Noah Misch 5b94e2bd4d ecpglib: call newlocale() once per process.
ecpglib has been calling it once per SQL query and once per EXEC SQL GET
DESCRIPTOR.  Instead, if newlocale() has not succeeded before, call it
while establishing a connection.  This mitigates three problems:
- If newlocale() failed in EXEC SQL GET DESCRIPTOR, the command silently
  proceeded without the intended locale change.
- On AIX, each newlocale()+freelocale() cycle leaked memory.
- newlocale() CPU usage may have been nontrivial.

Fail the connection attempt if newlocale() fails.  Rearrange
ecpg_do_prologue() to validate the connection before its uselocale().

The sort of program that may regress is one running in an environment
where newlocale() fails.  If that program establishes connections
without running SQL statements, it will stop working in response to this
change.  I'm betting against the importance of such an ECPG use case.
Most SQL execution (any using ECPGdo()) has long required newlocale()
success, so there's little a connection could do without newlocale().

Back-patch to v10 (all supported versions).

Reviewed by Tom Lane.  Reported by Guillaume Lelarge.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20220101074055.GA54621@rfd.leadboat.com
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PostgreSQL Database Management System
=====================================

This directory contains the source code distribution of the PostgreSQL
database management system.

PostgreSQL is an advanced object-relational database management system
that supports an extended subset of the SQL standard, including
transactions, foreign keys, subqueries, triggers, user-defined types
and functions.  This distribution also contains C language bindings.

PostgreSQL has many language interfaces, many of which are listed here:

	https://www.postgresql.org/download/

See the file INSTALL for instructions on how to build and install
PostgreSQL.  That file also lists supported operating systems and
hardware platforms and contains information regarding any other
software packages that are required to build or run the PostgreSQL
system.  Copyright and license information can be found in the
file COPYRIGHT.  A comprehensive documentation set is included in this
distribution; it can be read as described in the installation
instructions.

The latest version of this software may be obtained at
https://www.postgresql.org/download/.  For more information look at our
web site located at https://www.postgresql.org/.
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