During an update of a PK row, we can skip firing the RI trigger if any old
key value is NULL, because then the row could not have had any matching
rows in the FK table. Conversely, during an update of an FK row, the
outcome is determined if any new key value is NULL. In either case it
becomes unnecessary to compare individual key values.
This patch was inspired by discussion of Vik Reykja's patch to use IS NOT
DISTINCT semantics for the key comparisons. In the event there is no need
for that and so this patch looks nothing like his, but he should still get
credit for having re-opened consideration of the trigger skip logic.
Previously we followed the SQL92 wording, "MATCH <unspecified>", but since
SQL99 there's been a less awkward way to refer to the default style.
In addition to the code changes, pg_constraint.confmatchtype now stores
this match style as 's' (SIMPLE) rather than 'u' (UNSPECIFIED). This
doesn't affect pg_dump or psql because they use pg_get_constraintdef()
to reconstruct foreign key definitions. But other client-side code might
examine that column directly, so this change will have to be marked as
an incompatibility in the 9.3 release notes.
Because permissions are assigned to element types, not array types,
complaining about permission denied on an array type would be
misleading to users. So adjust the reporting to refer to the element
type instead.
In order not to duplicate the required logic in two dozen places,
refactor the permission denied reporting for types a bit.
pointed out by Yeb Havinga during the review of the type privilege
feature
In lazy_scan_heap, we could issue bogus warnings about incorrect
information in the visibility map, because we checked the visibility
map bit before locking the heap page, creating a race condition. Fix
by rechecking the visibility map bit before we complain. Rejigger
some related logic so that we rely on the possibly-outdated
all_visible_according_to_vm value as little as possible.
In heap_multi_insert, it's not safe to clear the visibility map bit
before beginning the critical section. The visibility map is not
crash-safe unless we treat clearing the bit as a critical operation.
Specifically, if the transaction were to error out after we set the
bit and before entering the critical section, we could end up writing
the heap page to disk (with the bit cleared) and crashing before the
visibility map page made it to disk. That would be bad. heap_insert
has this correct, but somehow the order of operations got rearranged
when heap_multi_insert was added.
Also, add some more comments to visibilitymap_test, lazy_scan_heap,
and IndexOnlyNext, expounding on concurrency issues.
Per extensive code review by Andres Freund, and further review by Tom
Lane, who also made the original report about the bogus warnings.
We allow non-superusers to create procedural languages (with restrictions)
and range datatypes. Previously, the automatically-created support
functions for these objects ended up owned by the creating user. This
represents a rather considerable security hazard, because the owning user
might be able to alter a support function's definition in such a way as to
crash the server, inject trojan-horse SQL code, or even execute arbitrary
C code directly. It appears that right now the only actually exploitable
problem is the infinite-recursion bug fixed in the previous patch for
CVE-2012-2655. However, it's not hard to imagine that future additions of
more ALTER FUNCTION capability might unintentionally open up new hazards.
To forestall future problems, cause these support functions to be owned by
the bootstrap superuser, not the user creating the parent object.
Per recent discussion, the error message for this was actually a trifle
inaccurate, since it said "cannot be cast" which might be incorrect.
Adjust that wording, and add a HINT suggesting that a USING clause might
be needed.
When the "hot" members of PGPROC were split off to separate PGXACT structs,
many PGPROC fields referred to in comments were moved to PGXACT, but the
comments were neglected in the commit. Mostly this is just a search/replace
of PGPROC with PGXACT, but the way the dummy PGPROC entries are created for
prepared transactions changed more, making some of the comments totally
bogus.
Noah Misch
If the tablespace directory is missing entirely, we allow DROP TABLESPACE
to go through, on the grounds that it should be possible to clean up the
catalog entry in such a situation. However, we forgot that the pg_tblspc
symlink might still be there. We should try to remove the symlink too
(but not fail if it's no longer there), since not doing so can lead to
weird behavior subsequently, as per report from Michael Nolan.
There was some discussion of adding dependency links to prevent DROP
TABLESPACE when the catalogs still contain references to the tablespace.
That might be worth doing too, but it's an orthogonal question, and in
any case wouldn't be back-patchable.
Back-patch to 9.0, which is as far back as the logic looks like this.
We could possibly do something similar in 8.x, but given the lack of
reports I'm not sure it's worth the trouble, and anyway the case could
not arise in the form the logic is meant to cover (namely, a post-DROP
transaction rollback having resurrected the pg_tablespace entry after
some or all of the filesystem infrastructure is gone).
"Unexpected EOF on client connection" without an open transaction
is mostly noise, so turn it into DEBUG1. With an open transaction it's
still indicating a problem, so keep those as ERROR, and change the message
to indicate that it happened in a transaction.
The alternative of disallowing index-only scans in HS operation was
discussed, but the consensus was that it was better to treat marking
a page all-visible as a recovery conflict for snapshots that could still
fail to see XIDs on that page. We may in the future try to soften this,
so that we simply force index scans to do heap fetches in cases where
this may be an issue, rather than throwing a hard conflict.
Prohibiting this outright would break dumps taken from older versions
that contain such casts, which would create far more pain than is
justified here.
Per report by Jaime Casanova and subsequent discussion.
We must set the visibility map bit before releasing our exclusive lock
on the heap page; otherwise, someone might clear the heap page bit
before we set the visibility map bit, leading to a situation where the
visibility map thinks the page is all-visible but it's really not.
This problem has existed since 8.4, but it wasn't critical before we
had index-only scans, since the worst case scenario was that the page
wouldn't get vacuumed until the next scan_all vacuum.
Along the way, a couple of minor, related improvements: (1) if we
pause the heap scan to do an index vac cycle, release any visibility
map page we're holding, since really long-running pins are not good
for a variety of reasons; and (2) warn if we see a page that's marked
all-visible in the visibility map but not on the page level, since
that should never happen any more (it was allowed in previous
releases, but not in 9.2).
The original syntax wasn't universally loved, and it didn't allow its
usage in CREATE TABLE, only ALTER TABLE. It now works everywhere, and
it also allows using ALTER TABLE ONLY to add an uninherited CHECK
constraint, per discussion.
The pg_constraint column has accordingly been renamed connoinherit.
This commit partly reverts some of the changes in
61d81bd28dbec65a6b144e0cd3d0bfe25913c3ac, particularly some pg_dump and
psql bits, because now pg_get_constraintdef includes the necessary NO
INHERIT within the constraint definition.
Author: Nikhil Sontakke
Some tweaks by me
Previously, we used SetBufferCommitInfoNeedsSave, but that's really
intended for dirty-marks we can theoretically afford to lose, such as
hint bits. As for 9.2, the PD_ALL_VISIBLE mustn't be lost in this
way, since we could then end up with a heap page that isn't
all-visible and a visibility map page that is all visible, causing
index-only scans to return wrong answers.
If we make the initially-called function return the table physical-size
estimate, acquire_inherited_sample_rows will be able to use that to
allocate numbers of samples among child tables, when the day comes that
we want to support foreign tables in inheritance trees.
ANALYZE now accepts foreign tables and allows the table's FDW to control
how the sample rows are collected. (But only manual ANALYZEs will touch
foreign tables, for the moment, since among other things it's not very
clear how to handle remote permissions checks in an auto-analyze.)
contrib/file_fdw is extended to support this.
Etsuro Fujita, reviewed by Shigeru Hanada, some further tweaking by me.
Currently, the only way to see the numbers this gathers is via
EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, BUFFERS), but the plan is to add visibility through
the stats collector and pg_stat_statements in subsequent patches.
Ants Aasma, reviewed by Greg Smith, with some further changes by me.
It used to be case that lazy vacuum could call this function with only
a shared lock on the buffer, but neither lazy vacuum nor any other
code path does that any more. Simplify the code accordingly and clean
up some related, obsolete comments.
The COPY documentation says "COPY FROM matches the input against the null
string before removing backslashes". It is therefore reasonable to presume
that null markers like E'\\0' will work ... and they did, until someone put
the tests in the wrong order during microoptimization-driven rewrites.
Since then, we've been failing if the null marker is something that would
de-escape to an invalidly-encoded string. Since null markers generally
need to be something that can't appear in the data, this represents a
nontrivial loss of functionality; surprising nobody noticed it earlier.
Per report from Jeff Davis. Backpatch to 8.4 where this got broken.
setlocale() accepts locale name "" as meaning "the locale specified by the
process's environment variables". Historically we've accepted that for
Postgres' locale settings, too. However, it's fairly unsafe to store an
empty string in a new database's pg_database.datcollate or datctype fields,
because then the interpretation could vary across postmaster restarts,
possibly resulting in index corruption and other unpleasantness.
Instead, we should expand "" to whatever it means at the moment of calling
CREATE DATABASE, which we can do by saving the value returned by
setlocale().
For consistency, make initdb set up the initial lc_xxx parameter values the
same way. initdb was already doing the right thing for empty locale names,
but it did not replace non-empty names with setlocale results. On a
platform where setlocale chooses to canonicalize the spellings of locale
names, this would result in annoying inconsistency. (It seems that popular
implementations of setlocale don't do such canonicalization, which is a
pity, but the POSIX spec certainly allows it to be done.) The same risk
of inconsistency leads me to not venture back-patching this, although it
could certainly be seen as a longstanding bug.
Per report from Jeff Davis, though this is not his proposed patch.
Making this operation look like a utility statement seems generally a good
idea, and particularly so in light of the desire to provide command
triggers for utility statements. The original choice of representing it as
SELECT with an IntoClause appendage had metastasized into rather a lot of
places, unfortunately, so that this patch is a great deal more complicated
than one might at first expect.
In particular, keeping EXPLAIN working for SELECT INTO and CREATE TABLE AS
subcommands required restructuring some EXPLAIN-related APIs. Add-on code
that calls ExplainOnePlan or ExplainOneUtility, or uses
ExplainOneQuery_hook, will need adjustment.
Also, the cases PREPARE ... SELECT INTO and CREATE RULE ... SELECT INTO,
which formerly were accepted though undocumented, are no longer accepted.
The PREPARE case can be replaced with use of CREATE TABLE AS EXECUTE.
The CREATE RULE case doesn't seem to have much real-world use (since the
rule would work only once before failing with "table already exists"),
so we'll not bother with that one.
Both SELECT INTO and CREATE TABLE AS still return a command tag of
"SELECT nnnn". There was some discussion of returning "CREATE TABLE nnnn",
but for the moment backwards compatibility wins the day.
Andres Freund and Tom Lane
This is for tools such as Coverity that don't know that the grammar
enforces that the case of not having a relation (but instead a query)
cannot happen in the FROM case.
This allows loadable modules to get control at drop time, perhaps for the
purpose of performing additional security checks or to log the event.
The initial purpose of this code is to support sepgsql, but other
applications should be possible as well.
KaiGai Kohei, reviewed by me.
Phil Sorber reported that a rewriting ALTER TABLE within an extension
update script failed, because it creates and then drops a placeholder
table; the drop was being disallowed because the table was marked as an
extension member. We could hack that specific case but it seems likely
that there might be related cases now or in the future, so the most
practical solution seems to be to create an exception to the general rule
that extension member objects can only be dropped by dropping the owning
extension. To wit: if the DROP is issued within the extension's own
creation or update scripts, we'll allow it, implicitly performing an
"ALTER EXTENSION DROP object" first. This will simplify cases such as
extension downgrade scripts anyway.
No docs change since we don't seem to have documented the idea that you
would need ALTER EXTENSION DROP for such an action to begin with.
Also, arrange for explicitly temporary tables to not get linked as
extension members in the first place, and the same for the magic
pg_temp_nnn schemas that are created to hold them. This prevents assorted
unpleasant results if an extension script creates a temp table: the forced
drop at session end would either fail or remove the entire extension, and
neither of those outcomes is desirable. Note that this doesn't fix the
ALTER TABLE scenario, since the placeholder table is not temp (unless the
table being rewritten is).
Back-patch to 9.1.
This patch improves selectivity estimation for the array <@, &&, and @>
(containment and overlaps) operators. It enables collection of statistics
about individual array element values by ANALYZE, and introduces
operator-specific estimators that use these stats. In addition,
ScalarArrayOpExpr constructs of the forms "const = ANY/ALL (array_column)"
and "const <> ANY/ALL (array_column)" are estimated by treating them as
variants of the containment operators.
Since we still collect scalar-style stats about the array values as a
whole, the pg_stats view is expanded to show both these stats and the
array-style stats in separate columns. This creates an incompatible change
in how stats for tsvector columns are displayed in pg_stats: the stats
about lexemes are now displayed in the array-related columns instead of the
original scalar-related columns.
There are a few loose ends here, notably that it'd be nice to be able to
suppress either the scalar-style stats or the array-element stats for
columns for which they're not useful. But the patch is in good enough
shape to commit for wider testing.
Alexander Korotkov, reviewed by Noah Misch and Nathan Boley
We already skip rewriting the table in these cases, but we still force a
whole table scan to validate the data. This can be skipped, and thus
we can make the whole ALTER TABLE operation just do some catalog touches
instead of scanning the table, when these two conditions hold:
(a) Old and new pg_constraint.conpfeqop match exactly. This is actually
stronger than needed; we could loosen things by way of operator
families, but it'd require a lot more effort.
(b) The functions, if any, implementing a cast from the foreign type to
the primary opcintype are the same. For this purpose, we can consider a
binary coercion equivalent to an exact type match. When the opcintype
is polymorphic, require that the old and new foreign types match
exactly. (Since ri_triggers.c does use the executor, the stronger check
for polymorphic types is no mere future-proofing. However, no core type
exercises its necessity.)
Author: Noah Misch
Committer's note: catalog version bumped due to change of the Constraint
node. I can't actually find any way to have such a node in a stored
rule, but given that we have "out" support for them, better be safe.
Claiming that the typevar argument to DefineCompositeType() is const
was a plain lie. A similar case in DefineVirtualRelation() was
already changed in passing in commit 1575fbcb. Also clean up the now
unnecessary casts that used to cast away the const.
This check was overlooked when we added function execute permissions to the
system years ago. For an ordinary trigger function it's not a big deal,
since trigger functions execute with the permissions of the table owner,
so they couldn't do anything the user issuing the CREATE TRIGGER couldn't
have done anyway. However, if a trigger function is SECURITY DEFINER,
that is not the case. The lack of checking would allow another user to
install it on his own table and then invoke it with, essentially, forged
input data; which the trigger function is unlikely to realize, so it might
do something undesirable, for instance insert false entries in an audit log
table.
Reported by Dinesh Kumar, patch by Robert Haas
Security: CVE-2012-0866
This extends the changes of commit 6252c4f9e201f619e5eebda12fa867acd4e4200e
so that we run the cleanup hook earlier for failure cases as well as
success cases. As before, the point is to avoid an assertion failure from
an Assert I added in commit a874fe7b4c890d1fe3455215a83ca777867beadd, which
was meant to check that no user-written code can be called during portal
cleanup. This fixes a case reported by Pavan Deolasee in which the Assert
could be triggered during backend exit (see the new regression test case),
and also prevents the possibility that the cleanup hook is run after
portions of the portal's state have already been recycled. That doesn't
really matter in current usage, but it foreseeably could matter in the
future.
Back-patch to 9.1 where the Assert in question was added.
We don't normally allow quals to be pushed down into a view created
with the security_barrier option, but functions without side effects
are an exception: they're OK. This allows much better performance in
common cases, such as when using an equality operator (that might
even be indexable).
There is an outstanding issue here with the CREATE FUNCTION / ALTER
FUNCTION syntax: there's no way to use ALTER FUNCTION to unset the
leakproof flag. But I'm committing this as-is so that it doesn't
have to be rebased again; we can fix up the grammar in a future
commit.
KaiGai Kohei, with some wordsmithing by me.
Sometimes it may be useful to get actual row counts out of EXPLAIN
(ANALYZE) without paying the cost of timing every node entry/exit.
With this patch, you can say EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, TIMING OFF) to get that.
Tomas Vondra, reviewed by Eric Theise, with minor doc changes by me.
Although we will not even issue an XLOG_TBLSPC_DROP WAL record unless
removal of the tablespace's directories succeeds, that does not guarantee
that the same operation will succeed during WAL replay. Foreseeable
reasons for it to fail include temp files created in the tablespace by Hot
Standby backends, wrong directory permissions on a standby server, etc etc.
The original coding threw ERROR if replay failed to remove the directories,
but that is a serious overreaction. Throwing an error aborts recovery,
and worse means that manual intervention will be needed to get the database
to start again, since otherwise the same error will recur on subsequent
attempts to replay the same WAL record. And the consequence of failing to
remove the directories is only that some probably-small amount of disk
space is wasted, so it hardly seems justified to throw an error.
Accordingly, arrange to report such failures as LOG messages and keep going
when a failure occurs during replay.
Back-patch to 9.0 where Hot Standby was introduced. In principle such
problems can occur in earlier releases, but Hot Standby increases the odds
of trouble significantly. Given the lack of field reports of such issues,
I'm satisfied with patching back as far as the patch applies easily.
