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postgres/contrib/pgbench/pgbench.c

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/*
* pgbench.c
*
* A simple benchmark program for PostgreSQL
* Originally written by Tatsuo Ishii and enhanced by many contributors.
*
* $PostgreSQL: pgsql/contrib/pgbench/pgbench.c,v 1.80 2008/05/09 15:53:07 tgl Exp $
* Copyright (c) 2000-2008, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* ALL RIGHTS RESERVED;
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
* documentation for any purpose, without fee, and without a written agreement
* is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this
* paragraph and the following two paragraphs appear in all copies.
*
* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR DISTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR
* DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING
* LOST PROFITS, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS
* DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF THE AUTHOR OR DISTRIBUTORS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* THE AUTHOR AND DISTRIBUTORS SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES,
* INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
* AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS
* ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE AUTHOR AND DISTRIBUTORS HAS NO OBLIGATIONS TO
* PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
*
*/
#include "postgres_fe.h"
#include "libpq-fe.h"
#include <ctype.h>
#ifdef WIN32
#undef FD_SETSIZE
#define FD_SETSIZE 1024
#include <win32.h>
#else
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#endif /* ! WIN32 */
#ifdef HAVE_GETOPT_H
#include <getopt.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H
#include <sys/select.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H
#include <sys/resource.h> /* for getrlimit */
#endif
extern char *optarg;
extern int optind;
/********************************************************************
* some configurable parameters */
/* max number of clients allowed */
#ifdef FD_SETSIZE
#define MAXCLIENTS (FD_SETSIZE - 10)
#else
#define MAXCLIENTS 1024
#endif
int nclients = 1; /* default number of simulated clients */
int nxacts = 10; /* default number of transactions per clients */
/*
* scaling factor. for example, scale = 10 will make 1000000 tuples of
* accounts table.
*/
int scale = 1;
/*
* fillfactor. for example, fillfactor = 90 will use only 90 percent
* space during inserts and leave 10 percent free.
*/
int fillfactor = 100;
/*
* end of configurable parameters
*********************************************************************/
#define nbranches 1
#define ntellers 10
#define naccounts 100000
FILE *LOGFILE = NULL;
bool use_log; /* log transaction latencies to a file */
int remains; /* number of remaining clients */
int is_connect; /* establish connection for each transaction */
char *pghost = "";
char *pgport = "";
char *pgoptions = NULL;
char *pgtty = NULL;
char *login = NULL;
char *dbName;
/* variable definitions */
typedef struct
{
char *name; /* variable name */
char *value; /* its value */
} Variable;
#define MAX_FILES 128 /* max number of SQL script files allowed */
/*
* structures used in custom query mode
*/
typedef struct
{
PGconn *con; /* connection handle to DB */
int id; /* client No. */
int state; /* state No. */
int cnt; /* xacts count */
int ecnt; /* error count */
int listen; /* 0 indicates that an async query has been
* sent */
int sleeping; /* 1 indicates that the client is napping */
struct timeval until; /* napping until */
Variable *variables; /* array of variable definitions */
int nvariables;
struct timeval txn_begin; /* used for measuring latencies */
int use_file; /* index in sql_files for this client */
bool prepared[MAX_FILES];
} CState;
/*
* queries read from files
*/
#define SQL_COMMAND 1
#define META_COMMAND 2
#define MAX_ARGS 10
typedef enum QueryMode
{
QUERY_SIMPLE, /* simple query */
QUERY_EXTENDED, /* extended query */
QUERY_PREPARED, /* extended query with prepared statements */
NUM_QUERYMODE
} QueryMode;
static QueryMode querymode = QUERY_SIMPLE;
static const char *QUERYMODE[] = { "simple", "extended", "prepared" };
typedef struct
{
int type; /* command type (SQL_COMMAND or META_COMMAND) */
int argc; /* number of commands */
char *argv[MAX_ARGS]; /* command list */
} Command;
Command **sql_files[MAX_FILES]; /* SQL script files */
int num_files; /* its number */
/* default scenario */
static char *tpc_b = {
"\\set nbranches :scale\n"
"\\set ntellers 10 * :scale\n"
"\\set naccounts 100000 * :scale\n"
"\\setrandom aid 1 :naccounts\n"
"\\setrandom bid 1 :nbranches\n"
"\\setrandom tid 1 :ntellers\n"
"\\setrandom delta -5000 5000\n"
"BEGIN;\n"
"UPDATE accounts SET abalance = abalance + :delta WHERE aid = :aid;\n"
"SELECT abalance FROM accounts WHERE aid = :aid;\n"
"UPDATE tellers SET tbalance = tbalance + :delta WHERE tid = :tid;\n"
"UPDATE branches SET bbalance = bbalance + :delta WHERE bid = :bid;\n"
"INSERT INTO history (tid, bid, aid, delta, mtime) VALUES (:tid, :bid, :aid, :delta, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);\n"
"END;\n"
};
/* -N case */
static char *simple_update = {
"\\set nbranches :scale\n"
"\\set ntellers 10 * :scale\n"
"\\set naccounts 100000 * :scale\n"
"\\setrandom aid 1 :naccounts\n"
"\\setrandom bid 1 :nbranches\n"
"\\setrandom tid 1 :ntellers\n"
"\\setrandom delta -5000 5000\n"
"BEGIN;\n"
"UPDATE accounts SET abalance = abalance + :delta WHERE aid = :aid;\n"
"SELECT abalance FROM accounts WHERE aid = :aid;\n"
"INSERT INTO history (tid, bid, aid, delta, mtime) VALUES (:tid, :bid, :aid, :delta, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);\n"
"END;\n"
};
/* -S case */
static char *select_only = {
"\\set naccounts 100000 * :scale\n"
"\\setrandom aid 1 :naccounts\n"
"SELECT abalance FROM accounts WHERE aid = :aid;\n"
};
/* Connection overhead time */
static struct timeval conn_total_time = {0, 0};
/* Calculate total time */
static void
addTime(struct timeval *t1, struct timeval *t2, struct timeval *result)
{
int sec = t1->tv_sec + t2->tv_sec;
int usec = t1->tv_usec + t2->tv_usec;
if (usec >= 1000000)
{
usec -= 1000000;
sec++;
}
result->tv_sec = sec;
result->tv_usec = usec;
}
/* Calculate time difference */
static void
diffTime(struct timeval *t1, struct timeval *t2, struct timeval *result)
{
int sec = t1->tv_sec - t2->tv_sec;
int usec = t1->tv_usec - t2->tv_usec;
if (usec < 0)
{
usec += 1000000;
sec--;
}
result->tv_sec = sec;
result->tv_usec = usec;
}
static void
usage(void)
{
fprintf(stderr, "usage: pgbench [-h hostname][-p port][-c nclients][-t ntransactions][-s scaling_factor][-D varname=value][-n][-C][-v][-S][-N][-M querymode][-f filename][-l][-U login][-d][dbname]\n");
fprintf(stderr, "(initialize mode): pgbench -i [-h hostname][-p port][-s scaling_factor] [-F fillfactor] [-U login][-d][dbname]\n");
}
/* random number generator: uniform distribution from min to max inclusive */
static int
getrand(int min, int max)
{
/*
* Odd coding is so that min and max have approximately the same chance of
* being selected as do numbers between them.
*/
return min + (int) (((max - min + 1) * (double) random()) / (MAX_RANDOM_VALUE + 1.0));
}
/* call PQexec() and exit() on failure */
static void
executeStatement(PGconn *con, const char *sql)
{
PGresult *res;
res = PQexec(con, sql);
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(con));
exit(1);
}
PQclear(res);
}
/* set up a connection to the backend */
static PGconn *
doConnect(void)
{
PGconn *conn;
static char *password = NULL;
bool new_pass;
/*
* Start the connection. Loop until we have a password if requested by
* backend.
*/
do
{
new_pass = false;
conn = PQsetdbLogin(pghost, pgport, pgoptions, pgtty, dbName,
login, password);
if (!conn)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Connection to database \"%s\" failed\n",
dbName);
return NULL;
}
if (PQstatus(conn) == CONNECTION_BAD &&
PQconnectionNeedsPassword(conn) &&
password == NULL &&
!feof(stdin))
{
PQfinish(conn);
password = simple_prompt("Password: ", 100, false);
new_pass = true;
}
} while (new_pass);
/* check to see that the backend connection was successfully made */
if (PQstatus(conn) == CONNECTION_BAD)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Connection to database \"%s\" failed:\n%s",
dbName, PQerrorMessage(conn));
PQfinish(conn);
return NULL;
}
executeStatement(conn, "SET search_path = public");
return conn;
}
/* throw away response from backend */
static void
discard_response(CState * state)
{
PGresult *res;
do
{
res = PQgetResult(state->con);
if (res)
PQclear(res);
} while (res);
}
/* check to see if the SQL result was good */
static int
check(CState * state, PGresult *res, int n)
{
CState *st = &state[n];
switch (PQresultStatus(res))
{
case PGRES_COMMAND_OK:
case PGRES_TUPLES_OK:
/* OK */
break;
default:
fprintf(stderr, "Client %d aborted in state %d: %s",
n, st->state, PQerrorMessage(st->con));
remains--; /* I've aborted */
PQfinish(st->con);
st->con = NULL;
return (-1);
}
return (0); /* OK */
}
static int
compareVariables(const void *v1, const void *v2)
{
return strcmp(((const Variable *) v1)->name,
((const Variable *) v2)->name);
}
static char *
getVariable(CState * st, char *name)
{
Variable key,
*var;
/* On some versions of Solaris, bsearch of zero items dumps core */
if (st->nvariables <= 0)
return NULL;
key.name = name;
var = (Variable *) bsearch((void *) &key,
(void *) st->variables,
st->nvariables,
sizeof(Variable),
compareVariables);
if (var != NULL)
return var->value;
else
return NULL;
}
static int
putVariable(CState * st, char *name, char *value)
{
Variable key,
*var;
key.name = name;
/* On some versions of Solaris, bsearch of zero items dumps core */
if (st->nvariables > 0)
var = (Variable *) bsearch((void *) &key,
(void *) st->variables,
st->nvariables,
sizeof(Variable),
compareVariables);
else
var = NULL;
if (var == NULL)
{
Variable *newvars;
if (st->variables)
newvars = (Variable *) realloc(st->variables,
(st->nvariables + 1) * sizeof(Variable));
else
newvars = (Variable *) malloc(sizeof(Variable));
if (newvars == NULL)
return false;
st->variables = newvars;
var = &newvars[st->nvariables];
var->name = NULL;
var->value = NULL;
if ((var->name = strdup(name)) == NULL
|| (var->value = strdup(value)) == NULL)
{
free(var->name);
free(var->value);
return false;
}
st->nvariables++;
qsort((void *) st->variables, st->nvariables, sizeof(Variable),
compareVariables);
}
else
{
char *val;
if ((val = strdup(value)) == NULL)
return false;
free(var->value);
var->value = val;
}
return true;
}
static char *
parseVariable(const char *sql, int *eaten)
{
int i = 0;
char *name;
do
{
i++;
} while (isalnum((unsigned char) sql[i]) || sql[i] == '_');
if (i == 1)
return NULL;
name = malloc(i);
if (name == NULL)
return NULL;
memcpy(name, &sql[1], i - 1);
name[i - 1] = '\0';
*eaten = i;
return name;
}
static char *
replaceVariable(char **sql, char *param, int len, char *value)
{
int valueln = strlen(value);
if (valueln > len)
{
char *tmp;
size_t offset = param - *sql;
tmp = realloc(*sql, strlen(*sql) - len + valueln + 1);
if (tmp == NULL)
{
free(*sql);
return NULL;
}
*sql = tmp;
param = *sql + offset;
}
if (valueln != len)
memmove(param + valueln, param + len, strlen(param + len) + 1);
strncpy(param, value, valueln);
return param + valueln;
}
static char *
assignVariables(CState * st, char *sql)
{
char *p,
*name,
*val;
p = sql;
while ((p = strchr(p, ':')) != NULL)
{
int eaten;
name = parseVariable(p, &eaten);
if (name == NULL)
{
while (*p == ':') { p++; }
continue;
}
val = getVariable(st, name);
free(name);
if (val == NULL)
{
p++;
continue;
}
if ((p = replaceVariable(&sql, p, eaten, val)) == NULL)
return NULL;
}
return sql;
}
static void
getQueryParams(CState *st, const Command *command, const char **params)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < command->argc - 1; i++)
params[i] = getVariable(st, command->argv[i+1]);
}
#define MAX_PREPARE_NAME 32
static void
preparedStatementName(char *buffer, int file, int state)
{
sprintf(buffer, "P%d_%d", file, state);
}
static void
doCustom(CState * state, int n, int debug)
{
PGresult *res;
CState *st = &state[n];
Command **commands;
top:
commands = sql_files[st->use_file];
if (st->sleeping)
{ /* are we sleeping? */
int usec;
struct timeval now;
gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
usec = (st->until.tv_sec - now.tv_sec) * 1000000 +
st->until.tv_usec - now.tv_usec;
if (usec <= 0)
st->sleeping = 0; /* Done sleeping, go ahead with next command */
else
return; /* Still sleeping, nothing to do here */
}
if (st->listen)
{ /* are we receiver? */
if (commands[st->state]->type == SQL_COMMAND)
{
if (debug)
fprintf(stderr, "client %d receiving\n", n);
if (!PQconsumeInput(st->con))
{ /* there's something wrong */
fprintf(stderr, "Client %d aborted in state %d. Probably the backend died while processing.\n", n, st->state);
remains--; /* I've aborted */
PQfinish(st->con);
st->con = NULL;
return;
}
if (PQisBusy(st->con))
return; /* don't have the whole result yet */
}
/*
* transaction finished: record the time it took in the log
*/
if (use_log && commands[st->state + 1] == NULL)
{
double diff;
struct timeval now;
gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
diff = (int) (now.tv_sec - st->txn_begin.tv_sec) * 1000000.0 +
(int) (now.tv_usec - st->txn_begin.tv_usec);
fprintf(LOGFILE, "%d %d %.0f %d %ld %ld\n",
st->id, st->cnt, diff, st->use_file,
(long) now.tv_sec, (long) now.tv_usec);
}
if (commands[st->state]->type == SQL_COMMAND)
{
res = PQgetResult(st->con);
if (check(state, res, n))
{
PQclear(res);
return;
}
PQclear(res);
discard_response(st);
}
if (commands[st->state + 1] == NULL)
{
if (is_connect)
{
PQfinish(st->con);
st->con = NULL;
}
if (++st->cnt >= nxacts)
{
remains--; /* I've done */
if (st->con != NULL)
{
PQfinish(st->con);
st->con = NULL;
}
return;
}
}
/* increment state counter */
st->state++;
if (commands[st->state] == NULL)
{
st->state = 0;
st->use_file = getrand(0, num_files - 1);
commands = sql_files[st->use_file];
}
}
if (st->con == NULL)
{
struct timeval t1, t2, t3;
gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
if ((st->con = doConnect()) == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Client %d aborted in establishing connection.\n",
n);
remains--; /* I've aborted */
PQfinish(st->con);
st->con = NULL;
return;
}
gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
diffTime(&t2, &t1, &t3);
addTime(&conn_total_time, &t3, &conn_total_time);
}
if (use_log && st->state == 0)
gettimeofday(&(st->txn_begin), NULL);
if (commands[st->state]->type == SQL_COMMAND)
{
const Command *command = commands[st->state];
int r;
if (querymode == QUERY_SIMPLE)
{
char *sql;
if ((sql = strdup(command->argv[0])) == NULL
|| (sql = assignVariables(st, sql)) == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
st->ecnt++;
return;
}
if (debug)
fprintf(stderr, "client %d sending %s\n", n, sql);
r = PQsendQuery(st->con, sql);
free(sql);
}
else if (querymode == QUERY_EXTENDED)
{
const char *sql = command->argv[0];
const char *params[MAX_ARGS];
getQueryParams(st, command, params);
if (debug)
fprintf(stderr, "client %d sending %s\n", n, sql);
r = PQsendQueryParams(st->con, sql, command->argc - 1,
NULL, params, NULL, NULL, 0);
}
else if (querymode == QUERY_PREPARED)
{
char name[MAX_PREPARE_NAME];
const char *params[MAX_ARGS];
if (!st->prepared[st->use_file])
{
int j;
for (j = 0; commands[j] != NULL; j++)
{
PGresult *res;
char name[MAX_PREPARE_NAME];
if (commands[j]->type != SQL_COMMAND)
continue;
preparedStatementName(name, st->use_file, j);
res = PQprepare(st->con, name,
commands[j]->argv[0], commands[j]->argc - 1, NULL);
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(st->con));
PQclear(res);
}
st->prepared[st->use_file] = true;
}
getQueryParams(st, command, params);
preparedStatementName(name, st->use_file, st->state);
if (debug)
fprintf(stderr, "client %d sending %s\n", n, name);
r = PQsendQueryPrepared(st->con, name, command->argc - 1,
params, NULL, NULL, 0);
}
else /* unknown sql mode */
r = 0;
if (r == 0)
{
if (debug)
fprintf(stderr, "client %d cannot send %s\n", n, command->argv[0]);
st->ecnt++;
}
else
st->listen = 1; /* flags that should be listened */
}
else if (commands[st->state]->type == META_COMMAND)
{
int argc = commands[st->state]->argc,
i;
char **argv = commands[st->state]->argv;
if (debug)
{
fprintf(stderr, "client %d executing \\%s", n, argv[0]);
for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
fprintf(stderr, " %s", argv[i]);
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
}
if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[0], "setrandom") == 0)
{
char *var;
int min,
max;
char res[64];
if (*argv[2] == ':')
{
if ((var = getVariable(st, argv[2] + 1)) == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: undefined variable %s\n", argv[0], argv[2]);
st->ecnt++;
return;
}
min = atoi(var);
}
else
min = atoi(argv[2]);
#ifdef NOT_USED
if (min < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid minimum number %d\n", argv[0], min);
st->ecnt++;
return;
}
#endif
if (*argv[3] == ':')
{
if ((var = getVariable(st, argv[3] + 1)) == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: undefined variable %s\n", argv[0], argv[3]);
st->ecnt++;
return;
}
max = atoi(var);
}
else
max = atoi(argv[3]);
if (max < min || max > MAX_RANDOM_VALUE)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid maximum number %d\n", argv[0], max);
st->ecnt++;
return;
}
#ifdef DEBUG
printf("min: %d max: %d random: %d\n", min, max, getrand(min, max));
#endif
snprintf(res, sizeof(res), "%d", getrand(min, max));
if (putVariable(st, argv[1], res) == false)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: out of memory\n", argv[0]);
st->ecnt++;
return;
}
st->listen = 1;
}
else if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[0], "set") == 0)
{
char *var;
int ope1,
ope2;
char res[64];
if (*argv[2] == ':')
{
if ((var = getVariable(st, argv[2] + 1)) == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: undefined variable %s\n", argv[0], argv[2]);
st->ecnt++;
return;
}
ope1 = atoi(var);
}
else
ope1 = atoi(argv[2]);
if (argc < 5)
snprintf(res, sizeof(res), "%d", ope1);
else
{
if (*argv[4] == ':')
{
if ((var = getVariable(st, argv[4] + 1)) == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: undefined variable %s\n", argv[0], argv[4]);
st->ecnt++;
return;
}
ope2 = atoi(var);
}
else
ope2 = atoi(argv[4]);
if (strcmp(argv[3], "+") == 0)
snprintf(res, sizeof(res), "%d", ope1 + ope2);
else if (strcmp(argv[3], "-") == 0)
snprintf(res, sizeof(res), "%d", ope1 - ope2);
else if (strcmp(argv[3], "*") == 0)
snprintf(res, sizeof(res), "%d", ope1 * ope2);
else if (strcmp(argv[3], "/") == 0)
{
if (ope2 == 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: division by zero\n", argv[0]);
st->ecnt++;
return;
}
snprintf(res, sizeof(res), "%d", ope1 / ope2);
}
else
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: unsupported operator %s\n", argv[0], argv[3]);
st->ecnt++;
return;
}
}
if (putVariable(st, argv[1], res) == false)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: out of memory\n", argv[0]);
st->ecnt++;
return;
}
st->listen = 1;
}
else if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[0], "sleep") == 0)
{
char *var;
int usec;
struct timeval now;
if (*argv[1] == ':')
{
if ((var = getVariable(st, argv[1] + 1)) == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: undefined variable %s\n", argv[0], argv[1]);
st->ecnt++;
return;
}
usec = atoi(var);
}
else
usec = atoi(argv[1]);
if (argc > 2)
{
if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[2], "ms") == 0)
usec *= 1000;
else if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[2], "s") == 0)
usec *= 1000000;
}
else
usec *= 1000000;
gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
st->until.tv_sec = now.tv_sec + (now.tv_usec + usec) / 1000000;
st->until.tv_usec = (now.tv_usec + usec) % 1000000;
st->sleeping = 1;
st->listen = 1;
}
goto top;
}
}
/* discard connections */
static void
disconnect_all(CState * state)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < nclients; i++)
{
if (state[i].con)
PQfinish(state[i].con);
}
}
/* create tables and setup data */
static void
init(void)
{
PGconn *con;
PGresult *res;
/*
* Note: TPC-B requires at least 100 bytes per row, and the "filler"
* fields in these table declarations were intended to comply with that.
* But because they default to NULLs, they don't actually take any
* space. We could fix that by giving them non-null default values.
* However, that would completely break comparability of pgbench
* results with prior versions. Since pgbench has never pretended
* to be fully TPC-B compliant anyway, we stick with the historical
* behavior.
*/
static char *DDLs[] = {
"drop table if exists branches",
"create table branches(bid int not null,bbalance int,filler char(88)) with (fillfactor=%d)",
"drop table if exists tellers",
"create table tellers(tid int not null,bid int,tbalance int,filler char(84)) with (fillfactor=%d)",
"drop table if exists accounts",
"create table accounts(aid int not null,bid int,abalance int,filler char(84)) with (fillfactor=%d)",
"drop table if exists history",
"create table history(tid int,bid int,aid int,delta int,mtime timestamp,filler char(22))"};
static char *DDLAFTERs[] = {
"alter table branches add primary key (bid)",
"alter table tellers add primary key (tid)",
"alter table accounts add primary key (aid)"};
char sql[256];
int i;
if ((con = doConnect()) == NULL)
exit(1);
for (i = 0; i < lengthof(DDLs); i++)
{
/*
* set fillfactor for branches, tellers and accounts tables
*/
if ((strstr(DDLs[i], "create table branches") == DDLs[i]) ||
(strstr(DDLs[i], "create table tellers") == DDLs[i]) ||
(strstr(DDLs[i], "create table accounts") == DDLs[i]))
{
char ddl_stmt[128];
snprintf(ddl_stmt, 128, DDLs[i], fillfactor);
executeStatement(con, ddl_stmt);
continue;
}
else
executeStatement(con, DDLs[i]);
}
executeStatement(con, "begin");
for (i = 0; i < nbranches * scale; i++)
{
snprintf(sql, 256, "insert into branches(bid,bbalance) values(%d,0)", i + 1);
executeStatement(con, sql);
}
for (i = 0; i < ntellers * scale; i++)
{
snprintf(sql, 256, "insert into tellers(tid,bid,tbalance) values (%d,%d,0)"
,i + 1, i / ntellers + 1);
executeStatement(con, sql);
}
executeStatement(con, "commit");
/*
* fill the accounts table with some data
*/
fprintf(stderr, "creating tables...\n");
executeStatement(con, "begin");
executeStatement(con, "truncate accounts");
res = PQexec(con, "copy accounts from stdin");
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COPY_IN)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(con));
exit(1);
}
PQclear(res);
for (i = 0; i < naccounts * scale; i++)
{
int j = i + 1;
snprintf(sql, 256, "%d\t%d\t%d\t\n", j, i / naccounts + 1, 0);
if (PQputline(con, sql))
{
fprintf(stderr, "PQputline failed\n");
exit(1);
}
if (j % 10000 == 0)
fprintf(stderr, "%d tuples done.\n", j);
}
if (PQputline(con, "\\.\n"))
{
fprintf(stderr, "very last PQputline failed\n");
exit(1);
}
if (PQendcopy(con))
{
fprintf(stderr, "PQendcopy failed\n");
exit(1);
}
executeStatement(con, "commit");
/*
* create indexes
*/
fprintf(stderr, "set primary key...\n");
for (i = 0; i < lengthof(DDLAFTERs); i++)
executeStatement(con, DDLAFTERs[i]);
/* vacuum */
fprintf(stderr, "vacuum...");
executeStatement(con, "vacuum analyze");
fprintf(stderr, "done.\n");
PQfinish(con);
}
/*
* Parse the raw sql and replace :param to $n.
*/
static bool
parseQuery(Command *cmd, const char *raw_sql)
{
char *sql,
*p;
sql = strdup(raw_sql);
if (sql == NULL)
return false;
cmd->argc = 1;
p = sql;
while ((p = strchr(p, ':')) != NULL)
{
char var[12];
char *name;
int eaten;
name = parseVariable(p, &eaten);
if (name == NULL)
{
while (*p == ':') { p++; }
continue;
}
if (cmd->argc >= MAX_ARGS)
{
fprintf(stderr, "statement has too many arguments (maximum is %d): %s\n", MAX_ARGS - 1, raw_sql);
return false;
}
sprintf(var, "$%d", cmd->argc);
if ((p = replaceVariable(&sql, p, eaten, var)) == NULL)
return false;
cmd->argv[cmd->argc] = name;
cmd->argc++;
}
cmd->argv[0] = sql;
return true;
}
static Command *
process_commands(char *buf)
{
const char delim[] = " \f\n\r\t\v";
Command *my_commands;
int j;
char *p,
*tok;
if ((p = strchr(buf, '\n')) != NULL)
*p = '\0';
p = buf;
while (isspace((unsigned char) *p))
p++;
if (*p == '\0' || strncmp(p, "--", 2) == 0)
{
return NULL;
}
my_commands = (Command *) malloc(sizeof(Command));
if (my_commands == NULL)
{
return NULL;
}
my_commands->argc = 0;
if (*p == '\\')
{
my_commands->type = META_COMMAND;
j = 0;
tok = strtok(++p, delim);
while (tok != NULL)
{
if ((my_commands->argv[j] = strdup(tok)) == NULL)
return NULL;
my_commands->argc++;
j++;
tok = strtok(NULL, delim);
}
if (pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[0], "setrandom") == 0)
{
if (my_commands->argc < 4)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: missing argument\n", my_commands->argv[0]);
return NULL;
}
for (j = 4; j < my_commands->argc; j++)
fprintf(stderr, "%s: extra argument \"%s\" ignored\n",
my_commands->argv[0], my_commands->argv[j]);
}
else if (pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[0], "set") == 0)
{
if (my_commands->argc < 3)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: missing argument\n", my_commands->argv[0]);
return NULL;
}
for (j = my_commands->argc < 5 ? 3 : 5; j < my_commands->argc; j++)
fprintf(stderr, "%s: extra argument \"%s\" ignored\n",
my_commands->argv[0], my_commands->argv[j]);
}
else if (pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[0], "sleep") == 0)
{
if (my_commands->argc < 2)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: missing argument\n", my_commands->argv[0]);
return NULL;
}
if (my_commands->argc >= 3)
{
if (pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[2], "us") != 0 &&
pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[2], "ms") != 0 &&
pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[2], "s"))
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown time unit '%s' - must be us, ms or s\n",
my_commands->argv[0], my_commands->argv[2]);
return NULL;
}
}
for (j = 3; j < my_commands->argc; j++)
fprintf(stderr, "%s: extra argument \"%s\" ignored\n",
my_commands->argv[0], my_commands->argv[j]);
}
else
{
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid command %s\n", my_commands->argv[0]);
return NULL;
}
}
else
{
my_commands->type = SQL_COMMAND;
switch (querymode)
{
case QUERY_SIMPLE:
if ((my_commands->argv[0] = strdup(p)) == NULL)
return NULL;
my_commands->argc++;
break;
case QUERY_EXTENDED:
case QUERY_PREPARED:
if (!parseQuery(my_commands, p))
return NULL;
break;
default:
return NULL;
}
}
return my_commands;
}
static int
process_file(char *filename)
{
#define COMMANDS_ALLOC_NUM 128
Command **my_commands;
FILE *fd;
int lineno;
char buf[BUFSIZ];
int alloc_num;
if (num_files >= MAX_FILES)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Up to only %d SQL files are allowed\n", MAX_FILES);
exit(1);
}
alloc_num = COMMANDS_ALLOC_NUM;
my_commands = (Command **) malloc(sizeof(Command *) * alloc_num);
if (my_commands == NULL)
return false;
if (strcmp(filename, "-") == 0)
fd = stdin;
else if ((fd = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", filename, strerror(errno));
return false;
}
lineno = 0;
while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fd) != NULL)
{
Command *commands;
int i;
i = 0;
while (isspace((unsigned char) buf[i]))
i++;
if (buf[i] != '\0' && strncmp(&buf[i], "--", 2) != 0)
{
commands = process_commands(&buf[i]);
if (commands == NULL)
{
fclose(fd);
return false;
}
}
else
continue;
my_commands[lineno] = commands;
lineno++;
if (lineno >= alloc_num)
{
alloc_num += COMMANDS_ALLOC_NUM;
my_commands = realloc(my_commands, sizeof(Command *) * alloc_num);
if (my_commands == NULL)
{
fclose(fd);
return false;
}
}
}
fclose(fd);
my_commands[lineno] = NULL;
sql_files[num_files++] = my_commands;
return true;
}
static Command **
process_builtin(char *tb)
{
#define COMMANDS_ALLOC_NUM 128
Command **my_commands;
int lineno;
char buf[BUFSIZ];
int alloc_num;
if (*tb == '\0')
return NULL;
alloc_num = COMMANDS_ALLOC_NUM;
my_commands = (Command **) malloc(sizeof(Command *) * alloc_num);
if (my_commands == NULL)
return NULL;
lineno = 0;
for (;;)
{
char *p;
Command *commands;
p = buf;
while (*tb && *tb != '\n')
*p++ = *tb++;
if (*tb == '\0')
break;
if (*tb == '\n')
tb++;
*p = '\0';
commands = process_commands(buf);
if (commands == NULL)
{
return NULL;
}
my_commands[lineno] = commands;
lineno++;
if (lineno >= alloc_num)
{
alloc_num += COMMANDS_ALLOC_NUM;
my_commands = realloc(my_commands, sizeof(Command *) * alloc_num);
if (my_commands == NULL)
{
return NULL;
}
}
}
my_commands[lineno] = NULL;
return my_commands;
}
/* print out results */
static void
printResults(
int ttype, CState * state,
struct timeval * start_time, struct timeval * end_time)
{
double t1,
t2;
int i;
int normal_xacts = 0;
char *s;
for (i = 0; i < nclients; i++)
normal_xacts += state[i].cnt;
t1 = (end_time->tv_sec - start_time->tv_sec) * 1000000.0 + (end_time->tv_usec - start_time->tv_usec);
t1 = normal_xacts * 1000000.0 / t1;
t2 = (end_time->tv_sec - start_time->tv_sec - conn_total_time.tv_sec) * 1000000.0 +
(end_time->tv_usec - start_time->tv_usec - conn_total_time.tv_usec);
t2 = normal_xacts * 1000000.0 / t2;
if (ttype == 0)
s = "TPC-B (sort of)";
else if (ttype == 2)
s = "Update only accounts";
else if (ttype == 1)
s = "SELECT only";
else
s = "Custom query";
printf("transaction type: %s\n", s);
printf("scaling factor: %d\n", scale);
printf("query mode: %s\n", QUERYMODE[querymode]);
printf("number of clients: %d\n", nclients);
printf("number of transactions per client: %d\n", nxacts);
printf("number of transactions actually processed: %d/%d\n", normal_xacts, nxacts * nclients);
printf("tps = %f (including connections establishing)\n", t1);
printf("tps = %f (excluding connections establishing)\n", t2);
}
int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int c;
int is_init_mode = 0; /* initialize mode? */
int is_no_vacuum = 0; /* no vacuum at all before testing? */
int do_vacuum_accounts = 0; /* do vacuum accounts before testing? */
int debug = 0; /* debug flag */
int ttype = 0; /* transaction type. 0: TPC-B, 1: SELECT only,
* 2: skip update of branches and tellers */
char *filename = NULL;
bool scale_given = false;
CState *state; /* status of clients */
struct timeval start_time; /* start up time */
struct timeval end_time; /* end time */
int i;
fd_set input_mask;
int nsocks; /* return from select(2) */
int maxsock; /* max socket number to be waited */
struct timeval now;
struct timeval timeout;
int min_usec;
#ifdef HAVE_GETRLIMIT
struct rlimit rlim;
#endif
PGconn *con;
PGresult *res;
char *env;
char val[64];
#ifdef WIN32
/* stderr is buffered on Win32. */
setvbuf(stderr, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
#endif
if ((env = getenv("PGHOST")) != NULL && *env != '\0')
pghost = env;
if ((env = getenv("PGPORT")) != NULL && *env != '\0')
pgport = env;
else if ((env = getenv("PGUSER")) != NULL && *env != '\0')
login = env;
state = (CState *) malloc(sizeof(CState));
if (state == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't allocate memory for state\n");
exit(1);
}
memset(state, 0, sizeof(*state));
while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "ih:nvp:dc:t:s:U:CNSlf:D:F:M:")) != -1)
{
switch (c)
{
case 'i':
is_init_mode++;
break;
case 'h':
pghost = optarg;
break;
case 'n':
is_no_vacuum++;
break;
case 'v':
do_vacuum_accounts++;
break;
case 'p':
pgport = optarg;
break;
case 'd':
debug++;
break;
case 'S':
ttype = 1;
break;
case 'N':
ttype = 2;
break;
case 'c':
nclients = atoi(optarg);
if (nclients <= 0 || nclients > MAXCLIENTS)
{
fprintf(stderr, "invalid number of clients: %d\n", nclients);
exit(1);
}
#ifdef HAVE_GETRLIMIT
#ifdef RLIMIT_NOFILE /* most platforms use RLIMIT_NOFILE */
if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rlim) == -1)
#else /* but BSD doesn't ... */
if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_OFILE, &rlim) == -1)
#endif /* RLIMIT_NOFILE */
{
fprintf(stderr, "getrlimit failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
if (rlim.rlim_cur <= (nclients + 2))
{
fprintf(stderr, "You need at least %d open files but you are only allowed to use %ld.\n", nclients + 2, (long) rlim.rlim_cur);
fprintf(stderr, "Use limit/ulimit to increase the limit before using pgbench.\n");
exit(1);
}
#endif /* HAVE_GETRLIMIT */
break;
case 'C':
is_connect = 1;
break;
case 's':
scale_given = true;
scale = atoi(optarg);
if (scale <= 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "invalid scaling factor: %d\n", scale);
exit(1);
}
break;
case 't':
nxacts = atoi(optarg);
if (nxacts <= 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "invalid number of transactions: %d\n", nxacts);
exit(1);
}
break;
case 'U':
login = optarg;
break;
case 'l':
use_log = true;
break;
case 'f':
ttype = 3;
filename = optarg;
if (process_file(filename) == false || *sql_files[num_files - 1] == NULL)
exit(1);
break;
case 'D':
{
char *p;
if ((p = strchr(optarg, '=')) == NULL || p == optarg || *(p + 1) == '\0')
{
fprintf(stderr, "invalid variable definition: %s\n", optarg);
exit(1);
}
*p++ = '\0';
if (putVariable(&state[0], optarg, p) == false)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't allocate memory for variable\n");
exit(1);
}
}
break;
case 'F':
fillfactor = atoi(optarg);
if ((fillfactor < 10) || (fillfactor > 100))
{
fprintf(stderr, "invalid fillfactor: %d\n", fillfactor);
exit(1);
}
break;
case 'M':
if (num_files > 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "querymode(-M) should be specifiled before transaction scripts(-f)\n");
exit(1);
}
for (querymode = 0; querymode < NUM_QUERYMODE; querymode++)
if (strcmp(optarg, QUERYMODE[querymode]) == 0)
break;
if (querymode >= NUM_QUERYMODE)
{
fprintf(stderr, "invalid querymode(-M): %s\n", optarg);
exit(1);
}
break;
default:
usage();
exit(1);
break;
}
}
if (argc > optind)
dbName = argv[optind];
else
{
if ((env = getenv("PGDATABASE")) != NULL && *env != '\0')
dbName = env;
else if (login != NULL && *login != '\0')
dbName = login;
else
dbName = "";
}
if (is_init_mode)
{
init();
exit(0);
}
remains = nclients;
if (nclients > 1)
{
state = (CState *) realloc(state, sizeof(CState) * nclients);
if (state == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't allocate memory for state\n");
exit(1);
}
memset(state + 1, 0, sizeof(*state) * (nclients - 1));
/* copy any -D switch values to all clients */
for (i = 1; i < nclients; i++)
{
int j;
for (j = 0; j < state[0].nvariables; j++)
{
if (putVariable(&state[i], state[0].variables[j].name, state[0].variables[j].value) == false)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't allocate memory for variable\n");
exit(1);
}
}
}
}
if (use_log)
{
char logpath[64];
snprintf(logpath, 64, "pgbench_log.%d", (int) getpid());
LOGFILE = fopen(logpath, "w");
if (LOGFILE == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open logfile \"%s\": %s", logpath, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
}
if (debug)
{
printf("pghost: %s pgport: %s nclients: %d nxacts: %d dbName: %s\n",
pghost, pgport, nclients, nxacts, dbName);
}
/* opening connection... */
con = doConnect();
if (con == NULL)
exit(1);
if (PQstatus(con) == CONNECTION_BAD)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Connection to database '%s' failed.\n", dbName);
fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(con));
exit(1);
}
if (ttype != 3)
{
/*
* get the scaling factor that should be same as count(*) from
* branches if this is not a custom query
*/
res = PQexec(con, "select count(*) from branches");
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(con));
exit(1);
}
scale = atoi(PQgetvalue(res, 0, 0));
if (scale < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "count(*) from branches invalid (%d)\n", scale);
exit(1);
}
PQclear(res);
/* warn if we override user-given -s switch */
if (scale_given)
fprintf(stderr,
"Scale option ignored, using branches table count = %d\n",
scale);
}
/*
* :scale variables normally get -s or database scale, but don't override
* an explicit -D switch
*/
if (getVariable(&state[0], "scale") == NULL)
{
snprintf(val, sizeof(val), "%d", scale);
for (i = 0; i < nclients; i++)
{
if (putVariable(&state[i], "scale", val) == false)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't allocate memory for variable\n");
exit(1);
}
}
}
if (!is_no_vacuum)
{
fprintf(stderr, "starting vacuum...");
executeStatement(con, "vacuum branches");
executeStatement(con, "vacuum tellers");
executeStatement(con, "delete from history");
executeStatement(con, "vacuum history");
fprintf(stderr, "end.\n");
if (do_vacuum_accounts)
{
fprintf(stderr, "starting vacuum accounts...");
executeStatement(con, "vacuum analyze accounts");
fprintf(stderr, "end.\n");
}
}
PQfinish(con);
/* set random seed */
gettimeofday(&start_time, NULL);
srandom((unsigned int) start_time.tv_usec);
/* get start up time */
gettimeofday(&start_time, NULL);
if (is_connect == 0)
{
struct timeval t, now;
/* make connections to the database */
for (i = 0; i < nclients; i++)
{
state[i].id = i;
if ((state[i].con = doConnect()) == NULL)
exit(1);
}
/* time after connections set up */
gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
diffTime(&now, &start_time, &t);
addTime(&conn_total_time, &t, &conn_total_time);
}
/* process bultin SQL scripts */
switch (ttype)
{
case 0:
sql_files[0] = process_builtin(tpc_b);
num_files = 1;
break;
case 1:
sql_files[0] = process_builtin(select_only);
num_files = 1;
break;
case 2:
sql_files[0] = process_builtin(simple_update);
num_files = 1;
break;
default:
break;
}
/* send start up queries in async manner */
for (i = 0; i < nclients; i++)
{
Command **commands = sql_files[state[i].use_file];
int prev_ecnt = state[i].ecnt;
state[i].use_file = getrand(0, num_files - 1);
doCustom(state, i, debug);
if (state[i].ecnt > prev_ecnt && commands[state[i].state]->type == META_COMMAND)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Client %d aborted in state %d. Execution meta-command failed.\n", i, state[i].state);
remains--; /* I've aborted */
PQfinish(state[i].con);
state[i].con = NULL;
}
}
for (;;)
{
if (remains <= 0)
{ /* all done ? */
disconnect_all(state);
/* get end time */
gettimeofday(&end_time, NULL);
printResults(ttype, state, &start_time, &end_time);
if (LOGFILE)
fclose(LOGFILE);
exit(0);
}
FD_ZERO(&input_mask);
maxsock = -1;
min_usec = -1;
for (i = 0; i < nclients; i++)
{
Command **commands = sql_files[state[i].use_file];
if (state[i].sleeping)
{
int this_usec;
int sock = PQsocket(state[i].con);
if (min_usec < 0)
{
gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
min_usec = 0;
}
this_usec = (state[i].until.tv_sec - now.tv_sec) * 1000000 +
state[i].until.tv_usec - now.tv_usec;
if (this_usec > 0 && (min_usec == 0 || this_usec < min_usec))
min_usec = this_usec;
FD_SET(sock, &input_mask);
if (maxsock < sock)
maxsock = sock;
}
else if (state[i].con && commands[state[i].state]->type != META_COMMAND)
{
int sock = PQsocket(state[i].con);
if (sock < 0)
{
disconnect_all(state);
exit(1);
}
FD_SET(sock, &input_mask);
if (maxsock < sock)
maxsock = sock;
}
}
if (maxsock != -1)
{
if (min_usec >= 0)
{
timeout.tv_sec = min_usec / 1000000;
timeout.tv_usec = min_usec % 1000000;
nsocks = select(maxsock + 1, &input_mask, (fd_set *) NULL,
(fd_set *) NULL, &timeout);
}
else
nsocks = select(maxsock + 1, &input_mask, (fd_set *) NULL,
(fd_set *) NULL, (struct timeval *) NULL);
if (nsocks < 0)
{
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
/* must be something wrong */
disconnect_all(state);
fprintf(stderr, "select failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
#ifdef NOT_USED
else if (nsocks == 0)
{ /* timeout */
fprintf(stderr, "select timeout\n");
for (i = 0; i < nclients; i++)
{
fprintf(stderr, "client %d:state %d cnt %d ecnt %d listen %d\n",
i, state[i].state, state[i].cnt, state[i].ecnt, state[i].listen);
}
exit(0);
}
#endif
}
/* ok, backend returns reply */
for (i = 0; i < nclients; i++)
{
Command **commands = sql_files[state[i].use_file];
int prev_ecnt = state[i].ecnt;
if (state[i].con && (FD_ISSET(PQsocket(state[i].con), &input_mask)
|| commands[state[i].state]->type == META_COMMAND))
{
doCustom(state, i, debug);
}
if (state[i].ecnt > prev_ecnt && commands[state[i].state]->type == META_COMMAND)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Client %d aborted in state %d. Execution of meta-command failed.\n", i, state[i].state);
remains--; /* I've aborted */
PQfinish(state[i].con);
state[i].con = NULL;
}
}
}
}
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