Add libpq support for recreating an error message with different verbosity.

Often, upon getting an unexpected error in psql, one's first wish is that
the verbosity setting had been higher; for example, to be able to see the
schema-name field or the server code location info.  Up to now the only way
has been to adjust the VERBOSITY variable and repeat the failing query.
That's a pain, and it doesn't work if the error isn't reproducible.

This commit adds support in libpq for regenerating the error message for
an existing error PGresult at any desired verbosity level.  This is almost
just a matter of refactoring the existing code into a subroutine, but there
is one bit of possibly-needed information that was not getting put into
PGresults: the text of the last query sent to the server.  We must add that
string to the contents of an error PGresult.  But we only need to save it
if it might be used, which with the existing error-formatting code only
happens if there is a PG_DIAG_STATEMENT_POSITION error field, which is
probably pretty rare for errors in production situations.  So really the
overhead when the feature isn't used should be negligible.

Alex Shulgin, reviewed by Daniel Vérité, some improvements by me

doc/src/sgml/libpq.sgml

@@ -2691,6 +2691,48 @@ char *PQresultErrorMessage(const PGresult *res);
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry id="libpq-pqresultverboseerrormessage">
+      <term>
+       <function>PQresultVerboseErrorMessage</function>
+       <indexterm>
+        <primary>PQresultVerboseErrorMessage</primary>
+       </indexterm>
+      </term>
+
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        Returns a reformatted version of the error message associated with
+        a <structname>PGresult</> object.
+<synopsis>
+char *PQresultVerboseErrorMessage(const PGresult *res,
+                                  PGVerbosity verbosity,
+                                  PGContextVisibility show_context);
+</synopsis>
+        In some situations a client might wish to obtain a more detailed
+        version of a previously-reported error.
+        <function>PQresultVerboseErrorMessage</function> addresses this need
+        by computing the message that would have been produced
+        by <function>PQresultErrorMessage</function> if the specified
+        verbosity settings had been in effect for the connection when the
+        given <structname>PGresult</> was generated.  If
+        the <structname>PGresult</> is not an error result,
+        <quote>PGresult is not an error result</> is reported instead.
+        The returned string includes a trailing newline.
+       </para>
+
+       <para>
+        Unlike most other functions for extracting data from
+        a <structname>PGresult</>, the result of this function is a freshly
+        allocated string.  The caller must free it
+        using <function>PQfreemem()</> when the string is no longer needed.
+       </para>
+
+       <para>
+        A NULL return is possible if there is insufficient memory.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry id="libpq-pqresulterrorfield">
       <term><function>PQresultErrorField</function><indexterm><primary>PQresultErrorField</></></term>
       <listitem>
@@ -5582,6 +5624,8 @@ PGVerbosity PQsetErrorVerbosity(PGconn *conn, PGVerbosity verbosity);
       mode includes all available fields.  Changing the verbosity does not
       affect the messages available from already-existing
       <structname>PGresult</> objects, only subsequently-created ones.
+      (But see <function>PQresultVerboseErrorMessage</function> if you
+      want to print a previous error with a different verbosity.)
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
@@ -5622,6 +5666,8 @@ PGContextVisibility PQsetErrorContextVisibility(PGconn *conn, PGContextVisibilit
       affect the messages available from
       already-existing <structname>PGresult</> objects, only
       subsequently-created ones.
+      (But see <function>PQresultVerboseErrorMessage</function> if you
+      want to print a previous error with a different display mode.)
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
@@ -6089,8 +6135,9 @@ PQsetNoticeProcessor(PGconn *conn,
    receiver function is called.  It is passed the message in the form of
    a <symbol>PGRES_NONFATAL_ERROR</symbol>
    <structname>PGresult</structname>.  (This allows the receiver to extract
-   individual fields using <function>PQresultErrorField</>, or the complete
+   individual fields using <function>PQresultErrorField</>, or obtain a
-   preformatted message using <function>PQresultErrorMessage</>.) The same
+   complete preformatted message using <function>PQresultErrorMessage</>
+   or <function>PQresultVerboseErrorMessage</>.)  The same
    void pointer passed to <function>PQsetNoticeReceiver</function> is also
    passed.  (This pointer can be used to access application-specific state
    if needed.)

src/interfaces/libpq/exports.txt

@@ -170,3 +170,4 @@ PQsslStruct               167
 PQsslAttributeNames       168
 PQsslAttribute            169
 PQsetErrorContextVisibility 170
+PQresultVerboseErrorMessage 171

src/interfaces/libpq/fe-exec.c

@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@ PQmakeEmptyPGresult(PGconn *conn, ExecStatusType status)
 	result->nEvents = 0;
 	result->errMsg = NULL;
 	result->errFields = NULL;
+	result->errQuery = NULL;
 	result->null_field[0] = '\0';
 	result->curBlock = NULL;
 	result->curOffset = 0;
@@ -2598,6 +2599,44 @@ PQresultErrorMessage(const PGresult *res)
 	return res->errMsg;
 }
 
+char *
+PQresultVerboseErrorMessage(const PGresult *res,
+							PGVerbosity verbosity,
+							PGContextVisibility show_context)
+{
+	PQExpBufferData workBuf;
+
+	/*
+	 * Because the caller is expected to free the result string, we must
+	 * strdup any constant result.  We use plain strdup and document that
+	 * callers should expect NULL if out-of-memory.
+	 */
+	if (!res ||
+		(res->resultStatus != PGRES_FATAL_ERROR &&
+		 res->resultStatus != PGRES_NONFATAL_ERROR))
+		return strdup(libpq_gettext("PGresult is not an error result\n"));
+
+	initPQExpBuffer(&workBuf);
+
+	/*
+	 * Currently, we pass this off to fe-protocol3.c in all cases; it will
+	 * behave reasonably sanely with an error reported by fe-protocol2.c as
+	 * well.  If necessary, we could record the protocol version in PGresults
+	 * so as to be able to invoke a version-specific message formatter, but
+	 * for now there's no need.
+	 */
+	pqBuildErrorMessage3(&workBuf, res, verbosity, show_context);
+
+	/* If insufficient memory to format the message, fail cleanly */
+	if (PQExpBufferDataBroken(workBuf))
+	{
+		termPQExpBuffer(&workBuf);
+		return strdup(libpq_gettext("out of memory\n"));
+	}
+
+	return workBuf.data;
+}
+
 char *
 PQresultErrorField(const PGresult *res, int fieldcode)
 {

src/interfaces/libpq/fe-protocol3.c

@@ -876,11 +876,9 @@ int
 pqGetErrorNotice3(PGconn *conn, bool isError)
 {
 	PGresult   *res = NULL;
+	bool		have_position = false;
 	PQExpBufferData workBuf;
 	char		id;
-	const char *val;
-	const char *querytext = NULL;
-	int			querypos = 0;
 
 	/*
 	 * Since the fields might be pretty long, we create a temporary
@@ -905,6 +903,9 @@ pqGetErrorNotice3(PGconn *conn, bool isError)
 
 	/*
 	 * Read the fields and save into res.
+	 *
+	 * While at it, save the SQLSTATE in conn->last_sqlstate, and note whether
+	 * we saw a PG_DIAG_STATEMENT_POSITION field.
 	 */
 	for (;;)
 	{
@@ -915,131 +916,26 @@ pqGetErrorNotice3(PGconn *conn, bool isError)
 		if (pqGets(&workBuf, conn))
 			goto fail;
 		pqSaveMessageField(res, id, workBuf.data);
+		if (id == PG_DIAG_SQLSTATE)
+			strlcpy(conn->last_sqlstate, workBuf.data,
+					sizeof(conn->last_sqlstate));
+		else if (id == PG_DIAG_STATEMENT_POSITION)
+			have_position = true;
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Save the active query text, if any, into res as well; but only if we
+	 * might need it for an error cursor display, which is only true if there
+	 * is a PG_DIAG_STATEMENT_POSITION field.
+	 */
+	if (have_position && conn->last_query && res)
+		res->errQuery = pqResultStrdup(res, conn->last_query);
+
 	/*
 	 * Now build the "overall" error message for PQresultErrorMessage.
-	 *
-	 * Also, save the SQLSTATE in conn->last_sqlstate.
 	 */
 	resetPQExpBuffer(&workBuf);
-	val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_SEVERITY);
+	pqBuildErrorMessage3(&workBuf, res, conn->verbosity, conn->show_context);
-	if (val)
-		appendPQExpBuffer(&workBuf, "%s:  ", val);
-	val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_SQLSTATE);
-	if (val)
-	{
-		if (strlen(val) < sizeof(conn->last_sqlstate))
-			strcpy(conn->last_sqlstate, val);
-		if (conn->verbosity == PQERRORS_VERBOSE)
-			appendPQExpBuffer(&workBuf, "%s: ", val);
-	}
-	val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_MESSAGE_PRIMARY);
-	if (val)
-		appendPQExpBufferStr(&workBuf, val);
-	val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_STATEMENT_POSITION);
-	if (val)
-	{
-		if (conn->verbosity != PQERRORS_TERSE && conn->last_query != NULL)
-		{
-			/* emit position as a syntax cursor display */
-			querytext = conn->last_query;
-			querypos = atoi(val);
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			/* emit position as text addition to primary message */
-			/* translator: %s represents a digit string */
-			appendPQExpBuffer(&workBuf, libpq_gettext(" at character %s"),
-							  val);
-		}
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_INTERNAL_POSITION);
-		if (val)
-		{
-			querytext = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_INTERNAL_QUERY);
-			if (conn->verbosity != PQERRORS_TERSE && querytext != NULL)
-			{
-				/* emit position as a syntax cursor display */
-				querypos = atoi(val);
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				/* emit position as text addition to primary message */
-				/* translator: %s represents a digit string */
-				appendPQExpBuffer(&workBuf, libpq_gettext(" at character %s"),
-								  val);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	appendPQExpBufferChar(&workBuf, '\n');
-	if (conn->verbosity != PQERRORS_TERSE)
-	{
-		if (querytext && querypos > 0)
-			reportErrorPosition(&workBuf, querytext, querypos,
-								conn->client_encoding);
-		val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_MESSAGE_DETAIL);
-		if (val)
-			appendPQExpBuffer(&workBuf, libpq_gettext("DETAIL:  %s\n"), val);
-		val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_MESSAGE_HINT);
-		if (val)
-			appendPQExpBuffer(&workBuf, libpq_gettext("HINT:  %s\n"), val);
-		val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_INTERNAL_QUERY);
-		if (val)
-			appendPQExpBuffer(&workBuf, libpq_gettext("QUERY:  %s\n"), val);
-		if (conn->show_context == PQSHOW_CONTEXT_ALWAYS ||
-			(conn->show_context == PQSHOW_CONTEXT_ERRORS && isError))
-		{
-			val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_CONTEXT);
-			if (val)
-				appendPQExpBuffer(&workBuf, libpq_gettext("CONTEXT:  %s\n"),
-								  val);
-		}
-	}
-	if (conn->verbosity == PQERRORS_VERBOSE)
-	{
-		val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_SCHEMA_NAME);
-		if (val)
-			appendPQExpBuffer(&workBuf,
-							  libpq_gettext("SCHEMA NAME:  %s\n"), val);
-		val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_TABLE_NAME);
-		if (val)
-			appendPQExpBuffer(&workBuf,
-							  libpq_gettext("TABLE NAME:  %s\n"), val);
-		val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_COLUMN_NAME);
-		if (val)
-			appendPQExpBuffer(&workBuf,
-							  libpq_gettext("COLUMN NAME:  %s\n"), val);
-		val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_DATATYPE_NAME);
-		if (val)
-			appendPQExpBuffer(&workBuf,
-							  libpq_gettext("DATATYPE NAME:  %s\n"), val);
-		val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_CONSTRAINT_NAME);
-		if (val)
-			appendPQExpBuffer(&workBuf,
-							  libpq_gettext("CONSTRAINT NAME:  %s\n"), val);
-	}
-	if (conn->verbosity == PQERRORS_VERBOSE)
-	{
-		const char *valf;
-		const char *vall;
-
-		valf = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_SOURCE_FILE);
-		vall = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_SOURCE_LINE);
-		val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_SOURCE_FUNCTION);
-		if (val || valf || vall)
-		{
-			appendPQExpBufferStr(&workBuf, libpq_gettext("LOCATION:  "));
-			if (val)
-				appendPQExpBuffer(&workBuf, libpq_gettext("%s, "), val);
-			if (valf && vall)	/* unlikely we'd have just one */
-				appendPQExpBuffer(&workBuf, libpq_gettext("%s:%s"),
-								  valf, vall);
-			appendPQExpBufferChar(&workBuf, '\n');
-		}
-	}
 
 	/*
 	 * Either save error as current async result, or just emit the notice.
@@ -1078,6 +974,157 @@ fail:
 	return EOF;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Construct an error message from the fields in the given PGresult,
+ * appending it to the contents of "msg".
+ */
+void
+pqBuildErrorMessage3(PQExpBuffer msg, const PGresult *res,
+					 PGVerbosity verbosity, PGContextVisibility show_context)
+{
+	const char *val;
+	const char *querytext = NULL;
+	int			querypos = 0;
+
+	/* If we couldn't allocate a PGresult, just say "out of memory" */
+	if (res == NULL)
+	{
+		appendPQExpBuffer(msg, libpq_gettext("out of memory\n"));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If we don't have any broken-down fields, just return the base message.
+	 * This mainly applies if we're given a libpq-generated error result.
+	 */
+	if (res->errFields == NULL)
+	{
+		if (res->errMsg && res->errMsg[0])
+			appendPQExpBufferStr(msg, res->errMsg);
+		else
+			appendPQExpBuffer(msg, libpq_gettext("no error message available\n"));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* Else build error message from relevant fields */
+	val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_SEVERITY);
+	if (val)
+		appendPQExpBuffer(msg, "%s:  ", val);
+	if (verbosity == PQERRORS_VERBOSE)
+	{
+		val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_SQLSTATE);
+		if (val)
+			appendPQExpBuffer(msg, "%s: ", val);
+	}
+	val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_MESSAGE_PRIMARY);
+	if (val)
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(msg, val);
+	val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_STATEMENT_POSITION);
+	if (val)
+	{
+		if (verbosity != PQERRORS_TERSE && res->errQuery != NULL)
+		{
+			/* emit position as a syntax cursor display */
+			querytext = res->errQuery;
+			querypos = atoi(val);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			/* emit position as text addition to primary message */
+			/* translator: %s represents a digit string */
+			appendPQExpBuffer(msg, libpq_gettext(" at character %s"),
+							  val);
+		}
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_INTERNAL_POSITION);
+		if (val)
+		{
+			querytext = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_INTERNAL_QUERY);
+			if (verbosity != PQERRORS_TERSE && querytext != NULL)
+			{
+				/* emit position as a syntax cursor display */
+				querypos = atoi(val);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				/* emit position as text addition to primary message */
+				/* translator: %s represents a digit string */
+				appendPQExpBuffer(msg, libpq_gettext(" at character %s"),
+								  val);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	appendPQExpBufferChar(msg, '\n');
+	if (verbosity != PQERRORS_TERSE)
+	{
+		if (querytext && querypos > 0)
+			reportErrorPosition(msg, querytext, querypos,
+								res->client_encoding);
+		val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_MESSAGE_DETAIL);
+		if (val)
+			appendPQExpBuffer(msg, libpq_gettext("DETAIL:  %s\n"), val);
+		val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_MESSAGE_HINT);
+		if (val)
+			appendPQExpBuffer(msg, libpq_gettext("HINT:  %s\n"), val);
+		val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_INTERNAL_QUERY);
+		if (val)
+			appendPQExpBuffer(msg, libpq_gettext("QUERY:  %s\n"), val);
+		if (show_context == PQSHOW_CONTEXT_ALWAYS ||
+			(show_context == PQSHOW_CONTEXT_ERRORS &&
+			 res->resultStatus == PGRES_FATAL_ERROR))
+		{
+			val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_CONTEXT);
+			if (val)
+				appendPQExpBuffer(msg, libpq_gettext("CONTEXT:  %s\n"),
+								  val);
+		}
+	}
+	if (verbosity == PQERRORS_VERBOSE)
+	{
+		val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_SCHEMA_NAME);
+		if (val)
+			appendPQExpBuffer(msg,
+							  libpq_gettext("SCHEMA NAME:  %s\n"), val);
+		val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_TABLE_NAME);
+		if (val)
+			appendPQExpBuffer(msg,
+							  libpq_gettext("TABLE NAME:  %s\n"), val);
+		val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_COLUMN_NAME);
+		if (val)
+			appendPQExpBuffer(msg,
+							  libpq_gettext("COLUMN NAME:  %s\n"), val);
+		val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_DATATYPE_NAME);
+		if (val)
+			appendPQExpBuffer(msg,
+							  libpq_gettext("DATATYPE NAME:  %s\n"), val);
+		val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_CONSTRAINT_NAME);
+		if (val)
+			appendPQExpBuffer(msg,
+							  libpq_gettext("CONSTRAINT NAME:  %s\n"), val);
+	}
+	if (verbosity == PQERRORS_VERBOSE)
+	{
+		const char *valf;
+		const char *vall;
+
+		valf = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_SOURCE_FILE);
+		vall = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_SOURCE_LINE);
+		val = PQresultErrorField(res, PG_DIAG_SOURCE_FUNCTION);
+		if (val || valf || vall)
+		{
+			appendPQExpBufferStr(msg, libpq_gettext("LOCATION:  "));
+			if (val)
+				appendPQExpBuffer(msg, libpq_gettext("%s, "), val);
+			if (valf && vall)	/* unlikely we'd have just one */
+				appendPQExpBuffer(msg, libpq_gettext("%s:%s"),
+								  valf, vall);
+			appendPQExpBufferChar(msg, '\n');
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 /*
  * Add an error-location display to the error message under construction.
  *

src/interfaces/libpq/libpq-fe.h

@@ -463,6 +463,9 @@ extern PGresult *PQfn(PGconn *conn,
 extern ExecStatusType PQresultStatus(const PGresult *res);
 extern char *PQresStatus(ExecStatusType status);
 extern char *PQresultErrorMessage(const PGresult *res);
+extern char *PQresultVerboseErrorMessage(const PGresult *res,
+							PGVerbosity verbosity,
+							PGContextVisibility show_context);
 extern char *PQresultErrorField(const PGresult *res, int fieldcode);
 extern int	PQntuples(const PGresult *res);
 extern int	PQnfields(const PGresult *res);

src/interfaces/libpq/libpq-int.h

@@ -197,6 +197,7 @@ struct pg_result
 	 */
 	char	   *errMsg;			/* error message, or NULL if no error */
 	PGMessageField *errFields;	/* message broken into fields */
+	char	   *errQuery;		/* text of triggering query, if available */
 
 	/* All NULL attributes in the query result point to this null string */
 	char		null_field[1];
@@ -575,6 +576,8 @@ extern char *pqBuildStartupPacket3(PGconn *conn, int *packetlen,
 					  const PQEnvironmentOption *options);
 extern void pqParseInput3(PGconn *conn);
 extern int	pqGetErrorNotice3(PGconn *conn, bool isError);
+extern void pqBuildErrorMessage3(PQExpBuffer msg, const PGresult *res,
+					 PGVerbosity verbosity, PGContextVisibility show_context);
 extern int	pqGetCopyData3(PGconn *conn, char **buffer, int async);
 extern int	pqGetline3(PGconn *conn, char *s, int maxlen);
 extern int	pqGetlineAsync3(PGconn *conn, char *buffer, int bufsize);