique_tbl SET t = 'threex' WHERE t = 'tree';
DELETE FROM unique_tbl WHERE t = 'three';
SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
COMMIT;
SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
DROP TABLE unique_tbl;
--
-- EXCLUDE constraints
--
CREATE TABLE circles (
c1 CIRCLE,
c2 TEXT,
EXCLUDE USING gist
(c1 WITH &&, (c2::circle) WITH &&)
WHERE (circle_center(c1) <> '(0,0)')
);
-- these should succeed because they don't match the index predicate
INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(0,0), 5>', '<(0,0), 5>');
INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(0,0), 5>', '<(0,0), 4>');
-- succeed
INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(10,10), 10>', '<(0,0), 5>');
-- fail, overlaps
INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 10>', '<(0,0), 4>');
-- succeed, because violation is ignored
INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 10>', '<(0,0), 4>')
ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT circles_c1_c2_excl DO NOTHING;
-- fail, because DO UPDATE variant requires unique index
INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 10>', '<(0,0), 4>')
ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT circles_c1_c2_excl DO UPDATE SET c2 = EXCLUDED.c2;
-- succeed because c1 doesn't overlap
INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 1>', '<(0,0), 5>');
-- succeed because c2 doesn't overlap
INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 10>', '<(10,10), 5>');
-- should fail on existing data without the WHERE clause
ALTER TABLE circles ADD EXCLUDE USING gist
(c1 WITH &&, (c2::circle) WITH &&);
-- try reindexing an existing constraint
REINDEX INDEX circles_c1_c2_excl;
DROP TABLE circles;
-- Check deferred exclusion constraint
CREATE TABLE deferred_excl (
f1 int,
f2 int,
CONSTRAINT deferred_excl_con EXCLUDE (f1 WITH =) INITIALLY DEFERRED
);
INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(1);
INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(2);
INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(1); -- fail
INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(1) ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT deferred_excl_con DO NOTHING; -- fail
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(2); -- no fail here
COMMIT; -- should fail here
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(3);
INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(3); -- no fail here
COMMIT; -- should fail here
-- bug #13148: deferred constraint versus HOT update
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(2, 1); -- no fail here
DELETE FROM deferred_excl WHERE f1 = 2 AND f2 IS NULL; -- remove old row
UPDATE deferred_excl SET f2 = 2 WHERE f1 = 2;
COMMIT; -- should not fail
SELECT * FROM deferred_excl;
ALTER TABLE deferred_excl DROP CONSTRAINT deferred_excl_con;
-- This should fail, but worth testing because of HOT updates
UPDATE deferred_excl SET f1 = 3;
ALTER TABLE deferred_excl ADD EXCLUDE (f1 WITH =);
DROP TABLE deferred_excl;
-- Comments
-- Setup a low-level role to enforce non-superuser checks.
CREATE ROLE regress_constraint_comments;
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_constraint_comments;
CREATE TABLE constraint_comments_tbl (a int CONSTRAINT the_constraint CHECK (a > 0));
CREATE DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom AS int CONSTRAINT the_constraint CHECK (value > 0);
COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON constraint_comments_tbl IS 'yes, the comment';
COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom IS 'yes, another comment';
-- no such constraint
COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT no_constraint ON constraint_comments_tbl IS 'yes, the comment';
COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT no_constraint ON DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom IS 'yes, another comment';
-- no such table/domain
COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON no_comments_tbl IS 'bad comment';
COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON DOMAIN no_comments_dom IS 'another bad comment';
COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON constraint_comments_tbl IS NULL;
COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom IS NULL;
-- unauthorized user
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
CREATE ROLE regress_constraint_comments_noaccess;
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_constraint_comments_noaccess;
COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON constraint_comments_tbl IS 'no, the comment';
COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom IS 'no, another comment';
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
DROP TABLE constraint_comments_tbl;
DROP DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom;
DROP ROLE regress_constraint_comments;
DROP ROLE regress_constraint_comments_noaccess;
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