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Update backup documentation for new APIs

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This includes the rest of the documentation that was not included
in 7117685. A larger restructure would still be wanted, but with
this commit the documentation of the new features is complete.
This commit is contained in:
Magnus Hagander 2016-04-20 14:40:04 -04:00
parent bde361fef5
commit cfb863f20a
1 changed files with 147 additions and 31 deletions
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doc/src/sgml/backup.sgml
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@ -818,6 +818,21 @@ test ! -f /mnt/server/archivedir/00000001000000A900000065 && cp pg_xlog/
simple. It is very important that these steps are executed in
sequence, and that the success of a step is verified before
proceeding to the next step.
</para>
<para>
Low level base backups can be made in a non-exclusive or an exclusive
way. The non-exclusive method is recommended and the exclusive one is
deprecated and will eventually be removed.
</para>
<sect3 id="backup-lowlevel-base-backup-nonexclusive">
<title>Making a non-exclusive low level backup</title>
<para>
A non-exclusive low level backup is one that allows other
concurrent backups to be running (both those started using
the same backup API and those started using
<xref linkend="app-pgbasebackup">.
</para>
<para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
@ -826,31 +841,129 @@ test ! -f /mnt/server/archivedir/00000001000000A900000065 &amp;&amp; cp pg_xlog/
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Connect to the database as a user with rights to run pg_start_backup
(superuser, or a user who has been granted EXECUTE on the function)
and issue the command:
Connect to the server (it does not matter which database) as a user with
rights to run pg_start_backup (superuser, or a user who has been granted
EXECUTE on the function) and issue the command:
<programlisting>
SELECT pg_start_backup('label', false, false);
</programlisting>
where <literal>label</> is any string you want to use to uniquely
identify this backup operation. The connection
calling <function>pg_start_backup</> must be maintained until the end of
the backup, or the backup will be automatically aborted.
</para>
<para>
By default, <function>pg_start_backup</> can take a long time to finish.
This is because it performs a checkpoint, and the I/O
required for the checkpoint will be spread out over a significant
period of time, by default half your inter-checkpoint interval
(see the configuration parameter
<xref linkend="guc-checkpoint-completion-target">). This is
usually what you want, because it minimizes the impact on query
processing. If you want to start the backup as soon as
possible, change the second parameter to <literal>true</>.
</para>
<para>
The third parameter being <literal>false</> tells
<function>pg_start_backup</> to initiate a non-exclusive base backup.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Perform the backup, using any convenient file-system-backup tool
such as <application>tar</> or <application>cpio</> (not
<application>pg_dump</application> or
<application>pg_dumpall</application>). It is neither
necessary nor desirable to stop normal operation of the database
while you do this. See section
<xref linkend="backup-lowlevel-base-backup-data"> for things to
consider during this backup.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
In the same connection as before, issue the command:
<programlisting>
SELECT * FROM pg_stop_backup(false);
</programlisting>
This terminates the backup mode and performs an automatic switch to
the next WAL segment. The reason for the switch is to arrange for
the last WAL segment file written during the backup interval to be
ready to archive.
</para>
<para>
The <function>pg_stop_backup</> will return one row with three
values. The second of these fields should be written to a file named
<filename>backup_label</> in the root directory of the backup. The
third field should be written to a file named
<filename>tablespace_map</> unless the field is empty. These files are
vital to the backup working, and must be written without modification.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Once the WAL segment files active during the backup are archived, you are
done. The file identified by <function>pg_stop_backup</>'s first return
value the last segment that is required to form a complete set of backup
files. If <varname>archive_mode</> is enabled,
<function>pg_stop_backup</> does not return until the last segment has
been archived.
Archiving of these files happens automatically since you have
already configured <varname>archive_command</>. In most cases this
happens quickly, but you are advised to monitor your archive
system to ensure there are no delays.
If the archive process has fallen behind
because of failures of the archive command, it will keep retrying
until the archive succeeds and the backup is complete.
If you wish to place a time limit on the execution of
<function>pg_stop_backup</>, set an appropriate
<varname>statement_timeout</varname> value, but make note that if
<function>pg_stop_backup</> terminates because of this your backup
may not be valid.
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="backup-lowlevel-base-backup-exclusive">
<title>Making an exclusive low level backup</title>
<para>
The process for an exclusive backup is mostly the same as for a
non-exclusive one, but it differs in a few key steps. It does not allow
more than one concurrent backup to run, and there can be some issues on
the server if it crashes during the backup. Prior to PostgreSQL 9.6, this
was the only low-level method available, but it is now recommended that
all users upgrade their scripts to use non-exclusive backups if possible.
</para>
<para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Ensure that WAL archiving is enabled and working.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Connect to the server (it does not matter which database) as a user with
rights to run pg_start_backup (superuser, or a user who has been granted
EXECUTE on the function) and issue the command:
<programlisting>
SELECT pg_start_backup('label');
</programlisting>
where <literal>label</> is any string you want to use to uniquely
identify this backup operation. (One good practice is to use the
full path where you intend to put the backup dump file.)
identify this backup operation.
<function>pg_start_backup</> creates a <firstterm>backup label</> file,
called <filename>backup_label</>, in the cluster directory with
information about your backup, including the start time and label
string. The function also creates a <firstterm>tablespace map</> file,
information about your backup, including the start time and label string.
The function also creates a <firstterm>tablespace map</> file,
called <filename>tablespace_map</>, in the cluster directory with
information about tablespace symbolic links in <filename>pg_tblspc/</>
if one or more such link is present. Both files are critical to the
information about tablespace symbolic links in <filename>pg_tblspc/</> if
one or more such link is present. Both files are critical to the
integrity of the backup, should you need to restore from it.
</para>
<para>
It does not matter which database within the cluster you connect to to
issue this command. You can ignore the result returned by the function;
but if it reports an error, deal with that before proceeding.
</para>
<para>
By default, <function>pg_start_backup</> can take a long time to finish.
This is because it performs a checkpoint, and the I/O
@ -874,7 +987,9 @@ SELECT pg_start_backup('label', true);
<application>pg_dump</application> or
<application>pg_dumpall</application>). It is neither
necessary nor desirable to stop normal operation of the database
while you do this.
while you do this. See section
<xref linkend="backup-lowlevel-base-backup-data"> for things to
consider during this backup.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@ -908,12 +1023,16 @@ SELECT pg_stop_backup();
until the archive succeeds and the backup is complete.
If you wish to place a time limit on the execution of
<function>pg_stop_backup</>, set an appropriate
<varname>statement_timeout</varname> value.
<varname>statement_timeout</varname> value, but make note that if
<function>pg_stop_backup</> terminates because of this your backup
may not be valid.
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</para>
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="backup-lowlevel-base-backup-data">
<title>Backing up the data directory</title>
<para>
Some file system backup tools emit warnings or errors
if the files they are trying to copy change while the copy proceeds.
@ -933,16 +1052,16 @@ SELECT pg_stop_backup();
</para>
<para>
Be certain that your backup dump includes all of the files under
Be certain that your backup includes all of the files under
the database cluster directory (e.g., <filename>/usr/local/pgsql/data</>).
If you are using tablespaces that do not reside underneath this directory,
be careful to include them as well (and be sure that your backup dump
be careful to include them as well (and be sure that your backup
archives symbolic links as links, otherwise the restore will corrupt
your tablespaces).
</para>
<para>
You can, however, omit from the backup dump the files within the
You should, however, omit from the backup the files within the
cluster's <filename>pg_xlog/</> subdirectory. This
slight adjustment is worthwhile because it reduces the risk
of mistakes when restoring. This is easy to arrange if
@ -956,7 +1075,7 @@ SELECT pg_stop_backup();
</para>
<para>
It is often a good idea to also omit from the backup dump the files
It is often a good idea to also omit from the backup the files
within the cluster's <filename>pg_replslot/</> directory, so that
replication slots that exist on the master do not become part of the
backup. Otherwise, the subsequent use of the backup to create a standby
@ -971,15 +1090,11 @@ SELECT pg_stop_backup();
</para>
<para>
It's also worth noting that the <function>pg_start_backup</> function
makes files named <filename>backup_label</> and
<filename>tablespace_map</> in the database cluster directory,
which are removed by <function>pg_stop_backup</>. These files will of
course be archived as a part of your backup dump file. The backup label
The backup label
file includes the label string you gave to <function>pg_start_backup</>,
as well as the time at which <function>pg_start_backup</> was run, and
the name of the starting WAL file. In case of confusion it is therefore
possible to look inside a backup dump file and determine exactly which
possible to look inside a backup file and determine exactly which
backup session the dump file came from. The tablespace map file includes
the symbolic link names as they exist in the directory
<filename>pg_tblspc/</> and the full path of each symbolic link.
@ -989,13 +1104,14 @@ SELECT pg_stop_backup();
</para>
<para>
It is also possible to make a backup dump while the server is
It is also possible to make a backup while the server is
stopped. In this case, you obviously cannot use
<function>pg_start_backup</> or <function>pg_stop_backup</>, and
you will therefore be left to your own devices to keep track of which
backup dump is which and how far back the associated WAL files go.
backup is which and how far back the associated WAL files go.
It is generally better to follow the continuous archiving procedure above.
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="backup-pitr-recovery">