Allow hint bits to be set sooner for temporary and unlogged tables.

We need not wait until the commit record is durably on disk, because
in the event of a crash the page we're updating with hint bits will
be gone anyway.  Per off-list report from Heikki Linnakangas, this
can significantly degrade the performance of unlogged tables; I was
able to show a 2x speedup from this patch on a pgbench run with scale
factor 15.  In practice, this will mostly help small, heavily updated
tables, because on larger tables you're unlikely to run into the same
row again before the commit record makes it out to disk.

src/backend/storage/buffer/bufmgr.c

@@ -1929,6 +1929,35 @@ RelationGetNumberOfBlocksInFork(Relation relation, ForkNumber forkNum)
 	return smgrnblocks(relation->rd_smgr, forkNum);
 }
 
+/*
+ * BufferIsPermanent
+ *		Determines whether a buffer will potentially still be around after
+ *		a crash.  Caller must hold a buffer pin.
+ */
+bool
+BufferIsPermanent(Buffer buffer)
+{
+	volatile BufferDesc *bufHdr;
+
+	/* Local buffers are used only for temp relations. */
+	if (BufferIsLocal(buffer))
+		return false;
+
+	/* Make sure we've got a real buffer, and that we hold a pin on it. */
+	Assert(BufferIsValid(buffer));
+	Assert(BufferIsPinned(buffer));
+
+	/*
+	 * BM_PERMANENT can't be changed while we hold a pin on the buffer, so
+	 * we need not bother with the buffer header spinlock.  Even if someone
+	 * else changes the buffer header flags while we're doing this, we assume
+	 * that changing an aligned 2-byte BufFlags value is atomic, so we'll read
+	 * the old value or the new value, but not random garbage.
+	 */
+	bufHdr = &BufferDescriptors[buffer - 1];
+	return (bufHdr->flags & BM_PERMANENT) != 0;
+}
+
 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------
  *		DropRelFileNodeBuffers
  *

src/backend/utils/time/tqual.c

@@ -82,10 +82,12 @@ static bool XidInMVCCSnapshot(TransactionId xid, Snapshot snapshot);
  * Set commit/abort hint bits on a tuple, if appropriate at this time.
  *
  * It is only safe to set a transaction-committed hint bit if we know the
- * transaction's commit record has been flushed to disk.  We cannot change
+ * transaction's commit record has been flushed to disk, or if the table is
- * the LSN of the page here because we may hold only a share lock on the
+ * temporary or unlogged and will be obliterated by a crash anyway.  We
- * buffer, so we can't use the LSN to interlock this; we have to just refrain
+ * cannot change the LSN of the page here because we may hold only a share
- * from setting the hint bit until some future re-examination of the tuple.
+ * lock on the buffer, so we can't use the LSN to interlock this; we have to
+ * just refrain from setting the hint bit until some future re-examination
+ * of the tuple.
  *
  * We can always set hint bits when marking a transaction aborted.	(Some
  * code in heapam.c relies on that!)
@@ -113,7 +115,7 @@ SetHintBits(HeapTupleHeader tuple, Buffer buffer,
 		/* NB: xid must be known committed here! */
 		XLogRecPtr	commitLSN = TransactionIdGetCommitLSN(xid);
 
-		if (XLogNeedsFlush(commitLSN))
+		if (XLogNeedsFlush(commitLSN) && BufferIsPermanent(buffer))
 			return;				/* not flushed yet, so don't set hint */
 	}
 

src/include/storage/bufmgr.h

@@ -192,6 +192,8 @@ extern void DropDatabaseBuffers(Oid dbid);
 #define RelationGetNumberOfBlocks(reln) \
 	RelationGetNumberOfBlocksInFork(reln, MAIN_FORKNUM)
 
+extern bool BufferIsPermanent(Buffer buffer);
+
 #ifdef NOT_USED
 extern void PrintPinnedBufs(void);
 #endif