Tom Lane 7515982636 Fix failure with SQL-procedure polymorphic output arguments in v12.
Before the v13-era commit 913bbd88d, check_sql_fn_retval fails to
resolve polymorphic output types and then just throws up its hands and
assumes the check will be made at runtime.  I think that's true for
ordinary functions returning RECORD, but it doesn't happen in CALL,
potentially resulting in crashes if the actual output of the SQL
procedure's SELECT doesn't match the type inferred from polymorphism.
With a little bit of rearrangement, we can use get_call_result_type
instead of get_func_result_type and thereby infer the correct types.

I'm still unwilling to back-patch all of 913bbd88d, so if the types
don't match you'll get an error rather than perhaps silently inserting
a cast as v13 and later can.  That's consistent with prior behavior
though, so it seems fine.

Prior to 70ffb27b2, you'd typically get other errors due to other
shortcomings of CALL's management of polymorphism.  Nonetheless,
this is an independent bug.

Although there is no bug in v13 and up, it seems prudent to add
the test case for this to the newer branches too.  It's clearly
an under-tested area.

Per report from Andrew Bille.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAJnzarw9EeWHAQRm76dXd=7j+rgw6ERqC=nCay8jeFqTwKwhqQ@mail.gmail.com
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PostgreSQL Database Management System

This directory contains the source code distribution of the PostgreSQL database management system.

PostgreSQL is an advanced object-relational database management system that supports an extended subset of the SQL standard, including transactions, foreign keys, subqueries, triggers, user-defined types and functions. This distribution also contains C language bindings.

Copyright and license information can be found in the file COPYRIGHT.

General documentation about this version of PostgreSQL can be found at https://www.postgresql.org/docs/devel/. In particular, information about building PostgreSQL from the source code can be found at https://www.postgresql.org/docs/devel/installation.html.

The latest version of this software, and related software, may be obtained at https://www.postgresql.org/download/. For more information look at our web site located at https://www.postgresql.org/.

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