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doc/FAQ
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User Client Questions User Client Questions
2.1) Are there ODBC drivers for PostgreSQL? 2.1) Are there ODBC drivers for PostgreSQL?
2.2) What tools are available for hooking PostgreSQL to Web pages? 2.2) What tools are available for use PostgreSQL with Web pages?
2.3) Does PostgreSQL have a graphical user interface? A report 2.3) Does PostgreSQL have a graphical user interface? A report
generator? An embedded query language interface? generator? An embedded query language interface?
2.4) What languages are available to communicate with PostgreSQL? 2.4) What languages are available to communicate with PostgreSQL?
@ -50,11 +50,10 @@
3.5) How do I prevent other hosts from accessing my PostgreSQL 3.5) How do I prevent other hosts from accessing my PostgreSQL
database? database?
3.6) Why can't I connect to my database from another machine? 3.6) Why can't I connect to my database from another machine?
3.7) All my servers crash under concurrent table access. Why? 3.7) How do I tune the database engine for better performance?
3.8) How do I tune the database engine for better performance? 3.8) What debugging features are available?
3.9) What debugging features are available? 3.9) I get "Sorry, too many clients" when trying to connect. Why?
3.10) I get "Sorry, too many clients" when trying to connect. Why? 3.10) What are the pg_sorttempNNN.NN files in my database directory?
3.11) What are the pg_sorttempNNN.NN files in my database directory?
Operational Questions Operational Questions
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1.6) Where can I get support? 1.6) Where can I get support?
There is no support for PostgreSQL from the University of California,
Berkeley. It is maintained through volunteer effort.
The main mailing list is: pgsql-general@PostgreSQL.org. It is The main mailing list is: pgsql-general@PostgreSQL.org. It is
available for discussion of matters pertaining to PostgreSQL. To available for discussion of matters pertaining to PostgreSQL. To
subscribe, send mail with the following lines in the body (not the subscribe, send mail with the following lines in the body (not the
@ -236,7 +232,7 @@
There is also an IRC channel on EFNet, channel #PostgreSQL. I use the There is also an IRC channel on EFNet, channel #PostgreSQL. I use the
unix command irc -c '#PostgreSQL' "$USER" irc.phoenix.net. unix command irc -c '#PostgreSQL' "$USER" irc.phoenix.net.
A list of commercial PostgreSQL support is available at A list of commercial support companies is available at
http://www.postgresql.org/users-lounge/commercial-support.html. http://www.postgresql.org/users-lounge/commercial-support.html.
1.7) What is the latest release? 1.7) What is the latest release?
@ -385,7 +381,7 @@
See also the ODBC chapter of the Programmer's Guide. See also the ODBC chapter of the Programmer's Guide.
2.2) What tools are available for hooking PostgreSQL to Web pages? 2.2) What tools are available for using PostgreSQL with Web pages?
A nice introduction to Database-backed Web pages can be seen at: A nice introduction to Database-backed Web pages can be seen at:
http://www.webtools.com http://www.webtools.com
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authentication by modifying the file $PGDATA/pg_hba.conf accordingly. authentication by modifying the file $PGDATA/pg_hba.conf accordingly.
This will allow TCP/IP connections. This will allow TCP/IP connections.
Inoperative semaphores can also cause crashes during heavy database
access.
3.6) Why can't I connect to my database from another machine? 3.6) Why can't I connect to my database from another machine?
The default configuration allows only unix domain socket connections The default configuration allows only unix domain socket connections
@ -476,12 +475,7 @@
postmaster has been started with the -i option, and add an appropriate postmaster has been started with the -i option, and add an appropriate
host entry to the file pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf. host entry to the file pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf.
3.7) All my servers crash under concurrent table access. Why? 3.7) How do I tune the database engine for better performance?
This problem can be caused by a kernel that is not configured to
support semaphores.
3.8) How do I tune the database engine for better performance?
Certainly, indices can speed up queries. The EXPLAIN command allows Certainly, indices can speed up queries. The EXPLAIN command allows
you to see how PostgreSQL is interpreting your query, and which you to see how PostgreSQL is interpreting your query, and which
@ -512,7 +506,7 @@
You can also use the CLUSTER command to group data in tables to match You can also use the CLUSTER command to group data in tables to match
an index. See the CLUSTER manual page for more details. an index. See the CLUSTER manual page for more details.
3.9) What debugging features are available? 3.8) What debugging features are available?
PostgreSQL has several features that report status information that PostgreSQL has several features that report status information that
can be valuable for debugging purposes. can be valuable for debugging purposes.
@ -559,7 +553,7 @@
pgsql/data/base/dbname directory. The client profile file will be put pgsql/data/base/dbname directory. The client profile file will be put
in the client's current directory. in the client's current directory.
3.10) I get 'Sorry, too many clients' when trying to connect. Why? 3.9) I get 'Sorry, too many clients' when trying to connect. Why?
You need to increase the postmaster's limit on how many concurrent You need to increase the postmaster's limit on how many concurrent
backend processes it can start. backend processes it can start.
@ -587,7 +581,7 @@
was 64, and changing it required a rebuild after altering the was 64, and changing it required a rebuild after altering the
MaxBackendId constant in include/storage/sinvaladt.h. MaxBackendId constant in include/storage/sinvaladt.h.
3.11) What are the pg_sorttempNNN.NN files in my database directory? 3.10) What are the pg_sorttempNNN.NN files in my database directory?
They are temporary files generated by the query executor. For example, They are temporary files generated by the query executor. For example,
if a sort needs to be done to satisfy an ORDER BY, and the sort if a sort needs to be done to satisfy an ORDER BY, and the sort

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doc/src/FAQ/FAQ.html
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</CENTER> </CENTER>
<A href="#2.1">2.1</A>) Are there <SMALL>ODBC</SMALL> drivers for <A href="#2.1">2.1</A>) Are there <SMALL>ODBC</SMALL> drivers for
PostgreSQL?<BR> PostgreSQL?<BR>
<A href="#2.2">2.2</A>) What tools are available for hooking <A href="#2.2">2.2</A>) What tools are available for use PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL to Web pages?<BR> with Web pages?<BR>
<A href="#2.3">2.3</A>) Does PostgreSQL have a graphical user <A href="#2.3">2.3</A>) Does PostgreSQL have a graphical user
interface? A report generator? An embedded query language interface? A report generator? An embedded query language
interface?<BR> interface?<BR>
@ -77,14 +77,12 @@
accessing my PostgreSQL database?<BR> accessing my PostgreSQL database?<BR>
<A href="#3.6">3.6</A>) Why can't I connect to my database from <A href="#3.6">3.6</A>) Why can't I connect to my database from
another machine?<BR> another machine?<BR>
<A href="#3.7">3.7</A>) All my servers crash under concurrent <A href="#3.7">3.7</A>) How do I tune the database engine for
table access. Why?<BR>
<A href="#3.8">3.8</A>) How do I tune the database engine for
better performance?<BR> better performance?<BR>
<A href="#3.9">3.9</A>) What debugging features are available?<BR> <A href="#3.8">3.8</A>) What debugging features are available?<BR>
<A href="#3.10">3.10</A>) I get <I>"Sorry, too many clients"</I> <A href="#3.9">3.9</A>) I get <I>"Sorry, too many clients"</I>
when trying to connect. Why?<BR> when trying to connect. Why?<BR>
<A href="#3.11">3.11</A>) What are the <I>pg_sorttempNNN.NN</I> <A href="#3.10">3.10</A>) What are the <I>pg_sorttempNNN.NN</I>
files in my database directory?<BR> files in my database directory?<BR>
@ -260,10 +258,6 @@
<H4><A name="1.6">1.6</A>) Where can I get support?</H4> <H4><A name="1.6">1.6</A>) Where can I get support?</H4>
<P>There is no support for PostgreSQL from the University of
California, Berkeley. It is maintained through volunteer
effort.</P>
<P>The main mailing list is: <A href= <P>The main mailing list is: <A href=
"mailto:pgsql-general@PostgreSQL.org">pgsql-general@PostgreSQL.org</A>. "mailto:pgsql-general@PostgreSQL.org">pgsql-general@PostgreSQL.org</A>.
It is available for discussion of matters pertaining to PostgreSQL. It is available for discussion of matters pertaining to PostgreSQL.
@ -316,7 +310,7 @@
<I>#PostgreSQL.</I> I use the unix command <CODE>irc -c <I>#PostgreSQL.</I> I use the unix command <CODE>irc -c
'#PostgreSQL' "$USER" irc.phoenix.net.</CODE></P> '#PostgreSQL' "$USER" irc.phoenix.net.</CODE></P>
<P>A list of commercial PostgreSQL support is available at <A href= <P>A list of commercial support companies is available at <A href=
"http://www.postgresql.org/users-lounge/commercial-support.html">http://www.postgresql.org/users-lounge/commercial-support.html</A>.</P> "http://www.postgresql.org/users-lounge/commercial-support.html">http://www.postgresql.org/users-lounge/commercial-support.html</A>.</P>
<H4><A name="1.7">1.7</A>) What is the latest release?</H4> <H4><A name="1.7">1.7</A>) What is the latest release?</H4>
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"http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/programmer/odbc.htm">ODBC chapter "http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/programmer/odbc.htm">ODBC chapter
of the Programmer's Guide</A>.</P> of the Programmer's Guide</A>.</P>
<H4><A name="2.2">2.2</A>) What tools are available for hooking <H4><A name="2.2">2.2</A>) What tools are available for using
PostgreSQL to Web pages?</H4> PostgreSQL with Web pages?</H4>
<P>A nice introduction to Database-backed Web pages can be seen at: <P>A nice introduction to Database-backed Web pages can be seen at:
<A href="http://www.webtools.com">http://www.webtools.com</A></P> <A href="http://www.webtools.com">http://www.webtools.com</A></P>
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modifying the file <I>$PGDATA/pg_hba.conf</I> accordingly. This modifying the file <I>$PGDATA/pg_hba.conf</I> accordingly. This
will allow TCP/IP connections.</P> will allow TCP/IP connections.</P>
<P>Inoperative semaphores can also cause crashes during heavy
database access.</P>
<H4><A name="3.6">3.6</A>) Why can't I connect to my database from <H4><A name="3.6">3.6</A>) Why can't I connect to my database from
another machine?</H4> another machine?</H4>
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option, and add an appropriate host entry to the file option, and add an appropriate host entry to the file
<I>pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf</I>.</P> <I>pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf</I>.</P>
<H4><A name="3.7">3.7</A>) All my servers crash under concurrent <H4><A name="3.7">3.7</A>) How do I tune the database engine for
table access. Why?</H4>
<P>This problem can be caused by a kernel that is not configured to
support semaphores.</P>
<H4><A name="3.8">3.8</A>) How do I tune the database engine for
better performance?</H4> better performance?</H4>
<P>Certainly, indices can speed up queries. The <P>Certainly, indices can speed up queries. The
@ -672,7 +663,7 @@
data in tables to match an index. See the <SMALL>CLUSTER</SMALL> data in tables to match an index. See the <SMALL>CLUSTER</SMALL>
manual page for more details.</P> manual page for more details.</P>
<H4><A name="3.9">3.9</A>) What debugging features are <H4><A name="3.8">3.8</A>) What debugging features are
available?</H4> available?</H4>
<P>PostgreSQL has several features that report status information <P>PostgreSQL has several features that report status information
@ -728,7 +719,7 @@
in the <I>pgsql/data/base/dbname</I> directory. The client profile in the <I>pgsql/data/base/dbname</I> directory. The client profile
file will be put in the client's current directory.</P> file will be put in the client's current directory.</P>
<H4><A name="3.10">3.10</A>) I get 'Sorry, too many clients' when <H4><A name="3.9">3.9</A>) I get 'Sorry, too many clients' when
trying to connect. Why?</H4> trying to connect. Why?</H4>
<P>You need to increase the <I>postmaster's</I> limit on how many <P>You need to increase the <I>postmaster's</I> limit on how many
@ -763,7 +754,7 @@
the MaxBackendId constant in the MaxBackendId constant in
<I>include/storage/sinvaladt.h.</I></P> <I>include/storage/sinvaladt.h.</I></P>
<H4><A name="3.11">3.11</A>) What are the <I>pg_sorttempNNN.NN</I> <H4><A name="3.10">3.10</A>) What are the <I>pg_sorttempNNN.NN</I>
files in my database directory?</H4> files in my database directory?</H4>
<P>They are temporary files generated by the query executor. For <P>They are temporary files generated by the query executor. For
@ -1303,4 +1294,3 @@ or
compiler compute the dependencies automatically.</P> compiler compute the dependencies automatically.</P>
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</HTML> </HTML>