PostgreSQL type extensions for IP and MAC addresses.
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$Id: README.inet,v 1.1 1998/10/08 00:19:32 momjian Exp $

I needed to record IP and MAC level ethernet addresses in a data
base, and I really didn't want to store them as plain strings, with
no enforced error checking, so I put together the accompanying code
as my first experiment with adding a data type to PostgreSQL.  I
then thought that this might be useful to others, both directly and
as a very simple example of how to do this sort of thing, so I
submitted it to the PostgreSQL project for inclusion in the contrib
directory.  Since then, that directory has been modified to contain
Aleksei Roudnev's implementation, which is based on mine.

For those who have seen my previous contribution of these types, note
that much has changed: I've modified the IP address type to work the
way Paul Vixie did with his CIDR type.  In fact, I've pretty much just
stolen his solution, modifying it into my framework in such a way as
to facilitate the addition of IPV6 handling code in the future.  I've
pretty much ignored Aleksei's C code, but I've added his SQL code to
enter the necessary operators into the various system tables needed to
make the types indexable.

IP addresses are implemented as a struct of fixed in-memory length,
but variable on-disk storage size.  For IPV4, it contains the address
family (AF_INET), the CIDR prefix length and four byte address.  For
IPV6, the address family will be different, and the address longer.

The external representation of an IP address generally looks like
'158.37.96.15/32'.  This address happens to be part of a subnet where
I work; '158.37.96.0/24', which itself is a part of the larger subnet
allocated to our site, which is '158.37.96.0/21', which again, if you
go by the old book, is part of the class "B" net '158.37.0.0/16'.

Input and output functions are supplied, along with the "normal" <,
<=, =, >=, > and <> operators, which all do what you expect.  In
addition, there are operators to check for networks or addresses being
subnets of or addresses contained within other networks.  << tests
whether the left operand is contained within the right, <<= includes
equality, >> and >>= do the same things the opposite way.

The input and output functions use routines from Paul Vixie's BIND,
and I've snarfed the source files inet_net_ntop.c and inet_net_pton.c
directly from a recent distribution of that code.  They are included
here to avoid the need to fetch and install the BIND libraries to be
able to use this code.  IANAL, but it looks from the copyright
messages in the files as if this should be acceptable.  Read the
documentation in inet_net_pton.c to see the legal input formats.

MAC level ethernet addresses are implemented as a 6 byte struct that
contains the address as unsigned chars.  Several input forms are
accepted; the following are all the same address: '08002b:010203',
'08002b-010203', '0800.2b01.0203', '08-00-2b-01-02-03' and
'08:00:2b:01:02:03'.  Upper and lower case is accepted for the digits
'a' through 'f'.  Output is always in the latter of the given forms.

As with IP addresses, input and output functions are supplied as well
as the "normal" operators, which do what you expect.  As an extra
feature, a function macaddr_manuf() is defined, which returns the name
of the manufacturer as a string.  This is currently held in a
hard-coded struct internal to the C module -- it might be smarter to
put this information into an actual data base table, and look up the
manufacturer there.

Many thanks to Aleksei Roudnev and Paul Vixie for their fine work!

I don't know what changes are needed to the Makefile for other systems
than the one I'm running (NetBSD 1.3), but anyway: to install on a BSD
system: fix the path names in the Makefile if you need to, then make,
make install, slurp the SQL files into psql or whatever, and you're
off.  Enjoy!

Bergen, Norway, 1998-08-09, Tom Ivar Helbekkmo (tih@nhh.no).