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Clean up pages. Add information for operator precedence.

Browse Source 
Split introduction sections into separate files to allow the legal notice
 and notation sections appear in all documents without having the history
 show up everplace too.
Add full list of reserved and non-reserved key words in syntax.sgml.
Add a separate chapter to the admin guide on security.
This commit is contained in:
Thomas G. Lockhart 1998-09-30 05:41:54 +00:00
parent d1a3b7528d
commit 2d73585028
23 changed files with 1812 additions and 727 deletions
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4
doc/src/sgml/Makefile
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
#
#
# IDENTIFICATION
# $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/Makefile,v 1.5 1998/09/25 13:41:25 thomas Exp $
# $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/Makefile,v 1.6 1998/09/30 05:41:39 thomas Exp $
#
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ install::
all::
clean::
(rm -rf *.html *.htm)
(rm -rf HTML.manifest *.html *.htm)
distclean::
$(MAKE) clean

18
doc/src/sgml/about.sgml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
<Sect1>
<Title>About This Release</Title>
<Para>
<ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName> is available without cost. This manual
describes version 6.4 of <ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName>.
<Para>
We will use <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
to mean the version distributed as <ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName>.
<Para>
Check the Administrator's Guide for a list of currently supported machines.
In general,
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> is portable to any Unix/Posix-compatible system
with full libc library support.
</Sect1>

34
doc/src/sgml/admin.sgml
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@ -1,23 +1,34 @@
<!-- admin.sgml
-
- Postgres administrator's guide.
- Derived from postgres.sgml.
- thomas 1998-02-27
-
- -->
<!doctype book PUBLIC "-//Davenport//DTD DocBook V3.0//EN" [
<!entity intro SYSTEM "intro.sgml">
<!--
$header$
Postgres Administrator's Guide.
Derived from postgres.sgml.
thomas 1998-02-27
$log$
-->
<!doctype book PUBLIC "-//Davenport//DTD DocBook V3.0//EN" [
<!entity about SYSTEM "about.sgml">
<!entity history SYSTEM "history.sgml">
<!entity info SYSTEM "info.sgml">
<!entity legal SYSTEM "legal.sgml">
<!entity notation SYSTEM "notation.sgml">
<!entity intro-ag SYSTEM "intro-ag.sgml">
<!entity install SYSTEM "install.sgml">
<!entity ports SYSTEM "ports.sgml">
<!entity recovery SYSTEM "recovery.sgml">
<!entity regress SYSTEM "regress.sgml">
<!entity release SYSTEM "release.sgml">
<!entity runtime SYSTEM "runtime.sgml">
<!entity start-ag SYSTEM "start-ag.sgml">
<!entity biblio SYSTEM "biblio.sgml">
]>
<!-- entity manpages SYSTEM "man/manpages.sgml" subdoc -->
<Book Id="admin">
<!-- Title information -->
@ -86,10 +97,11 @@ It provides SQL92/SQL3 language support,
</Para>
</Preface>
&intro;
&intro-ag;
&ports;
&install;
&runtime;
&start-ag;
&recovery;
&regress;

184
doc/src/sgml/biblio.sgml
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@ -9,14 +9,21 @@ Selected references and readings for <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> and <ProductName>Pos
<TITLE><Acronym>SQL</Acronym> Reference Books</TITLE>
<PARA>Reference texts for <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> features.</PARA>
<BIBLIOENTRY ID="BOWMAN93">
<BIBLIOENTRY>
<!--
<BIBLIOMISC>&dash;</BIBLIOMISC>
<BOOKBIBLIO ID="BOWMAN93">
-->
<TITLE>The Practical <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> Handbook</TITLE>
<SUBTITLE>Using Structured Query Language</SUBTITLE>
<TITLE ID="BOWMAN93-full">
The Practical <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> Handbook
</TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV ID="BOWMAN93">
Bowman et al, 1993
</TITLEABBREV>
<SUBTITLE>
Using Structured Query Language
</SUBTITLE>
<EDITION>3</EDITION>
<AUTHORGROUP>
<AUTHOR>
@ -46,15 +53,21 @@ Selected references and readings for <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> and <ProductName>Pos
-->
</BIBLIOENTRY>
<BIBLIOENTRY ID="DATE97">
<BIBLIOENTRY>
<!--
<BIBLIOMISC>&dash;</BIBLIOMISC>
<BOOKBIBLIO ID="DATE97">
-->
<TITLE>A Guide to The <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> Standard</TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV>The <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> Standard</TITLEABBREV>
<SUBTITLE>A user's guide to the standard database language <Acronym>SQL</Acronym></SUBTITLE>
<TITLE id="DATE97-full">
A Guide to the <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> Standard
</TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV id="DATE97">
Date and Darwen, 1997
</TITLEABBREV>
<SUBTITLE>
A user's guide to the standard database language <Acronym>SQL</Acronym>
</SUBTITLE>
<EDITION>4</EDITION>
<AUTHORGROUP>
<AUTHOR>
@ -80,13 +93,18 @@ Selected references and readings for <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> and <ProductName>Pos
-->
</BIBLIOENTRY>
<BIBLIOENTRY ID="MELT93">
<BIBLIOENTRY>
<!--
<BIBLIOMISC>&dash;</BIBLIOMISC>
<BOOKBIBLIO ID="MELT93">
-->
<TITLE>Understanding the New <Acronym>SQL</Acronym></TITLE>
<TITLE ID="MELT93-full">
Understanding the New <Acronym>SQL</Acronym>
</TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV ID="MELT93">
Melton and Simon, 1993
</TITLEABBREV>
<SUBTITLE>A complete guide</SUBTITLE>
<AUTHORGROUP>
<AUTHOR>
@ -121,19 +139,24 @@ Selected references and readings for <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> and <ProductName>Pos
<TITLE>PostgreSQL-Specific Documentation</TITLE>
<PARA>This section is for related documentation.</PARA>
<BIBLIOENTRY ID="ADMIN-GUIDE">
<BIBLIOENTRY>
<!--
<BIBLIOMISC>&dash;</BIBLIOMISC>
<BOOKBIBLIO ID="ADMINISTRATORS-GUIDE">
-->
<TITLE>The <ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName> Administrator's Guide</TITLE>
<TITLE ID="admin-guide-full">
The <ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName> Administrator's Guide
</TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV ID="admin-guide">
The Administrator's Guide
</TITLEABBREV>
<Editor>
<FIRSTNAME>Thomas</FIRSTNAME>
<SURNAME>Lockhart</SURNAME>
</Editor>
<PUBDATE>1998-03-01</PUBDATE>
<PUBDATE>1998-10-01</PUBDATE>
<PUBLISHER>
<PUBLISHERNAME>The PostgreSQL Global Development Group</PUBLISHERNAME>
</PUBLISHER>
@ -142,19 +165,24 @@ Selected references and readings for <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> and <ProductName>Pos
-->
</BIBLIOENTRY>
<BIBLIOENTRY ID="DEVELOPERS-GUIDE">
<BIBLIOENTRY>
<!--
<BIBLIOMISC>&dash;</BIBLIOMISC>
<BOOKBIBLIO ID="POSTGRES-REFERENCE">
-->
<TITLE>The <ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName> Developer's Guide</TITLE>
<TITLE ID="dev-guide-full">
The <ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName> Developer's Guide
</TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV ID="dev-guide">
The Developer's Guide
</TITLEABBREV>
<Editor>
<FIRSTNAME>Thomas</FIRSTNAME>
<SURNAME>Lockhart</SURNAME>
</Editor>
<PUBDATE>1998-03-01</PUBDATE>
<PUBDATE>1998-10-01</PUBDATE>
<PUBLISHER>
<PUBLISHERNAME>The PostgreSQL Global Development Group</PUBLISHERNAME>
</PUBLISHER>
@ -163,19 +191,24 @@ Selected references and readings for <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> and <ProductName>Pos
-->
</BIBLIOENTRY>
<BIBLIOENTRY ID="PROGRAMMERS-GUIDE">
<BIBLIOENTRY>
<!--
<BIBLIOMISC>&dash;</BIBLIOMISC>
<BOOKBIBLIO ID="PROGRAMMERS-GUIDE">
-->
<TITLE>The <ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName> Programmer's Guide</TITLE>
<TITLE ID="pro-guide-full">
The <ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName> Programmer's Guide
</TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV ID="pro-guide">
The Programmer's Guide
</TITLEABBREV>
<Editor>
<FIRSTNAME>Thomas</FIRSTNAME>
<SURNAME>Lockhart</SURNAME>
</Editor>
<PUBDATE>1998-03-01</PUBDATE>
<PUBDATE>1998-10-01</PUBDATE>
<PUBLISHER>
<PUBLISHERNAME>The PostgreSQL Global Development Group</PUBLISHERNAME>
</PUBLISHER>
@ -184,19 +217,24 @@ Selected references and readings for <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> and <ProductName>Pos
-->
</BIBLIOENTRY>
<BIBLIOENTRY ID="TUTORIAL-GUIDE">
<BIBLIOENTRY>
<!--
<BIBLIOMISC>&dash;</BIBLIOMISC>
<BOOKBIBLIO ID="TUTORIAL">
-->
<TITLE>The <ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName> Tutorial Introduction</TITLE>
<TITLE ID="tutorial-guide-full">
The <ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName> Tutorial Introduction
</TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV ID="tutorial-guide">
The Tutorial
</TITLEABBREV>
<Editor>
<FIRSTNAME>Thomas</FIRSTNAME>
<SURNAME>Lockhart</SURNAME>
</Editor>
<PUBDATE>1998-03-01</PUBDATE>
<PUBDATE>1998-10-01</PUBDATE>
<PUBLISHER>
<PUBLISHERNAME>The PostgreSQL Global Development Group</PUBLISHERNAME>
</PUBLISHER>
@ -205,19 +243,24 @@ Selected references and readings for <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> and <ProductName>Pos
-->
</BIBLIOENTRY>
<BIBLIOENTRY ID="POSTGRES-USERS">
<BIBLIOENTRY>
<!--
<BIBLIOMISC>&dash;</BIBLIOMISC>
<BOOKBIBLIO ID="USERS-GUIDE">
-->
<TITLE>The <ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName> User's Guide</TITLE>
<TITLE ID="users-guide-full">
The <ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName> User's Guide
</TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV ID="users-guide">
The User's Guide
</TITLEABBREV>
<Editor>
<FIRSTNAME>Thomas</FIRSTNAME>
<SURNAME>Lockhart</SURNAME>
</Editor>
<PUBDATE>1998-03-01</PUBDATE>
<PUBDATE>1998-10-01</PUBDATE>
<PUBLISHER>
<PUBLISHERNAME>The PostgreSQL Global Development Group</PUBLISHERNAME>
</PUBLISHER>
@ -226,14 +269,18 @@ Selected references and readings for <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> and <ProductName>Pos
-->
</BIBLIOENTRY>
<BIBLIOENTRY ID="YU95">
<BIBLIOENTRY>
<!--
<BIBLIOMISC>&dash;</BIBLIOMISC>
<BOOKBIBLIO ID="YU95">
-->
<TITLE>The <ProductName>Postgres95</ProductName> User Manual</TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV>YU95</TITLEABBREV>
<TITLE ID="YU95-full">
The <ProductName>Postgres95</ProductName> User Manual
</TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV ID="YU95">
Yu and Chen, 1995
</TITLEABBREV>
<AUTHORGROUP>
<AUTHOR>
<FIRSTNAME>A.</FIRSTNAME>
@ -266,14 +313,18 @@ The POSTGRES Group
<TITLE>Proceedings and Articles</TITLE>
<PARA>This section is for articles and newsletters.</PARA>
<BIBLIOENTRY ID="ONG90">
<BIBLIOENTRY>
<!--
<BIBLIOMISC>&dash;</BIBLIOMISC>
<BOOKBIBLIO ID="ONG90">
-->
<TITLE>A Unified Framework for Version Modeling Using Production Rules in a Database System</TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV>ONG90</TITLEABBREV>
<TITLE ID="ONG90-full">
A Unified Framework for Version Modeling Using Production Rules in a Database System
</TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV ID="ONG90">
Ong and Goh, 1990
</TITLEABBREV>
<AUTHORGROUP>
<AUTHOR>
<FIRSTNAME>L.</FIRSTNAME>
@ -294,14 +345,18 @@ The POSTGRES Group
-->
</BIBLIOENTRY>
<BIBLIOENTRY ID="ROWE87">
<BIBLIOENTRY>
<!--
<BIBLIOMISC>&dash;</BIBLIOMISC>
<BOOKBIBLIO ID="ROWE87">
-->
<TITLE>The <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> Data Model</TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV>ROWE87</TITLEABBREV>
<TITLE ID="ROWE87-full">
The <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> Data Model
</TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV ID="ROWE87">
Rowe and Stonebraker, 1987
</TITLEABBREV>
<AUTHORGROUP>
<AUTHOR>
<FIRSTNAME>L.</FIRSTNAME>
@ -322,14 +377,19 @@ The POSTGRES Group
-->
</BIBLIOENTRY>
<BIBLIOENTRY ID="STON86">
<BIBLIOENTRY>
<!--
<BIBLIOMISC>&dash;</BIBLIOMISC>
<BOOKBIBLIO ID="STON86">
-->
<TITLE>The Design of <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName></TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV>STON86</TITLEABBREV>
<TITLE ID="STON86-full">
The Design of <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
</TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV ID="STON86">
Stonebraker and Rowe, 1986
STON86
</TITLEABBREV>
<AUTHORGROUP>
<AUTHOR>
<FIRSTNAME>M.</FIRSTNAME>
@ -351,14 +411,17 @@ The POSTGRES Group
-->
</BIBLIOENTRY>
<BIBLIOENTRY ID="STON87a">
<BIBLIOENTRY>
<!--
<BIBLIOMISC>&dash;</BIBLIOMISC>
<BOOKBIBLIO ID="STON87a">
-->
<TITLE>The Design of the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> Rules System</TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV>STON87a</TITLEABBREV>
<TITLE ID="STON87a-full">
The Design of the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> Rules System</TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV ID="STON87a">
Stonebraker, Hanson, Hong, 1987
</TITLEABBREV>
<AUTHORGROUP>
<AUTHOR>
<FIRSTNAME>M.</FIRSTNAME>
@ -384,14 +447,18 @@ The POSTGRES Group
-->
</BIBLIOENTRY>
<BIBLIOENTRY ID="STON87b">
<BIBLIOENTRY>
<!--
<BIBLIOMISC>&dash;</BIBLIOMISC>
<BOOKBIBLIO ID="STON87b">
-->
<TITLE>The <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> Storage System</TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV>STON87b</TITLEABBREV>
<TITLE ID="STON87b-full">
The <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> Storage System
</TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV ID="STON87b">
Stonebraker, 1987
</TITLEABBREV>
<AUTHORGROUP>
<AUTHOR>
<FIRSTNAME>M.</FIRSTNAME>
@ -408,14 +475,17 @@ The POSTGRES Group
-->
</BIBLIOENTRY>
<BIBLIOENTRY ID="STON89">
<BIBLIOENTRY>
<!--
<BIBLIOMISC>&dash;</BIBLIOMISC>
<BOOKBIBLIO ID="STON89">
-->
<TITLE>A Commentary on the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> Rules System</TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV>STON89</TITLEABBREV>
<TITLE ID="STON89-full">
A Commentary on the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> Rules System
</TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV ID="STON89">
Stonebraker et al, 1989</TITLEABBREV>
<AUTHORGROUP>
<AUTHOR>
<FIRSTNAME>M.</FIRSTNAME>
@ -434,21 +504,25 @@ The POSTGRES Group
<CONFDATES>Sept. 1989</CONFDATES>
<CONFTITLE>Record 18(3)</CONFTITLE>
<CONFSPONSOR>SIGMOD</CONFSPONSOR>
<CONFNUM>1987</CONFNUM>
<CONFNUM>1989</CONFNUM>
</CONFGROUP>
<!--
</BOOKBIBLIO>
-->
</BIBLIOENTRY>
<BIBLIOENTRY ID="STON90a">
<BIBLIOENTRY>
<!--
<BIBLIOMISC>&dash;</BIBLIOMISC>
<BOOKBIBLIO ID="STON90a">
-->
<TITLE>The Implementation of <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName></TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV>STON90a</TITLEABBREV>
<TITLE ID="STON90a-full">
The Implementation of <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
</TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV ID="STON90a">
Stonebraker, Rowe, Hirohama, 1990
</TITLEABBREV>
<AUTHORGROUP>
<AUTHOR>
<FIRSTNAME>M.</FIRSTNAME>
@ -473,21 +547,25 @@ The POSTGRES Group
-->
</BIBLIOENTRY>
<BIBLIOENTRY ID="STON90b">
<BIBLIOENTRY>
<!--
<BIBLIOMISC>&dash;</BIBLIOMISC>
<BOOKBIBLIO ID="STON90b">
-->
<TITLE>On Rules, Procedures, Caching and Views in Database Systems</TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV>STON90b</TITLEABBREV>
<TITLE ID="STON90b-full">
On Rules, Procedures, Caching and Views in Database Systems
</TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV ID="STON90b">
Stonebraker et al, ACM, 1990
</TITLEABBREV>
<AUTHORGROUP>
<AUTHOR>
<FIRSTNAME>M.</FIRSTNAME>
<SURNAME>Stonebraker</SURNAME>
</AUTHOR>
<AUTHOR>
<SURNAME>et. al.</SURNAME>
<SURNAME>et al</SURNAME>
</AUTHOR>
</AUTHORGROUP>
<CONFGROUP>

270
doc/src/sgml/config.sgml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
<chapter id="config">
<title>Configuration Options</title>
<Sect1>
<Title>Locale Support</Title>
<Para>
<Note>
<Para>
Written by Oleg Bartunov.
See <ULink url="http://www.sai.msu.su/~megera/postgres/">Oleg's web page</ULink>
for additional information on locale and Russian language support.
</Para>
</Note>
While doing a project for a company in Moscow, Russia,
I encountered the problem that postgresql had no
support of national alphabets. After looking for possible workarounds
I decided to develop support of locale myself.
I'm not a C-programer but already had some experience with locale programming
when I work with perl
(debugging) and glimpse. After several days of digging through
the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> source tree I made very minor corections to
src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c and src/backend/main/main.c and got what I needed!
I did support only for
LC_CTYPE and LC_COLLATE, but later LC_MONETARY was added by others. I got many
messages from people about this patch so I decided to send it to developers
and (to my surprise) it was
incorporated into postgresql distribution.
<Para>
People often complain that locale doesn't work for them.
There are several common mistakes:
<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Didn't properly configure postgresql before compilation.
You must run configure with --enable-locale option to enable locale support.
Didn't setup environment correctly when starting postmaster.
You must define environment variables $LC_CTYPE and $LC_COLLATE
before running postmaster
because backend gets information about locale from environment.
I use following shell script
(runpostgres):
<ProgramListing>
#!/bin/sh
export LC_CTYPE=koi8-r
export LC_COLLATE=koi8-r
postmaster -B 1024 -S -D/usr/local/pgsql/data/ -o '-Fe'
</ProgramListing>
and run it from rc.local as
<ProgramListing>
/bin/su - postgres -c "/home/postgres/runpostgres"
</ProgramListing>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Broken locale support in OS (for example, locale support in libc
under Linux several times has changed
and this caused a lot of problems). Latest perl has also support of
locale and if locale is broken <command>perl -v</command> will
complain something like:
<programlisting>
8:17[mira]:~/WWW/postgres>setenv LC_CTYPE not_exist
8:18[mira]:~/WWW/postgres>perl -v
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LC_ALL = (unset),
LC_CTYPE = "not_exist",
LANG = (unset)
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
</programlisting>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Wrong location of locale files!
Possible locations include:
<filename>/usr/lib/locale</filename>
(Linux, Solaris), <filename>/usr/share/locale</filename> (Linux),
<filename>/usr/lib/nls/loc</filename> (DUX 4.0).
Check <command>man locale</command> to find the correct location.
Under Linux I did a symbolic link between <filename>/usr/lib/locale</filename> and
<filename>/usr/share/locale</filename> to be sure that
the next libc will not break my locale.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</ItemizedList>
<Sect2>
<Title>What are the Benefits?</Title>
<Para>
You can use ~* and order by operators for strings contain characters
from national alphabets. Non-english users
definitely need that. If you won't use locale stuff just undefine
the USE_LOCALE variable.
<Sect2>
<Title>What are the Drawbacks?</Title>
<Para>
There is one evident drawback of using locale - it's speed!
So, use locale only if you really need it.
<Sect1>
<Title>Kerberos Authentication</Title>
<Para>
<productname>Kerberos</productname> is an industry-standard secure authentication
system suitable for distributed computing over a public network.
<sect2>
<title>Availability</title>
<para>
The
<productname>Kerberos</productname>
authentication system is not distributed with <Productname>Postgres</Productname>. Versions of
<productname>Kerberos</productname>
are typically available as optional software from operating system
vendors. In addition, a source code distribution may be obtained through
<ulink url="ftp://athena-dist.mit.edu">MIT Project Athena</ulink>.
<note>
<para>
You may wish to obtain the MIT version even if your
vendor provides a version, since some vendor ports have been
deliberately crippled or rendered non-interoperable with the MIT
version.
</note>
Users located outside the United States of America and
Canada are warned that distribution of the actual encryption code in
<productname>Kerberos</productname>
is restricted by U. S. Government export regulations.
<para>
Inquiries regarding your <productname>Kerberos</productname>
should be directed to your vendor or
<ulink url="info-kerberos@athena.mit.edu">MIT Project Athena</ulink>.
Note that <acronym>FAQL</acronym>s
(Frequently-Asked Questions Lists) are periodically posted to the
<ulink url="mailto:kerberos@ATHENA.MIT.EDU"><productname>Kerberos</productname> mailing list</ulink>
(send
<ulink url="mailto:kerberos-request@ATHENA.MIT.EDU">mail to subscribe</ulink>),
and
<ulink url="news:comp.protocols.kerberos">USENET news group</ulink>.
<sect2>
<title>Installation</title>
<para>
Installation of
<productname>Kerberos</productname>
itself is covered in detail in the
<citetitle>Kerberos Installation Notes</citetitle> .
Make sure that the server key file (the <filename>srvtab</filename>
or <filename>keytab</filename>)
is somehow readable by the <productname>Postgres</productname> account.
<para>
<Productname>Postgres</Productname> and its clients can be compiled to use
either Version 4 or Version 5 of the MIT
<productname>Kerberos</productname>
protocols by setting the
<envar>KRBVERS</envar>
variable in the file <filename>src/Makefile.global</filename> to the
appropriate value. You can also change the location where
<Productname>Postgres</Productname>
expects to find the associated libraries, header files and its own
server key file.
<para>
After compilation is complete, <Productname>Postgres</Productname>
must be registered as a <productname>Kerberos</productname>
service. See the
<citetitle>Kerberos Operations Notes</citetitle>
and related manual pages for more details on registering services.
<sect2>
<title>Operation</title>
<para>
After initial installation, <Productname>Postgres</Productname>
should operate in all ways as a normal
<productname>Kerberos</productname>
service. For details on the use of authentication, see the
<citetitle>PostgreSQL User's Guide</citetitle> reference sections
for <application>postmaster</application>
and <application>psql</application>.
<para>
In the
<productname>Kerberos</productname>
Version 5 hooks, the following assumptions are made about user
and service naming:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
User principal names (anames) are assumed to
contain the actual Unix/<Productname>Postgres</Productname> user name
in the first component.
<listitem>
<para>
The <Productname>Postgres</Productname> service is assumed to be have two components,
the service name and a hostname, canonicalized as in Version 4 (i.e., with all domain
suffixes removed).
</itemizedlist>
<para>
<table tocentry="1">
<title>Kerberos Parameter Examples</title>
<titleabbrev>Kerberos</titleabbrev>
<tgroup cols="2">
<thead>
<row>
<entry>
Parameter
</entry>
<entry>
Example
</entry>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>
user
</entry>
<entry>
frew@S2K.ORG
</entry>
<row>
<entry>
user
</entry>
<entry>
aoki/HOST=miyu.S2K.Berkeley.EDU@S2K.ORG
</entry>
<row>
<entry>
host
</entry>
<entry>
postgres_dbms/ucbvax@S2K.ORG
</entry>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para>
Support for Version 4 will disappear sometime after the production
release of Version 5 by MIT.

12
doc/src/sgml/ecpg.sgml
View File

@ -476,21 +476,33 @@ The following statements are not implemented thus far:
<VariableList>
<VarListEntry>
<Term> exec sql type</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term> exec sql prepare</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term> exec sql allocate</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term> exec sql free</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term> exec sql whenever sqlwarning</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term> SQLSTATE</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
</VarListEntry>
</VariableList>
</Para>

217
doc/src/sgml/history.sgml Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
<Sect1>
<Title>A Short History of <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName></Title>
<Sect2>
<Title>The Berkeley <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> Project</Title>
<Para>
Implementation of the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
<Acronym>DBMS</Acronym> began in 1986. The
initial concepts for the system were presented in
<XRef LinkEnd="STON86" endterm="STON86-full">
and the definition of the initial data model
appeared in
<XRef LinkEnd="ROWE87" endterm="ROWE87-full">.
The design of the rule system at
that time was described in
<XRef LinkEnd="STON87a" endterm="STON87a-full">.
The rationale
and architecture of the storage manager were detailed in
<XRef LinkEnd="STON87b" endterm="STON87b-full">.
</Para>
<Para>
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> has undergone several major releases since
then. The first "demoware" system became operational
in 1987 and was shown at the 1988 <Acronym>ACM-SIGMOD</Acronym>
Conference. We released Version 1, described in
<XRef LinkEnd="STON90a" endterm="STON90a-full">,
to a few external users in June 1989. In response to a
critique of the first rule system
(<XRef LinkEnd="STON89" endterm="STON89-full">),
the rule
system was redesigned
(<XRef LinkEnd="STON90b" endterm="STON90b-full">)
and Version 2 was
released in June 1990 with the new rule system.
Version 3 appeared in 1991 and added support for multiple
storage managers, an improved query executor, and a
rewritten rewrite rule system. For the most part,
releases since then have focused on portability and
reliability.
</Para>
<Para>
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> has been used to implement many different
research and production applications. These include: a
financial data analysis system, a jet engine
performance monitoring package, an asteroid tracking
database, a medical information database, and several
geographic information systems.
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> has also been
used as an educational tool at several universities.
Finally,
<Ulink url="http://www.illustra.com/">Illustra Information Technologies</Ulink>
(since merged into
<Ulink url="http://www.informix.com/">Informix</Ulink>)
picked up
the code and commercialized it.
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> became the primary data manager
for the
<Ulink url="http://www.sdsc.edu/0/Parts_Collabs/S2K/s2k_home.html">Sequoia 2000</Ulink>
scientific computing project in late 1992.
Furthermore, the size of the external user community
nearly doubled during 1993. It became increasingly
obvious that maintenance of the prototype code and
support was taking up large amounts of time that should
have been devoted to database research. In an effort
to reduce this support burden, the project officially
ended with Version 4.2.
</Para>
</Sect2>
<Sect2>
<Title><ProductName>Postgres95</ProductName></Title>
<Para>
In 1994,
<ULink url="mailto:ayu@informix.com">Andrew Yu</ULink>
and
<ULink url="http://http.cs.berkeley.edu/~jolly/">Jolly Chen</ULink>
added a SQL language interpreter to <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>,
and the code was subsequently released to
the Web to find its own way in the world.
<ProductName>Postgres95</ProductName> was a public-domain, open source descendant
of this original Berkeley code.
</Para>
<Para>
<ProductName>Postgres95</ProductName> is a derivative of the last official release
of <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> (version 4.2). The code is now completely
ANSI C and the code size has been trimmed by 25%. There
are a lot of internal changes that improve performance
and code maintainability.
<ProductName>Postgres95</ProductName> v1.0.x runs about 30-50%
faster on the Wisconsin Benchmark compared to v4.2.
Apart from bug fixes, these are the major enhancements:
<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>
<Para>
The query language <ProductName>Postquel</ProductName> has been replaced with
<Acronym>SQL</Acronym> (implemented in the server). We do not yet support
subqueries (which can be imitated with user defined
<Acronym>SQL</Acronym> functions). Aggregates have been
re-implemented. We also added support for ``GROUP BY''.
The <FileName>libpq</FileName> interface is still available for <Acronym>C</Acronym>
programs.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
In addition to the monitor program, we provide a new
program (<Application>psql</Application>) which supports <Acronym>GNU</Acronym> <FileName>readline</FileName>.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
We added a new front-end library, <FileName>libpgtcl</FileName>, that
supports <Acronym>Tcl</Acronym>-based clients. A sample shell,
pgtclsh, provides new Tcl commands to interface <Application>tcl</Application>
programs with the <ProductName>Postgres95</ProductName> backend.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
The large object interface has been overhauled. We
kept Inversion large objects as the only mechanism
for storing large objects. (This is not to be
confused with the Inversion file system which has been
removed.)
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
The instance-level rule system has been removed.
Rules are still available as rewrite rules.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
A short tutorial introducing regular <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> features as
well as those of ours is distributed with the source
code.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Acronym>GNU</Acronym> make (instead of <Acronym>BSD</Acronym> make) is used for the
build. Also, <ProductName>Postgres95</ProductName> can be compiled with an
unpatched <ProductName>gcc</ProductName> (data alignment of doubles has been
fixed).
</Para>
</ListItem>
</ItemizedList>
</Para>
</Sect2>
<Sect2>
<Title><ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName></Title>
<Para>
By 1996, it became clear that the name <Quote>Postgres95</Quote> would not stand
the test of time. A new name, <ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName>,
was chosen to reflect the
relationship between original <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
and the more recent
versions with <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> capability.
At the same time, the version numbering
was reset to start at 6.0,
putting the numbers back into the sequence originally begun by
the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> Project.
<Para>
The emphasis on development for the v1.0.x releases of
<ProductName>Postgres95</ProductName>
was on stabilizing the backend code.
With the v6.x series of <ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName>,
the emphasis has shifted from
identifying and understanding existing problems in the backend
to augmenting features and capabilities, although
work continues in all areas.
<Para>
Major enhancements include:
<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Important backend features, including subselects, defaults,
constraints, and triggers, have been implemented.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Additional <Acronym>SQL92</Acronym>-compliant language features have been added,
including primary keys, quoted identifiers, literal string type coersion,
type casting, and binary and hexadecimal integer input.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Built-in types have been improved, including new wide-range date/time types
and additional geometric type support.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Overall backend code speed has been increased by approximately 20-40%,
and backend startup time has decreased 80% since v6.0 was released.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</ItemizedList>
</Para>
</Sect2>
</sect1>

146
doc/src/sgml/info.sgml Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
<Sect1>
<Title>Resources</Title>
<Para>
This manual set is organized into several parts:
<VariableList>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>Tutorial</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
An introduction for new users. Does not cover advanced features.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>User's Guide</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
General information for users, including available commands and data types.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>Programmer's Guide</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Advanced information for application programmers. Topics include
type and function extensibility, library interfaces, and application design issues.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>Administrator's Guide</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Installation and management information. List of supported machines.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>Developer's Guide</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Information for <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> developers. This is intended
for those who are contributing to the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
project; application development information should appear in the Programmer's Guide.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>Reference Manual</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Detailed reference information on command syntax.
At the moment, this manual is very sparse, but eventually should contain
information similar to that in the man pages.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
</VariableList>
<Para>
In addition to this manual set, there are other resources to help you with
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> installation and use:
<VariableList>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>man pages</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
The man pages have general information on command syntax.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>FAQs</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
The Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) documents address both general issues
and some platform-specific issues.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>READMEs</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
README files are available for some contributed packages.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>Web Site</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
The <ULink url="postgresql.org"><ProductName>Postgres</ProductName></ULink> web site has some information
not appearing in the distribution. There is a <ProductName>mhonarc</ProductName> catalog of mailing list traffic
which is a rich resource for many topics.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>Mailing Lists</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
The <ULink url="mailto:questions@postgresql.org"><ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> Questions</ULink>
mailing list is a good place to have user questions answered. Other mailing lists are available; consult
the web page for details.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>Yourself!</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> is an open source product.
As such, it depends on the user community for
ongoing support. As you begin to use <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>,
you will rely on others
for help, either through the documentation or through the mailing lists.
Consider contributing your
knowledge back. If you learn something which is not in the documentation,
write it up and contribute it.
If you add features to the code, contribute it.
Even those without a lot of experience can provide
corrections and minor changes in the documentation, and that is a good way to start.
The
<ULink url="mailto:docs@postgresql.org"><ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> Documentation</ULink>
mailing list is the place to get going.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
</VariableList>
</Sect1>

24
doc/src/sgml/intro-ag.sgml Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
<Chapter Id="intro-ag">
<TITLE>Introduction</TITLE>
<Para>
This document is the Administrator's Manual for the
<Ulink url="http://postgresql.org/"><ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName></Ulink>
database management system, originally developed at the University
of California at Berkeley.
<ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName> is based on
<Ulink url="http://s2k-ftp.CS.Berkeley.EDU:8000/postgres/postgres.html">
<ProductName>Postgres release 4.2</ProductName></Ulink>.
The <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> project,
led by Professor Michael Stonebraker, was sponsored by the
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (<Acronym>DARPA</Acronym>), the
Army Research Office (<Acronym>ARO</Acronym>), the National Science
Foundation (<Acronym>NSF</Acronym>), and ESL, Inc.
</Para>
&notation;
&legal;
</Chapter>

56
doc/src/sgml/intro-pg.sgml
View File

@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
This document is the programmer's manual for the
<Ulink url="http://postgresql.org/"><ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName></Ulink>
database management system, originally developed at the University
of California at Berkeley. <ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName> is based on
of California at Berkeley.
<ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName> is based on
<Ulink url="http://s2k-ftp.CS.Berkeley.EDU:8000/postgres/postgres.html">
<ProductName>Postgres release 4.2</ProductName></Ulink>.
The <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> project,
@ -17,14 +19,17 @@ The <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> project,
<Para>
The first part of this manual
explains the
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> approach to extensibility and describe how
users can extend <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> by adding user-defined types,
operators, aggregates, and both query language and programming language functions.
explains the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
approach to extensibility and describe how
users can extend <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
by adding user-defined types,
operators, aggregates, and both query language and programming
language functions.
After an extremely brief
overview of the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> rule system, we discuss
the trigger and SPI interfaces.
The manual concludes with a detailed description of the programming interfaces and
The manual concludes with a detailed description of
the programming interfaces and
support libraries for various languages.
</Para>
@ -32,43 +37,8 @@ The <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> project,
We assume proficiency with UNIX and C programming.
</Para>
<Sect1>
<Title>Copyrights and Trademarks</Title>
&notation;
<Para>
<ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName> is copyright (C) 1996-8 by the PostgreSQL Global Development Group,
and is distributed under the terms of the Berkeley license.
<Para>
<ProductName>Postgres95</ProductName> is copyright (C) 1994-5 by the Regents of the University of California.
Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation
for any purpose, without fee, and without a written agreement is hereby granted,
provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph and the following two
paragraphs appear in all copies.
</Para>
<Para>
In no event shall the University of California be liable to
any party for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential
damages, including lost profits, arising out of the use of this
software and its documentation, even if the University of California
has been advised of the possibility of such damage.
</Para>
<Para>
The University of California specifically disclaims any
warranties, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties
of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.
The software provided hereunder is on an "as-is" basis, and
the University of California has no obligations to provide
maintainance, support, updates, enhancements, or modifications.
</Para>
<Para>
<Acronym>UNIX</Acronym> is a trademark of X/Open, Ltd. Sun4, SPARC, SunOS
and Solaris are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. DEC,
DECstation, Alpha AXP and ULTRIX are trademarks of Digital
Equipment Corp. PA-RISC and HP-UX are trademarks of
Hewlett-Packard Co. OSF/1 is a trademark of the Open
Software Foundation.
</Para>
&legal;
</Chapter>

419
doc/src/sgml/intro.sgml
View File

@ -5,11 +5,13 @@
This document is the user manual for the
<Ulink url="http://postgresql.org/"><ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName></Ulink>
database management system, originally developed at the University
of California at Berkeley. <ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName> is based on
of California at Berkeley.
<ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName> is based on
<Ulink url="http://s2k-ftp.CS.Berkeley.EDU:8000/postgres/postgres.html">
<ProductName>Postgres release 4.2</ProductName></Ulink>.
The <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> project,
led by Professor Michael Stonebraker, has been sponsored by the
led by Professor Michael Stonebraker, was sponsored by the
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (<Acronym>DARPA</Acronym>), the
Army Research Office (<Acronym>ARO</Acronym>), the National Science
Foundation (<Acronym>NSF</Acronym>), and ESL, Inc.
@ -65,418 +67,13 @@ it is firmly in the relational database world. In fact, some commercial database
have recently incorporated features pioneered by <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>.
</Sect1>
<Sect1>
<Title>A Short History of <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName></Title>
<Sect2>
<Title>The Berkeley <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> Project</Title>
&history;
<Para>
Implementation of the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> <Acronym>DBMS</Acronym> began in 1986. The
initial concepts for the system were presented in
<!--
<XRef LinkEnd="STON86">
-->
<Citation>[STON86]</Citation>
and the definition of the initial data model
appeared in
<!--
<XRef LinkEnd="ROWE87">.
-->
<Citation>[ROWE87]</Citation>.
The design of the rule system at
that time was described in
<!--
<XRef LinkEnd="STON87a">.
-->
<Citation>[STON87a]</Citation>.
The rationale
and architecture of the storage manager were detailed in
<!--
<XRef LinkEnd="STON87b">.
-->
<Citation>[STON87b]</Citation>.
</Para>
&about;
<Para>
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> has undergone several major releases since
then. The first "demoware" system became operational
in 1987 and was shown at the 1988 <Acronym>ACM-SIGMOD</Acronym>
Conference. We released Version 1, described in
<!--
<XRef LinkEnd="STON90a">,
-->
<Citation>[STON90a]</Citation>,
to a few external users in June 1989. In response to a
critique of the first rule system
<!--
(<XRef LinkEnd="STON89">),
-->
(<Citation>[STON89]</Citation>),
the rule
system was redesigned
<!--
(<XRef LinkEnd="STON90b">)
-->
(<Citation>[STON90b]</Citation>)
and Version 2 was
released in June 1990 with the new rule system.
Version 3 appeared in 1991 and added support for multiple
storage managers, an improved query executor, and a
rewritten rewrite rule system. For the most part,
releases since then have focused on portability and
reliability.
</Para>
&info;
<Para>
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> has been used to implement many different
research and production applications. These include: a
financial data analysis system, a jet engine
performance monitoring package, an asteroid tracking
database, a medical information database, and several
geographic information systems. <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> has also been
used as an educational tool at several universities.
Finally, <Ulink url="http://www.illustra.com/">Illustra Information Technologies</Ulink> picked up
the code and commercialized it.
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> became the primary data manager for the
<Ulink url="http://www.sdsc.edu/0/Parts_Collabs/S2K/s2k_home.html">Sequoia 2000</Ulink>
scientific computing project in late 1992.
Furthermore, the size of the external user community
nearly doubled during 1993. It became increasingly
obvious that maintenance of the prototype code and
support was taking up large amounts of time that should
have been devoted to database research. In an effort
to reduce this support burden, the project officially
ended with Version 4.2.
</Para>
</Sect2>
<Sect2>
<Title><ProductName>Postgres95</ProductName></Title>
<Para>
In 1994,
<ULink url="mailto:ayu@informix.com">Andrew Yu</ULink>
and
<ULink url="http://http.cs.berkeley.edu/~jolly/">Jolly Chen</ULink>
added a SQL language interpreter to <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>, and the code was subsequently released to
the Web to find its own way in the world. <ProductName>Postgres95</ProductName> was a public-domain, open source descendant
of this original Berkeley code.
</Para>
<Para>
<ProductName>Postgres95</ProductName> is a derivative of the last official release
of <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> (version 4.2). The code is now completely
ANSI C and the code size has been trimmed by 25%. There
are a lot of internal changes that improve performance
and code maintainability. <ProductName>Postgres95</ProductName> v1.0.x runs about 30-50%
faster on the Wisconsin Benchmark compared to v4.2.
Apart from bug fixes, these are the major enhancements:
<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>
<Para>
The query language <ProductName>Postquel</ProductName> has been replaced with
<Acronym>SQL</Acronym> (implemented in the server). We do not yet support
subqueries (which can be imitated with user defined
<Acronym>SQL</Acronym> functions). Aggregates have been
re-implemented. We also added support for ``GROUP BY''.
The <FileName>libpq</FileName> interface is still available for <Acronym>C</Acronym>
programs.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
In addition to the monitor program, we provide a new
program (<Application>psql</Application>) which supports <Acronym>GNU</Acronym> <FileName>readline</FileName>.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
We added a new front-end library, <FileName>libpgtcl</FileName>, that
supports <Acronym>Tcl</Acronym>-based clients. A sample shell,
pgtclsh, provides new Tcl commands to interface <Application>tcl</Application>
programs with the <ProductName>Postgres95</ProductName> backend.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
The large object interface has been overhauled. We
kept Inversion large objects as the only mechanism
for storing large objects. (This is not to be
confused with the Inversion file system which has been
removed.)
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
The instance-level rule system has been removed.
Rules are still available as rewrite rules.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
A short tutorial introducing regular <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> features as
well as those of ours is distributed with the source
code.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Acronym>GNU</Acronym> make (instead of <Acronym>BSD</Acronym> make) is used for the
build. Also, <ProductName>Postgres95</ProductName> can be compiled with an
unpatched <ProductName>gcc</ProductName> (data alignment of doubles has been
fixed).
</Para>
</ListItem>
</ItemizedList>
</Para>
</Sect2>
<Sect2>
<Title><ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName></Title>
<Para>
By 1996, it became clear that the name <Quote>Postgres95</Quote> would not stand
the test of time. A new name, <ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName>, was chosen to reflect the
relationship between original <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> and the more recent
versions with <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> capability. At the same time, the version numbering
was reset to start at 6.0, putting the numbers back into the sequence originally begun by
the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> Project.
<Para>
The emphasis on development for the v1.0.x releases of <ProductName>Postgres95</ProductName>
was on stabilizing the backend code.
With the v6.x series of <ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName>, the emphasis has shifted from
identifying and understanding existing problems in the backend to augmenting features and capabilities, although
work continues in all areas.
<Para>
Major enhancements include:
<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Important backend features, including subselects, defaults, constraints, and triggers, have been implemented.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Additional <Acronym>SQL92</Acronym>-compliant language features have been added,
including primary keys, quoted identifiers, literal string type coersion, type casting,
and binary and hexadecimal integer input.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Built-in types have been improved, including new wide-range date/time types and additional geometric type support.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Overall backend code speed has been increased by approximately 20%, and backend startup time has decreased 80%.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</ItemizedList>
</Para>
</Sect2>
<Sect1>
<Title>About This Release</Title>
<Para>
From now on, We will use <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> to mean <ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName>.
<Para>
<ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName> is available without cost. This manual
describes version 6.3 of <ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName>.
<Para>
Check the Administrator's Guide for a list of currently supported machines. In general,
<ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName> is portable to any Unix/Posix-compatible system
with full libc library support.
</Sect1>
<Sect1>
<Title>Resources</Title>
<Para>
This manual set is organized into several parts:
<VariableList>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>Tutorial</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
An introduction for new users. Does not cover advanced features.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>User's Guide</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
General information for users, including available commands and data types.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>Programmer's Guide</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Advanced information for application programmers. Topics include
type and function extensibility, library interfaces, and application design issues.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>Administrator's Guide</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Installation and management information. List of supported machines.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>Developer's Guide</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Information for <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> developers. This is intended
for those who are contributing to the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
project; application development information should appear in the Programmer's Guide.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>Reference Manual</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Detailed reference information on command syntax.
At the moment, this manual is very sparse, but eventually should contain
information similar to that in the man pages.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
</VariableList>
<Para>
In addition to this manual set, there are other resources to help you with
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> installation and use:
<VariableList>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>man pages</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
The man pages have general information on command syntax.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>FAQs</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
The Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) documents address both general issues
and some platform-specific issues.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>READMEs</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
README files are available for some contributed packages.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>Web Site</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
The <ULink url="postgresql.org"><ProductName>Postgres</ProductName></ULink> web site has some information
not appearing in the distribution. There is a <ProductName>mhonarc</ProductName> catalog of mailing list traffic
which is a rich resource for many topics.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>Mailing Lists</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
The <ULink url="mailto:questions@postgresql.org"><ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> Questions</ULink>
mailing list is a good place to have user questions answered. Other mailing lists are available; consult
the web page for details.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>Yourself!</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> is an open source product. As such, it depends on the user community for
ongoing support. As you begin to use <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>, you will rely on others
for help, either through the documentation or through the mailing lists. Consider contributing your
knowledge back. If you learn something which is not in the documentation, write it up and contribute it.
If you add features to the code, contribute it. Even those without a lot of experience can provide
corrections and minor changes in the documentation, and that is a good way to start.
The <ULink url="mailto:docs@postgresql.org"><ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> Documentation</ULink>
mailing list is the place to get going.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
</VariableList>
</Sect1>
<Sect1>
<Title>Copyrights and Trademarks</Title>
<Para>
<ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName> is copyright (C) 1996-8 by the PostgreSQL Global Development Group,
and is distributed under the terms of the Berkeley license.
<Para>
<ProductName>Postgres95</ProductName> is copyright (C) 1994-5 by the Regents of the University of California.
Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation
for any purpose, without fee, and without a written agreement is hereby granted,
provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph and the following two
paragraphs appear in all copies.
</Para>
<Para>
In no event shall the University of California be liable to
any party for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential
damages, including lost profits, arising out of the use of this
software and its documentation, even if the University of California
has been advised of the possibility of such damage.
</Para>
<Para>
The University of California specifically disclaims any
warranties, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties
of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.
The software provided hereunder is on an "as-is" basis, and
the University of California has no obligations to provide
maintainance, support, updates, enhancements, or modifications.
</Para>
<Para>
<Acronym>UNIX</Acronym> is a trademark of X/Open, Ltd. Sun4, SPARC, SunOS
and Solaris are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. DEC,
DECstation, Alpha AXP and ULTRIX are trademarks of Digital
Equipment Corp. PA-RISC and HP-UX are trademarks of
Hewlett-Packard Co. OSF/1 is a trademark of the Open
Software Foundation.
</Para>
&legal;
</Chapter>

40
doc/src/sgml/legal.sgml Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
<Sect1>
<Title>Copyrights and Trademarks</Title>
<Para>
<ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName> is copyright (C) 1996-8
by the PostgreSQL Global Development Group,
and is distributed under the terms of the Berkeley license.
<Para>
<ProductName>Postgres95</ProductName> is copyright (C) 1994-5
by the Regents of the University of California.
Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation
for any purpose, without fee, and without a written agreement is hereby granted,
provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph and the following two
paragraphs appear in all copies.
</Para>
<Para>
In no event shall the University of California be liable to
any party for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential
damages, including lost profits, arising out of the use of this
software and its documentation, even if the University of California
has been advised of the possibility of such damage.
</Para>
<Para>
The University of California specifically disclaims any
warranties, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties
of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.
The software provided hereunder is on an "as-is" basis, and
the University of California has no obligations to provide
maintainance, support, updates, enhancements, or modifications.
</Para>
<Para>
<Acronym>UNIX</Acronym> is a trademark of X/Open, Ltd. Sun4, SPARC, SunOS
and Solaris are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. DEC,
DECstation, Alpha AXP and ULTRIX are trademarks of Digital
Equipment Corp. PA-RISC and HP-UX are trademarks of
Hewlett-Packard Co. OSF/1 is a trademark of the Open
Software Foundation.
</Para>

73
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@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
<sect1>
<title>Terminology</title>
<para>
In the following documentation,
<firstterm>site</firstterm>
may be interpreted as the host machine on which
<Productname>Postgres</Productname> is installed.
Since it is possible to install more than one set of
<Productname>Postgres</Productname>
databases on a single host, this term more precisely denotes any
particular set of installed
<Productname>Postgres</Productname> binaries and databases.
<para>
The
<Productname>Postgres</Productname> <firstterm>super-user</firstterm>
is the user named <replaceable>postgres</replaceable>
who owns the <Productname>Postgres</Productname>
binaries and database files. As the database super-user, all
protection mechanisms may be bypassed and any data accessed
arbitrarily.
In addition, the <Productname>Postgres</Productname> super-user is allowed to execute
some support programs which are generally not available to all users.
Note that the <Productname>Postgres</Productname> super-user is
<emphasis>not</emphasis>
the same as the Unix super-user (<literal>root</literal>),
and should have a non-zero userid for security reasons.
<para>
The
<firstterm>database base administrator</firstterm>
or <acronym>DBA</acronym>, is the person who is responsible for installing
<Productname>Postgres</Productname> with mechanisms to
enforce a security policy for a site. The DBA can add new users by
the method described below
and maintain a set of template databases for use by
<application>createdb</application>.
<para>
The <application>postmaster</application>
is the process that acts as a clearing-house for requests
to the <Productname>Postgres</Productname> system.
Frontend applications connect to the <application>postmaster</application>,
which keeps tracks of any system errors and communication between the
backend processes. The <application>postmaster</application>
can take several command-line arguments to tune its behavior.
However, supplying arguments is necessary only if you intend to run multiple
sites or a non-default site.
<para>
The <Productname>Postgres</Productname> backend
(the actual executable program <application>postgres</application>) may be executed
directly from the user shell by the
<Productname>Postgres</Productname> super-user
(with the database name as an argument). However,
doing this bypasses the shared buffer pool and lock table associated
with a postmaster/site, therefore this is not recommended in a multiuser
site.
<sect1>
<title>Notation</title>
<para>
<quote>...</quote> at the front of a file name is used to represent the
path to the <Productname>Postgres</Productname> super-user's home directory.
Anything in brackets
<quote>[</quote> and <quote>]</quote>) is optional. Anything in braces
(<quote>{</quote> and <quote>}</quote>) can be repeated 0 or more times.
Parentheses (<quote>(</quote> and <quote>)</quote>) are used to group boolean
expressions. <quote>|</quote> is the boolean operator OR.
</sect1>

2
doc/src/sgml/odbc.sgml
View File

@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
<Date>1998-08-25</Date>
</DocInfo>
<Title><acronym>ODBC</acronym> Interface</Title>
<Title>ODBC Interface</Title>
<Para>
<Note>

194
doc/src/sgml/oper.sgml
View File

@ -29,6 +29,200 @@ oprleft|oprright|oprresult|oprcode
</ProgramListing>
</Para>
<sect1>
<title>Lexical Precedence</title>
<para>
Operators have a precedence which is currently hardcoded into the parser.
Most operators have the same precedence and are non-associative. This may lead
to non-intuitive behavior; for example the boolean operators "&lt;" and "&gt;"
have a different precedence that the boolean operators "&lt;=" and "&gt;=".
<table tocentry="1">
<title>
Operator Ordering (decreasing precedence)
</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
<thead>
<row>
<entry>
Element
<entry>
Precedence
<entry>
Description
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>
UNION
<entry>
left
<entry>
SQL select construct
<row>
<entry>
::
<entry>
<entry>
<productname>Postgres</productname> typecasting
<row>
<entry>
[ ]
<entry>
left
<entry>
array delimiters
<row>
<entry>
.
<entry>
left
<entry>
table/column delimiter
<row>
<entry>
-
<entry>
right
<entry>
unary minus
<row>
<entry>
;
<entry>
left
<entry>
statement termination, logarithm
<row>
<entry>
:
<entry>
right
<entry>
exponentiation
<row>
<entry>
|
<entry>
left
<entry>
start of interval
<row>
<entry>
* /
<entry>
left
<entry>
multiplication, division
<row>
<entry>
+ -
<entry>
left
<entry>
addition, subtraction
<row>
<entry>
IS
<entry>
<entry>
test for TRUE, FALSE, NULL
<row>
<entry>
ISNULL
<entry>
<entry>
test for NULL
<row>
<entry>
NOTNULL
<entry>
<entry>
test for NOT NULL
<row>
<entry>
(all other operators)
<entry>
<entry>
native and user-defined
<row>
<entry>
IN
<entry>
<entry>
set membership
<row>
<entry>
BETWEEN
<entry>
<entry>
containment
<row>
<entry>
LIKE
<entry>
<entry>
string pattern matching
<row>
<entry>
&lt; &gt;
<entry>
<entry>
boolean inequality
<row>
<entry>
=
<entry>
right
<entry>
equality
<row>
<entry>
NOT
<entry>
right
<entry>
negation
<row>
<entry>
AND
<entry>
left
<entry>
logical intersection
<row>
<entry>
OR
<entry>
left
<entry>
logical union
</tbody>
</table>
<sect1>
<title>General Operators</title>

20
doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml
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@ -1,10 +1,19 @@
<!--
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml,v 1.8 1998/08/17 16:20:33 thomas Exp $
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml,v 1.9 1998/09/30 05:41:49 thomas Exp $
Postgres integrated documentation.
Other subset docs should be copied and shrunk from here.
thomas 1998-02-23
$Log: postgres.sgml,v $
Revision 1.9 1998/09/30 05:41:49 thomas
Clean up pages. Add information for operator precedence.
Split introduction sections into separate files to allow the legal notice
and notation sections appear in all documents without having the history
show up everplace too.
Add full list of reserved and non-reserved key words in syntax.sgml.
Add a separate chapter to the admin guide on security.
Revision 1.8 1998/08/17 16:20:33 thomas
Move SQL reference pages up into the User's Guide.
@ -15,6 +24,12 @@ Include new chapters.
<!doctype book PUBLIC "-//Davenport//DTD DocBook V3.0//EN" [
<!entity about SYSTEM "about.sgml">
<!entity history SYSTEM "history.sgml">
<!entity info SYSTEM "info.sgml">
<!entity legal SYSTEM "legal.sgml">
<!entity notation SYSTEM "notation.sgml">
<!-- tutorial -->
<!entity intro SYSTEM "intro.sgml">
<!entity arch SYSTEM "arch.sgml">
@ -42,8 +57,10 @@ Include new chapters.
%allfiles;
<!-- administrator's guide -->
<!entity intro-ag SYSTEM "intro-ag.sgml">
<!entity start-ag SYSTEM "start-ag.sgml">
<!entity install SYSTEM "install.sgml">
<!entity runtime SYSTEM "runtime.sgml">
<!entity recovery SYSTEM "recovery.sgml">
<!entity regress SYSTEM "regress.sgml">
<!entity ports SYSTEM "ports.sgml">
@ -195,6 +212,7 @@ Information for users.
Installation and maintenance information.
</Para>
</PartIntro>
&intro-ag;
&ports;
&install;
&start-ag;

31
doc/src/sgml/programmer.sgml
View File

@ -1,12 +1,22 @@
<!-- programmer.sgml
-
- Postgres programmer's guide.
- Derived from postgres.sgml.
- thomas 1998-02-24
-
- -->
<!--
$header$
Postgres programmer's guide.
Derived from postgres.sgml.
thomas 1998-02-24
$log$
-->
<!doctype book PUBLIC "-//Davenport//DTD DocBook V3.0//EN" [
<!entity intro SYSTEM "intro.sgml">
<!entity about SYSTEM "about.sgml">
<!entity history SYSTEM "history.sgml">
<!entity info SYSTEM "info.sgml">
<!entity legal SYSTEM "legal.sgml">
<!entity notation SYSTEM "notation.sgml">
<!entity arch SYSTEM "arch.sgml">
<!entity start SYSTEM "start.sgml">
<!entity query SYSTEM "query.sgml">
@ -60,7 +70,7 @@
<!entity biblio SYSTEM "biblio.sgml">
<!entity contacts SYSTEM "contacts.sgml">
]>
<!-- entity manpages SYSTEM "man/manpages.sgml" subdoc -->
<Book Id="programmer">
<!-- Title information -->
@ -95,7 +105,8 @@
<LegalNotice>
<Para>
<ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName> is copyright (C) 1998 by the Postgres Global Development Group.
<ProductName>PostgreSQL</ProductName> is copyright (C) 1998
by the Postgres Global Development Group.
</Para>
</LegalNotice>

29
doc/src/sgml/query-ug.sgml
View File

@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
<Para>
<Note>
<Para>
This chapter must go into depth on each area of the query language. Currently a copy of the tutorial.
This chapter must go into depth on each area of the query language.
Currently a copy of the tutorial.
- thomas 1998-01-12
</Para>
</Note>
@ -15,32 +16,38 @@ This chapter must go into depth on each area of the query language. Currently a
<Acronym>SQL3</Acronym>. It
has many extensions such as an extensible type system,
inheritance, functions and production rules. Those are
features carried over from the original <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> query
language, <ProductName>PostQuel</ProductName>. This section provides an overview
of how to use <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> to perform simple operations.
features carried over from the original <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
query
language, <ProductName>PostQuel</ProductName>.
This section provides an overview
of how to use <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> <Acronym>SQL</Acronym>
to perform simple operations.
This manual is only intended to give you an idea of our
flavor of <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> and is in no way a complete tutorial on
<Acronym>SQL</Acronym>. Numerous books have been written on <Acronym>SQL</Acronym>. For
instance, consult <Ulink url="refs.html#MELT93">[MELT93]</ULink> or
<Ulink url="refs.html#DATE93">[DATE93]</ULink>. You should also
be aware that some features are not part of the <Acronym>ANSI</Acronym>
standard.
instance, consult <xref linkend="MELT93" endterm="MELT93-full"> or
<xref linkend="DATE97" endterm="DATE97-full">. You should also
be aware that some features of <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
are not part of the <Acronym>ANSI</Acronym> standard.
</Para>
<Sect1>
<Title>Concepts</Title>
<Para>
The fundamental notion in <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> is that of a class,
The fundamental notion in <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
is that of a class,
which is a named collection of object instances. Each
instance has the same collection of named attributes,
and each attribute is of a specific type. Furthermore,
each instance has a permanent <FirstTerm>object identifier</FirstTerm> (<Acronym>OID</Acronym>)
each instance has a permanent <FirstTerm>object
identifier</FirstTerm> (<Acronym>OID</Acronym>)
that is unique throughout the installation. Because
<Acronym>SQL</Acronym> syntax refers to tables, we will use the terms
<FirstTerm>table</FirstTerm> and <FirstTerm>class</FirstTerm> interchangeably.
Likewise, an <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> <FirstTerm>row</FirstTerm> is an
<FirstTerm>instance</FirstTerm> and <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> <FirstTerm>columns</FirstTerm>
<FirstTerm>instance</FirstTerm> and <Acronym>SQL</Acronym>
<FirstTerm>columns</FirstTerm>
are <FirstTerm>attributes</FirstTerm>.
As previously discussed, classes are grouped into
databases, and a collection of databases managed by a

90
doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
<Chapter Id="runtime">
<Title>Runtime Environment</Title>
<Para>
This chapter outlines the interaction between <Productname>Postgres</Productname> and
the operating system.
<sect1>
<title>Using <Productname>Postgres</Productname> from Unix</title>
<para>
All <Productname>Postgres</Productname> commands that are executed
directly from a Unix shell are
found in the directory <quote>.../bin</quote>. Including this directory in
your search path will make executing the commands easier.
<para>
A collection of system catalogs exist at each site. These include a
class (<literal>pg_user</literal>) that contains an instance for each valid
<Productname>Postgres</Productname> user. The instance specifies a set of
<Productname>Postgres</Productname> privileges, such as
the ability to act as <Productname>Postgres</Productname> super-user,
the ability to create/destroy
databases, and the ability to update the system catalogs. A Unix
user cannot do anything with <Productname>Postgres</Productname>
until an appropriate instance is
installed in this class. Further information on the system catalogs
is available by running queries on the appropriate classes.
<chapter id="layout">
<Title>System Layout</Title>
<Para>
<Figure Id="ADMIN-LAYOUT">
<Title><ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> file layout</Title>
<Graphic Align="center" FileRef="layout.gif" Format="GIF"></Graphic>
</Figure>
<XRef LinkEnd="ADMIN-LAYOUT" EndTerm="ADMIN-LAYOUT">
shows how the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> distribution is laid
out when installed in the default way. For simplicity,
we will assume that <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
has been installed in the
directory <filename>/usr/local/pgsql</filename>. Therefore, wherever
you see the directory <filename>/usr/local/pgsql</filename> you should
substitute the name of the directory where
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> is
actually installed.
All <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> commands are installed
in the directory
<filename>/usr/local/pgsql/bin</filename>. Therefore, you should add
this directory to your shell command path. If you use
a variant of the Berkeley C shell, such as csh or tcsh,
you would add
<ProgramListing>
set path = ( /usr/local/pgsql/bin path )
</ProgramListing>
in the .login file in your home directory. If you use
a variant of the Bourne shell, such as sh, ksh, or
bash, then you would add
<ProgramListing>
PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/bin PATH
export PATH
</ProgramListing>
to the .profile file in your home directory.
From now on, we will assume that you have added the
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> bin directory to your path.
In addition, we
will make frequent reference to "setting a shell
variable" or "setting an environment variable" throughout
this document. If you did not fully understand the
last paragraph on modifying your search path, you
should consult the UNIX manual pages that describe your
shell before going any further.
</Para>
<Para>
If you have not set things up in the
default way, you may have some more work to do.
For example, if the database server machine is a remote machine, you
will need to set the <envar>PGHOST</envar> environment variable to the name
of the database server machine. The environment variable
<envar>PGPORT</envar> may also have to be set. The bottom line is this: if
you try to start an application program and it complains
that it cannot connect to the <Application>postmaster</Application>,
you must go back and make sure that your
environment is properly set up.
</Para>
</Chapter>

155
doc/src/sgml/security.sgml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
<chapter id="security">
<Title>Security</Title>
<Para>
<Sect1>
<Title>User Authentication</Title>
<Para>
<firstterm>Authentication</firstterm>
is the process by which the backend server and
<application>postmaster</application>
ensure that the user requesting access to data is in fact who he/she
claims to be.
All users who invoke <Productname>Postgres</Productname> are checked against the
contents of the <literal>pg_user</literal> class to ensure that they are
authorized to do so. However, verification of the user's actual
identity is performed in a variety of ways:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>
From the user shell
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
A backend server started from a user shell notes the user's (effective)
user-id before performing a
<function>setuid</function>
to the user-id of user <replaceable>postgres</replaceable>.
The effective user-id is used
as the basis for access control checks. No other authentication is
conducted.
<varlistentry>
<term>
From the network
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
If the <Productname>Postgres</Productname> system is built as distributed,
access to the Internet TCP port of the
<application>postmaster</application>
process is available to anyone. The DBA configures the pg_hba.conf file
in the PGDATA directory to specify what authentication system is to be used
according to the host making the connection and which database it is
connecting to. See <citetitle>pg_hba.conf(5)</citetitle>
for a description of the authentication
systems available. Of course, host-based authentication is not fool-proof in
Unix, either. It is possible for determined intruders to also
masquerade the origination host. Those security issues are beyond the
scope of <Productname>Postgres</Productname>.
</variablelist>
<Sect1>
<Title>Access Control</Title>
<Para>
<Productname>Postgres</Productname> provides mechanisms to allow users
to limit the access to their data that is provided to other users.
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>
Database superusers
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Database super-users (i.e., users who have <literal>pg_user.usesuper</literal>
set) silently bypass all of the access controls described below with
two exceptions: manual system catalog updates are not permitted if the
user does not have <literal>pg_user.usecatupd</literal> set, and destruction of
system catalogs (or modification of their schemas) is never allowed.
<varlistentry>
<term>
Access Privilege
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
The use of access privilege to limit reading, writing and setting
of rules on classes is covered in
<citetitle>grant/revoke(l)</citetitle>.
<varlistentry>
<term>
Class removal and schema modification
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Commands that destroy or modify the structure of an existing class,
such as <command>alter</command>,
<command>drop table</command>,
and
<command>drop index</command>,
only operate for the owner of the class. As mentioned above, these
operations are <emphasis>never</emphasis>
permitted on system catalogs.
</variablelist>
<Sect1>
<Title>Functions and Rules</Title>
<Para>
Functions and rules allow users to insert code into the backend server
that other users may execute without knowing it. Hence, both
mechanisms permit users to <firstterm>trojan horse</firstterm>
others with relative impunity. The only real protection is tight
control over who can define functions (e.g., write to relations with
SQL fields) and rules. Audit trails and alerters on
<literal>pg_class</literal>, <literal>pg_user</literal>
and <literal>pg_group</literal> are also recommended.
<Sect2>
<Title>Functions</Title>
<Para>
Functions written in any language except SQL
run inside the backend server
process with the permissions of the user <replaceable>postgres</replaceable> (the
backend server runs with its real and effective user-id set to
<replaceable>postgres</replaceable>. It is possible for users to change the server's
internal data structures from inside of trusted functions. Hence,
among many other things, such functions can circumvent any system
access controls. This is an inherent problem with user-defined C functions.
<Sect2>
<Title>Rules</Title>
<Para>
Like SQL functions, rules always run with the identity and
permissions of the user who invoked the backend server.
<sect2>
<title>
Caveats
</title>
<para>
There are no plans to explicitly support encrypted data inside of
<Productname>Postgres</Productname>
(though there is nothing to prevent users from encrypting
data within user-defined functions). There are no plans to explicitly
support encrypted network connections, either, pending a total rewrite
of the frontend/backend protocol.
<para>
User names, group names and associated system identifiers (e.g., the
contents of <literal>pg_user.usesysid</literal>) are assumed to be unique
throughout a database. Unpredictable results may occur if they are
not.
</chapter>

234
doc/src/sgml/start-ag.sgml
View File

@ -4,167 +4,17 @@
- - thomas 1998-02-24
-->
<Chapter Id="start-ag">
<Title>Runtime Environment</Title>
<Para>
<Figure Id="ADMIN-LAYOUT">
<Title><ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> file layout</Title>
<Graphic Align="center" FileRef="layout.gif" Format="GIF"></Graphic>
</Figure>
<XRef LinkEnd="ADMIN-LAYOUT" EndTerm="ADMIN-LAYOUT">
shows how the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> distribution is laid
out when installed in the default way. For simplicity,
we will assume that <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> has been installed in the
directory <filename>/usr/local/pgsql</filename>. Therefore, wherever
you see the directory <filename>/usr/local/pgsql</filename> you should
substitute the name of the directory where <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> is
actually installed.
All <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> commands are installed in the directory
<filename>/usr/local/pgsql/bin</filename>. Therefore, you should add
this directory to your shell command path. If you use
a variant of the Berkeley C shell, such as csh or tcsh,
you would add
<ProgramListing>
set path = ( /usr/local/pgsql/bin path )
</ProgramListing>
in the .login file in your home directory. If you use
a variant of the Bourne shell, such as sh, ksh, or
bash, then you would add
<ProgramListing>
PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/bin PATH
export PATH
</ProgramListing>
to the .profile file in your home directory.
From now on, we will assume that you have added the
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> bin directory to your path. In addition, we
will make frequent reference to "setting a shell
variable" or "setting an environment variable" throughout
this document. If you did not fully understand the
last paragraph on modifying your search path, you
should consult the UNIX manual pages that describe your
shell before going any further.
</Para>
<Para>
If your site administrator has not set things up in the
default way, you may have some more work to do. For example, if the database server machine is a remote machine, you
will need to set the <Acronym>PGHOST</Acronym> environment variable to the name
of the database server machine. The environment variable
<Acronym>PGPORT</Acronym> may also have to be set. The bottom line is this: if
you try to start an application program and it complains
that it cannot connect to the <Application>postmaster</Application>, you should immediately consult your site administrator to make sure that your
environment is properly set up.
</Para>
<Sect1>
<Title>Locale Support</Title>
<Para>
<Note>
<Para>
Written by Oleg Bartunov.
See <ULink url="http://www.sai.msu.su/~megera/postgres/">Oleg's web page</ULink>
for additional information on locale and Russian language support.
</Para>
</Note>
While doing a project for a company in Moscow, Russia, I encountered the problem that postgresql had no
support of national alphabets. After looking for possible workarounds I decided to develop support of locale myself.
I'm not a C-programer but already had some experience with locale programming when I work with perl
(debugging) and glimpse. After several days of digging through
the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> source tree I made very minor corections to
src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c and src/backend/main/main.c and got what I needed! I did support only for
LC_CTYPE and LC_COLLATE, but later LC_MONETARY was added by others. I got many
messages from people about this patch so I decided to send it to developers and (to my surprise) it was
incorporated into postgresql distribution.
<Para>
People often complain that locale doesn't work for them. There are several common mistakes:
<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Didn't properly configure postgresql before compilation.
You must run configure with --enable-locale option to enable locale support.
Didn't setup environment correctly when starting postmaster.
You must define environment variables $LC_CTYPE and $LC_COLLATE before running postmaster
because backend gets information about locale from environment. I use following shell script
(runpostgres):
<ProgramListing>
#!/bin/sh
export LC_CTYPE=koi8-r
export LC_COLLATE=koi8-r
postmaster -B 1024 -S -D/usr/local/pgsql/data/ -o '-Fe'
</ProgramListing>
and run it from rc.local as
<ProgramListing>
/bin/su - postgres -c "/home/postgres/runpostgres"
</ProgramListing>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Broken locale support in OS (for example, locale support in libc under Linux several times has changed
and this caused a lot of problems). Latest perl has also support of locale and if locale is broken perl -v will
complain something like:
<programlisting>
8:17[mira]:~/WWW/postgres>setenv LC_CTYPE not_exist
8:18[mira]:~/WWW/postgres>perl -v
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LC_ALL = (unset),
LC_CTYPE = "not_exist",
LANG = (unset)
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
</programlisting>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Wrong location of locale files!
Possible locations include: <filename>/usr/lib/locale</filename> (Linux, Solaris), <filename>/usr/share/locale</filename> (Linux), <filename>/usr/lib/nls/loc</filename> (DUX 4.0)
Check <command>man locale</command> to find the correct location.
Under Linux I did a symbolic link between <filename>/usr/lib/locale</filename> and
<filename>/usr/share/locale</filename> to be sure that the next libc will not break my locale.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</ItemizedList>
<Sect2>
<Title>What are the Benefits?</Title>
<Para>
You can use ~* and order by operators for strings contain characters from national alphabets. Non-english users
definitely need that. If you won't use locale stuff just undefine the USE_LOCALE variable.
<Sect2>
<Title>What are the Drawbacks?</Title>
<Para>
There is one evident drawback of using locale - it's speed! So, use locale only if you really need it.
</Chapter>
<Chapter Id="postmaster">
<Title>Starting <Application>postmaster</Application></Title>
<Para>
Nothing can happen to a database unless the <Application>postmaster</Application>
Nothing can happen to a database unless the
<Application>postmaster</Application>
process is running. As the site administrator, there
are a number of things you should remember before
starting the <Application>postmaster</Application>. These are discussed in the
section of this manual titled, "Administering Postgres."
starting the <Application>postmaster</Application>.
These are discussed in the installation and configuration sections
of this manual.
However, if <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> has been installed by following
the installation instructions exactly as written, the
following simple command is all you should
@ -172,9 +22,11 @@ There is one evident drawback of using locale - it's speed! So, use locale only
<ProgramListing>
% postmaster
</ProgramListing>
The <Application>postmaster</Application> occasionally prints out messages which
The <Application>postmaster</Application> occasionally prints out
messages which
are often helpful during troubleshooting. If you wish
to view debugging messages from the <Application>postmaster</Application>, you can
to view debugging messages from the <Application>postmaster</Application>,
you can
start it with the -d option and redirect the output to
the log file:
<ProgramListing>
@ -184,7 +36,8 @@ There is one evident drawback of using locale - it's speed! So, use locale only
<ProgramListing>
% postmaster -S
</ProgramListing>
and the <Application>postmaster</Application> will be "S"ilent. Notice that there
and the <Application>postmaster</Application> will be "S"ilent.
Notice that there
is no ampersand ("&amp") at the end of the last example.
</Para>
</Chapter>
@ -194,9 +47,12 @@ There is one evident drawback of using locale - it's speed! So, use locale only
<Para>
<Application>createuser</Application> enables specific users to access
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>. <Application>destroyuser</Application> removes users and
prevents them from accessing <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>. Note that these
commands only affect users with respect to <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>;
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>.
<Application>destroyuser</Application> removes users and
prevents them from accessing <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>.
Note that these
commands only affect users with respect to
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>;
they have no effect on users other privileges or status with regards
to the underlying
operating system.
@ -242,7 +98,8 @@ PGDATA2 pointing to <filename>/home/postgres/data</filename>, type
</ProgramListing>
<Para>
Usually, you will want to define this variable in the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> superuser's
Usually, you will want to define this variable in the
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> superuser's
<filename>.profile</filename>
or
<filename>.cshrc</filename>
@ -274,7 +131,8 @@ To test the new location, create a database <Database>test</Database> by typing
<Para>
Assuming that your site administrator has properly
started the <Application>postmaster</Application> process and authorized you to
started the <Application>postmaster</Application> process
and authorized you to
use the database, you (as a user) may begin to start up
applications. As previously mentioned, you should add
<filename>/usr/local/pgsql/bin</filename> to your shell search path.
@ -282,10 +140,12 @@ To test the new location, create a database <Database>test</Database> by typing
terms of preparation.
<Para>
If you get the following error message from a <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
command (such as <Application>psql</Application> or <Application>createdb</Application>):
If you get the following error message from a
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
command (such as <Application>psql</Application> or
<Application>createdb</Application>):
<ProgramListing>
connectDB() failed: Is the postmaster running at 'localhost' on port '4322'?
connectDB() failed: Is the postmaster running at 'localhost' on port '5432'?
</ProgramListing>
it is usually because either the <Application>postmaster</Application> is not running,
or you are attempting to connect to the wrong server host.
@ -303,8 +163,8 @@ FATAL 1:Feb 17 23:19:55:process userid (2360) != database owner (268)
<Title>Managing a Database</Title>
<Para>
Now that <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> is up and running we can create some
databases to experiment with. Here, we describe the
Now that <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> is up and running we can create
some databases to experiment with. Here, we describe the
basic commands for managing a database.
</Para>
@ -318,12 +178,15 @@ FATAL 1:Feb 17 23:19:55:process userid (2360) != database owner (268)
% createdb mydb
</ProgramListing>
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> allows you to create any number of databases
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> allows you to create
any number of databases
at a given site and you automatically become the
database administrator of the database you just created. Database names must have an alphabetic first
database administrator of the database you just created.
Database names must have an alphabetic first
character and are limited to 16 characters in length.
Not every user has authorization to become a database
administrator. If <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> refuses to create databases
administrator. If <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
refuses to create databases
for you, then the site administrator needs to grant you
permission to create databases. Consult your site
administrator if this occurs.
@ -340,23 +203,24 @@ FATAL 1:Feb 17 23:19:55:process userid (2360) != database owner (268)
<ItemizedList Mark="bullet" Spacing="compact">
<ListItem>
<Para>
running the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> terminal monitor programs (
monitor or <Application>psql</Application>) which allows you to interactively
running the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> terminal monitor program
(<Application>psql</Application>) which allows you to interactively
enter, edit, and execute <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> commands.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
writing a C program using the LIBPQ subroutine
writing a C program using the <literal>libpq</literal> subroutine
library. This allows you to submit <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> commands
from C and get answers and status messages back to
your program. This interface is discussed further
in section ??.
in the <citetitle>PostgreSQL Programmer's Guide</citetitle>.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</ItemizedList>
You might want to start up <Application>psql</Application>, to try out the examples in this manual. It can be activated for the mydb
You might want to start up <Application>psql</Application>,
to try out the examples in this manual. It can be activated for the mydb
database by typing the command:
<ProgramListing>
% psql mydb
@ -376,11 +240,14 @@ mydb=>
</Para>
<Para>
This prompt indicates that the terminal monitor is listening to you and that you can type <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> queries into a
This prompt indicates that the terminal monitor is listening
to you and that you can type <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> queries into a
workspace maintained by the terminal monitor.
The <Application>psql</Application> program responds to escape codes that begin
The <Application>psql</Application> program responds to escape
codes that begin
with the backslash character, "\". For example, you
can get help on the syntax of various <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> commands by typing:
can get help on the syntax of various
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> commands by typing:
<ProgramListing>
mydb=> \h
</ProgramListing>
@ -394,7 +261,8 @@ mydb=> \g
This tells the server to process the query. If you
terminate your query with a semicolon, the backslash-g is not
necessary. <Application>psql</Application> will automatically process semicolon terminated queries.
necessary. <Application>psql</Application> will automatically
process semicolon terminated queries.
To read queries from a file, say myFile, instead of
entering them interactively, type:
<ProgramListing>
@ -406,11 +274,13 @@ mydb=> \i fileName
mydb=> \q
</ProgramListing>
and <Application>psql</Application> will quit and return you to your command
and <Application>psql</Application> will quit and return
you to your command
shell. (For more escape codes, type backslash-h at the monitor
prompt.)
White space (i.e., spaces, tabs and newlines) may be
used freely in <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> queries. Single-line comments are denoted by
used freely in <Acronym>SQL</Acronym> queries.
Single-line comments are denoted by
<Quote>--</Quote>. Everything after the dashes up to the end of the
line is ignored. Multiple-line comments, and comments within a line,
are denoted by <Quote>/* ... */</Quote>

265
doc/src/sgml/syntax.sgml Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
<chapter id="syntax">
<title>SQL Syntax</title>
<sect1>
<title>Key Words</title>
<para>
<acronym>SQL92</acronym> defines <firstterm>key words</firstterm> for the language
which have specific meaning. Some key words are
<firstterm>reserved</firstterm>, which indicates that they are
restricted to appear in only certain contexts. Other key words are
<firstterm>not restricted</firstterm>, which indicates that in certain contexts they
have a specific meaning but are not otherwise constrained.
<para>
<productname>Postgres</productname> implements an extended subset of the
<acronym>SQL92</acronym> and <acronym>SQL3</acronym> languages. Some language
elements are not as restricted in this implementation as is
called for in the language standards, in part due
to the extensibility features of <productname>Postgres</productname>.
<para>
Information on <acronym>SQL92</acronym> and <acronym>SQL3</acronym> key words
is derived from <xref linkend="DATE97" endterm="DATE97-full">.
<Sect2>
<Title>Reserved Key Words</Title>
<Para>
<acronym>SQL92</acronym> and <acronym>SQL3</acronym> have
<firstterm>reserved key words</firstterm> which are not allowed
as identifiers and not allowed in any usage other than as fundamental
tokens in <acronym>SQL</acronym> statements.
<productname>Postgres</productname> has additional key words
which have similar restrictions. In particular, these key words
are not allowed as column or table names, though in some cases
they are allowed to be column labels (i.e. in AS clauses).
<tip>
<para>
Any string can be specified as an identifier if surrounded by
double quotes (<quote>like this!</quote>). Some care is required since
such an identifier will be case sensitive
and will retain embedded whitespace.
</tip>
<para>
The following are <productname>Postgres</productname>
reserved words which are neither <acronym>SQL92</acronym>
nor <acronym>SQL3</acronym> reserved words. These are allowed
to be present as column labels, but not as identifiers:
<programlisting>
ABORT ANALYZE
BINARY
CLUSTER CONSTRAINT COPY
DO
EXPLAIN EXTEND
LISTEN LOAD LOCK
MOVE
NEW NONE NOTIFY
RESET
SETOF SHOW
UNLISTEN UNTIL
VACUUM VERBOSE
</programlisting>
The following are <productname>Postgres</productname>
reserved words which are also <acronym>SQL92</acronym>
or <acronym>SQL3</acronym> reserved words, and which
are allowed to be present as column labels, but not as identifiers:
<programlisting>
CROSS CURRENT
FALSE FOREIGN
GROUP
ORDER
POSITION PRECISION
TABLE TRANSACTION TRUE
</programlisting>
The following are <productname>Postgres</productname>
reserved words which are also <acronym>SQL92</acronym>
or <acronym>SQL3</acronym> reserved words:
<programlisting>
ADD ALL ALTER AND ANY AS ASC
BEGIN BETWEEN BOTH BY
CASCADE CAST CHAR CHARACTER CHECK CLOSE COLLATE COLUMN COMMIT
CONSTRAINT CREATE CURRENT_DATE CURRENT_TIME
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP CURRENT_USER CURSOR
DECIMAL DECLARE DEFAULT DELETE DESC DISTINCT DROP
END EXECUTE EXISTS EXTRACT
FETCH FLOAT FOR FROM FULL
GRANT
HAVING
IN INNER INSERT INTERVAL INTO IS
JOIN
LEADING LEFT LIKE LOCAL
NAMES NATIONAL NATURAL NCHAR NO NOT NULL NUMERIC
ON OR OUTER
PARTIAL PRIMARY PRIVILEGES PROCEDURE PUBLIC
REFERENCES REVOKE RIGHT ROLLBACK
SELECT SET SUBSTRING
TIMESTAMP TO TRAILING TRIM
UNION UNIQUE UPDATE USER USING
VALUES VARCHAR VARYING VIEW
WHERE WITH WORK
</programlisting>
The following are <acronym>SQL92</acronym> reserved key words which
are not <productname>Postgres</productname> reserved key words, but which
if used as function names are always translated into the function
<function>length</function>:
<programlisting>
CHAR_LENGTH CHARACTER_LENGTH
</programlisting>
The following are <acronym>SQL92</acronym> or <acronym>SQL3</acronym>
reserved key words which
are not <productname>Postgres</productname> reserved key words, but
if used as type names which are always translated into an alternate, native type:
<programlisting>
BOOLEAN DOUBLE FLOAT INT INTEGER INTERVAL REAL SMALLINT
</programlisting>
<para>
The following are either <acronym>SQL92</acronym>
or <acronym>SQL3</acronym> reserved key words
which are not key words in <productname>Postgres</productname>.
These have no proscribed usage in <productname>Postgres</productname>
at the time of writing (v6.4) but may become reserved key words in the
future:
<note>
<para>
Some of these key words represent functions in <acronym>SQL92</acronym>.
These functions are defined in <productname>Postgres</productname>,
but the parser does not consider the names to be key words and they are allowed
in other contexts.
</note>
<programlisting>
ALLOCATE ARE ASSERTION AT AUTHORIZATION AVG
BIT BIT_LENGTH
CASCADED CASE CATALOG COALESCE COLLATION
CONNECT CONNECTION CONSTRAINTS CONTINUE CONVERT CORRESPONDING COUNT
DATE DEALLOCATE DEC DESCRIBE DESCRIPTOR DIAGNOSTICS DISCONNECT DOMAIN
ELSE END-EXEC ESCAPE EXCEPT EXCEPTION EXEC EXTERNAL
FIRST FOUND
GET GLOBAL GO GOTO
IDENTITY IMMEDIATE INDICATOR INITIALLY INPUT INTERSECT ISOLATION
LAST LEVEL LOWER
MAX MIN MODULE
NULLIF
OCTET_LENGTH OPEN OUTPUT OVERLAPS
PREPARE PRESERVE
RESTRICT ROWS
SCHEMA SECTION SESSION SESSION_USER SIZE SOME
SQL SQLCODE SQLERROR SQLSTATE SUM SYSTEM_USER
TEMPORARY THEN TRANSLATE TRANSLATION
UNKNOWN UPPER USAGE
VALUE
WHEN WHENEVER WRITE
</programlisting>
<Sect2>
<Title>Non-reserved Keywords</Title>
<Para>
<acronym>SQL92</acronym> and <acronym>SQL3</acronym> have
<firstterm>non-reserved keywords</firstterm> which have
a proscribed meaning in the language but which are also allowed
as identifiers.
<productname>Postgres</productname> has additional keywords
which allow similar unrestricted usage.
In particular, these keywords
are allowed as column or table names.
<para>
The following are <productname>Postgres</productname>
non-reserved key words which are neither <acronym>SQL92</acronym>
nor <acronym>SQL3</acronym> non-reserved key words:
<programlisting>
AFTER AGGREGATE
BACKWARD BEFORE
CACHE CREATEDB CREATEUSER CYCLE
DATABASE DELIMITERS
EACH ENCODING
FORWARD FUNCTION
HANDLER
INCREMENT INDEX INHERITS INSENSITIVE INSTEAD ISNULL
LANCOMPILER LOCATION
MAXVALUE MINVALUE
NOCREATEDB NOCREATEUSER NOTHING NOTNULL
OIDS OPERATOR
PASSWORD PROCEDURAL
RECIPE RENAME RETURNS ROW RULE
SEQUENCE SERIAL START STATEMENT STDIN STDOUT
TRUSTED
VALID VERSION
</programlisting>
<para>
The following are <productname>Postgres</productname>
non-reserved key words which are <acronym>SQL92</acronym>
or <acronym>SQL3</acronym> reserved key words:
<programlisting>
ABSOLUTE ACTION
DAY
HOUR
INSENSITIVE
KEY
LANGUAGE
MATCH MINUTE MONTH
NEXT
OF ONLY OPTION
PRIOR PRIVILEGES
READ RELATIVE
SCROLL SECOND
TIME TIMEZONE_HOUR TIMEZONE_MINUTE TRIGGER
YEAR
ZONE
</programlisting>
<para>
The following are <productname>Postgres</productname>
non-reserved key words which are also either <acronym>SQL92</acronym>
or <acronym>SQL3</acronym> non-reserved key words:
<programlisting>
TYPE
</programlisting>
<para>
The following are either <acronym>SQL92</acronym>
or <acronym>SQL3</acronym> non-reserved key words which are not
key words of any kind in <productname>Postgres</productname>:
<programlisting>
ADA
C CATALOG_NAME CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG CHARACTER_SET_NAME
CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA CLASS_ORIGIN COBOL COLLATION_CATALOG
COLLATION_NAME COLLATION_SCHEMA COLUMN_NAME
COMMAND_FUNCTION COMMITTED CONDITION_NUMBER
CONNECTION_NAME CONSTRAINT_CATALOG CONSTRAINT_NAME
CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA CURSOR_NAME
DATA DATE_TIME_INTERVAL_CODE DATE_TIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION
DYNAMIC_FUNCTION
FORTRAN
LENGTH
MESSAGE_LENGTH MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH MORE MUMPS
NAME NULLABLE NUMBER
PAD PASCAL PLI
REPEATABLE RETURNED_LENGTH RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH
RETURNED_SQLSTATE ROW_COUNT
SCALE SCHEMA_NAME SERIALIZABLE SERVER_NAME SPACE
SUBCLASS_ORIGIN
TABLE_NAME
UNCOMMITTED UNNAMED
</programlisting>

22
doc/src/sgml/user.sgml
View File

@ -1,10 +1,19 @@
<!--
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/Attic/user.sgml,v 1.5 1998/08/17 16:20:32 thomas Exp $
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/Attic/user.sgml,v 1.6 1998/09/30 05:41:54 thomas Exp $
Postgres User's Manual.
Derived from postgres.sgml.
thomas 1998-02-24
$Log: user.sgml,v $
Revision 1.6 1998/09/30 05:41:54 thomas
Clean up pages. Add information for operator precedence.
Split introduction sections into separate files to allow the legal notice
and notation sections appear in all documents without having the history
show up everplace too.
Add full list of reserved and non-reserved key words in syntax.sgml.
Add a separate chapter to the admin guide on security.
Revision 1.5 1998/08/17 16:20:32 thomas
Move SQL reference pages up into the User's Guide.
@ -14,6 +23,13 @@ Include new chapters.
-->
<!doctype book PUBLIC "-//Davenport//DTD DocBook V3.0//EN" [
<!entity about SYSTEM "about.sgml">
<!entity history SYSTEM "history.sgml">
<!entity info SYSTEM "info.sgml">
<!entity legal SYSTEM "legal.sgml">
<!entity notation SYSTEM "notation.sgml">
<!entity intro SYSTEM "intro.sgml">
<!entity advanced SYSTEM "advanced.sgml">
<!entity environ SYSTEM "environ.sgml">
@ -30,12 +46,13 @@ Include new chapters.
<!entity psql SYSTEM "psql.sgml">
<!entity pgaccess SYSTEM "pgaccess.sgml">
<!entity biblio SYSTEM "biblio.sgml">
<!entity syntax SYSTEM "syntax.sgml">
<!-- reference pages -->
<!entity % allfiles SYSTEM "allfiles.sgml">
%allfiles;
]>
<!-- entity manpages SYSTEM "man/manpages.sgml" subdoc -->
<Book Id="user">
<!-- Title information -->
@ -107,6 +124,7 @@ It provides SQL92/SQL3 language support,
&intro;
&environ;
&manage;
&syntax;
&datatype;
&oper;
&func;