diff --git a/doc/FAQ_chinese b/doc/FAQ_chinese index c50a4127c4..dd159e0b11 100644 --- a/doc/FAQ_chinese +++ b/doc/FAQ_chinese @@ -1,610 +1,1010 @@ - PostgreSQL ³£¼ûÎÊÌ⣨FAQ£© ×î½ü¸üУº2003 Äê 01 Ô 06 ÈÕ ÐÇÆÚÒ» - 22:27:35 CST Ŀǰά»¤ÈËÔ±£ºBruce Momjian (pgman@candle.pha.pa.us ) + PostgreSQL ³£¼ûÎÊÌ⣨FAQ£© + + ×î½ü¸üУº2003 Äê 01 Ô 06 ÈÕ ÐÇÆÚÒ» 22:27:35 CST + + Ŀǰά»¤ÈËÔ±£ºBruce Momjian (pgman@candle.pha.pa.us) ÖÐÎÄ°æά»¤ÈËÔ±£ººÎΰƽ £¨laser@pgsqldb.com £© - ±¾ÎĵµµÄ×îа汾¿ÉÒÔÔÚhttp: - //www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ.html ²é¿´¡£ + + ±¾ÎĵµµÄ×îа汾¿ÉÒÔÔÚhttp://www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/fa + qs/FAQ.html ²é¿´¡£ + ²Ù×÷ϵͳƽ̨Ïà¹ØµÄÎÊÌâÔÚhttp://www.postgresql.org/docs/faq/Àï»Ø´ð¡£ - ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - -- ³£¼ûÎÊÌâ 1.1 <#1.1>) PostgreSQL ÊÇʲô£¿¸ÃÔõô·¢Òô£¿ 1.2 <#1.2>) - PostgreSQL µÄ°æȨÊÇʲô? 1.3 <#1.3>) PostgreSQL ÔËÐÐÔÚʲô Unix - ƽ̨ÉÏ£¿ 1.4 <#1.4>) ¿ÉÓÃµÄ·Ç Unix ƽ̨ÓÐÄÇЩ£¿ 1.5 <#1.5>) - ÎÒ´ÓÄÄÀïÄܵõ½ PostgreSQL£¿ 1.6 <#1.6>) ÎÒ´ÓÄÄÀïÄܵõ½¶Ô PostgreSQL - µÄÖ§³Ö£¿ 1.7 <#1.7>) PostgreSQL ×îеİ汾ÊÇʲô£¿ 1.8 <#1.8>) - ÓÐÄÄЩ¿ÉÓÃµÄ PostgreSQL µÄÎĵµ£¿ 1.9 <#1.9>) ÎÒÈçºÎÁ˽âÒÑÖªµÄ BUG - »òȱʧµÄÌØÐÔ£¿ 1.10 <#1.10>) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùѧϰ SQL £¿ 1.11 <#1.11>) - PostgreSQL ÊÇ Y2K ¼æÈݵÄÂ𣿠1.12 <#1.12>) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑù¼ÓÈ뿪·¢¶ÓÎ飿 - 1.13 <#1.13>) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùÌá½»Ò»¸ö BUG ±¨¸æ£¿ 1.14 <#1.14>) PostgreSQL - ºÍÆäËû DBMS ±ÈÆðÀ´ÈçºÎ£¿ 1.15 <#1.15>) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùÔÞÖú PostgreSQL £¿ - Óû§¿Í»§¶ËÎÊÌâ 2.1 <#2.1>) ÓÐ PostgreSQL µÄ ODBC Çý¶¯³ÌÐòô£¿ 2.2 - <#2.2>) ÓÐʲô¹¤¾ß¿ÉÒÔ°Ñ PostgreSQL ÓÃÓÚ Web Ò³Ã棿 2.3 <#2.3>) - PostgreSQL ÓµÓÐͼÐÎÓû§½çÃæÂ𣿠2.4 <#2.4>) ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÓÃʲôÓïÑÔºÍ - PostgreSQL ´ò½»µÀ£¿ ϵͳ¹ÜÀíÎÊÌâ 3.1 <#3.1>) ÎÒÔõÑùÄÜ°Ñ PostgreSQL - ×°ÔÚ /usr/local/pgsql ÒÔÍâµÄµØ·½£¿ 3.2 <#3.2>) µ±ÎÒÔËÐÐ postmaster - ʱ£¬³öÏÖ/ Bad System Call/£¨ÏµÍ³µ÷ÓÃ´í£© »ò Core Dumped ´íÎó¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿ - 3.3 <#3.3>) µ±ÎÒÊÔͼÔËÐÐ postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ /IpcMemoryCreate/ - ´íÎó¡£Îª ʲô£¿ 3.4 <#3.4>) µ±ÎÒÊÔͼÔËÐÐ postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ - /IpcSemaphoreCreate/ ´íÎó¡£ ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿ 3.5 <#3.5>) - ÎÒÈçºÎ¿ØÖÆÀ´×ÔÆäËûÖ÷»úµÄÁ¬½Ó£¿ 3.6 <#3.6>) - ÎÒÔõÑùµ÷ÕûÊý¾Ý¿âÒýÇæÒÔ»ñµÃ¸üºÃµÄÐÔÄÜ£¿ 3.7 <#3.7>) PostgreSQL - Àï¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃʲôÑùµÄµ÷ÊÔÌØÐÔ£¿ 3.8 <#3.8>) - ΪʲôÔÚÊÔͼÁ¬½ÓµÇ¼ʱÊÕµ½¡°Sorry, too many clients¡± ÏûÏ¢£¿ 3.9 - <#3.9>) pgsql_tmp Ŀ¼ÀﶼÓÐЩʲô£¿ 3.10 <#3.10>) ΪʲôҪÔÚÉý¼¶ - PostgreSQL ·¢²¼°æ±¾Ê±×ö dump ºÍ restore £¿ ²Ù×÷ÎÊÌâ 4.1 <#4.1>) - ¶þ½øÖÆÓαêºÍÆÕͨÓαêÖ®¼äµÄÇø±ðÊÇʲô£¿ 4.2 <#4.2>) - ÈçºÎֻѡÔñÒ»¸ö²éѯ½á¹ûµÄÍ·¼¸ÐУ¿ 4.3 <#4.3>) - ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñÈ¡Ò»¸öÊý¾Ý¿âÖбíµÄÁÐ±í£¬»òÕßÊÇÆäËûÎÒÄÜÔÚ /psql /Àï¿´ - µ½µÄ¶«Î÷£¿ 4.4 <#4.4>) ÔõÑù´Ó±íÀïÃæɾ³ýÒ»ÁУ¿ 4.5 <#4.5>) - Ò»ÐУ¬Ò»¸ö±í£¬Ò»¸ö¿âµÄ×î´ó³ß´çÊǶàÉÙ£¿ 4.6 <#4.6>) - ´æ´¢Ò»¸öµäÐ͵ÄÎı¾ÎļþÀïµÄÊý¾ÝÐèÒª¶àÉÙ´ÅÅ̿ռ䣿 4.7 <#4.7>) - ÈçºÎ²é¿´±í¡¢Ë÷Òý¡¢Êý¾Ý¿âÒÔ¼°Óû§µÄ¶¨Ò壿 4.8 <#4.8>) - ÎҵIJéѯºÜÂý»òÕßûÓÐÀûÓÃË÷Òý¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿ 4.9 <#4.9>) - ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜ¿´µ½²éѯÓÅ»¯Æ÷ÊÇÔõÑù´¦ÀíÎҵIJéѯµÄ£¿ 4.10 <#4.10>) R-tree - Ë÷ÒýÊÇʲô£¿ 4.11 <#4.11>) ʲôÊÇ»ùÒò²éѯÓÅ»¯£¨Genetic Query - Optimization£©£¿ 4.12 <#4.12>) - ÎÒÔõÑù×öÕýÔò±í´ïʽËÑË÷ºÍ´óСдÎ޹صÄÕýÔò±í´ïʽ²éÕÒ£¿ÔõÑùÀû - ÓÃË÷Òý½øÐдóСдÎ޹زéÕÒ£¿ 4.13 <#4.13>) - ÔÚÒ»¸ö²éѯÀÎÒÔõÑù¼ì²âÒ»¸ö×Ö¶ÎÊÇ·ñΪ NULL£¿ 4.14 <#4.14>) - ¸÷ÖÖ×Ö·ûÀàÐÍÖ®¼äÓÐʲô²»Í¬£¿ 4.15.1 <#4.15.1>) - ÎÒÔõÑù´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁкÅ/×Ô¶¯µÝÔöµÄ×ֶΣ¿ 4.15.2 <#4.15.2>) - ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñµÃÒ»¸ö²åÈëµÄÐòÁкŵÄÖµ£¿ 4.15.3 <#4.15.3>) ʹÓà currval() ºÍ - nextval() »áµ¼ÖºÍÆäËûÓû§µÄÎÉÂÒÇé¿ö £¨race condition£©Â𣿠4.15.4 - <#4.15.4>) Ϊʲô²»ÔÚÊÂÎñÒì³£ÖÐÖ¹ºóÖØÓÃÐòÁкÅÄØ£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´ÔÚÐòÁкÅ×Ö - ¶ÎµÄÈ¡ÖµÖдæÔÚ¼ä¶ÏÄØ£¿ 4.16 <#4.16>) ʲôÊÇ OID£¿Ê²Ã´ÊÇ TID £¿ 4.17 - <#4.17>) PostgreSQL ʹÓõÄһЩÊõÓïµÄº¬ÒåÊÇʲô£¿ 4.18 <#4.18>) - ΪʲôÎÒÊÕµ½´íÎó¡°/ERROR: Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()/¡±£¿ - 4.19 <#4.19>) ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜÖªµÀËùÔËÐÐµÄ PostgreSQL µÄ°æ±¾£¿ 4.20 <#4.20>) - ΪʲôÎҵĴó¶ÔÏó²Ù×÷µ¼Ö´íÎó¡°/invalid large obj - descriptor¡±£¨·Ç·¨µÄ´ó¶ÔÏóÃèÊö·û£©/£¿ 4.21 <#4.21>) - ÎÒÈçºÎ´´½¨Ò»¸öȱʡֵÊǵ±Ç°Ê±¼äµÄ×ֶΣ¿ 4.22 <#4.22>) ΪʲôʹÓà IN - µÄ×Ó²éѯÕâôÂý£¿ 4.23 <#4.23>) ÈçºÎ½øÐÐ outer join £¨ÍâÁ¬½Ó£©£¿ 4.24 - <#4.24>) ÈçºÎʹÓÃÉæ¼°¶à¸öÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éѯ£¿ 4.25 <#4.25>) - ÈçºÎÈú¯Êý·µ»Ø¶àÐлò¶àÁУ¿ 4.26 <#4.26>) ΪʲôÔÚ PL/PgSQL - º¯ÊýÖв»ÄÜ¿É¿¿µØ´´½¨»òɾ³ýÁÙʱ±í£¿ 4.27 <#4.27>) ÓÐÄÄЩÊý¾Ý¸´ÖÆÑ¡Ï - 4.28 <#4.28>) ÓÐÄÄЩÊý¾Ý¼ÓÃÜÑ¡Ï À©Õ¹ PostgreSQL 5.1 <#5.1>) - ÎÒдÁËÒ»¸öÓû§¶¨Ò庯Êý¡£µ±ÎÒÔÚ/ psql/ ÀïÔËÐÐʱ£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´»áµ¼Ö core - dump£¿ 5.2 <#5.2>) ÎÒÈçºÎÄܸø PostgreSQL - ¹±Ï×һЩͦ²»´íµÄÐÂÀàÐͺͺ¯Êý£¿ 5.3 <#5.3>) ÎÒÔõÑùдһ¸ö·µ»ØÒ»Ìõ¼Ç¼µÄ - C º¯Êý£¿ 5.4 <#5.4>) - ÎÒÐÞ¸ÄÁËÒ»¸öÔ´Îļþ£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´ÖØбàÒëºóûÓп´µ½¸Ä±ä£¿ - ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - -- ³£¼ûÎÊÌâ 1.1) PostgreSQL ÊÇʲô£¿¸ÃÔõô·¢Òô£¿ PostgreSQL ¶Á×÷ - /Post-Gres-Q-L// ¡£/ PostgreSQL ÊÇÏÂÒ»´ú DBMS µÄÑо¿ÔÐÍ POSTGRES - Êý¾Ý¿â¹ÜÀíϵͳµÄÔöÇ¿°æ¡£ PostgreSQL ÔÚ±£³Ö POSTGRES - µÄÇ¿´óµÄÊý¾ÝÄ£ÐͺͷḻµÄÊý¾ÝÀàÐ͵Ļù´¡ÉÏ£¬Óà һ¸öÀ©Õ¹Á赀 SQL - ×Ó¼¯È¡´úÁËÔÏ鵀 PostQuel ²éѯÓïÑÔ¡£PostgreSQL ÊÇ×ÔÓÉµÄ - ²¢ÇÒËùÓÐÔ´´úÂ붼¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ¡£ PostgreSQL µÄ¿ª·¢ÓÉ²Î¼Ó PostgreSQL - ¿ª·¢ÓʼþÁбíµÄÒ»¸ö¿ª·¢ÈËԱС×é½øÐС£ Ä¿Ç°µÄе÷ÈËÊÇ Marc G. Fournier - £¨scrappy@postgreSQL.org £©¡££¨¹ØÓÚÈçºÎ¼ÓÈë²Î¼û1.6½Ú£©¡£Õâ¸ö¶ÓÎé - ÏÖÔÚ¸ºÔð PostgreSQL µÄËùÓпª·¢¡£ PostgreSQL 1.01 µÄ×÷ÕßÊÇ Andrew Yu ºÍ - Jolly Chen¡£»¹ÓÐÐí¶àÆäËûÈËΪÒÆÖ²£¬ - ²âÊÔ£¬µ÷ÊÔºÍÔöÇ¿´úÂë×öÁË´óÁ¿¹±Ïס£PostgreSQL µÄ×î³õÆðÔ´ - Postgres£¬ÊÇÔÚ¼Ó ÖÝ´óѧ²®¿ËÀû·ÖУµÄ Michael Stonebraker - ½ÌÊÚµÄÖ¸µ¼Ï£¬ÓÉÐí¶àÑо¿Éú£¬±¾¿Æ ÉúºÍ±à³ÌÖ°Ô±Íê³ÉµÄ¡£ + _________________________________________________________________ + + ³£¼ûÎÊÌâ + + 1.1) PostgreSQL ÊÇʲô£¿¸ÃÔõô·¢Òô£¿ + 1.2) PostgreSQL µÄ°æȨÊÇʲô? + 1.3) PostgreSQL ÔËÐÐÔÚʲô Unix ƽ̨ÉÏ£¿ + 1.4) ¿ÉÓÃµÄ·Ç Unix ƽ̨ÓÐÄÇЩ£¿ + 1.5) ÎÒ´ÓÄÄÀïÄܵõ½ PostgreSQL£¿ + 1.6) ÎÒ´ÓÄÄÀïÄܵõ½¶Ô PostgreSQL µÄÖ§³Ö£¿ + 1.7) PostgreSQL ×îеİ汾ÊÇʲô£¿ + 1.8) ÓÐÄÄЩ¿ÉÓÃµÄ PostgreSQL µÄÎĵµ£¿ + 1.9) ÎÒÈçºÎÁ˽âÒÑÖªµÄ BUG »òȱʧµÄÌØÐÔ£¿ + 1.10) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùѧϰ SQL £¿ + 1.11) PostgreSQL ÊÇ Y2K ¼æÈݵÄÂ𣿠+ 1.12) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑù¼ÓÈ뿪·¢¶ÓÎ飿 + 1.13) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùÌá½»Ò»¸ö BUG ±¨¸æ£¿ + 1.14) PostgreSQL ºÍÆäËû DBMS ±ÈÆðÀ´ÈçºÎ£¿ + 1.15) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùÔÞÖú PostgreSQL £¿ + + Óû§¿Í»§¶ËÎÊÌâ + + 2.1) ÓÐ PostgreSQL µÄ ODBC Çý¶¯³ÌÐòô£¿ + 2.2) ÓÐʲô¹¤¾ß¿ÉÒÔ°Ñ PostgreSQL ÓÃÓÚ Web Ò³Ã棿 + 2.3) PostgreSQL ÓµÓÐͼÐÎÓû§½çÃæÂ𣿠+ 2.4) ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÓÃʲôÓïÑÔºÍ PostgreSQL ´ò½»µÀ£¿ + + ϵͳ¹ÜÀíÎÊÌâ + + 3.1) ÎÒÔõÑùÄÜ°Ñ PostgreSQL ×°ÔÚ /usr/local/pgsql ÒÔÍâµÄµØ·½£¿ + 3.2) µ±ÎÒÔËÐÐ postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ Bad System Call£¨ÏµÍ³µ÷ÓÃ´í£©»ò Core + Dumped ´íÎó¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿ + 3.3) µ±ÎÒÊÔͼÔËÐÐ postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ IpcMemoryCreate ´íÎó¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿ + 3.4) µ±ÎÒÊÔͼÔËÐÐ postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ IpcSemaphoreCreate + ´íÎó¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿ + 3.5) ÎÒÈçºÎ¿ØÖÆÀ´×ÔÆäËûÖ÷»úµÄÁ¬½Ó£¿ + 3.6) ÎÒÔõÑùµ÷ÕûÊý¾Ý¿âÒýÇæÒÔ»ñµÃ¸üºÃµÄÐÔÄÜ£¿ + 3.7) PostgreSQL Àï¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃʲôÑùµÄµ÷ÊÔÌØÐÔ£¿ + 3.8) ΪʲôÔÚÊÔͼÁ¬½ÓµÇ¼ʱÊÕµ½¡°Sorry, too many clients¡± ÏûÏ¢£¿ + 3.9) pgsql_tmp Ŀ¼ÀﶼÓÐЩʲô£¿ + 3.10) ΪʲôҪÔÚÉý¼¶ PostgreSQL ·¢²¼°æ±¾Ê±×ö dump ºÍ restore £¿ + + ²Ù×÷ÎÊÌâ + + 4.1) ¶þ½øÖÆÓαêºÍÆÕͨÓαêÖ®¼äµÄÇø±ðÊÇʲô£¿ + 4.2) ÈçºÎֻѡÔñÒ»¸ö²éѯ½á¹ûµÄÍ·¼¸ÐУ¿ + 4.3) ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñÈ¡Ò»¸öÊý¾Ý¿âÖбíµÄÁÐ±í£¬»òÕßÊÇÆäËûÎÒÄÜÔÚ psql + Àï¿´µ½µÄ¶«Î÷£¿ + 4.4) ÔõÑù´Ó±íÀïÃæɾ³ýÒ»ÁУ¿ + 4.5) Ò»ÐУ¬Ò»¸ö±í£¬Ò»¸ö¿âµÄ×î´ó³ß´çÊǶàÉÙ£¿ + 4.6) ´æ´¢Ò»¸öµäÐ͵ÄÎı¾ÎļþÀïµÄÊý¾ÝÐèÒª¶àÉÙ´ÅÅ̿ռ䣿 + 4.7) ÈçºÎ²é¿´±í¡¢Ë÷Òý¡¢Êý¾Ý¿âÒÔ¼°Óû§µÄ¶¨Ò壿 + 4.8) ÎҵIJéѯºÜÂý»òÕßûÓÐÀûÓÃË÷Òý¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿ + 4.9) ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜ¿´µ½²éѯÓÅ»¯Æ÷ÊÇÔõÑù´¦ÀíÎҵIJéѯµÄ£¿ + 4.10) R-tree Ë÷ÒýÊÇʲô£¿ + 4.11) ʲôÊÇ»ùÒò²éѯÓÅ»¯£¨Genetic Query Optimization£©£¿ + 4.12) + ÎÒÔõÑù×öÕýÔò±í´ïʽËÑË÷ºÍ´óСдÎ޹صÄÕýÔò±í´ïʽ²éÕÒ£¿ÔõÑùÀûÓÃË÷Òý½øÐдó + СдÎ޹زéÕÒ£¿ + 4.13) ÔÚÒ»¸ö²éѯÀÎÒÔõÑù¼ì²âÒ»¸ö×Ö¶ÎÊÇ·ñΪ NULL£¿ + 4.14) ¸÷ÖÖ×Ö·ûÀàÐÍÖ®¼äÓÐʲô²»Í¬£¿ + 4.15.1) ÎÒÔõÑù´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁкÅ/×Ô¶¯µÝÔöµÄ×ֶΣ¿ + 4.15.2) ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñµÃÒ»¸ö²åÈëµÄÐòÁкŵÄÖµ£¿ + 4.15.3) ʹÓà currval() ºÍ nextval() »áµ¼ÖºÍÆäËûÓû§µÄÎÉÂÒÇé¿ö£¨race + condition£©Â𣿠+ 4.15.4) + Ϊʲô²»ÔÚÊÂÎñÒì³£ÖÐÖ¹ºóÖØÓÃÐòÁкÅÄØ£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´ÔÚÐòÁкÅ×ֶεÄÈ¡ÖµÖдæÔÚ¼ä + ¶ÏÄØ£¿ + 4.16) ʲôÊÇ OID£¿Ê²Ã´ÊÇ TID £¿ + 4.17) PostgreSQL ʹÓõÄһЩÊõÓïµÄº¬ÒåÊÇʲô£¿ + 4.18) ΪʲôÎÒÊÕµ½´íÎó¡°ERROR: Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()¡±£¿ + 4.19) ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜÖªµÀËùÔËÐÐµÄ PostgreSQL µÄ°æ±¾£¿ + 4.20) ΪʲôÎҵĴó¶ÔÏó²Ù×÷µ¼Ö´íÎó¡°invalid large obj + descriptor¡±£¨·Ç·¨µÄ´ó¶ÔÏóÃèÊö·û£©£¿ + 4.21) ÎÒÈçºÎ´´½¨Ò»¸öȱʡֵÊǵ±Ç°Ê±¼äµÄ×ֶΣ¿ + 4.22) ΪʲôʹÓà IN µÄ×Ó²éѯÕâôÂý£¿ + 4.23) ÈçºÎ½øÐÐ outer join £¨ÍâÁ¬½Ó£©£¿ + 4.24) ÈçºÎʹÓÃÉæ¼°¶à¸öÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éѯ£¿ + + 4.25) ÈçºÎÈú¯Êý·µ»Ø¶àÐлò¶àÁУ¿ + + 4.26) ΪʲôÔÚ PL/PgSQL º¯ÊýÖв»ÄÜ¿É¿¿µØ´´½¨»òɾ³ýÁÙʱ±í£¿ + + 4.27) ÓÐÄÄЩÊý¾Ý¸´ÖÆÑ¡Ï + 4.28) ÓÐÄÄЩÊý¾Ý¼ÓÃÜÑ¡Ï + + À©Õ¹ PostgreSQL + + 5.1) ÎÒдÁËÒ»¸öÓû§¶¨Ò庯Êý¡£µ±ÎÒÔÚ psql ÀïÔËÐÐʱ£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´»áµ¼Ö core + dump£¿ + 5.2) ÎÒÈçºÎÄܸø PostgreSQL ¹±Ï×һЩͦ²»´íµÄÐÂÀàÐͺͺ¯Êý£¿ + 5.3) ÎÒÔõÑùдһ¸ö·µ»ØÒ»Ìõ¼Ç¼µÄ C º¯Êý£¿ + 5.4) ÎÒÐÞ¸ÄÁËÒ»¸öÔ´Îļþ£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´ÖØбàÒëºóûÓп´µ½¸Ä±ä£¿ + _________________________________________________________________ + + ³£¼ûÎÊÌâ + + 1.1) PostgreSQL ÊÇʲô£¿¸ÃÔõô·¢Òô£¿ + + PostgreSQL ¶Á×÷ Post-Gres-Q-L ¡£ + + PostgreSQL ÊÇÏÂÒ»´ú DBMS µÄÑо¿ÔÐÍ POSTGRES + Êý¾Ý¿â¹ÜÀíϵͳµÄÔöÇ¿°æ¡£PostgreSQL ÔÚ±£³Ö POSTGRES + µÄÇ¿´óµÄÊý¾ÝÄ£ÐͺͷḻµÄÊý¾ÝÀàÐ͵Ļù´¡ÉÏ£¬ÓÃÒ»¸öÀ©Õ¹Á赀 SQL + ×Ó¼¯È¡´úÁËÔÏ鵀 PostQuel ²éѯÓïÑÔ¡£PostgreSQL + ÊÇ×ÔÓɵIJ¢ÇÒËùÓÐÔ´´úÂ붼¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ¡£ + + PostgreSQL µÄ¿ª·¢ÓÉ²Î¼Ó PostgreSQL + ¿ª·¢ÓʼþÁбíµÄÒ»¸ö¿ª·¢ÈËԱС×é½øÐС£Ä¿Ç°µÄе÷ÈËÊÇ Marc G. Fournier + £¨scrappy@postgreSQL.org + £©¡££¨¹ØÓÚÈçºÎ¼ÓÈë²Î¼û1.6½Ú£©¡£Õâ¸ö¶ÓÎéÏÖÔÚ¸ºÔð PostgreSQL + µÄËùÓпª·¢¡£ + + PostgreSQL 1.01 µÄ×÷ÕßÊÇ Andrew Yu ºÍ Jolly + Chen¡£»¹ÓÐÐí¶àÆäËûÈËΪÒÆÖ²£¬²âÊÔ£¬µ÷ÊÔºÍÔöÇ¿´úÂë×öÁË´óÁ¿¹±Ïס£PostgreS + QL µÄ×î³õÆðÔ´ Postgres£¬ÊÇÔÚ¼ÓÖÝ´óѧ²®¿ËÀû·ÖУµÄ Michael Stonebraker + ½ÌÊÚµÄÖ¸µ¼Ï£¬ÓÉÐí¶àÑо¿Éú£¬±¾¿ÆÉúºÍ±à³ÌÖ°Ô±Íê³ÉµÄ¡£ + Õâ¸öÈí¼þ×î³õÔÚ²®¿ËÀûµÄÃû×ÖÊÇ Postgres¡£ÔÚ 1995 Ä꣬µ±Ôö¼ÓÁË SQL - ¹¦ÄÜºó£¬ ËüµÄÃû×Ö¸Ä³É Postgres95¡£ÔÚ 1996ÄêÄ©£¬²Å¸ÄÃûΪ PostgreSQL¡£ - 1.2) PostgreSQL µÄ°æȨÊÇʲô? PostgreSQL ÊÜÏÂÃæµÄ°æȨԼÊø¡£ PostgreSQL - Êý¾Ý¿â¹ÜÀíϵͳ £¨PostgreSQL Data Base Management System£© - ²¿·Ö°æȨ£¨c£©1996-2002£¬PostgreSQL È«Çò¿ª·¢Ð¡×é ²¿·Ö°æȨ£¨c£©1994-6 - ¼ÓÖÝ´óѧ¶Ê £¨Portions copyright (c) 1996-2002, PostgreSQL Global - Development Group Portions Copyright (c) 1994-6 Regents of the - University of California£© + ¹¦Äܺó£¬ËüµÄÃû×Ö¸Ä³É Postgres95¡£ÔÚ 1996ÄêÄ©£¬²Å¸ÄÃûΪ PostgreSQL¡£ + + 1.2) PostgreSQL µÄ°æȨÊÇʲô? + + PostgreSQL ÊÜÏÂÃæµÄ°æȨԼÊø¡£ + + PostgreSQL Êý¾Ý¿â¹ÜÀíϵͳ + + £¨PostgreSQL Data Base Management System£© + + ²¿·Ö°æȨ£¨c£©1996-2002£¬PostgreSQL È«Çò¿ª·¢Ð¡×é + ²¿·Ö°æȨ£¨c£©1994-6 ¼ÓÖÝ´óѧ¶Ê + + £¨Portions copyright (c) 1996-2002, PostgreSQL Global Development + Group + Portions Copyright (c) 1994-6 Regents of the University of + California£© + ÔÊÐíΪÈκÎÄ¿µÄʹÓ㬿½±´£¬Ð޸ĺͷַ¢Õâ¸öÈí¼þºÍËüµÄÎĵµ¶ø²»ÊÕÈ¡ÈκηÑÓà - £¬ - ²¢ÇÒÎÞÐëÇ©ÊðÒò´Ë¶ø²úÉúµÄÖ¤Ã÷£¬Ç°ÌáÊÇÉÏÃæµÄ°æȨÉùÃ÷ºÍ±¾¶ÎÒÔ¼°ÏÂÃæÁ½¶ÎÎÄ - ×Ö ³öÏÖÔÚËùÓп½±´ÖС£ £¨Permission to use, copy, modify, and - distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose, - without fee, and without a written agreement is hereby granted, - provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph and the - following two paragraphs appear in all copies.£© + £¬²¢ÇÒÎÞÐëÇ©ÊðÒò´Ë¶ø²úÉúµÄÖ¤Ã÷£¬Ç°ÌáÊÇÉÏÃæµÄ°æȨÉùÃ÷ºÍ±¾¶ÎÒÔ¼°ÏÂÃæÁ½¶Î + ÎÄ×Ö³öÏÖÔÚËùÓп½±´ÖС£ + + £¨Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and + its documentation for any purpose, without fee, and without a written + agreement is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice + and this paragraph and the following two paragraphs appear in all + copies.£© + ÔÚÈκÎÇé¿öÏ£¬¼ÓÖÝ´óѧ¶¼²»³Ðµ£ÒòʹÓôËÈí¼þ¼°ÆäÎĵµ¶øµ¼ÖµĶÔÈκε±ÊÂÈË - µÄ - Ö±½ÓµÄ£¬¼ä½ÓµÄ£¬ÌØÊâµÄ£¬¸½¼ÓµÄ»òÕßÏà°é¶øÉúµÄË𻵣¬°üÀ¨ÀûÒæËðʧµÄÔðÈΣ¬ - ¼´ ʹ¼ÓÖÝ´óѧÒѾ½¨ÒéÁËÕâЩËðʧµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔʱҲÊÇÈç´Ë¡£ £¨IN NO EVENT SHALL - THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR DIRECT, - INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING - LOST PROFITS, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS - DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAS BEEN ADVISED - OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.£© + µÄÖ±½ÓµÄ£¬¼ä½ÓµÄ£¬ÌØÊâµÄ£¬¸½¼ÓµÄ»òÕßÏà°é¶øÉúµÄË𻵣¬°üÀ¨ÀûÒæËðʧµÄÔðÈÎ + £¬¼´Ê¹¼ÓÖÝ´óѧÒѾ½¨ÒéÁËÕâЩËðʧµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔʱҲÊÇÈç´Ë¡£ + + £¨IN NO EVENT SHALL THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BE LIABLE TO ANY + PARTY FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL + DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST PROFITS, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS + SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA + HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.£© + ¼ÓÖÝ´óѧÃ÷È··ÅÆúÈκα£Ö¤£¬°üÀ¨µ«²»¾ÖÏÞÓÚijһÌض¨ÓÃ;µÄÉÌÒµºÍÀûÒæµÄÒþº¬ - ±£ - Ö¤¡£ÕâÀïÌṩµÄÕâ·ÝÈí¼þÊÇ»ùÓÚ¡°µ±×÷ÊÇ¡±µÄ»ù´¡µÄ£¬Òò¶ø¼ÓÖÝ´óѧûÓÐÔðÈÎÌá - ¹©Î¬ »¤£¬Ö§³Ö£¬¸üУ¬ÔöÇ¿»òÕßÐ޸ĵķþÎñ¡£ £¨THE UNIVERSITY OF - CALIFORNIA SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT - LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR - A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS ON AN "AS IS" - BASIS, AND THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAS NO OBLIGATIONS TO PROVIDE - MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.£© - ÉÏÃæ¾ÍÊÇ BSD °æȨÉùÃ÷£¬Ò»¸ö¾µäµÄ¿ªÔ´°æȨÉùÃ÷¡£Ëü¶ÔÔ´´úÂëµÄʹÓÃδ×÷ÈκΠ- ÏÞÖÆ¡£ÎÒÃÇϲ»¶Ëü²¢ÇÒ²»´òËã¸Ä±äËü¡£ 1.3) PostgreSQL ÔËÐÐÔÚʲô Unix - ƽ̨ÉÏ£¿ Ò»°ã˵À´£¬Ò»¸öÏÖ´úµÄ UNIX ¼æÈݵÄƽ̨¶¼ÄÜÔËÐÐ PostgreSQL - ¡£ÔÚ°²×°Ö¸ÄÏÀïÁÐ ³öÁË·¢²¼Ê±¾¹ýÃ÷È·²âÊÔµÄƽ̨¡£ 1.4) ¿ÉÓÃµÄ·Ç Unix - ƽ̨ÓÐÄÄЩ£¿ ¿Í»§¶Ë °Ñ libpq C - ¿â£¬psql£¬ÆäËû½Ó¿ÚºÍ¿Í»§¶ËÓ¦ÓóÌÐò±àÒë³É¿ÉÒÔÔÚ MS Windows ƽ - ̨ÉÏÔËÐÐÊÇ¿ÉÄܵġ£ÕâÖÖÇé¿öÏ£¬¿Í»§¶ËÔÚ MS Windows ÉÏÔËÐУ¬²¢ÇÒͨ¹ý + ±£Ö¤¡£ÕâÀïÌṩµÄÕâ·ÝÈí¼þÊÇ»ùÓÚ¡°µ±×÷ÊÇ¡±µÄ»ù´¡µÄ£¬Òò¶ø¼ÓÖÝ´óѧûÓÐÔðÈÎ + Ìṩά»¤£¬Ö§³Ö£¬¸üУ¬ÔöÇ¿»òÕßÐ޸ĵķþÎñ¡£ + + £¨THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, + INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF + MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE + PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE UNIVERSITY OF + CALIFORNIA HAS NO OBLIGATIONS TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, + UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.£© + ÉÏÃæ¾ÍÊÇ BSD °æȨÉùÃ÷£¬Ò»¸ö¾­ + µäµÄ¿ªÔ´°æȨÉùÃ÷¡£Ëü¶ÔÔ´´úÂëµÄʹÓÃδ×÷ÈκÎÏÞÖÆ¡£ÎÒÃÇϲ»¶Ëü²¢ÇÒ²»´òËã¸Ä + ±äËü¡£ + + 1.3) PostgreSQL ÔËÐÐÔÚʲô Unix ƽ̨ÉÏ£¿ + + Ò»°ã˵À´£¬Ò»¸öÏÖ´úµÄ UNIX ¼æÈݵÄƽ̨¶¼ÄÜÔËÐÐ PostgreSQL + ¡£ÔÚ°²×°Ö¸ÄÏÀïÁгöÁË·¢²¼Ê±¾¹ýÃ÷È·²âÊÔµÄƽ̨¡£ + + 1.4) ¿ÉÓÃµÄ·Ç Unix ƽ̨ÓÐÄÄЩ£¿ + + ¿Í»§¶Ë + + °Ñ libpq C ¿â£¬psql£¬ÆäËû½Ó¿ÚºÍ¿Í»§¶ËÓ¦ÓóÌÐò±àÒë³É¿ÉÒÔÔÚ MS Windows + ƽ̨ÉÏÔËÐÐÊÇ¿ÉÄܵġ£ÕâÖÖÇé¿öÏ£¬¿Í»§¶ËÔÚ MS Windows ÉÏÔËÐУ¬²¢ÇÒͨ¹ý TCP/IP ÓëÒ»¸öÔËÐÐÔÚÎÒÃÇÖ§³ÖµÄ Unix - ƽ̨ÉϵķþÎñÆ÷½øÐÐͨѶ¡£·¢²¼°æ±¾Öаü º¬Ò»¸öÎļþ win32.mak ÓÃÓÚÉú³É - Win32 libpq ¿âºÍ psql ¡£PostgreSQL Ò²¿ÉÒÔ ºÍ ODBC ¿Í»§¶ËͨѶ¡£ ·þÎñÆ÷ + ƽ̨ÉϵķþÎñÆ÷½øÐÐͨѶ¡£·¢²¼°æ±¾Öаüº¬Ò»¸öÎļþ win32.mak ÓÃÓÚÉú³É + Win32 libpq ¿âºÍ psql ¡£PostgreSQL Ò²¿ÉÒÔºÍ ODBC ¿Í»§¶ËͨѶ¡£ + + ·þÎñÆ÷ + Êý¾Ý¿â·þÎñÆ÷ÏÖÔÚ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý Cygwin £¬Cygnus µÄ Unix/NT ÒÆÖ²¿âÔÚ Windows - NT ºÍ Win2k ÉÏÔËÐС£²ÎÔÄ·¢²¼°æ±¾ÀïµÄ See /pgsql/doc/FAQ_MSWIN/ Îļþ»ò - http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/faq-mswin.html ¡£ ÒÆÖ²µ½ MS Win - NT/2000/XP µÄ±¾»ú°æµÄ¹¤×÷ÕýÔÚ½øÐС£ 1.5) ÎÒ´ÓÄÄÀïÄܵõ½ PostgreSQL£¿ + NT ºÍ Win2k ÉÏÔËÐС£²ÎÔÄ·¢²¼°æ±¾ÀïµÄ See pgsql/doc/FAQ_MSWIN Îļþ»ò + http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/faq-mswin.html ¡£ + + ÒÆÖ²µ½ MS Win NT/2000/XP µÄ±¾»ú°æµÄ¹¤×÷ÕýÔÚ½øÐС£ + + 1.5) ÎÒ´ÓÄÄÀïÄܵõ½ PostgreSQL£¿ + PostgreSQL µÄÖ÷ÄäÃûFTPÕ¾µãÊÇ - ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub£¬¾µÏñÕ¾µã¿ÉÒÔ ²Î¿¼ÎÒÃÇÍøÕ¾µÄÖ÷Ò³¡£ 1.6) - ÎÒ´ÓÄÄÀïÄܵõ½¶Ô PostgreSQL µÄÖ§³Ö£¿ - Ö÷ÒªµÄÓʼþÁбíÊÇ£ºpgsql-general@postgreSQL.org ¡£¿ÉÒÔÔÚÄÇÀïÌÖÂÛÓÐ¹Ø - PostgreSQL µÄ ÎÊÌâ¡£Òª¼ÓÈëÁÐ±í£¬·¢Ò»·âÓʼþÄÚÈÝ£¨²»ÊÇÖ÷ÌâÐУ©Îª - subscribe end µÄÓʼþµ½ pgsql-general-request@postgreSQL.org ¡£ - »¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñÈ¡ÕªÒªÁÐ±í¡£Òª¼ÓÈëÕâ¸öÁÐ±í£¬·¢Óʼþµ½£ºpgsql-general-digest- - request@postgreSQL.org £¬ÆäÄÚÈÝΪ£º subscribe end ÿµ±Ö÷Áбí´ïµ½´óÔ¼ - 30k µÄÏûÏ¢ÄÚÈÝʱ£¬ÕªÒª¾Í·¢Ë͸øÕâ¸öÁбíµÄ³ÉÔ±¡£ + ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub£¬¾µÏñÕ¾µã¿ÉÒԲο¼ÎÒÃÇÍøÕ¾µÄÖ÷Ò³¡£ + + 1.6) ÎÒ´ÓÄÄÀïÄܵõ½¶Ô PostgreSQL µÄÖ§³Ö£¿ + + Ö÷ÒªµÄÓʼþÁбíÊÇ£ºpgsql-general@postgreSQL.org¡£¿ÉÒÔÔÚÄÇÀïÌÖÂÛÓÐ¹Ø + PostgreSQL µÄÎÊÌâ¡£Òª¼ÓÈëÁÐ±í£¬·¢Ò»·âÓʼþÄÚÈÝ£¨²»ÊÇÖ÷ÌâÐУ©Îª + subscribe + end + + µÄÓʼþµ½ pgsql-general-request@postgreSQL.org ¡£ + + »¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñÈ¡ÕªÒªÁÐ±í¡£Òª¼ÓÈëÕâ¸öÁÐ±í£¬·¢Óʼþµ½£ºpgsql-general-digest-req + uest@postgreSQL.org£¬ÆäÄÚÈÝΪ£º + subscribe + end + + ÿµ±Ö÷Áбí´ïµ½´óÔ¼ 30k µÄÏûÏ¢ÄÚÈÝʱ£¬ÕªÒª¾Í·¢Ë͸øÕâ¸öÁбíµÄ³ÉÔ±¡£ + »¹¿ÉÒԲμӳô³æÓʼþÁÐ±í¡£Òª¼ÓÈëÕâ¸öÁÐ±í£¬·¢ËÍÒ»¸öÓʼþµ½ - bugs-request@postgreSQL.org £¬ÄÚÈÝΪ£º subscribe end + bugs-request@postgreSQL.org£¬ÄÚÈÝΪ£º + subscribe + end + »¹¿ÉÒԲμӿª·¢ÈËÔ±ÓʼþÁÐ±í¡£Òª¼ÓÈëÕâ¸öÁÐ±í£¬·¢ËÍÒ»¸öÓʼþµ½ - hackers-request@postgreSQL.org £¬ ÄÚÈÝΪ£º subscribe end ÆäËûµÄ¹ØÓÚ - PostgreSQL ÓʼþÁбíºÍÆäËûÐÅÏ¢¿ÉÒÔÔÚ PostgreSQL µÄ WWW Ö÷Ò³ÕÒµ½£º - http://postgresql.org/ ÔÚ EFNet ÀﻹÓÐÒ»¸ö IRC ƵµÀ£¬ÆµµÀ - #PostgreSQL¡£ÎÒÓà unix ÃüÁîirc -c '#PostgreSQL' "$USER" - irc.phoenix.net ÉÌÒµÖ§³Ö¹«Ë¾µÄÁбíÔÚ - http://www.PostgreSQL.org/users-lounge/commercial-support.html ¡£ 1.7) - PostgreSQL ×îеİ汾ÊÇʲô£¿ PostgreSQL ×îеİ汾ÊÇ°æ±¾ - 7.2.3¡££¨Òë×¢£ºÏÖÔÚÓ¦¸ÃÊÇ 7.3.1 ÁË¡££© - ÎÒÃǼƻ®Ã¿ËĸöÔ·¢²¼Ò»¸öÖ÷Òª°æ±¾¡£ 1.8) ÓÐÄÄЩ¿ÉÓÃµÄ PostgreSQL - µÄÎĵµ£¿ ÔÚ·¢²¼°üÀïÓÐһЩÊֲᣬÊÖ²áÒ³ºÍһЩСµÄ²âÊÔÀý×Ó¡£²Î¼û /doc - Ŀ¼¡££¨Òë×¢£º ӦΪ $PGHOME/doc£©¡£Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔÔÚÏßä¯ÀÀ PostgreSQL - µÄÊֲᣬÔÚ http://www.PostgreSQL.org/users-lounge/docs/ ¡£ ÓÐÁ½±¾¹ØÓÚ - PostgreSQL µÄÊéÔÚÏßÌṩ£¬ÔÚ http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/awbook.html - www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/awbook.html> ºÍ - http://www.commandprompt.com/ppbook/ www.commandprompt.com/ppbook/> - ¡£ÔÚ http://www.ca.PostgreSQL.org/books/ www.ca.PostgreSQL.org/books/> - ÉÏÓйØÓÚ PostgreSQL µÄ¿É¹ºÊé¼®µÄÁÐ ±í¡£ÔÚ - http://techdocs.PostgreSQL.org/ techdocs.PostgreSQL.org/> ÉÏÊÕ¼¯ÁËÓÐ¹Ø - PostgreSQL µÄ¼¼ÊõÎÄÕ¡£ /psql/ ÓÐһЩ²»´íµÄ \d - ÃüÁÏÔʾ¹ØÓÚÀàÐÍ£¬²Ù×÷·û£¬º¯Êý£¬¾Û¼¯µÈµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£ ÎÒÃÇµÄ web - Õ¾µã°üº¬¸ü¶àµÄÎĵµ£® 1.9) ÎÒÈçºÎÁ˽âÒÑÖªµÄ BUG ºÍȱʧµÄÌØÐÔ£¿ + hackers-request@postgreSQL.org£¬ÄÚÈÝΪ£º + subscribe + end + + ÆäËûµÄ¹ØÓÚ PostgreSQL ÓʼþÁбíºÍÆäËûÐÅÏ¢¿ÉÒÔÔÚ PostgreSQL µÄ WWW + Ö÷Ò³ÕÒµ½£º + + http://postgresql.org/ + + ÔÚ EFNet ÀﻹÓÐÒ»¸ö IRC ƵµÀ£¬ÆµµÀ #PostgreSQL¡£ÎÒÓà unix ÃüÁîirc -c + '#PostgreSQL' "$USER" irc.phoenix.net + + ÉÌÒµÖ§³Ö¹«Ë¾µÄÁбíÔÚ + http://www.PostgreSQL.org/users-lounge/commercial-support.html ¡£ + + 1.7) PostgreSQL ×îеİ汾ÊÇʲô£¿ + + PostgreSQL ×îеİ汾ÊÇ°æ±¾ 7.2.3¡££¨Òë×¢£ºÏÖÔÚÓ¦¸ÃÊÇ 7.3.1 ÁË¡££© + + ÎÒÃǼƻ®Ã¿ËĸöÔ·¢²¼Ò»¸öÖ÷Òª°æ±¾¡£ + + 1.8) ÓÐÄÄЩ¿ÉÓÃµÄ PostgreSQL µÄÎĵµ£¿ + + ÔÚ·¢²¼°üÀïÓÐһЩÊֲᣬÊÖ²áÒ³ºÍһЩСµÄ²âÊÔÀý×Ó¡£²Î¼û /doc + Ŀ¼¡££¨Òë×¢£ºÓ¦Îª $PGHOME/doc£©¡£Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔÔÚÏßä¯ÀÀ PostgreSQL + µÄÊֲᣬÔÚ http://www.PostgreSQL.org/users-lounge/docs/ ¡£ + + ÓÐÁ½±¾¹ØÓÚ PostgreSQL µÄÊéÔÚÏßÌṩ£¬ÔÚ + http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/awbook.html ºÍ + http://www.commandprompt.com/ppbook/ ¡£ÔÚ + http://www.ca.PostgreSQL.org/books/ ÉÏÓйØÓÚ PostgreSQL + µÄ¿É¹ºÊé¼®µÄÁÐ±í¡£ÔÚ http://techdocs.PostgreSQL.org/ ÉÏÊÕ¼¯ÁËÓÐ¹Ø + PostgreSQL µÄ¼¼ÊõÎÄÕ¡£ + + psql ÓÐһЩ²»´íµÄ \d ÃüÁÏÔʾ¹ØÓÚÀàÐÍ£¬²Ù×÷·û£¬º¯Êý£¬¾Û¼¯µÈµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£ + + ÎÒÃÇµÄ web Õ¾µã°üº¬¸ü¶àµÄÎĵµ£® + + 1.9) ÎÒÈçºÎÁ˽âÒÑÖªµÄ BUG ºÍȱʧµÄÌØÐÔ£¿ + PostgreSQL Ö§³ÖÒ»¸öÀ©Õ¹Á赀 SQL-92 µÄ×Ó¼¯¡£²ÎÔÄÎÒÃÇµÄ TODO - www.postgresql.org/docs/todo.html> - www.postgresql.org/docs/todo.html>ÁÐ±í£¬»ñÈ¡Ò»¸öÒÑÖª³ô³æ£¬È±Ê§ÌØ - ÐÔºÍδÀ´¼Æ»®¡£ 1.10) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùѧϰ SQL£¿ ÔÚ - http://www.postgresql.org/docs/awbook.html µÄ¹ØÓÚ PostgreSQL µÄÊé½ÌÊÚ - SQL¡££¨Òë×¢£ºÎÒÏÂÔص½±¾µØÁË¡££©ÔÚ http://www.commandprompt.com/ppbook - www.commandprompt.com/ppbook/> ÓÐÁíÍâÒ»±¾¹ØÓÚ PostgreSQL µÄÊé¡£ - ÔÚhttp://www.intermedia.net/support/sql/sqltut.shtm£¬http: - //ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/graeme_birchall/HTM_COOK.HTM - ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/graeme_birchall/HTM_COOK.HTM> ºÍ - http://sqlcourse.com sqlcourse.com/> ÓÐÒ»¸ö²»´íµÄÈëÃŽ̡̳£ ÁíÒ»¸öÊÇ - "Teach Yourself SQL in 21 Days, Second Edition"£¨21Ììѧ»áSQL£¬ - µÚ¶þ°æ£©£¬ÔÚ http://members.tripod.com/er4ebus/sql/index.htm - members.tripod.com/er4ebus/sql/index.htm> ÎÒÃǵÄÐí¶àÓû§Ï²»¶ /The - Practical SQL Handbook, Bowman, Judith S., et al., Addison-Wesley ¡£ / - ÆäËûµÄÓÐ/ The Complete Reference SQL, Groff et al., McGraw-Hill ¡£/ - 1.11) PostgreSQL ÊÇ Y2K ¼æÈݵÄÂ𣿠ÊÇ£¬ÎÒÃǺÜÈÝÒ׿ØÖÆ 2000 AD Ö®ºóºÍ - 2000 BC ֮ǰµÄÈÕÆÚ¡£ 1.12) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑù¼ÓÈ뿪·¢¶ÓÎ飿 + ÁÐ±í£¬»ñÈ¡Ò»¸öÒÑÖª³ô³æ£¬È±Ê§ÌØÐÔºÍδÀ´¼Æ»®¡£ + + 1.10) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùѧϰ SQL£¿ + + ÔÚ http://www.postgresql.org/docs/awbook.html µÄ¹ØÓÚ PostgreSQL + µÄÊé½ÌÊÚ SQL¡££¨Òë×¢£ºÎÒÏÂÔص½±¾µØÁË¡££©ÔÚ + http://www.commandprompt.com/ppbook ÓÐÁíÍâÒ»±¾¹ØÓÚ PostgreSQL + µÄÊé¡£ÔÚhttp://www.intermedia.net/support/sql/sqltut.shtm£¬http://ourw + orld.compuserve.com/homepages/graeme_birchall/HTM_COOK.HTM ºÍ + http://sqlcourse.com ÓÐÒ»¸ö²»´íµÄÈëÃŽ̡̳£ + + ÁíÒ»¸öÊÇ "Teach Yourself SQL in 21 Days, Second + Edition"£¨21Ììѧ»áSQL£¬µÚ¶þ°æ£©£¬ÔÚ + http://members.tripod.com/er4ebus/sql/index.htm + + ÎÒÃǵÄÐí¶àÓû§Ï²»¶ The Practical SQL Handbook, Bowman, Judith S., et + al., Addison-Wesley ¡£ ÆäËûµÄÓÐ The Complete Reference SQL, Groff et + al., McGraw-Hill ¡£ + + 1.11) PostgreSQL ÊÇ Y2K ¼æÈݵÄÂ𣿠+ + ÊÇ£¬ÎÒÃǺÜÈÝÒ׿ØÖÆ 2000 AD Ö®ºóºÍ 2000 BC ֮ǰµÄÈÕÆÚ¡£ + + 1.12) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑù¼ÓÈ뿪·¢¶ÓÎ飿 + Ê×ÏÈ£¬ÏÂÔØ×îеÄÔ´´úÂë²¢ÔĶÁÎÒÃÇ web Õ¾µã»ò·¢²¼°üÖÐµÄ PostgreSQL - ¿ª·¢Õß Îĵµ¡£Æä´Î£¬¼ÓÈë pgsql-hackers ºÍ pgsql-patches + ¿ª·¢ÕßÎĵµ¡£Æä´Î£¬¼ÓÈë pgsql-hackers ºÍ pgsql-patches ÓʼþÁÐ±í¡£µÚÈý£¬Ïò pgsql-patches Ìá½»¸ßÖÊÁ¿µÄ²¹¶¡³ÌÐò¡£ + ÏÖÔÚ´ó¸ÅÓÐÊ®¼¸¸öÈËÓÐ PostgreSQL CVS ¹éµµ COMMIT µÄȨÏÞ¡£ËûÃǶ¼ÒѾ­ - Ìá½»ÁË - ·Ç³£¶à¸ßÖÊÁ¿µÄ²¹¶¡ÁË£¬ÒÔÖÁÓÚÏÖÓеÄÌá½»È˺ÜÄѸúÉϽÚ×࣬²¢ÇÒÎÒÃÇÏàÐÅËûÃÇ - Ìá ½»µÄ²¹¶¡¶¼ÊǸßÖÊÁ¿µÄ¡£ 1.13) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùÌá½»Ò»¸öBUG±¨¸æ£¿ Çë·ÃÎÊ - http://www.PostgreSQL.org/bugs/bugs.php µÄ PostgreSQL BugTool Ò³ Ãæ, - ÄÇÀï¸ø³öÁËÈçºÎÌá½»Ò»¸öBUG±¨¸æµÄÖ¸ÄÏ¡£ ͬÑùÒ²Òª¿´¿´ÎÒÃÇµÄ ftp Õ¾µã - ftp://ftp.postgreSQL.org/pub ftp.postgresql.org/pub>£¬¿´ÓÐûÓиüÐ嵀 - PostgreSQL °æ±¾»ò²¹¶¡¡£ 1.14) PostgreSQL ºÍÆäËû DBMS ±ÈÆðÀ´ÈçºÎ£¿ - ÆÀ¼ÛÈí¼þÓкü¸ÖÖ·½·¨£ºÌØÐÔ£¬ÐÔÄÜ£¬¿É¿¿ÐÔ£¬Ö§³ÖºÍ¼Û¸ñ¡£ *ÌØÐÔ* - PostgreSQL ÓµÓдóÐÍÉÌÓà DBMS Àï´ó¶àÊýÌØÐÔ£¬ÀýÈ磺ÊÂÎñ£¬×Ó²éѯ£¬´¥·¢ - Æ÷£¬ÊÓͼ£¬Íâ¼ü²Î¿¼ÍêÕûÐԺ͸´ÔÓµÄËøµÈ¡£ÎÒÃÇ»¹ÓÐһЩËüÃÇûÓеÄÌØÐÔ£¬Èç - Óû§¶¨ÒåÀàÐÍ£¬¼Ì³Ð£¬¹æÔòºÍ¶à°æ±¾²¢ÐпØÖÆÒÔ¼õÉÙËøµÄÕùÓõȡ£ *ÐÔÄÜ* - PostgreSQL ºÍÆäËûÉÌÓúͿªÔ´µÄÊý¾Ý¿â¾ßÓÐÀàËƵÄÐÔÄÜ¡£¶ÔijЩ´¦ÀíËü±È½Ï - ¿ì£¬¶ÔÆäËûһЩ´¦ÀíËü±È½ÏÂý¡£Óë MySQL »ò¸üÇá±ãµÄÊý¾Ý¿âϵͳ±È½Ï£¬ÎÒÃÇ ÔÚ - insert/update ʱÂý£¬ÒòΪÎÒÃÇÓÐÊÂÎñ´¦Àí¡£µ±È» MySQL ²»¾ßÓÐÎÒÃÇÔÚÉÏ - ÃæµÄ/ÌØÐÔ /¶ÎÀï¸ø³öµÄÈκÎÌØÐÔ¡£ÎÒÃǵÄÖ÷Òª·½ÏòÊÇ¿É¿¿ÐÔºÍÌØÐÔ£¬¾¡¹ÜÎÒ - ÃÇÔÚÿ´Î·¢²¼Ê±²»¶ÏµØ¸Ä½øÐÔÄÜ¡£ÓÐÒ»¸öºÜÓÐȤµÄÍøÒ³±È½ÏÁË PostgreSQL ºÍ - MySQL http://openacs.org/why-not-mysql.html¡£ *¿É¿¿ÐÔ* ÎÒÃÇÖªµÀ DBMS - ±ØÐëÊÇ¿É¿¿µÄ£¬·ñÔòËü¾ÍÒ»µãÓö¼Ã»ÓС£ÎÒÃÇŬÁ¦×öµ½·¢²¼¾­ - ¹ýÈÏÕæ²âÊԵģ¬Îȶ¨µÄ³ô³æ×îÉٵĴúÂ롣ÿ¸ö°æ±¾ÖÁÉÙÓÐÒ»¸öÔ嵀 beta ²â - ÊÔ£¬²¢ÇÒÎÒÃǵķ¢²¼ÀúÊ·ÏÔʾÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÌṩÎȶ¨µÄ£¬Àι̵ģ¬¿ÉÓÃÓÚÉú²úʹÓà - µÄ°æ±¾¡£ÎÒÃÇÏàÐÅÔÚÕâ·½ÃæÎÒÃÇÓëÆäËûµÄÊý¾Ý¿âÈí¼þÊÇÏ൱µÄ¡£ *Ö§³Ö* - ÎÒÃǵÄÓʼþÁбíÌṩһ¸ö·Ç³£´óµÄ¿ª·¢ÈËÔ±ºÍÓû§µÄ×éÒÔ°ïÖú½â¾öËùÅöµ½µÄÈÎ - ºÎÎÊÌâ¡£ÎÒÃDz»Äܱ£Ö¤¿Ï¶¨Äܽâ¾öÎÊÌ⣬Ïà±È֮ϣ¬ÉÌÓà DBMS Ò²²¢²»ÊÇ×ÜÄÜ - ¹»Ìṩ½â¾ö·½·¨¡£Ö±½ÓÓ뿪·¢ÈËÔ±£¬Óû§Èº£¬ÊÖ²áºÍÔ´³ÌÐò½Ó´¥Áî PostgreSQL - µÄÖ§³Ö±ÈÆäËû DBMS »¹ÒªºÃ¡£»¹ÓÐһЩÉÌÒµÐÔµÄÔ¤°ü×°µÄÖ§³Ö£¬ - ¿ÉÒÔ¸øÌṩ¸øÄÇЩÐèÒªµÄÈË¡££¨²ÎÔÄÖ§³Ö FAQ Ìõ¿î 1.6 С½Ú¡££© *¼Û¸ñ* - ÎÒÃǶÔÈκÎÓÃ;¶¼Ãâ·Ñ£¬°üÀ¨ÉÌÓúͷÇÉÌÓÃÄ¿µÄ¡£Äã¿ÉÒÔ²»¼ÓÏÞÖƵØÏòÄãµÄ²ú - Æ·Àï¼ÓÈëÎÒÃǵĴúÂ룬³ýÁËÄÇЩÎÒÃÇÔÚÉÏÃæµÄ°æȨÉùÃ÷ÀïÉùÃ÷µÄ BSD ·ç¸ñµÄ - °æȨÍâ¡£ 1.15) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùÔÞÖú PostgreSQL £¿ ×Ô´Ó1996Ä꿪ʼ£¬PostgreSQL - ÒѾÓÐÁËÒ»¸öÓÅÐãµÄ×éÖ¯¡£ÕâЩӦ¸Ã¹é¹¦ÓÚ Marc + Ìá½»Á˷dz£¶à¸ßÖÊÁ¿µÄ²¹¶¡ÁË£¬ÒÔÖÁÓÚÏÖÓеÄÌá½»È˺ÜÄѸúÉϽÚ×࣬²¢ÇÒÎÒÃÇÏà + ÐÅËûÃÇÌá½»µÄ²¹¶¡¶¼ÊǸßÖÊÁ¿µÄ¡£ + + 1.13) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùÌá½»Ò»¸öBUG±¨¸æ£¿ + + Çë·ÃÎÊ http://www.PostgreSQL.org/bugs/bugs.php µÄ PostgreSQL BugTool + Ò³Ãæ, ÄÇÀï¸ø³öÁËÈçºÎÌá½»Ò»¸öBUG±¨¸æµÄÖ¸ÄÏ¡£ + + ͬÑùÒ²Òª¿´¿´ÎÒÃÇµÄ ftp Õ¾µã + ftp://ftp.postgreSQL.org/pub£¬¿´ÓÐûÓиüÐ嵀 PostgreSQL °æ±¾»ò²¹¶¡¡£ + + 1.14) PostgreSQL ºÍÆäËû DBMS ±ÈÆðÀ´ÈçºÎ£¿ + + ÆÀ¼ÛÈí¼þÓкü¸ÖÖ·½·¨£ºÌØÐÔ£¬ÐÔÄÜ£¬¿É¿¿ÐÔ£¬Ö§³ÖºÍ¼Û¸ñ¡£ + + ÌØÐÔ + PostgreSQL ÓµÓдóÐÍÉÌÓà DBMS + Àï´ó¶àÊýÌØÐÔ£¬ÀýÈ磺ÊÂÎñ£¬×Ó²éѯ£¬´¥·¢Æ÷£¬ÊÓͼ£¬Íâ¼ü²Î¿¼ÍêÕûÐÔº + ͸´ÔÓµÄËøµÈ¡£ÎÒÃÇ»¹ÓÐһЩËüÃÇûÓеÄÌØÐÔ£¬ÈçÓû§¶¨ÒåÀàÐÍ£¬¼Ì³Ð£¬ + ¹æÔòºÍ¶à°æ±¾²¢ÐпØÖÆÒÔ¼õÉÙËøµÄÕùÓõȡ£ + + + ÐÔÄÜ + PostgreSQL + ºÍÆäËûÉÌÓúͿªÔ´µÄÊý¾Ý¿â¾ßÓÐÀàËƵÄÐÔÄÜ¡£¶ÔijЩ´¦ÀíËü±È½Ï¿ì£¬¶ÔÆ + äËûһЩ´¦ÀíËü±È½ÏÂý¡£Óë MySQL »ò¸üÇá±ãµÄÊý¾Ý¿âϵͳ±È½Ï£¬ÎÒÃÇÔÚ + insert/update ʱÂý£¬ÒòΪÎÒÃÇÓÐÊÂÎñ´¦Àí¡£µ±È» MySQL + ²»¾ßÓÐÎÒÃÇÔÚÉÏÃæµÄÌØÐÔ + ¶ÎÀï¸ø³öµÄÈκÎÌØÐÔ¡£ÎÒÃǵÄÖ÷Òª·½ÏòÊÇ¿É¿¿ÐÔºÍÌØÐÔ£¬¾¡¹ÜÎÒÃÇÔÚÿ´ + η¢²¼Ê±²»¶ÏµØ¸Ä½øÐÔÄÜ¡£ÓÐÒ»¸öºÜÓÐȤµÄÍøÒ³±È½ÏÁË PostgreSQL ºÍ + MySQL http://openacs.org/why-not-mysql.html¡£ + + ¿É¿¿ÐÔ + ÎÒÃÇÖªµÀ DBMS + ±ØÐëÊÇ¿É¿¿µÄ£¬·ñÔòËü¾ÍÒ»µãÓö¼Ã»ÓС£ÎÒÃÇŬÁ¦×öµ½·¢²¼¾­ + ¹ýÈÏÕæ²âÊԵģ¬Îȶ¨µÄ³ô³æ×îÉٵĴúÂ롣ÿ¸ö°æ±¾ÖÁÉÙÓÐÒ»¸öÔ嵀 beta + ²âÊÔ£¬²¢ÇÒÎÒÃǵķ¢²¼ÀúÊ·ÏÔʾÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÌṩÎȶ¨µÄ£¬Àι̵ģ¬¿ÉÓÃÓÚÉ + ú²úʹÓõİ汾¡£ÎÒÃÇÏàÐÅÔÚÕâ·½ÃæÎÒÃÇÓëÆäËûµÄÊý¾Ý¿âÈí¼þÊÇÏ൱µÄ¡£ + + + Ö§³Ö + ÎÒÃǵÄÓʼþÁбíÌṩһ¸ö·Ç³£´óµÄ¿ª·¢ÈËÔ±ºÍÓû§µÄ×éÒÔ°ïÖú½â¾öËùÅöµ + ½µÄÈκÎÎÊÌâ¡£ÎÒÃDz»Äܱ£Ö¤¿Ï¶¨Äܽâ¾öÎÊÌ⣬Ïà±È֮ϣ¬ÉÌÓà DBMS + Ò²²¢²»ÊÇ×ÜÄܹ»Ìṩ½â¾ö·½·¨¡£Ö±½ÓÓ뿪·¢ÈËÔ±£¬Óû§Èº£¬ÊÖ²áºÍÔ´³ÌÐ + ò½Ó´¥Áî PostgreSQL µÄÖ§³Ö±ÈÆäËû DBMS + »¹ÒªºÃ¡£»¹ÓÐһЩÉÌÒµÐÔµÄÔ¤°ü×°µÄÖ§³Ö£¬¿ÉÒÔ¸øÌṩ¸øÄÇЩÐèÒªµÄÈË¡ + ££¨²ÎÔÄÖ§³Ö FAQ Ìõ¿î 1.6 С½Ú¡££© + + + ¼Û¸ñ + ÎÒÃǶÔÈκÎÓÃ;¶¼Ãâ·Ñ£¬°üÀ¨ÉÌÓúͷÇÉÌÓÃÄ¿µÄ¡£Äã¿ÉÒÔ²»¼ÓÏÞÖƵØÏòÄ + ãµÄ²úÆ·Àï¼ÓÈëÎÒÃǵĴúÂ룬³ýÁËÄÇЩÎÒÃÇÔÚÉÏÃæµÄ°æȨÉùÃ÷ÀïÉùÃ÷µÄ + BSD ·ç¸ñµÄ°æȨÍâ¡£ + + 1.15) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùÔÞÖú PostgreSQL £¿ + + ×Ô´Ó1996Ä꿪ʼ£¬PostgreSQL ÒѾÓÐÁËÒ»¸öÓÅÐãµÄ×éÖ¯¡£ÕâЩӦ¸Ã¹é¹¦ÓÚ Marc Fournier£¬ÊÇËû´´½¨Á˲¢ÔÚÕâЩÄêÒ»Ö±¹ÜÀíÕâ¸ö×éÖ¯¡£ + ¶ÔÓÚÒ»¸ö¿ªÔ´ÏîÄ¿À´Ëµ£¬ÖÊÁ¿»ù´¡ÉèÊ©ÊǷdz£ÖØÒªµÄ¡£ËüÄÜ·ÀÖ¹³öÏÖÑÏÖØÑÓ³ÙÏî - Ä¿ Ç°½øµÄ»ìÂÒ¡£ + Ä¿Ç°½øµÄ»ìÂÒ¡£ + ÏÔÈ»£¬Õâ¸ö×éÖ¯µÄÔËת³É±¾²»·Æ¡£Î¬³ÖÆäÇ°½øÓи÷ÖÖÔ¶ȵġ¢Ò»´ÎÐԵĿªÖ§¡£Èç - ¹û Äã»òÕßÄãµÄ¹«Ë¾ÄܽøÐоèÔùÒÔÖ§³ÖÕâÏîÊÂÒµ£¬Çë·ÃÎÊ - http://store.pgsql.com/shopping/ store.pgsql.com/shopping/> ½øÐÐ - ¾èÔù¡£ ËäÈ»¸ÃÍøÒ³Ìá¼°ÁË PostgreSQL ¹«Ë¾£¬ÕâЩ¾èÔù½«½öÓÃÓÚÖ§³Ö - PostgreSQL ÏîÄ¿£¬ - ²¢²»»áÓÃÓÚ×ÊÖúû¸öÌض¨µÄ¹«Ë¾¡£Èç¹ûÄãÔ¸Ò⣬Ҳ¿ÉÒÔÓʼÄ֧Ʊµ½ÁªÏµµØÖ·¡£ - ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - -- Óû§¿Í»§¶ËÎÊÌâ 2.1) ÓÐ PostgreSQL µÄ ODBC Çý¶¯Ã´£¿ ÓÐÁ½¸ö ODBC - Çý¶¯¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ£¬PsqlODBC ºÍ OpenLink ODBC. + ¹ûÄã»òÕßÄãµÄ¹«Ë¾ÄܽøÐоèÔùÒÔÖ§³ÖÕâÏîÊÂÒµ£¬Çë·ÃÎÊ + http://store.pgsql.com/shopping/ ½øÐоèÔù¡£ + + ËäÈ»¸ÃÍøÒ³Ìá¼°ÁË PostgreSQL ¹«Ë¾£¬ÕâЩ¾èÔù½«½öÓÃÓÚÖ§³Ö PostgreSQL + ÏîÄ¿£¬²¢²»»áÓÃÓÚ×ÊÖúû¸öÌض¨µÄ¹«Ë¾¡£Èç¹ûÄãÔ¸Ò⣬Ҳ¿ÉÒÔÓʼÄ֧Ʊµ½ÁªÏµµØ + Ö·¡£ + _________________________________________________________________ + + Óû§¿Í»§¶ËÎÊÌâ + + 2.1) ÓÐ PostgreSQL µÄ ODBC Çý¶¯Ã´£¿ + + ÓÐÁ½¸ö ODBC Çý¶¯¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ£¬PsqlODBC ºÍ OpenLink ODBC. + ¿ÉÒÔÔÚhttp://gborg.postgresql.org/project/psqlodbc/projdisplay.php - ÏÂÔØ PsqlODBC ¡£ OpenLink ODBC ¿ÉÒÔ´Ó http://www.openlinksw.com/ - »ñµÃ¡£ËüÓëËûÃǵıê×¼ ODBC - ¿Í»§¶ËÈí¼þ¼æÈÝ£¬Òò¶øÄã¿ÉÒÔÔÚÈκÎËûÃÇÖ§³ÖµÄ¿Í»§¶Ëƽ̨£¨Win, Mac, Unix, - VMS£©ÉÏʹÓà PostgreSQL ODBC¡£ + ÏÂÔØ PsqlODBC ¡£ + + OpenLink ODBC ¿ÉÒÔ´Ó http://www.openlinksw.com/ »ñµÃ¡£ËüÓëËûÃǵıê×¼ + ODBC ¿Í»§¶ËÈí¼þ¼æÈÝ£¬Òò¶øÄã¿ÉÒÔÔÚÈκÎËûÃÇÖ§³ÖµÄ¿Í»§¶Ëƽ̨£¨Win, Mac, + Unix, VMS£©ÉÏʹÓà PostgreSQL ODBC¡£ + ËûÃÇ¿ÉÄܽ«Õâ¸ö²úÆ·ÏúÊÛ¸øÄÇЩÐèÒªÉÌÒµÖ§³ÖµÄÓû§£¬µ«ÊÇ×ÜÊÇÓÐÒ»¸ö - freeware £¨×ÔÓÉÈí¼þ£©µÄ°æ±¾¿ÉÒԵõ½¡£ÇëѯÎÊ postgres95@openlink.co.uk - ¡£ 2.2) ÓÐʲô¹¤¾ß¿ÉÒÔ°Ñ PostgreSQL ÓÃÓÚ Web Ò³Ã棿 + freeware £¨×ÔÓÉÈí¼þ£©µÄ°æ±¾¿ÉÒԵõ½¡£ÇëѯÎÊ + postgres95@openlink.co.uk¡£ + + 2.2) ÓÐʲô¹¤¾ß¿ÉÒÔ°Ñ PostgreSQL ÓÃÓÚ Web Ò³Ã棿 + Ò»¸ö½éÉÜÒÔÊý¾Ý¿âΪºǫ́µÄͦ²»´íµÄ Õ¾µãÊÇ£ºhttp://www.webreview.com ¡£ + ¶ÔÓÚ Web ¼¯³É£¬PHP ÊÇÒ»¸ö¼«ºÃµÄ½Ó¿Ú¡£ËüÔÚ£ºhttp://www.php.net/ ¡£ - ¶ÔÓÚ¸´ÔÓµÄÈÎÎñ£¬ºÜ¶àÈ˲ÉÓà Perl ½Ó¿ÚºÍ CGI.pm »ò mod_perl ¡£ 2.3) - PostgreSQL ÓµÓÐͼÐÎÓû§½çÃæÂ𣿠Êǵġ£Óм¸¸öÊÊÓÃÓÚ PostgreSQL - µÄͼÐνӿڡ£°üÀ¨PgAccess£¨http: //www.pgaccess.com)£¬PgAdmin II - £¨http://www.pgadmin.org£¬½öÊÊÓÃÓÚ Win32£©£¬ RHDB Admin + + ¶ÔÓÚ¸´ÔÓµÄÈÎÎñ£¬ºÜ¶àÈ˲ÉÓà Perl ½Ó¿ÚºÍ CGI.pm »ò mod_perl ¡£ + + 2.3) PostgreSQL ÓµÓÐͼÐÎÓû§½çÃæÂ𣿠+ + Êǵġ£Óм¸¸öÊÊÓÃÓÚ PostgreSQL + µÄͼÐνӿڡ£°üÀ¨PgAccess£¨http://www.pgaccess.com)£¬PgAdmin II + £¨http://www.pgadmin.org£¬½öÊÊÓÃÓÚWin32£©£¬ RHDB Admin (http://sources.redhat.com/rhdb/£© ÒÔ¼° Rekall £¨http://www.thekompany.com/products/rekall/£¬ - רÓеÄ/proprietary)¡£»¹ÓÐ PHPPgAdmin - £¨http://phppgadmin.sourceforge.net/£© phppgadmin.sourceforge.net/> - £¬Ò»¸ö»ùÓÚ web µÄ PostgreSQL ·ÃÎÊ½Ó ¿Ú¡£ + רÓеÄ/proprietary)¡£»¹ÓÐPHPPgAdmin + £¨http://phppgadmin.sourceforge.net/£© £¬Ò»¸ö»ùÓÚ web µÄ PostgreSQL + ·ÃÎʽӿڡ£ + ÎÒÃÇÓÐÒ»¸ö²»´íµÄͼÐÎÓû§½çÃ棬³ÆΪ PgAccess - £¬ËüÒ²¿ÉÒÔÓÃ×÷±¨±íÉú³ÉÆ÷¡£Íø Ò³ÊÇ http://www.pgaccess.org/¡£ 2.4) - ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÓÃʲôÓïÑÔºÍ PostgreSQL ´ò½»µÀ£¿ ´ó¶àÊýÁ÷Ðеıà³ÌÓïÑÔ¶¼ÓзÃÎÊ - PostgreSQL µÄ½Ó¿Ú¡£Çë¼ì²é±à³ÌÓïÑÔµÄÀ©Õ¹Ä£¿é ÁÐ±í¡£ PostgreSQL - ·¢²¼°üÖаüº¬ÁËÒÔϽӿڣº * C (libpq) * Embedded C (ecpg) * Java (jdbc) - * Python (PyGreSQL) * TCL (libpgtcl) ÆäËûµÄ½Ó¿ÚÔÚ - http://gborg.postgresql.org É쵀 /Drivers/Interfaces/ С½Ú¡£ - ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - -- ϵͳ¹ÜÀíÎÊÌâ 3.1) ÎÒÔõÑùÄÜ°Ñ PostgreSQL ×°ÔÚ /usr/local/pgsql - ÒÔÍâµÄµØ·½£¿ ÔÚÔËÐÐ configure ʱ¼ÓÉÏ --prefix Ñ¡Ïî¡£ 3.2) µ±ÎÒÔËÐÐ - postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ/ Bad System Call/£¨ÏµÍ³µ÷Óà ´í£©»ò Core Dumped - ´íÎó¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿ Õâ¿ÉÄÜÊǺܶ෽ÃæµÄÎÊÌ⣬ÇëÏȼì²é²Ù×÷ϵͳºËÐÄÊÇ·ñÖ§³Ö - System V À©Õ¹¡£ PostgreSQL ÐèÒªÄÚºËÖ§³Ö¹²ÏíÄÚ´æºÍÐźŵơ£ 3.3) - µ±ÎÒÊÔͼÔËÐÐ postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ /IpcMemoryCreate/ ´íÎó¡£Îª ʲô£¿ + £¬ËüÒ²¿ÉÒÔÓÃ×÷±¨±íÉú³ÉÆ÷¡£ÍøÒ³ÊÇ http://www.pgaccess.org/¡£ + + 2.4) ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÓÃʲôÓïÑÔºÍ PostgreSQL ´ò½»µÀ£¿ + + ´ó¶àÊýÁ÷Ðеıà³ÌÓïÑÔ¶¼ÓзÃÎÊ PostgreSQL + µÄ½Ó¿Ú¡£Çë¼ì²é±à³ÌÓïÑÔµÄÀ©Õ¹Ä£¿éÁÐ±í¡£ + + PostgreSQL ·¢²¼°üÖаüº¬ÁËÒÔϽӿڣº + * C (libpq) + * Embedded C (ecpg) + * Java (jdbc) + * Python (PyGreSQL) + * TCL (libpgtcl) + + ÆäËûµÄ½Ó¿ÚÔÚ http://gborg.postgresql.org É쵀 Drivers/Interfaces + С½Ú¡£ + _________________________________________________________________ + + ϵͳ¹ÜÀíÎÊÌâ + + 3.1) ÎÒÔõÑùÄÜ°Ñ PostgreSQL ×°ÔÚ /usr/local/pgsql ÒÔÍâµÄµØ·½£¿ + + ÔÚÔËÐÐ configure ʱ¼ÓÉÏ --prefix Ñ¡Ïî¡£ + + 3.2) µ±ÎÒÔËÐÐ postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ Bad System Call£¨ÏµÍ³µ÷ÓÃ´í£©»ò Core + Dumped ´íÎó¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿ + + Õâ¿ÉÄÜÊǺܶ෽ÃæµÄÎÊÌ⣬ÇëÏȼì²é²Ù×÷ϵͳºËÐÄÊÇ·ñÖ§³Ö System V + À©Õ¹¡£PostgreSQL ÐèÒªÄÚºËÖ§³Ö¹²ÏíÄÚ´æºÍÐźŵơ£ + + 3.3) µ±ÎÒÊÔͼÔËÐÐ postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ IpcMemoryCreate ´íÎó¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿ + ÄãҪôÊÇûÓÐÔÚÄÚºËÀïÕýÈ·ÅäÖù²ÏíÄڴ棬ҪôÊÇÄãÐèÒªÀ©´óÄãµÄÄں˵ĿÉÓù² - Ïí ÄÚ´æ¡£ÐèÒªµÄ¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ¾ßÌåµÄÊýÁ¿È¡¾öÓÚÄãµÄÌåϵ½á¹¹ºÍÄãÅäÖÃÄãµÄ + ÏíÄÚ´æ¡£ÐèÒªµÄ¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ¾ßÌåµÄÊýÁ¿È¡¾öÓÚÄãµÄÌåϵ½á¹¹ºÍÄãÅäÖÃÄãµÄ postmaster ÔËÐÐʱʹÓõĻº³åÇøºÍºó¶Ë½ø³ÌÊýÄ¿¡£¶Ô´ó¶àÊýϵͳ£¬Ê¹ÓÃȱʡ»º³åÇøºÍ½ø³ÌÊý - Ä¿ ʱ£¬Äã×îÉÙÐèÒª~1MB¡£Óйع²ÏíÄÚ´æºÍÐźŵƵÄÏêϸÐÅÏ¢Çë²Î¿¼ PostgreSQL - Administrator's Guide - www.postgresql.org/idocs/index.php?kernel-resources.html> ¡£ 3.4) - µ±ÎÒÊÔͼÔËÐÐ postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ /IpcSemaphoreCreate/ ´í Îó¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿ - Èç¹û´íÎóÐÅÏ¢ÊÇ /IpcSemaphoreCreate: semget failed (No space left on - device)/£¬ÄÇôÔÒòÊÇÄãµÄÄÚºËûÓÐÅäÖÃ×ã¹»µÄÐźŵÆ×ÊÔ´¡£Postgres µÄÿ¸öDZ - Ôڵĺǫ́½ø³Ì¶¼ÐèÒªÒ»¸öÐźŵơ£Ò»¸öÁÙʱµÄ½â¾ö·½·¨ÊÇÒԱȽÏÉٵĺǫ́½ø³ÌÊý - £¨²ÎÊý£©Æô¶¯ postmaster¡£Ê¹Óÿª¹Ø /-N/ ´øÒ»¸öÉÙÓÚȱʡֵ 32 µÄ²ÎÊýÔËÐÐ - postmaster¡£¸ü³¤¾ÃµÄ½â¾ö·½·¨ÊǼӴóÄãµÄÄÚºËµÄ SEMMNS ºÍ SEMMNI ²ÎÊý¡£ + Ŀʱ£¬Äã×îÉÙÐèÒª~1MB¡£Óйع²ÏíÄÚ´æºÍÐźŵƵÄÏêϸÐÅÏ¢Çë²Î¿¼ PostgreSQL + Administrator's Guide ¡£ + + 3.4) µ±ÎÒÊÔͼÔËÐÐ postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ IpcSemaphoreCreate ´íÎó¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿ + + Èç¹û´íÎóÐÅÏ¢ÊÇ IpcSemaphoreCreate: semget failed (No space left on + device)£¬ÄÇôÔÒòÊÇÄãµÄÄÚºËûÓÐÅäÖÃ×ã¹»µÄÐźŵÆ×ÊÔ´¡£Postgres + µÄÿ¸öDZÔڵĺǫ́½ø³Ì¶¼ÐèÒªÒ»¸öÐźŵơ£Ò»¸öÁÙʱµÄ½â¾ö·½·¨ÊÇÒԱȽÏÉٵĺó + ̨½ø³ÌÊý£¨²ÎÊý£©Æô¶¯ postmaster¡£Ê¹Óÿª¹Ø -N ´øÒ»¸öÉÙÓÚȱʡֵ 32 + µÄ²ÎÊýÔËÐÐ postmaster¡£¸ü³¤¾ÃµÄ½â¾ö·½·¨ÊǼӴóÄãµÄÄÚºËµÄ SEMMNS ºÍ + SEMMNI ²ÎÊý¡£ + ÔÚÊý¾Ý¿â·ÃÎÊÁ¿ºÜ´óʱ£¬ÐźŵƲ»¿ÉÓÿÉÄܵ¼ÖÂϵͳ±ÀÀ£¡£ + Èç¹û´íÎóÐÅÏ¢ÊÇÆäËûµÄʲô¶«Î÷£¬Äã¿ÉÄܾ͸ù±¾Ã»ÓÐÔÚÄÚºËÀïÃæÅäÖÃÐźŵÆÖ§³Ö - ¡£ Óйع²ÏíÄÚ´æºÍÐźŵƵÄÏêϸÐÅÏ¢Çë²Î¿¼ PostgreSQL Administrator's - Guide www.postgresql.org/idocs/index.php?kernel-resources.html> ¡£ - 3.5) ÎÒÈçºÎ¿ØÖÆÀ´×ÔÆäËûÖ÷»úµÄÁ¬½Ó£¿ ȱʡʱ£¬PostgreSQL Ö»ÔÊÐíͨ¹ý unix - ÓòÌ×½Ó×ÖÀ´×Ô±¾»úµÄÁ¬½Ó¡£³ý·ÇÄãʹÓà /-i/ ¿ª¹ØÆô¶¯ - /postmaster/£¬*²¢ÇÒ*ͨ¹ý¶ÔÓ¦µÄ±à¼ /$PGDATA/pg_hba.conf/ + ¡£Óйع²ÏíÄÚ´æºÍÐźŵƵÄÏêϸÐÅÏ¢Çë²Î¿¼ PostgreSQL Administrator's + Guide ¡£ + + 3.5) ÎÒÈçºÎ¿ØÖÆÀ´×ÔÆäËûÖ÷»úµÄÁ¬½Ó£¿ + + ȱʡʱ£¬PostgreSQL Ö»ÔÊÐíͨ¹ý unix ÓòÌ×½Ó×ÖÀ´×Ô±¾»úµÄÁ¬½Ó¡£³ý·ÇÄãʹÓà + -i ¿ª¹ØÆô¶¯ postmaster£¬²¢ÇÒͨ¹ý¶ÔÓ¦µÄ±à¼ $PGDATA/pg_hba.conf Îļþ´ò¿ªÁËÖ÷»úΪ»ù´¡£¨ host-based - £©µÄÈÏÖ¤£¬·ñÔòÆäËû»úÆ÷ÊDz»ÄÜÓëÄãµÄ»úÆ÷ Á¬½ÓµÄ¡£ÕâÑù½«ÔÊÐí TCP/IP - Á¬½Ó¡£ 3.6) ÎÒÔõÑùµ÷ÕûÊý¾Ý¿âÒýÇæÒÔ»ñµÃ¸üºÃµÄÐÔÄÜ£¿ + £©µÄÈÏÖ¤£¬·ñÔòÆäËû»úÆ÷ÊDz»ÄÜÓëÄãµÄ»úÆ÷Á¬½ÓµÄ¡£ÕâÑù½«ÔÊÐí TCP/IP Á¬½Ó¡£ + + 3.6) ÎÒÔõÑùµ÷ÕûÊý¾Ý¿âÒýÇæÒÔ»ñµÃ¸üºÃµÄÐÔÄÜ£¿ + µ±È»£¬Ë÷Òý¿ÉÒÔ¼ÓËÙ²éѯ¡£EXPLAIN ÃüÁîÔÊÐíÄã¹Û²ì PostgreSQL - ÈçºÎ½âÊÍÄãµÄ²é ѯ£¬ÒÔ¼°Ê¹ÓÃÁËÄÄЩË÷Òý¡£ Èç¹ûÄãÕý´¦ÀíÒ»¶Ñ - INSERT£¬¿¼ÂÇʹÓà COPY ÃüÁîÒÔ´óÅúÁ¿µÄ·½Ê½½øÐС£ÕâÑù×ö±È µ¥¶ÀµÄÒ»¸ö¸ö - INSERT ¿ìµÃ¶à¡£Æä´Î£¬Ã»Óд¦ÓÚ BEGIN WORK/COMMIT ÊÂÎñ¿éÖ®¼ä - µÄÓï¾ä±»ÈÏΪÊôÓÚͬһ¸öÊÂÎñ¡£ÊÔ×ÅÔÚÒ»¸öÊÂÎñ¿éÀïÃæ´¦Àí¸ü¶àµÄÓï¾ä¡£ÕâÑù¿É - ÒÔ - ¼õÉÙÊÂÎñ´øÀ´µÄ¶îÍ⿪Ïú¡£Í¬Ñù£¬ÔÚ×ö´óÁ¿µÄÊý¾Ý¸Ä±äʱ¿¼ÂÇɾ³ýºÍÖؽ¨Ë÷Òý¡£ - »¹Óм¸¸öµ÷½ÚµÄÑ¡Ïî¿ÉÒÔʹÓá£Äã¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý´ø /-o -F/ Ñ¡ÏîÆô¶¯ postmaster - À´ ½ûÖ¹ fsync()¡£ÕâÑù½«±ÜÃâÿ´ÎÊÂÎñºóµ÷Óà /fsync() / - °ÑÊý¾Ýˢе½´ÅÅÌÉÏ¡£ Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔʹÓà postmaster -B - Ñ¡ÏîÔö¼Óºó¶Ë½ø³ÌʹÓõĹ²ÏíÄڴ滺³åµÄÊýÄ¿¡£Èç - ¹ûÄã°ÑÕâ¸ö²ÎÊýÉèÖõÃÌ«´ó£¬postmaster ¿ÉÄÜÎÞ·¨Æô¶¯£¬ÒòΪÄãÒѾ³¬¹ýÁËÄãµÄ - ÄÚºËÔÚ¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ¿Õ¼äÉϵÄÏÞÖÆ¡£Ã¿¸ö»º³åÇøÊÇ 8K ²¢ÇÒȱʡ 64 ¸ö»º³åÇø¡£ + ÈçºÎ½âÊÍÄãµÄ²éѯ£¬ÒÔ¼°Ê¹ÓÃÁËÄÄЩË÷Òý¡£ + + Èç¹ûÄãÕý´¦ÀíÒ»¶Ñ INSERT£¬¿¼ÂÇʹÓà COPY + ÃüÁîÒÔ´óÅúÁ¿µÄ·½Ê½½øÐС£ÕâÑù×ö±Èµ¥¶ÀµÄÒ»¸ö¸ö INSERT + ¿ìµÃ¶à¡£Æä´Î£¬Ã»Óд¦ÓÚ BEGIN WORK/COMMIT + ÊÂÎñ¿éÖ®¼äµÄÓï¾ä±»ÈÏΪÊôÓÚͬһ¸öÊÂÎñ¡£ÊÔ×ÅÔÚÒ»¸öÊÂÎñ¿éÀïÃæ´¦Àí¸ü¶àµÄÓï + ¾ä¡£ÕâÑù¿ÉÒÔ¼õÉÙÊÂÎñ´øÀ´µÄ¶îÍ⿪Ïú¡£Í¬Ñù£¬ÔÚ×ö´óÁ¿µÄÊý¾Ý¸Ä±äʱ¿¼ÂÇɾ³ý + ºÍÖؽ¨Ë÷Òý¡£ + + »¹Óм¸¸öµ÷½ÚµÄÑ¡Ïî¿ÉÒÔʹÓá£Äã¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý´ø -o -F Ñ¡ÏîÆô¶¯ postmaster + À´½ûÖ¹ fsync()¡£ÕâÑù½«±ÜÃâÿ´ÎÊÂÎñºóµ÷Óà fsync() °ÑÊý¾Ýˢе½´ÅÅÌÉÏ¡£ + + Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔʹÓà postmaster -B + Ñ¡ÏîÔö¼Óºó¶Ë½ø³ÌʹÓõĹ²ÏíÄڴ滺³åµÄÊýÄ¿¡£Èç¹ûÄã°ÑÕâ¸ö²ÎÊýÉèÖõÃÌ«´ó£¬ + postmaster ¿ÉÄÜÎÞ·¨Æô¶¯£¬ÒòΪÄãÒѾ­ + ³¬¹ýÁËÄãµÄÄÚºËÔÚ¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ¿Õ¼äÉϵÄÏÞÖÆ¡£Ã¿¸ö»º³åÇøÊÇ 8K ²¢ÇÒȱʡ 64 + ¸ö»º³åÇø¡£ + Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔʹÓúǫ́½ø³ÌµÄ -S - Ñ¡ÏîÀ´Ôö¼Óÿ¸öºǫ́½ø³ÌÓÃÓÚÁÙʱÅÅÐòÓõÄ×î´óÄÚ´æ ÊýÁ¿¡£-S - ÖµÊÇÒÔK×ֽڼƵģ¬È±Ê¡ÊÇ 512 £¨Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬512K£©¡£ Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔʹÓà CLUSTER - ÃüÁîÀ´°Ñ±íÀïµÄÊý¾Ý°´ÕÕij¸öË÷Òý½øÐоۼ¯´æ·Å¡£²ÎÔÄ CLUSTER - µÄÊÖ²áÒ³»ñÈ¡¸ü¶àϸ½Ú¡£ 3.7) PostgreSQL Àï¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃʲôÑùµÄµ÷ÊÔÌØÐÔ£¿ + Ñ¡ÏîÀ´Ôö¼Óÿ¸öºǫ́½ø³ÌÓÃÓÚÁÙʱÅÅÐòÓõÄ×î´óÄÚ´æÊýÁ¿¡£-S + ÖµÊÇÒÔK×ֽڼƵģ¬È±Ê¡ÊÇ 512 £¨Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬512K£©¡£ + + Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔʹÓà CLUSTER ÃüÁîÀ´°Ñ±íÀïµÄÊý¾Ý°´ÕÕij¸öË÷Òý½øÐоۼ¯´æ·Å¡£²ÎÔÄ + CLUSTER µÄÊÖ²áÒ³»ñÈ¡¸ü¶àϸ½Ú¡£ + + 3.7) PostgreSQL Àï¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃʲôÑùµÄµ÷ÊÔÌØÐÔ£¿ + PostgreSQL Óм¸¸öÌØÐÔÓÃÓÚ±¨¸æ״̬ÐÅÏ¢£¬ÕâЩÐÅÏ¢¿ÉÄܶԵ÷ÊÔÓÃ;ºÜÓаïÖú¡£ - Ê×ÏÈ£¬Í¨¹ý¸½´ø --enable-cassert Ñ¡ÏîÔËÐÐ configure£¬Óкܶà /assert()/ - ¼à ¿Øºǫ́½ø³ÌºÍÔÚ·¢ÉúijЩδÔøÔ¤ÁϵÄÏÖÏóʱֹͣ³ÌÐòÔËÐС£ postmaster ºÍ - postgres ¶¼ÓÐһЩ¿ÉÓõÄÑ¡Ïî¡£Ê×ÏÈ£¬µ±ÄãÆô¶¯ postmaster - ʱ£¬È·±£Äã°Ñ±ê×¼Êä³öºÍ±ê×¼´íÎóÊä³ö¶¨Ïòµ½ÁËÒ»¸öÈÕÖ¾ÎļþÀïÈ¥ÁË£¬Ïó£º cd - /usr/local/pgsql ./bin/postmaster >server.log 2>&1 & ÕâÑù½«ÔÚ - PostgreSQL ¶¥¼¶Ä¿Â¼ÏÂÊä³öÒ»¸ö server.log Îļþ¡£Õâ¸öÎļþ°üº¬·þÎñ - Æ÷Åöµ½µÄÎÊÌâºÍ´íÎóµÄÓÐÓÃÐÅÏ¢¡£postmaster ÓÐÒ»¸ö -d - Ñ¡Ï¸ÃÑ¡ÏîÔÊÐíÎÒÃÇ »ñµÃ¸ü¶àµÄϸ½Ú»ã±¨¡£-d - Ñ¡Ïî½ÓÊÜÒ»¸öÊý×Ö±êÃ÷µ÷ÊÔ¼¶±ð¡£ÐèÒª¾¯¸æµÄÊǸߵĵ÷ - ÊÔ¼¶±ð¿ÉÄÜ»áÉú³É¾Þ´óµÄÈÕÖ¾Îļþ¡£ Èç¹û postmaster - ûÓÐÔËÐУ¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÖ±½ÓÔÚÃüÁîÐÐÉÏÆô¶¯ postgres ºǫ́½ø³Ì£¬È» ºóÖ±½Ó¼üÈë - SQL Óï¾ä¡£ÎÒÃÇ*Ö»* ÍƼöÔÚµ÷ÊÔµÄʱºòÕâô¸É¡£Çë×¢ÒâÕâʱÓû»ÐÐÜÞ - ¶ø²»ÊǷֺűíʾÓï¾ä½áβ¡£Èç¹ûÄã´ø×ŵ÷ÊÔ·ûºÅ±àÒ룬Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÒ»¸öµ÷ÊÔÆ÷¹Û - ¿´ ·¢ÉúÁËʲôÊÂÇé¡£ÒòΪºǫ́½ø³ÌûÓÐÓÉ postmaster - Æô¶¯µÄ£¬Ëü²»ÊǺÍʵ¼ÊµÄÔËÐÐ - »·¾³Ò»Ö£¬¶øÇÒËø¶¨/ºǫ́½»»¥ÎÊÌâ¿ÉÄܲ»ÄÜÖØÏÖ¡£ Èç¹û postmaster ÒѾ­ - ÔËÐУ¬¿ÉÔÚÒ»¸ö´°¿ÚÖÐÆô¶¯ /psql/£¬È»ºóÕÒ³ö /psql/ ¶Ô Ó¦µÄ /postgres/ - ½ø³ÌµÄ PID¡£Ê¹ÓÃÒ»¸öµ÷ÊÔÆ÷¸½×ÅÔÚÕâ¸ö /postgres /PID ÉÏ¡£ - Äã¿ÉÒÔÔÚµ÷ÊÔÆ÷ÀïÉèÖöϵ㲢ÇÒ´Ó /psql/ ÀïÖ´Ðвéѯ¡£Èç¹ûÄãÔÚµ÷ÊÔ - /postgres/ µÄÆô¶¯£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÉèÖà PGOPTIONS="-W n"£¬È»ºóÆô¶¯ - /psql/¡£ÕâÑù½« µ¼ÖÂÆô¶¯ÑÓ³Ù /n/ - Ã룬ÕâÑùÄã¾Í¿ÉÒÔ¸½¼ÓÒ»¸öµ÷ÊÔÆ÷²¢ÇÒ¸ú×ÙÆô¶¯Ë³ÐòµÄ¹ý³Ì¡£ postgres ³ÌÐòÓÐ - -s£¬-A£¬ºÍ -t Ñ¡Ïî¿ÉÄÜÔÚµ÷ÊÔºÍÐÔÄܲâÁ¿µÄʱºò·Ç³£ÓÐÓᣠÄ㻹¿ÉÒÔ´ø - profiling Ö§³Ö±àÒëºǫ́£¬ÒÔ±ã¹Û²ìÄÄЩº¯ÊýÕ¼ÓõÄÖ´ÐÐʱ¼ä½Ï¶à¡£ profile - Îļþ½«·ÅÔÚ pgsql/data/base/dbname Ŀ¼Ï¡£¿Í»§¶Ë profile Îļþ½« - ·ÅÔÚ¿Í»§¶Ëµ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼Ï¡£ÔÚ Linux ÏÂÖ§³Ö profiling ÒªÔÚ±àÒëʱ¼ÓÉÏ/- - DLINUX_PROFILE / ¡£ 3.8) ΪʲôÔÚÊÔͼÁ¬½ÓµÇ¼ʱÊÕµ½¡°Sorry, too many - clients¡±ÏûÏ¢£¿ ÄãÐèÒªÔö´ó postmaster Æô¶¯Ê±Ö§³ÖµÄ²¢·¢ºǫ́½ø³ÌÊý¡£ - ȱʡÏÞÖÆÊÇ 32 ½ø³Ì¡£Äã¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý´ø×ÅÊʵ±µÄ /-N/ Öµ¿ª¹ØÆô¶¯ postmaster - Ôö¼Ó Õâ¸öÊýÄ¿¡£»òÕßÐÞ¸Ä /postgresql.conf/ Îļþ¡£ ҪעÒâÈç¹ûÄã°Ñ /-N/ - ÉèÖÃΪ´óÓÚ 32£¬Äã±ØÐëͬÑùÔö´ó /-B/£¬³¬¹ýËüȱʡµÄ 64£»-B ±ØÐë×îÉÙÊÇ -N - µÄÁ½±¶£¬¶øÇÒΪÁ˸üºÃµÄÐÔÄÜ¿ÉÄÜÒª±ÈÄǸöÊý×ÖÒª´ó¡£¶Ô - ÓÚ´óÊýÄ¿µÄºó¶Ë½ø³Ì£¬Äã¿ÉÄÜ»¹»á·¢ÏÖÄ㻹ÐèÒªÔö¼ÓÐí¶à Unix - ÄÚºËÅäÖòÎÊýÖµ¡£ - Òª¼ì²éµÄ¶«Î÷°üÀ¨¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ¿éµÄ×î´ó³ß´ç£¬SHMMAX£¬ÐźŵƵÄ×î´óÊýÄ¿£¬SEMMNS - ºÍ - SEMMNI£¬×î´óµÄ½ø³ÌÊý£¬NPROC£¬µ¥Óû§×î´ó½ø³ÌÊý£¬MAXUPRC£¬ÒÔ¼°´ò¿ªÎļþ - µÄ×î´óÊýÄ¿£¬NFILE ºÍ NINODE ¡£Postgres ¶ÔÔÊÐíµÄºǫ́½ø³ÌÊýÓÐÏÞÖƵÄÔÒòÊÇ - ΪÁËÈ·±£ÄãµÄϵͳ²»»áÓùâ×ÊÔ´¡£ ÔÚ Postgres ÔçÓÚ 6.5 - µÄ°æ±¾£¬×î´óºǫ́½ø³ÌÊýȱʡÊÇ 64£¬²¢ÇÒ¶ÔËüµÄÐÞ¸ÄÊ×ÏÈ ÐèÒªÐÞ¸Ä - /include/storage/sinvaladt.h/ ÀïµÄ MaxBackendId ³£Á¿£¬È»ºóÖØРBUILD¡£ - 3.9) pgsql_tmp Ŀ¼ÀﶼÓÐЩʲô£¿ - ¸ÃĿ¼Ï±£´æÁ˲éѯִÐÐÆ÷Éú³ÉµÄÁÙʱÎļþ¡£ÀýÈ磬Èç¹ûÐèҪΪÂú×ã ORDER BY - Ìõ ¼þ×öÅÅÐò£¬²¢ÇÒÅÅÐòÐèÒª±Èºǫ́µÄ -S - ²ÎÊý¸ø³öµÄ¸ü¶àµÄ¿Õ¼ä£¬ÄÇô¾Í»á´´½¨Ò»¸ö ÁÙʱÎļþ±£´æ¶à³öÀ´µÄÊý¾Ý¡£ - ÁÙʱÎļþÓ¦¸Ã×Ô¶¯É¾³ý£¬²»¹ýÈç¹ûÔÚÅÅÐò¹ý³ÌÖкǫ́±ÀÀ£Á˾ͿÉÄÜÁôÏÂÀ´¡£Í£Ö¹ - ²¢ ÖØÆð postmaster ½«»áɾ³ýÕâЩÎļþ¡£ 3.10) ΪʲôҪÔÚÉý¼¶ PostgreSQL - ·¢²¼°æ±¾Ê±×ö dump ºÍ restore £¿ PostgreSQL - ¿ª·¢×é¶Ôÿ´ÎСµÄÉý¼¶½ö×öÁ˽ÏÉÙµÄÐÞ¸Ä,Òò´Ë´Ó 7.2 Éý¼¶µ½ 7.2.1 ²»ÐèÒª - dump ºÍ restore¡£µ«ÊÇÖ÷ÒªµÄÉý¼¶£¨ÀýÈç´Ó 7.2 µ½ 7.3£©Í¨³£»áÐÞ¸Äϵ - ͳ±íºÍÊý¾Ý±íµÄÄÚ²¿¸ñʽ¡£ÕâЩ±ä»¯Ò»°ã±È½Ï¸´ÔÓ£¬Òò´ËÎÒÃDz»Î¬Êý¾ÝÎļþµÄÏò - ºó ¼æÈÝ¡£dump - ½«Êý¾Ý°´ÕÕͨÓõĸñʽÊä³ö£¬Ëæºó¿ÉÒÔ±»ÖØмÓÔز¢Ê¹ÓÃеÄÄÚ²¿¸ñʽ¡£ - ´ÅÅÌÎļþ¸ñʽûÓб仯µÄÉý¼¶£¬¿ÉÒÔÓà /pg_upgrade/ ½Å±¾£¬¶ø²»ÐèÒª×ö dump - ºÍ restor¡£·¢²¼ËµÃ÷script »áÖ¸Ã÷ /pg_upgrade/ ¶Ô¸Ã´ÎÉý¼¶ÊÇ·ñ¿ÉÓᣠ- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - -- ²Ù×÷ÎÊÌâ 4.1) ¶þ½øÖÆÓαêºÍÆÕͨÓαêÖ®¼äµÄÇø±ðÊÇʲô£¿ ²ÎÔÄ DECLARE - ÊÖ²áÒ³»ñÈ¡ÐÅÏ¢¡£ 4.2)ÈçºÎÖ» SELECT Ò»¸ö²éѯ½á¹ûµÄÍ·¼¸ÐУ¿ ²ÎÔÄ FETCH - ÊÖ²áÒ³£¬»òÕßʹÓà SELECT ... LIMIT.... - ¼´Ê¹ÄãÖ»ÐèÒª¿ªÍ·µÄ¼¸ÐУ¬Ò²»áÉæ¼°µ½Õû¸ö²éѯ¡£ÊÔ×ÅʹÓôøÓÐ ORDER BY µÄ²é - ѯ¡£Èç¹ûÓÐÒ»¸öË÷ÒýÓë ORDER BY Æ¥Å䣬PostgreSQL - ¿ÉÄܾÍÖ»´¦ÀíÒªÇóµÄÍ·¼¸Ìõ - ¼Ç¼£¬·ñÔò½«¶ÔÕû¸ö²éѯ½øÐд¦ÀíÖ±µ½Éú³ÉÐèÒªµÄÐС£ 4.3) - ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñÈ¡Ò»¸ö±íµÄÁÐ±í£¬»òÕßÊÇÆäËûÎÒÄÜÔÚ /psql/ Àï¿´µ½µÄ¶«Î÷£¿ - Äã¿ÉÒÔÔĶÁ /psql/ µÄÔ´´úÂëÎļþ/pgsql/src/bin/psql/describe.c/ - ¡£Ëü°üÀ¨Îª Éú³É psql µÄ·´Ð±¸ÜÃüÁîµÄÊä³öµÄ SQL ÃüÁî¡£Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔ´ø /-E/ - Ñ¡ÏîÆô¶¯ /psql/£¬ÕâÑùËü½«´òÓ¡³öÖ´ÐÐÄã¸ø³öµÄÃüÁîËùÓõIJéѯ¡£ 4.4) - ÔõÑù´Ó±íÀïÃæɾ³ýÒ»ÁУ¿ 7.3 ÀïÔö¼ÓÁË ALTER TABLE DROP - COLUMN£¬ÒÔÖ§³Ö´ËÏÄÜ¡£ÔÚÒÔÇ°µÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬¿É ÒÔÕâÑù×ö£º BEGIN; LOCK - TABLE old_table; SELECT ... -- select all columns but the one you want - to remove INTO TABLE new_table FROM old_table; DROP TABLE old_table; - ALTER TABLE new_table RENAME TO old_table; COMMIT; 4.5) - Ò»ÐУ¬Ò»¸ö±í£¬Ò»¸ö¿âµÄ×î´ó³ß´çÊǶàÉÙ£¿ ÏÂÃæÊÇһЩÏÞÖÆ£º - Ò»¸öÊý¾Ý¿â×î´ó³ß´ç£¿ ÎÞÏÞÖÆ£¨´æÔÚ 1TB µÄÊý¾Ý¿â£© Ò»¸ö±íµÄ×î´ó³ß´ç£¿ - 16TB Ò»ÐеÄ×î´ó³ß´ç£¿ 1.6TB Ò»¸ö×ֶεÄ×î´ó³ß´ç? 1GB Ò»¸ö±íÀï×î´óÐÐÊý£¿ - ÎÞÏÞÖÆ Ò»¸ö±íÀï×î´óÁÐÊý£¿ ¸úÁÐÀàÐÍÓйØ,250-1600 - Ò»¸ö±íÀïµÄ×î´óË÷ÒýÊýÁ¿£¿ÎÞÏÞÖÆ - µ±È»£¬Êµ¼ÊÉÏûÓÐÕæÕýµÄÎÞÏÞÖÆ£¬»¹ÊÇÒªÊÜ¿ÉÓôÅÅ̿ռ䡢¿ÉÓÃÄÚ´æ/½»»»ÇøµÄÖ - ÆÔ¼¡£ ±íµÄ×î´ó³ß´ç 16 TB ²»ÐèÒª²Ù×÷ϵͳ¶Ô´óÎļþµÄÖ§³Ö¡£´ó±íÓöà¸ö 1 GB - µÄÎļþ ´æ´¢£¬Òò´ËÎļþϵͳ³ß´çµÄÏÞÖÆÊDz»ÖØÒªµÄ¡£ Èç¹ûȱʡµÄ¿é´óСÔö³¤µ½ - 32K £¬×î´óµÄ±í³ß´çºÍ×î´óÁÐÊý¿ÉÒÔÔö¼Ó¡£ - 4.6)´æ´¢Ò»¸öµäÐ͵ÄƽÃæÎļþÀïµÄÊý¾ÝÐèÒª¶àÉÙ´ÅÅ̿ռ䣿 Ò»¸ö Postgres - Êý¾Ý¿â×î¶à¿ÉÄÜÐèÒªÏ൱ÓÚÔÚÒ»¸öƽÃæÎļþÀï´æ´¢ÏàͬÊý¾ÝµÄ5±¶ µÄ´ÅÅ̿ռ䡣 - ÀýÈ磬¼ÙÉèÓÐÒ»¸ö 100,000 - ÐеÄÎļþ£¬Ã¿ÐÐÓÐÒ»¸öÕûÊýºÍÒ»¸öÎı¾ÃèÊö¡£¼ÙÉèÎÄ - ±¾´®µÄƽ¾ù³¤¶Èλ20×Ö½Ú¡£Æ½ÃæÎļþÕ¼Óà 2.8 MB¡£´æ·ÅÕâЩÊý¾ÝµÄ PostgreSQL - Êý¾Ý¿âÎļþ´óÔ¼ÊÇ 6.4 MB: 36 ×Ö½Ú: ÿÐеÄÍ·£¨¹À¼ÆÖµ£© 24 ×Ö½Ú: - Ò»¸öint×ֶκÍÒ»¸öÎı¾ÐÍ×ֶΠ+ 4 ×Ö½Ú: Ò³ÃæÄÚÖ¸ÏòÔª×éµÄÖ¸Õë - ---------------------------------------- 64 ×Ö½ÚÿÐÐ PostgreSQL - Êý¾ÝÒ³µÄ´óСÊÇ 8192 ×Ö½Ú (8 KB)£¬Ôò£º 8192 ×Ö½Úÿҳ - ------------------- = 128 ÐÐ/Êý¾ÝÒ³£¨ÏòÏÂÈ¡Õû£© 64 ×Ö½ÚÿÐÐ 100000 - Êý¾ÝÐÐ -------------------- = 782 Êý¾ÝÒ³£¨ÏòÉÏÈ¡Õû£© 128 ÐÐÿҳ 782 - Êý¾ÝÒ³ * 8192 ×Ö½Ú/Ò³ = 6,406,144 ×Ö½Ú£¨6.4 MB£© - Ë÷Òý²»ÐèÒªÕâô¶àµÄ¶îÍâÏûºÄ£¬µ«Ò²È·Êµ°üÀ¨±»Ë÷ÒýµÄÊý¾Ý£¬Òò´ËËüÃÇÒ²¿ÉÄÜºÜ - ´ó¡£ ¿ÕÖµ´æ·ÅÔÚλͼÖУ¬Òò´ËÕ¼ÓúÜÉٵĿռ䡣 4.7) - ÈçºÎ²é¿´±í¡¢Ë÷Òý¡¢Êý¾Ý¿âÒÔ¼°Óû§µÄ¶¨Ò壿 / psql/ - ÓÐÐí¶à·´Ð±¸ÜÃüÁîÓÃÓÚÏÔʾÕâЩÐÅÏ¢¡£Óà \? ¿´¿´¶¼ÓÐÄÄЩ¡£ÒÔ pg_ ´ò - Í·µÄϵͳ±íÒ²ÃèÊöÁËÕâЩÐÅÏ¢¡£ psql -l ¿ÉÒÔÁгöËùÓеÄÊý¾Ý¿â¡£ - Ò²¿ÉÒÔÊÔÊÔÎļþ - /pgsql/src/tutorial/syscat.source/¡£ËüÑÝʾÁËÐí¶à´ÓÊý¾Ý¿â - ϵͳ±íÀï»ñÈ¡ÐÅÏ¢ÐèÒªµÄ SELECT¡£ 4.8) - ÎҵIJéѯºÜÂý»òÕßûÓÐÀûÓÃË÷Òý¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿ - ²¢·Çÿ¸ö²éѯ¶¼»á×Ô¶¯Ê¹ÓÃË÷Òý¡£Ö»ÓÐÔÚ±íµÄ´óС³¬¹ýÒ»¸ö×îСֵ£¬²¢ÇÒ²éѯֻ - Ñ¡ - Ôñ±íÖнÏС±ÈÀýµÄÐÐʱ²ÉÓÃʹÓÃË÷Òý¡£ÕâÊÇÒòΪË÷ÒýɨÃèÒýÆðµÄËæ¼´´ÅÅÌ´æÈ¡¿É - ÄÜ ±ÈÖ±½ÓµØ¶ÁÈ¡±í£¨Ë³ÐòɨÃ裩¸üÂý¡£ÎªÁËÅжÏÊÇ·ñʹÓÃË÷Òý£¬PostgreSQL - ±ØÐë»ñ µÃÓйرíµÄͳ¼ÆÖµ¡£ÕâЩͳ¼ÆÖµ¿ÉÒÔʹÓà VACUUM ANALYZE£¬»ò ANALYZE - »ñµÃ¡£Ê¹ - ÓÃͳ¼ÆÖµ£¬ÓÅ»¯Æ÷ÖªµÀ±íÖÐÓжàÉÙÐУ¬¾ÍÄܹ»¸üºÃµØÅжÏÊÇ·ñÀûÓÃË÷Òý¡£Í³¼ÆÖµ - ¶Ô - È·¶¨ÓÅ»¯µÄÁ¬½Ó˳ÐòºÍÁ¬½Ó·½·¨Ò²ºÜÓÐÓá£ÔÚ±íµÄÄÚÈÝ·¢Éú±ä»¯Ê±£¬Ó¦¶¨ÆÚ½øÐÐ - ͳ ¼ÆÖµµÄ»ñÈ¡¡£ Ë÷Òýͨ³£²»ÓÃÓÚ ORDER BY - »òÖ´ÐÐÁ¬½Ó¡£¶ÔÒ»¸ö´ó±íµÄÒ»´Î˳ÐòɨÃ裬ÔÙ×öÒ»¸öÏÔ - ʽµÄÅÅÐòͨ³£±ÈË÷ÒýɨÃèÒª¿ì¡£ µ«ÊÇ£¬ÔÚ LIMIT ºÍ ORDER BY ½áºÏʹÓÃʱ¾­ - ³£»áʹÓÃË÷Òý£¬ÒòΪֻ»á·µ»Ø±íµÄÒ» С²¿·Ö¡£Êµ¼ÊÉÏ£¬ËäÈ» MAX() ºÍ MIN() - ²¢²»Ê¹ÓÃË÷Òý£¬Í¨¹ý¶Ô ORDER BY ºÍ LLIMIT - ʹÓÃË÷ÒýÈ¡µÃ×î´óÖµºÍ×îСֵҲÊÇ¿ÉÒԵģº SELECT col FROM tab ORDER BY - col [ DESC ] LIMIT 1; µ±Ê¹ÓÃͨÅä·û²Ù×÷£¬ÀýÈç LIKE »ò ~ - ʱ£¬Ë÷ÒýÖ»ÄÜÔÚÌض¨µÄÇé¿öÏÂʹÓ㺠* - ×Ö·û´®µÄ¿ªÊ¼²¿·Ö±ØÐëÊÇÆÕͨ×Ö·û´®£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£º o LIKE ģʽ²»ÄÜÒÔ % - ´òÍ·¡£ o ~ £¨ÕýÔò±í´ïʽ£©Ä£Ê½±ØÐëÒÔ ^ ´òÍ·¡£ * - ×Ö·û´®²»ÄÜÒÔÆ¥Åä¶à¸ö×Ö·ûµÄģʽÀà´òÍ·£¬ÀýÈç [a-e]¡£ * - ´óСдÎ޹صIJéÕÒ£¬Èç ILIKE ºÍ ~* µÈ²»Ê¹ÓÃË÷Òý¡£µ«¿ÉÒÔÓà 4.12 ½ÚÃè - ÊöµÄº¯ÊýË÷Òý¡£ * ÔÚ×ö initdb ʱ±ØÐë²ÉÓÃȱʡµÄ±¾µØÉèÖà C locale¡£ 4.9) - ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜ¿´µ½²éѯÓÅ»¯Æ÷ÊÇÔõÑù´¦ÀíÎҵIJéѯµÄ£¿ ²Î¿¼ EXPLAIN ÊÖ²áÒ³¡£ - 4.10) R-tree Ë÷ÒýÊÇʲô£¿ R-tree - Ë÷ÒýÓÃÓÚË÷Òý¿Õ¼äÊý¾Ý¡£Ò»¸ö¹þÏ£Ë÷ÒýÎÞ·¨´¦Àí·¶Î§ËÑË÷¡£¶ø B-tree Ë÷ - ÒýÖ»ÄÜ´¦ÀíһάµÄ·¶Î§ËÑË÷¡£R-tree - Ë÷Òý¿ÉÒÔ´¦Àí¶àάÊý¾Ý¡£ÀýÈ磬Èç¹û¿ÉÒÔÔÚ Ò»¸öÀàÐÍΪ point - µÄ×Ö¶ÎÉϽ¨Á¢Ò»¸ö R-tree Ë÷Òý£¬ÄÇôϵͳÄܸü¸ßЧµØ»Ø´ðÀà ËÆ - ¡°Ñ¡ÔñÔÚÒ»¸ö³¤·½Ðη¶Î§ÄÚµÄËùÓе㡱¡£ ÃèÊö×î³õµÄ R-Tree - Éè¼ÆµÄÕýʽÂÛÎÄÊÇ£º Guttman, A. "R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure for - Spatial Searching." Proc of the 1984 ACM SIGMOD Int'l Conf on Mgmt of - Data, 45-57. Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔÔÚ Stonebraker µÄ¡°Readings in Database - Systems¡±ÀïÕÒµ½ÕâƪÎÄÕ¡£ ϵͳÄÚÖÃµÄ R-Tree - ¿ÉÒÔ´¦Àí¶à±ßÐκͷ½ÐΡ£ÀíÂÛÉÏ˵£¬R-tree ¿ÉÒÔÀ©Õ¹Îª´¦Àí - ¸ü¶àάÊý¡£²»¹ýÔÚʵ¼ùÉÏ£¬À©Õ¹ R-trees - ÐèÒªÒ»¶¨µÄ¹¤×÷Á¿£¬¶øÎÒÃÇĿǰûÓÐÈç ºÎ×öµÄÎĵµ¡£ 4.11) - ʲôÊÇ»ùÒò²éѯÓÅ»¯£¨Genetic Query Optimization£©£¿ GEQO - Ä£¿é²ÉÓûùÒòËã·¨£¨Genetic Algorithm£¬GA£©¼Ó¿ì¶à±íÁ¬½ÓµÄ²éѯÓÅ»¯¡£Ëü - ÔÊÐíͨ¹ý·ÇÇî¾ÙËÑË÷´¦Àí´óµÄÁ¬½Ó²éѯ¡£ 4.12) - ÎÒÔõÑù×öÕýÔò±í´ïʽËÑË÷ºÍ´óСдÎ޹صÄÕýÔò±í´ïʽËÑË÷£¿ÔõÑùÀû - ÓÃË÷Òý½øÐдóСдÎÞ¹ØËÑË÷£¿ ²Ù×÷·û ~ ´¦ÀíÕýÔò±í´ïʽƥÅ䣬¶ø ~* - ´¦Àí´óСдÎ޹صÄÕýÔò±í´ïʽƥÅä¡£´óд ЩÎÞ¹ØµÄ LIKE ±äÖÖ³ÉΪ ILIKE¡£ - ´óСдÎ޹صĵÈʽ±È½Ïͨ³£Ð´×ö£º SELECT * FROM tab WHERE lower(col) = - 'abc'; ÕâÑù½«²»»áʹÓñê×¼µÄË÷Òý¡£µ«ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔ´´½¨Ò»¸ö¿É±»ÀûÓõĺ¯ÊýË÷Òý: - CREATE INDEX tabindex ON tab (lower(col)); 4.13) - ÔÚÒ»¸ö²éѯÀÎÒÔõÑù¼ì²âÒ»¸ö×Ö¶ÎÊÇ·ñΪ NULL£¿ Óà IS NULL ºÍ IS NOT - NULL ²âÊÔÕâ¸ö×ֶΡ£ 4.14) ¸÷ÖÖ×Ö·ûÀàÐÍÖ®¼äÓÐʲô²»Í¬£¿ ÀàÐÍ ÄÚ²¿Ãû³Æ - ˵Ã÷ -------------------------------------------------- "char" char - 1¸ö×Ö·û character CHAR(#) bpchar - ¶¨³¤×Ö·û´®£¬Êµ¼ÊÊý¾Ý²»×㶨Ò峤¶Èʱ£¬ÒÔ¿Õ¸ñ²¹Æë VARCHAR(#) varchar - Ö¸¶¨ÁË×î´ó³¤¶È£¬±ä³¤×Ö·û´®£¬²»×㶨Ò峤¶ÈµÄ²¿·Ö ²»²¹Æë TEXT text - ´®³¤¶È½öÊÜÐеÄ×î´ó³¤¶ÈÏÞÖÆ BYTEA bytea - ±ä³¤×Ö½ÚÐòÁУ¨±ä³¤µÄ¶þ½øÖÆÊý¾Ý£© - ÔÚϵͳ±íºÍÔÚһЩ´íÎóÐÅÏ¢ÀïÄ㽫¿´µ½ÄÚ²¿Ãû³Æ¡£ - ÉÏÃæ×îºóËÄÖÖÀàÐÍÊÇ"varlena"£¨±ä³¤£©ÀàÐÍ£¨Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬¿ªÍ·µÄËĸö×Ö½ÚÊdz¤ - ¶È£¬ºóÃæ²ÅÊÇÊý¾Ý£©¡£ÓÚÊÇʵ¼ÊÕ¼ÓõĿռä±ÈÉùÃ÷µÄ´óСҪ¶àһЩ¡£È»¶øÕâЩÀà - ÐÍ ¶¼¿ÉÒÔ±»Ñ¹Ëõ´æ´¢£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÓà TOAST - ÍÑ»ú´æ´¢£¬Òò´Ë´ÅÅÌ¿Õ¼äÒ²¿ÉÄܱÈÔ¤ÏëµÄÒªÉÙ¡£ CHAR(n) - ×îÊʺÏÓÚ´æ´¢³¤¶È»ù±¾²î²»¶àµÄ×Ö·û´®¡£VARCHAR(n) ÔÚ´æ´¢ÏÞÖÆÁË×î´ó - ³¤¶ÈµÄ±ä³¤×Ö·û´®ÊÇ×îºÃµÄ¡£TEXT ÊÊÓÃÓÚ´æ´¢²»ÏÞÖƳ¤¶ÈµÄ×Ö·û´®£¬×î´ó¿É´ï - 1G¡£BYTEA ÓÃÓÚ´æ´¢¶þ½øÖÆÊý¾Ý£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇ°üº¬ NULL - ×Ö½Ú£¨¶þ½øÖƵÄ0£©µÄÖµ¡£Õâ ЩÀàÐ;ßÓÐÀàÐ͵ÄÐÔÄÜ¡£ 4.15.1) - ÎÒÔõÑù´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁкÅ/×Ô¶¯µÝÔöµÄ×ֶΣ¿ PostgreSQL Ö§³Ö SERIAL - Êý¾ÝÀàÐÍ¡£ËüÔÚ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ×Ô¶¯´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁкÍË÷Òý¡£ÀýÈ磬 CREATE TABLE person - ( id SERIAL, name TEXT ); »á×Ô¶¯×ª»»Îª£º CREATE SEQUENCE - person_id_seq; CREATE TABLE person ( id INT4 NOT NULL DEFAULT - nextval('person_id_seq'), name TEXT ); CREATE UNIQUE INDEX - person_id_key ON person ( id ); ²Î¿¼ create_sequence - ÊÖ²áÒ³»ñÈ¡¹ØÓÚÐòÁеĸü¶àÐÅÏ¢¡£Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔÓÃÿÐÐµÄ oid - ×Ö¶Î×÷Ϊһ¸öΨһֵ¡£²»¹ý£¬Èç¹ûÄãÐèÒªÇãµ¹ºÍÖØÔØÊý¾Ý¿â£¬ÄãÐèҪʹÓà - pg_dump µÄ -o Ñ¡Ïî»òÕß COPY WITH OIDS Ñ¡ÏîÒÔ±£Áô OID¡£ 4.15.2) - ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñµÃÒ»¸ö²åÈëµÄÐòÁкŵÄÖµ£¿ Ò»ÖÖ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ²åÈë֮ǰÏÈÓú¯Êý - nextval() ´ÓÐòÁжÔÏóÀï¼ìË÷³öÏÂÒ»¸ö SERIAL Öµ£¬È»ºóÔÙÏÔʽ²åÈ롣ʹÓà - 4.15.1 <#4.15.1> ÀïµÄÀý±í£¬¿ÉÓÃαÂëÕâÑùÃèÊö£º new_id = execute("SELECT - nextval('person_id_seq')"); execute("INSERT INTO person (id, name) - VALUES (new_id, 'Blaise Pascal')"); ÕâÑù»¹ÄÜÔÚÆäËû²éѯÖÐʹÓôæ·ÅÔÚ - new_id ÀïµÄÐÂÖµ£¨ÀýÈ磬×÷Ϊ person ±íµÄÍâ ¼ü£©¡£×¢Òâ×Ô¶¯´´½¨µÄ - SEQUENCE ¶ÔÏóµÄÃû³Æ½«»áÊÇ - __seq£¬ÕâÀï table ºÍ serialcolumn ·Ö±ðÊÇÄãµÄ±íµÄÃû ³ÆºÍÄãµÄ SERIAL - ×ֶεÄÃû³Æ¡£ ÀàËƵģ¬ÔÚ SERIAL ¶ÔÏóȱʡ²åÈëºóÄã¿ÉÒÔÓú¯Êý currval() - ¼ìË÷¸Õ¸³ÖµµÄ SERIAL Öµ£¬ÀýÈ磬 execute("INSERT INTO person (name) - VALUES ('Blaise Pascal')"); new_id = execute("SELECT - currval('person_id_seq')"); ×îºó£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃ´Ó INSERT Óï¾ä·µ»ØµÄ OID - <4.16> ²éÕÒȱʡֵ£¬¾¡¹ÜÕâ¿ÉÄÜÊÇ ×îȱ·¦ÒÆÖ²ÐԵķ½·¨¡£ÔÚ Perl - ÀʹÓôøÓÐ Edmund Mergl µÄ DBD::Pg Ä£¿éµÄ DBI£¬oid Öµ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý - $sth->execute() ºóµÄ $sth->{pg_oid_status} »ñµÃ¡£ 4.15.3) ʹÓà - currval() ºÍ nextval() »áµ¼ÖÂÒ»¸öÓëÆäËûÓû§Ö®¼äµÄÎÉ ÂÒÇé¿öÂ𣿠- ²»»á¡£currval() ·µ»Øºǫ́½ø³Ì¶ø²»ÊÇËùÓÐÓû§¸³ÓèµÄµ±Ç°Öµ¡£ 4.15.4) - Ϊʲô²»ÔÚÊÂÎñÒì³£ÖÐÖ¹ºóÖØÓÃÐòÁкÅÄØ£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´ÔÚÐòÁкÅ×ֶΠ- µÄÈ¡ÖµÖдæÔÚ¼ä¶ÏÄØ£¿ + Ê×ÏÈ£¬Í¨¹ý¸½´ø --enable-cassert Ñ¡ÏîÔËÐÐ configure£¬Óкܶà assert() + ¼à¿Øºǫ́½ø³ÌºÍÔÚ·¢ÉúijЩδÔøÔ¤ÁϵÄÏÖÏóʱֹͣ³ÌÐòÔËÐС£ + + postmaster ºÍ postgres ¶¼ÓÐһЩ¿ÉÓõÄÑ¡Ïî¡£Ê×ÏÈ£¬µ±ÄãÆô¶¯ postmaster + ʱ£¬È·±£Äã°Ñ±ê×¼Êä³öºÍ±ê×¼´íÎóÊä³ö¶¨Ïòµ½ÁËÒ»¸öÈÕÖ¾ÎļþÀïÈ¥ÁË£¬Ïó£º + cd /usr/local/pgsql + ./bin/postmaster >server.log 2>&1 & + + ÕâÑù½«ÔÚ PostgreSQL ¶¥¼¶Ä¿Â¼ÏÂÊä³öÒ»¸ö server.log + Îļþ¡£Õâ¸öÎļþ°üº¬·þÎñÆ÷Åöµ½µÄÎÊÌâºÍ´íÎóµÄÓÐÓÃÐÅÏ¢¡£postmaster ÓÐÒ»¸ö + -d Ñ¡Ï¸ÃÑ¡ÏîÔÊÐíÎÒÃÇ»ñµÃ¸ü¶àµÄϸ½Ú»ã±¨¡£-d + Ñ¡Ïî½ÓÊÜÒ»¸öÊý×Ö±êÃ÷µ÷ÊÔ¼¶±ð¡£ÐèÒª¾¯¸æµÄÊǸߵĵ÷ÊÔ¼¶±ð¿ÉÄÜ»áÉú³É¾Þ´óµÄ + ÈÕÖ¾Îļþ¡£ + + Èç¹û postmaster ûÓÐÔËÐУ¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÖ±½ÓÔÚÃüÁîÐÐÉÏÆô¶¯ postgres + ºǫ́½ø³Ì£¬È»ºóÖ±½Ó¼üÈë SQL Óï¾ä¡£ÎÒÃÇÖ» + ÍƼöÔÚµ÷ÊÔµÄʱºòÕâô¸É¡£Çë×¢ÒâÕâʱÓû»ÐÐÜÞ¶ø²»ÊǷֺűíʾÓï¾ä½áβ¡£Èç¹û + Äã´ø×ŵ÷ÊÔ·ûºÅ±àÒ룬Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÒ»¸öµ÷ÊÔÆ÷¹Û¿´·¢ÉúÁËʲôÊÂÇé¡£ÒòΪºǫ́½ø + ³ÌûÓÐÓÉ postmaster + Æô¶¯µÄ£¬Ëü²»ÊǺÍʵ¼ÊµÄÔËÐл·¾³Ò»Ö£¬¶øÇÒËø¶¨/ºǫ́½»»¥ÎÊÌâ¿ÉÄܲ»ÄÜÖØÏÖ¡ + £ + + Èç¹û postmaster ÒѾÔËÐУ¬¿ÉÔÚÒ»¸ö´°¿ÚÖÐÆô¶¯ psql£¬È»ºóÕÒ³ö psql ¶ÔÓ¦µÄ + postgres ½ø³ÌµÄ PID¡£Ê¹ÓÃÒ»¸öµ÷ÊÔÆ÷¸½×ÅÔÚÕâ¸ö postgres PID + ÉÏ¡£Äã¿ÉÒÔÔÚµ÷ÊÔÆ÷ÀïÉèÖöϵ㲢ÇÒ´Ó psql ÀïÖ´Ðвéѯ¡£Èç¹ûÄãÔÚµ÷ÊÔ + postgres µÄÆô¶¯£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÉèÖà PGOPTIONS="-W n"£¬È»ºóÆô¶¯ + psql¡£ÕâÑù½«µ¼ÖÂÆô¶¯ÑÓ³Ù n + Ã룬ÕâÑùÄã¾Í¿ÉÒÔ¸½¼ÓÒ»¸öµ÷ÊÔÆ÷²¢ÇÒ¸ú×ÙÆô¶¯Ë³ÐòµÄ¹ý³Ì¡£ + + postgres ³ÌÐòÓÐ -s£¬-A£¬ºÍ -t Ñ¡Ïî¿ÉÄÜÔÚµ÷ÊÔºÍÐÔÄܲâÁ¿µÄʱºò·Ç³£ÓÐÓᣠ+ + Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔ´ø profiling + Ö§³Ö±àÒëºǫ́£¬ÒÔ±ã¹Û²ìÄÄЩº¯ÊýÕ¼ÓõÄÖ´ÐÐʱ¼ä½Ï¶à¡£profile Îļþ½«·ÅÔÚ + pgsql/data/base/dbname Ŀ¼Ï¡£¿Í»§¶Ë profile + Îļþ½«·ÅÔÚ¿Í»§¶Ëµ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼Ï¡£ÔÚ Linux ÏÂÖ§³Ö profiling + ÒªÔÚ±àÒëʱ¼ÓÉÏ-DLINUX_PROFILE ¡£ + + 3.8) ΪʲôÔÚÊÔͼÁ¬½ÓµÇ¼ʱÊÕµ½¡°Sorry, too many clients¡±ÏûÏ¢£¿ + + ÄãÐèÒªÔö´ó postmaster Æô¶¯Ê±Ö§³ÖµÄ²¢·¢ºǫ́½ø³ÌÊý¡£ + + ȱʡÏÞÖÆÊÇ 32 ½ø³Ì¡£Äã¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý´ø×ÅÊʵ±µÄ -N Öµ¿ª¹ØÆô¶¯ postmaster + Ôö¼ÓÕâ¸öÊýÄ¿¡£»òÕßÐÞ¸Ä postgresql.conf Îļþ¡£ + + ҪעÒâÈç¹ûÄã°Ñ -N ÉèÖÃΪ´óÓÚ 32£¬Äã±ØÐëͬÑùÔö´ó -B£¬³¬¹ýËüȱʡµÄ + 64£»-B ±ØÐë×îÉÙÊÇ -N + µÄÁ½±¶£¬¶øÇÒΪÁ˸üºÃµÄÐÔÄÜ¿ÉÄÜÒª±ÈÄǸöÊý×ÖÒª´ó¡£¶ÔÓÚ´óÊýÄ¿µÄºó¶Ë½ø³Ì£¬ + Äã¿ÉÄÜ»¹»á·¢ÏÖÄ㻹ÐèÒªÔö¼ÓÐí¶à Unix + ÄÚºËÅäÖòÎÊýÖµ¡£Òª¼ì²éµÄ¶«Î÷°üÀ¨¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ¿éµÄ×î´ó³ß´ç£¬SHMMAX£¬ÐÅºÅµÆµÄ + ×î´óÊýÄ¿£¬SEMMNS ºÍ + SEMMNI£¬×î´óµÄ½ø³ÌÊý£¬NPROC£¬µ¥Óû§×î´ó½ø³ÌÊý£¬MAXUPRC£¬ÒÔ¼°´ò¿ªÎļþµÄ + ×î´óÊýÄ¿£¬NFILE ºÍ NINODE ¡£Postgres ¶ÔÔÊÐíµÄºǫ́½ø³ÌÊýÓÐÏÞÖƵÄÔ­ + ÒòÊÇΪÁËÈ·±£ÄãµÄϵͳ²»»áÓùâ×ÊÔ´¡£ + + ÔÚ Postgres ÔçÓÚ 6.5 µÄ°æ±¾£¬×î´óºǫ́½ø³ÌÊýȱʡÊÇ + 64£¬²¢ÇÒ¶ÔËüµÄÐÞ¸ÄÊ×ÏÈÐèÒªÐÞ¸Ä include/storage/sinvaladt.h ÀïµÄ + MaxBackendId ³£Á¿£¬È»ºóÖØРBUILD¡£ + + 3.9) pgsql_tmp Ŀ¼ÀﶼÓÐЩʲô£¿ + + ¸ÃĿ¼Ï±£´æÁ˲éѯִÐÐÆ÷Éú³ÉµÄÁÙʱÎļþ¡£ÀýÈ磬Èç¹ûÐèҪΪÂú×ã ORDER BY + Ìõ¼þ×öÅÅÐò£¬²¢ÇÒÅÅÐòÐèÒª±Èºǫ́µÄ -S + ²ÎÊý¸ø³öµÄ¸ü¶àµÄ¿Õ¼ä£¬ÄÇô¾Í»á´´½¨Ò»¸öÁÙʱÎļþ±£´æ¶à³öÀ´µÄÊý¾Ý¡£ + + ÁÙʱÎļþÓ¦¸Ã×Ô¶¯É¾³ý£¬²»¹ýÈç¹ûÔÚÅÅÐò¹ý³ÌÖкǫ́±ÀÀ£Á˾ͿÉÄÜÁôÏÂÀ´¡£Í£Ö¹ + ²¢ÖØÆð postmaster ½«»áɾ³ýÕâЩÎļþ¡£ + + 3.10) ΪʲôҪÔÚÉý¼¶ PostgreSQL ·¢²¼°æ±¾Ê±×ö dump ºÍ restore £¿ + + PostgreSQL ¿ª·¢×é¶Ôÿ´ÎСµÄÉý¼¶½ö×öÁ˽ÏÉÙµÄÐÞ¸Ä,Òò´Ë´Ó 7.2 Éý¼¶µ½ + 7.2.1 ²»ÐèÒª dump ºÍ restore¡£µ«ÊÇÖ÷ÒªµÄÉý¼¶£¨ÀýÈç´Ó 7.2 µ½ + 7.3£©Í¨³£»áÐÞ¸Äϵͳ±íºÍÊý¾Ý±íµÄÄÚ²¿¸ñʽ¡£ÕâЩ±ä»¯Ò»°ã±È½Ï¸´ÔÓ£¬Òò´ËÎÒà + Dz»Î¬Êý¾ÝÎļþµÄÏòºó¼æÈÝ¡£dump + ½«Êý¾Ý°´ÕÕͨÓõĸñʽÊä³ö£¬Ëæºó¿ÉÒÔ±»ÖØмÓÔز¢Ê¹ÓÃеÄÄÚ²¿¸ñʽ¡£ + + ´ÅÅÌÎļþ¸ñʽûÓб仯µÄÉý¼¶£¬¿ÉÒÔÓà pg_upgrade ½Å±¾£¬¶ø²»ÐèÒª×ö dump ºÍ + restor¡£·¢²¼ËµÃ÷script »áÖ¸Ã÷ pg_upgrade ¶Ô¸Ã´ÎÉý¼¶ÊÇ·ñ¿ÉÓᣠ+ _________________________________________________________________ + + ²Ù×÷ÎÊÌâ + + 4.1) ¶þ½øÖÆÓαêºÍÆÕͨÓαêÖ®¼äµÄÇø±ðÊÇʲô£¿ + + ²ÎÔÄ DECLARE ÊÖ²áÒ³»ñÈ¡ÐÅÏ¢¡£ + + 4.2)ÈçºÎÖ» SELECT Ò»¸ö²éѯ½á¹ûµÄÍ·¼¸ÐУ¿ + + ²ÎÔÄ FETCH ÊÖ²áÒ³£¬»òÕßʹÓà SELECT ... LIMIT.... + + ¼´Ê¹ÄãÖ»ÐèÒª¿ªÍ·µÄ¼¸ÐУ¬Ò²»áÉæ¼°µ½Õû¸ö²éѯ¡£ÊÔ×ÅʹÓôøÓÐ ORDER BY + µÄ²éѯ¡£Èç¹ûÓÐÒ»¸öË÷ÒýÓë ORDER BY Æ¥Å䣬PostgreSQL + ¿ÉÄܾÍÖ»´¦ÀíÒªÇóµÄÍ·¼¸Ìõ¼Ç¼£¬·ñÔò½«¶ÔÕû¸ö²éѯ½øÐд¦ÀíÖ±µ½Éú³ÉÐèÒªµÄÐÐ + ¡£ + + 4.3) ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñÈ¡Ò»¸ö±íµÄÁÐ±í£¬»òÕßÊÇÆäËûÎÒÄÜÔÚ psql Àï¿´µ½µÄ¶«Î÷£¿ + + Äã¿ÉÒÔÔĶÁ psql µÄÔ´´úÂëÎļþpgsql/src/bin/psql/describe.c + ¡£Ëü°üÀ¨ÎªÉú³É psql µÄ·´Ð±¸ÜÃüÁîµÄÊä³öµÄ SQL ÃüÁî¡£Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔ´ø -E + Ñ¡ÏîÆô¶¯ psql£¬ÕâÑùËü½«´òÓ¡³öÖ´ÐÐÄã¸ø³öµÄÃüÁîËùÓõIJéѯ¡£ + + 4.4) ÔõÑù´Ó±íÀïÃæɾ³ýÒ»ÁУ¿ + + 7.3 ÀïÔö¼ÓÁË ALTER TABLE DROP + COLUMN£¬ÒÔÖ§³Ö´ËÏÄÜ¡£ÔÚÒÔÇ°µÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬¿ÉÒÔÕâÑù×ö£º + BEGIN; + LOCK TABLE old_table; + SELECT ... -- select all columns but the one you want to remove + INTO TABLE new_table + FROM old_table; + DROP TABLE old_table; + ALTER TABLE new_table RENAME TO old_table; + COMMIT; + + 4.5) Ò»ÐУ¬Ò»¸ö±í£¬Ò»¸ö¿âµÄ×î´ó³ß´çÊǶàÉÙ£¿ + + ÏÂÃæÊÇһЩÏÞÖÆ£º + Ò»¸öÊý¾Ý¿â×î´ó³ß´ç£¿ ÎÞÏÞÖÆ£¨´æÔÚ 1TB µÄÊý¾Ý¿â£© + Ò»¸ö±íµÄ×î´ó³ß´ç£¿ 16TB + Ò»ÐеÄ×î´ó³ß´ç£¿ 1.6TB + Ò»¸ö×ֶεÄ×î´ó³ß´ç? 1GB + Ò»¸ö±íÀï×î´óÐÐÊý£¿ ÎÞÏÞÖÆ + Ò»¸ö±íÀï×î´óÁÐÊý£¿ ¸úÁÐÀàÐÍÓйØ,250-1600 + Ò»¸ö±íÀïµÄ×î´óË÷ÒýÊýÁ¿£¿ÎÞÏÞÖÆ + + µ±È»£¬Êµ¼ÊÉÏûÓÐÕæÕýµÄÎÞÏÞÖÆ£¬»¹ÊÇÒªÊÜ¿ÉÓôÅÅ̿ռ䡢¿ÉÓÃÄÚ´æ/½»»»ÇøµÄÖ + ÆÔ¼¡£ + + ±íµÄ×î´ó³ß´ç 16 TB ²»ÐèÒª²Ù×÷ϵͳ¶Ô´óÎļþµÄÖ§³Ö¡£´ó±íÓöà¸ö 1 GB + µÄÎļþ´æ´¢£¬Òò´ËÎļþϵͳ³ß´çµÄÏÞÖÆÊDz»ÖØÒªµÄ¡£ + + Èç¹ûȱʡµÄ¿é´óСÔö³¤µ½ 32K £¬×î´óµÄ±í³ß´çºÍ×î´óÁÐÊý¿ÉÒÔÔö¼Ó¡£ + + 4.6)´æ´¢Ò»¸öµäÐ͵ÄƽÃæÎļþÀïµÄÊý¾ÝÐèÒª¶àÉÙ´ÅÅ̿ռ䣿 + + Ò»¸ö Postgres + Êý¾Ý¿â×î¶à¿ÉÄÜÐèÒªÏ൱ÓÚÔÚÒ»¸öƽÃæÎļþÀï´æ´¢ÏàͬÊý¾ÝµÄ5±¶µÄ´ÅÅ̿ռ䡣 + + ÀýÈ磬¼ÙÉèÓÐÒ»¸ö 100,000 + ÐеÄÎļþ£¬Ã¿ÐÐÓÐÒ»¸öÕûÊýºÍÒ»¸öÎı¾ÃèÊö¡£¼ÙÉèÎı¾´®µÄƽ¾ù³¤¶Èλ20×Ö½Ú¡£ + ƽÃæÎļþÕ¼Óà 2.8 MB¡£´æ·ÅÕâЩÊý¾ÝµÄ PostgreSQL Êý¾Ý¿âÎļþ´óÔ¼ÊÇ 6.4 + MB: + 36 ×Ö½Ú: ÿÐеÄÍ·£¨¹À¼ÆÖµ£© + 24 ×Ö½Ú: Ò»¸öint×ֶκÍÒ»¸öÎı¾ÐÍ×ֶΠ+ + 4 ×Ö½Ú: Ò³ÃæÄÚÖ¸ÏòÔª×éµÄÖ¸Õë + ---------------------------------------- + 64 ×Ö½ÚÿÐÐ + + PostgreSQL Êý¾ÝÒ³µÄ´óСÊÇ 8192 ×Ö½Ú (8 KB)£¬Ôò£º + + 8192 ×Ö½Úÿҳ + ------------------- = 128 ÐÐ/Êý¾ÝÒ³£¨ÏòÏÂÈ¡Õû£© + 64 ×Ö½ÚÿÐÐ + + 100000 Êý¾ÝÐÐ + -------------------- = 782 Êý¾ÝÒ³£¨ÏòÉÏÈ¡Õû£© + 128 ÐÐÿҳ + + 782 Êý¾ÝÒ³ * 8192 ×Ö½Ú/Ò³ = 6,406,144 ×Ö½Ú£¨6.4 MB£© + + Ë÷Òý²»ÐèÒªÕâô¶àµÄ¶îÍâÏûºÄ£¬µ«Ò²È·Êµ°üÀ¨±»Ë÷ÒýµÄÊý¾Ý£¬Òò´ËËüÃÇÒ²¿ÉÄÜºÜ + ´ó¡£ + + ¿ÕÖµ´æ·ÅÔÚλͼÖУ¬Òò´ËÕ¼ÓúÜÉٵĿռ䡣 + + 4.7) ÈçºÎ²é¿´±í¡¢Ë÷Òý¡¢Êý¾Ý¿âÒÔ¼°Óû§µÄ¶¨Ò壿 + + psql ÓÐÐí¶à·´Ð±¸ÜÃüÁîÓÃÓÚÏÔʾÕâЩÐÅÏ¢¡£Óà \? ¿´¿´¶¼ÓÐÄÄЩ¡£ÒÔ pg_ + ´òÍ·µÄϵͳ±íÒ²ÃèÊöÁËÕâЩÐÅÏ¢¡£ psql -l ¿ÉÒÔÁгöËùÓеÄÊý¾Ý¿â¡£ + + Ò²¿ÉÒÔÊÔÊÔÎļþ + pgsql/src/tutorial/syscat.source¡£ËüÑÝʾÁËÐí¶à´ÓÊý¾Ý¿âϵͳ±íÀï»ñÈ¡ÐÅÏ¢ + ÐèÒªµÄ SELECT¡£ + + 4.8) ÎҵIJéѯºÜÂý»òÕßûÓÐÀûÓÃË÷Òý¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿ + + ²¢·Çÿ¸ö²éѯ¶¼»á×Ô¶¯Ê¹ÓÃË÷Òý¡£Ö»ÓÐÔÚ±íµÄ´óС³¬¹ýÒ»¸ö×îСֵ£¬²¢ÇÒ²éѯֻ + Ñ¡Ôñ±íÖнÏС±ÈÀýµÄÐÐʱ²ÉÓÃʹÓÃË÷Òý¡£ÕâÊÇÒòΪË÷ÒýɨÃèÒýÆðµÄËæ¼´´ÅÅÌ´æÈ¡ + ¿ÉÄܱÈÖ±½ÓµØ¶ÁÈ¡±í£¨Ë³ÐòɨÃ裩¸üÂý¡£ÎªÁËÅжÏÊÇ·ñʹÓÃË÷Òý£¬PostgreSQL + ±ØÐë»ñµÃÓйرíµÄͳ¼ÆÖµ¡£ÕâЩͳ¼ÆÖµ¿ÉÒÔʹÓà VACUUM ANALYZE£¬»ò ANALYZE + »ñµÃ¡£Ê¹ÓÃͳ¼ÆÖµ£¬ÓÅ»¯Æ÷ÖªµÀ±íÖÐÓжàÉÙÐУ¬¾ÍÄܹ»¸üºÃµØÅжÏÊÇ·ñÀûÓÃË÷Òý + ¡£Í³¼ÆÖµ¶ÔÈ·¶¨ÓÅ»¯µÄÁ¬½Ó˳ÐòºÍÁ¬½Ó·½·¨Ò²ºÜÓÐÓá£ÔÚ±íµÄÄÚÈÝ·¢Éú±ä»¯Ê±£¬ + Ó¦¶¨ÆÚ½øÐÐͳ¼ÆÖµµÄ»ñÈ¡¡£ + + Ë÷Òýͨ³£²»ÓÃÓÚ ORDER BY + »òÖ´ÐÐÁ¬½Ó¡£¶ÔÒ»¸ö´ó±íµÄÒ»´Î˳ÐòɨÃ裬ÔÙ×öÒ»¸öÏÔʽµÄÅÅÐòͨ³£±ÈË÷ÒýɨÃè + Òª¿ì¡£ + + µ«ÊÇ£¬ÔÚ LIMIT ºÍ ORDER BY ½áºÏʹÓÃʱ¾­ + ³£»áʹÓÃË÷Òý£¬ÒòΪֻ»á·µ»Ø±íµÄһС²¿·Ö¡£Êµ¼ÊÉÏ£¬ËäÈ» MAX() ºÍ MIN() + ²¢²»Ê¹ÓÃË÷Òý£¬Í¨¹ý¶Ô ORDER BY ºÍ LLIMIT + ʹÓÃË÷ÒýÈ¡µÃ×î´óÖµºÍ×îСֵҲÊÇ¿ÉÒԵģº + SELECT col + FROM tab + ORDER BY col [ DESC ] + LIMIT 1; + + µ±Ê¹ÓÃͨÅä·û²Ù×÷£¬ÀýÈç LIKE »ò ~ ʱ£¬Ë÷ÒýÖ»ÄÜÔÚÌض¨µÄÇé¿öÏÂʹÓ㺠+ * ×Ö·û´®µÄ¿ªÊ¼²¿·Ö±ØÐëÊÇÆÕͨ×Ö·û´®£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£º + + * LIKE ģʽ²»ÄÜÒÔ % ´òÍ·¡£ + * ~ £¨ÕýÔò±í´ïʽ£©Ä£Ê½±ØÐëÒÔ ^ ´òÍ·¡£ + + ×Ö·û´®²»ÄÜÒÔÆ¥Åä¶à¸ö×Ö·ûµÄģʽÀà´òÍ·£¬ÀýÈç [a-e]¡£ + + ´óСдÎ޹صIJéÕÒ£¬Èç ILIKE ºÍ ~* µÈ²»Ê¹ÓÃË÷Òý¡£µ«¿ÉÒÔÓà 4.12 + ½ÚÃèÊöµÄº¯ÊýË÷Òý¡£ + + ÔÚ×ö initdb ʱ±ØÐë²ÉÓÃȱʡµÄ±¾µØÉèÖà C locale¡£ + + 4.9) ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜ¿´µ½²éѯÓÅ»¯Æ÷ÊÇÔõÑù´¦ÀíÎҵIJéѯµÄ£¿ + + ²Î¿¼ EXPLAIN ÊÖ²áÒ³¡£ + + 4.10) R-tree Ë÷ÒýÊÇʲô£¿ + + R-tree Ë÷ÒýÓÃÓÚË÷Òý¿Õ¼äÊý¾Ý¡£Ò»¸ö¹þÏ£Ë÷ÒýÎÞ·¨´¦Àí·¶Î§ËÑË÷¡£¶ø B-tree + Ë÷ÒýÖ»ÄÜ´¦ÀíһάµÄ·¶Î§ËÑË÷¡£R-tree + Ë÷Òý¿ÉÒÔ´¦Àí¶àάÊý¾Ý¡£ÀýÈ磬Èç¹û¿ÉÒÔÔÚÒ»¸öÀàÐÍΪ point + µÄ×Ö¶ÎÉϽ¨Á¢Ò»¸ö R-tree Ë÷Òý£¬ÄÇôϵͳÄܸü¸ßЧµØ»Ø´ðÀàËÆ + ¡°Ñ¡ÔñÔÚÒ»¸ö³¤·½Ðη¶Î§ÄÚµÄËùÓе㡱¡£ + ÃèÊö×î³õµÄ R-Tree Éè¼ÆµÄÕýʽÂÛÎÄÊÇ£º + Guttman, A. "R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure for Spatial + Searching." Proc of the 1984 ACM SIGMOD Int'l Conf on Mgmt of Data, + 45-57. + Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔÔÚ Stonebraker µÄ¡°Readings in Database + Systems¡±ÀïÕÒµ½ÕâƪÎÄÕ¡£ + ϵͳÄÚÖÃµÄ R-Tree ¿ÉÒÔ´¦Àí¶à±ßÐκͷ½ÐΡ£ÀíÂÛÉÏ˵£¬R-tree + ¿ÉÒÔÀ©Õ¹Îª´¦Àí¸ü¶àάÊý¡£²»¹ýÔÚʵ¼ùÉÏ£¬À©Õ¹ R-trees + ÐèÒªÒ»¶¨µÄ¹¤×÷Á¿£¬¶øÎÒÃÇĿǰûÓÐÈçºÎ×öµÄÎĵµ¡£ + + 4.11) ʲôÊÇ»ùÒò²éѯÓÅ»¯£¨Genetic Query Optimization£©£¿ + + GEQO Ä£¿é²ÉÓûùÒòËã·¨£¨Genetic + Algorithm£¬GA£©¼Ó¿ì¶à±íÁ¬½ÓµÄ²éѯÓÅ»¯¡£ËüÔÊÐíͨ¹ý·ÇÇî¾ÙËÑË÷´¦Àí´óµÄÁ¬½ + Ó²éѯ¡£ + + 4.12) + ÎÒÔõÑù×öÕýÔò±í´ïʽËÑË÷ºÍ´óСдÎ޹صÄÕýÔò±í´ïʽËÑË÷£¿ÔõÑùÀûÓÃË÷Òý½øÐдóСдΠ+ Þ¹ØËÑË÷£¿ + + ²Ù×÷·û ~ ´¦ÀíÕýÔò±í´ïʽƥÅ䣬¶ø ~* + ´¦Àí´óСдÎ޹صÄÕýÔò±í´ïʽƥÅä¡£´óдЩÎÞ¹ØµÄ LIKE ±äÖÖ³ÉΪ ILIKE¡£ + ´óСдÎ޹صĵÈʽ±È½Ïͨ³£Ð´×ö£º + SELECT * + FROM tab + WHERE lower(col) = 'abc'; + ÕâÑù½«²»»áʹÓñê×¼µÄË÷Òý¡£µ«ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔ´´½¨Ò»¸ö¿É±»ÀûÓõĺ¯ÊýË÷Òý: + CREATE INDEX tabindex ON tab (lower(col)); + + 4.13) ÔÚÒ»¸ö²éѯÀÎÒÔõÑù¼ì²âÒ»¸ö×Ö¶ÎÊÇ·ñΪ NULL£¿ + + Óà IS NULL ºÍ IS NOT NULL ²âÊÔÕâ¸ö×ֶΡ£ + + 4.14) ¸÷ÖÖ×Ö·ûÀàÐÍÖ®¼äÓÐʲô²»Í¬£¿ + + ÀàÐÍ ÄÚ²¿Ãû³Æ ˵Ã÷ + -------------------------------------------------- + "char" char 1¸ö×Ö·û character + CHAR(#) bpchar + ¶¨³¤×Ö·û´®£¬Êµ¼ÊÊý¾Ý²»×㶨Ò峤¶Èʱ£¬ÒÔ¿Õ¸ñ²¹Æë + VARCHAR(#) varchar + Ö¸¶¨ÁË×î´ó³¤¶È£¬±ä³¤×Ö·û´®£¬²»×㶨Ò峤¶ÈµÄ²¿·Ö²»²¹Æë + TEXT text ´®³¤¶È½öÊÜÐеÄ×î´ó³¤¶ÈÏÞÖÆ + BYTEA bytea ±ä³¤×Ö½ÚÐòÁУ¨±ä³¤µÄ¶þ½øÖÆÊý¾Ý£© + ÔÚϵͳ±íºÍÔÚһЩ´íÎóÐÅÏ¢ÀïÄ㽫¿´µ½ÄÚ²¿Ãû³Æ¡£ + ÉÏÃæ×îºóËÄÖÖÀàÐÍÊÇ"varlena"£¨±ä³¤£©ÀàÐÍ£¨Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬¿ªÍ·µÄËĸö×Ö½ÚÊdz¤¶ + È£¬ºóÃæ²ÅÊÇÊý¾Ý£©¡£ÓÚÊÇʵ¼ÊÕ¼ÓõĿռä±ÈÉùÃ÷µÄ´óСҪ¶àһЩ¡£È»¶øÕâЩÀàÐ + Ͷ¼¿ÉÒÔ±»Ñ¹Ëõ´æ´¢£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÓà TOAST + ÍÑ»ú´æ´¢£¬Òò´Ë´ÅÅÌ¿Õ¼äÒ²¿ÉÄܱÈÔ¤ÏëµÄÒªÉÙ¡£ + CHAR(n) ×îÊʺÏÓÚ´æ´¢³¤¶È»ù±¾²î²»¶àµÄ×Ö·û´®¡£VARCHAR(n) + ÔÚ´æ´¢ÏÞÖÆÁË×î´ó³¤¶ÈµÄ±ä³¤×Ö·û´®ÊÇ×îºÃµÄ¡£TEXT + ÊÊÓÃÓÚ´æ´¢²»ÏÞÖƳ¤¶ÈµÄ×Ö·û´®£¬×î´ó¿É´ï 1G¡£BYTEA + ÓÃÓÚ´æ´¢¶þ½øÖÆÊý¾Ý£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇ°üº¬ NULL + ×Ö½Ú£¨¶þ½øÖƵÄ0£©µÄÖµ¡£ÕâЩÀàÐ;ßÓÐÀàÐ͵ÄÐÔÄÜ¡£ + + 4.15.1) ÎÒÔõÑù´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁкÅ/×Ô¶¯µÝÔöµÄ×ֶΣ¿ + + PostgreSQL Ö§³Ö SERIAL + Êý¾ÝÀàÐÍ¡£ËüÔÚ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ×Ô¶¯´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁкÍË÷Òý¡£ÀýÈ磬 + CREATE TABLE person ( + id SERIAL, + name TEXT + ); + »á×Ô¶¯×ª»»Îª£º + + CREATE SEQUENCE person_id_seq; + CREATE TABLE person ( + id INT4 NOT NULL DEFAULT nextval('person_id_seq'), + name TEXT + ); + CREATE UNIQUE INDEX person_id_key ON person ( id ); + ²Î¿¼ create_sequence ÊÖ²áÒ³»ñÈ¡¹ØÓÚÐòÁеĸü¶àÐÅÏ¢¡£Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔÓÃÿÐÐµÄ + oid ×Ö¶Î×÷Ϊһ¸öΨһֵ¡£²»¹ý£¬Èç¹ûÄãÐèÒªÇãµ¹ºÍÖØÔØÊý¾Ý¿â£¬ÄãÐèҪʹÓà + pg_dump µÄ -o Ñ¡Ïî»òÕß COPY WITH OIDS Ñ¡ÏîÒÔ±£Áô OID¡£ + + 4.15.2) ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñµÃÒ»¸ö²åÈëµÄÐòÁкŵÄÖµ£¿ + + Ò»ÖÖ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ²åÈë֮ǰÏÈÓú¯Êý nextval() ´ÓÐòÁжÔÏóÀï¼ìË÷³öÏÂÒ»¸ö SERIAL + Öµ£¬È»ºóÔÙÏÔʽ²åÈ롣ʹÓà 4.15.1 ÀïµÄÀý±í£¬¿ÉÓÃαÂëÕâÑùÃèÊö£º + new_id = execute("SELECT nextval('person_id_seq')"); + execute("INSERT INTO person (id, name) VALUES (new_id, 'Blaise + Pascal')"); + ÕâÑù»¹ÄÜÔÚÆäËû²éѯÖÐʹÓôæ·ÅÔÚ new_id ÀïµÄÐÂÖµ£¨ÀýÈ磬×÷Ϊ person + ±íµÄÍâ¼ü£©¡£×¢Òâ×Ô¶¯´´½¨µÄ SEQUENCE ¶ÔÏóµÄÃû³Æ½«»áÊÇ + __seq£¬ÕâÀï table ºÍ serialcolumn + ·Ö±ðÊÇÄãµÄ±íµÄÃû³ÆºÍÄãµÄ SERIAL ×ֶεÄÃû³Æ¡£ + ÀàËƵģ¬ÔÚ SERIAL ¶ÔÏóȱʡ²åÈëºóÄã¿ÉÒÔÓú¯Êý currval() ¼ìË÷¸Õ¸³ÖµµÄ + SERIAL Öµ£¬ÀýÈ磬 + execute("INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal')"); + new_id = execute("SELECT currval('person_id_seq')"); + ×îºó£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃ´Ó INSERT Óï¾ä·µ»ØµÄ OID + ²éÕÒȱʡֵ£¬¾¡¹ÜÕâ¿ÉÄÜÊÇ×îȱ·¦ÒÆÖ²ÐԵķ½·¨¡£ÔÚ Perl ÀʹÓôøÓÐ + Edmund Mergl µÄ DBD::Pg Ä£¿éµÄ DBI£¬oid Öµ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý $sth->execute() + ºóµÄ $sth->{pg_oid_status} »ñµÃ¡£ + + 4.15.3) ʹÓà currval() ºÍ nextval() »áµ¼ÖÂÒ»¸öÓëÆäËûÓû§Ö®¼äµÄÎÉÂÒÇé¿öÂ𣿠+ + ²»»á¡£currval() ·µ»Øºǫ́½ø³Ì¶ø²»ÊÇËùÓÐÓû§¸³ÓèµÄµ±Ç°Öµ¡£ + + 4.15.4) + Ϊʲô²»ÔÚÊÂÎñÒì³£ÖÐÖ¹ºóÖØÓÃÐòÁкÅÄØ£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´ÔÚÐòÁкÅ×ֶεÄÈ¡ÖµÖдæÔÚ¼ä¶ÏÄØ£ + ¿ + ΪÁËÌá¸ß²¢·¢ÐÔ£¬ÐòÁкÅÔÚÐèÒªµÄʱºò¸³ÓèÕýÔÚÔËÐеÄÊÂÎñ£¬²¢ÇÒÖ»ÔÚÊÂÎñ½áÊø - Ö® Ç°²»·âËø¡£Õâ¾Í»áµ¼ÖÂزÕÛÊÂÎñºóµÄÐòÁкųöÏÖ¼ä¸ô¡£ 4.16) ʲôÊÇ - OID£¿Ê²Ã´ÊÇ TID£¿ OID ÊÇ PostgreSQL ÖÐÐеÄΨһ±êʶ¡£PostgreSQL - Àï´´½¨µÄÿһÐж¼»ñµÃÒ»¸öΨ Ò»µÄ OID¡£ËùÓÐÔÚ initdb ¹ý³ÌÖд´½¨µÄ OID + ֮ǰ²»·âËø¡£Õâ¾Í»áµ¼ÖÂزÕÛÊÂÎñºóµÄÐòÁкųöÏÖ¼ä¸ô¡£ + + 4.16) ʲôÊÇ OID£¿Ê²Ã´ÊÇ TID£¿ + + OID ÊÇ PostgreSQL ÖÐÐеÄΨһ±êʶ¡£PostgreSQL + Àï´´½¨µÄÿһÐж¼»ñµÃÒ»¸öΨһµÄ OID¡£ËùÓÐÔÚ initdb ¹ý³ÌÖд´½¨µÄ OID ¶¼Ð¡ÓÚ 16384 £¨²Î¼û include/access/transam.h£©¡£ËùÓÐÓû§´´½¨µÄ OID - ¶¼´óÓÚ»òµÈÓÚÕâ¸öÖµ¡£È±Ê¡ ʱ£¬ËùÓÐÕâЩ OID + ¶¼´óÓÚ»òµÈÓÚÕâ¸öÖµ¡£È±Ê¡Ê±£¬ËùÓÐÕâЩ OID ²»½öÔÚÒ»¸ö±í»òÒ»¸öÊý¾Ý¿âÀïÃæΨһ£¬¶øÇÒÔÚÕû¸ö PostgreSQL - °²×°ÀïÒ²ÊÇΨһµÄ¡£ PostgreSQL ÔÚËüµÄÄÚ²¿ÏµÍ³±íÀïʹÓà OID - ÔÚ±íÖ®¼ä½¨Á¢ÁªÏµ¡£ÕâЩ OID ¿ÉÒÔÓà - ÓÚ±êʶÌض¨µÄÓû§ÐÐÒÔ¼°ÓÃÔÚÁ¬½ÓÀï¡£½¨ÒéʹÓÃ×Ö¶ÎÀàÐÍ OID ´æ´¢ OID - Öµ¡£¿ÉÒÔ ÔÚ OID ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ´´½¨Ò»¸öË÷ÒýÒÔ¿ìËÙ·ÃÎÊ¡£ OID - ´ÓÒ»¸ö±»ËùÓÐÊý¾Ý¿âʹÓõÄÖÐÐÄÇøÓòÀ︳ֵ¸øËùÓÐÐÂÐС£Èç¹ûÄãÏë°Ñ OID ¸Ä - ³É±ðµÄÖµ£¬»òÕßÏë×öÒ»·Ý±íµÄ´øÔʼ OID µÄ¿½±´£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ×öµ½£º CREATE TABLE - new(old_oid oid, mycol int); SELECT old_oid, mycol INTO new FROM old; - COPY new TO '/tmp/pgtable'; DELETE FROM new; COPY new WITH OIDS FROM - '/tmp/pgtable'; OID - ÓÃ4×Ö½ÚµÄÕûÊý±£´æ£¬ÔÚ³¬¹ý40ÒÚʱ½«Òç³ö¡£Ã»ÓÐÈ˱¨¸æ³öÏÖ¹ýÒç³ö£¬¶øÎÒÃÇ - ´òËãÔÚÓÐÈ˱¨¸æ֮ǰÏû³ýÕâ¸öÏÞÖÆ¡£ TID - ÓÃÓÚ±êʶ´ø×ÅÊý¾Ý¿é£¨µØÖ·£©ºÍ£¨¿éÄÚ£©Æ«ÒƵÄÌض¨µÄÎïÀíÐС£TID ÔÚÐб»¸ü - ¸Ä»òÖØÔغó·¢Éú¸Ä±ä¡£Ë÷ÒýÈë¿ÚʹÓÃËüÃÇÖ¸ÏòÎïÀíÐС£ 4.17) PostgreSQL - ʹÓõÄһЩÊõÓïµÄº¬ÒåÊÇʲô£¿ + °²×°ÀïÒ²ÊÇΨһµÄ¡£ + PostgreSQL ÔÚËüµÄÄÚ²¿ÏµÍ³±íÀïʹÓà OID ÔÚ±íÖ®¼ä½¨Á¢ÁªÏµ¡£ÕâЩ OID + ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÓÚ±êʶÌض¨µÄÓû§ÐÐÒÔ¼°ÓÃÔÚÁ¬½ÓÀï¡£½¨ÒéʹÓÃ×Ö¶ÎÀàÐÍ OID ´æ´¢ OID + Öµ¡£¿ÉÒÔÔÚ OID ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ´´½¨Ò»¸öË÷ÒýÒÔ¿ìËÙ·ÃÎÊ¡£ + OID ´ÓÒ»¸ö±»ËùÓÐÊý¾Ý¿âʹÓõÄÖÐÐÄÇøÓòÀ︳ֵ¸øËùÓÐÐÂÐС£Èç¹ûÄãÏë°Ñ OID + ¸Ä³É±ðµÄÖµ£¬»òÕßÏë×öÒ»·Ý±íµÄ´øÔʼ OID µÄ¿½±´£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ×öµ½£º + CREATE TABLE new(old_oid oid, mycol int); + SELECT old_oid, mycol INTO new FROM old; + COPY new TO '/tmp/pgtable'; + DELETE FROM new; + COPY new WITH OIDS FROM '/tmp/pgtable'; + OID + ÓÃ4×Ö½ÚµÄÕûÊý±£´æ£¬ÔÚ³¬¹ý40ÒÚʱ½«Òç³ö¡£Ã»ÓÐÈ˱¨¸æ³öÏÖ¹ýÒç³ö£¬¶øÎÒÃÇ´òË + ãÔÚÓÐÈ˱¨¸æ֮ǰÏû³ýÕâ¸öÏÞÖÆ¡£ + TID ÓÃÓÚ±êʶ´ø×ÅÊý¾Ý¿é£¨µØÖ·£©ºÍ£¨¿éÄÚ£©Æ«ÒƵÄÌض¨µÄÎïÀíÐС£TID + ÔÚÐб»¸ü¸Ä»òÖØÔغó·¢Éú¸Ä±ä¡£Ë÷ÒýÈë¿ÚʹÓÃËüÃÇÖ¸ÏòÎïÀíÐС£ + + 4.17) PostgreSQL ʹÓõÄһЩÊõÓïµÄº¬ÒåÊÇʲô£¿ + һЩԴ´úÂëºÍһЩ¾ÉÒ»µãµÄÎĵµÊ¹ÓÃһЩÓиü³£ÓÃÓ÷¨µÄÊõÓï¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÆäÖÐÒ»²¿ - ·Ö£º table, relation, class row, record, tuple column, field, - attribute retrieve, select replace, update append, insert OID, serial - value portal, cursor range variable, table name, table alias - ÓÐÒ»¸öͨÓÃÊý¾Ý¿âÊõÓïµÄÁÐ±í£ºhttp://hea- - www.harvard.edu/MST/simul/software/docs/pkgs/pgsql/glossary/glossary.h - tml ¡£ 4.18) ΪʲôÎÒÊÕµ½´íÎó¡°/ERROR: Memory exhausted in - AllocSetAlloc()/¡±£¿ + ·Ö£º + table, relation, class + row, record, tuple + column, field, attribute + retrieve, select + replace, update + append, insert + OID, serial value + portal, cursor + range variable, table name, table alias + ÓÐÒ»¸öͨÓÃÊý¾Ý¿âÊõÓïµÄÁÐ±í£ºhttp://hea-www.harvard.edu/MST/simul/softw + are/docs/pkgs/pgsql/glossary/glossary.html ¡£ + + 4.18) ΪʲôÎÒÊÕµ½´íÎó¡°ERROR: Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()¡±£¿ + ÕâºÜ¿ÉÄÜÊÇϵͳµÄÐéÄâÄÚ´æÓùâÁË£¬»òÕßÄں˶ÔijЩ×ÊÔ´Óнϵ͵ÄÏÞÖÆÖµ¡£ÔÚÆô - ¶¯ postmaster ֮ǰÊÔÊÔÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁ ulimit -d 262144 limit datasize - 256m È¡¾öÓÚÄãÓÃµÄ - shell£¬ÉÏÃæÃüÁîÖ»ÓÐÒ»ÌõÄܳɹ¦£¬µ«ÊÇËü½«°ÑÄãµÄ½ø³ÌÊý¾Ý¶ÎÏÞÖÆ - ÉèµÃ±È½Ï¸ß£¬Òò¶øÒ²ÐíÄÜÈòéѯÍê³É¡£ÕâÌõÃüÁîÓ¦ÓÃÓÚµ±Ç°½ø³Ì£¬ÒÔ¼°ËùÓÐÔÚÕâ - Ìõ - ÃüÁîÔËÐк󴴽¨µÄ×Ó½ø³Ì¡£Èç¹ûÄãÊÇÔÚÔËÐÐSQL¿Í»§¶ËʱÒòΪºǫ́·µ»ØÁËÌ«¶àµÄÊ - ý ¾Ý¶ø³öÏÖÎÊÌ⣬ÇëÔÚÔËÐпͻ§¶Ë֮ǰִÐÐÉÏÊöÃüÁî¡£ 4.19) - ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜÖªµÀËùÔËÐÐµÄ PostgreSQL µÄ°æ±¾£¿ ´Ó psql À¼üÈë SELECT - version()£» 4.20) ΪʲôÎҵĴó¶ÔÏó²Ù×÷µ¼Ö´íÎó¡°/invalid large obj - descriptor¡±£¨·Ç·¨µÄ´ó¶ÔÏóÃèÊö·û£©/£¿ + ¶¯ postmaster ֮ǰÊÔÊÔÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁ + ulimit -d 262144 + limit datasize 256m + È¡¾öÓÚÄãÓÃµÄ + shell£¬ÉÏÃæÃüÁîÖ»ÓÐÒ»ÌõÄܳɹ¦£¬µ«ÊÇËü½«°ÑÄãµÄ½ø³ÌÊý¾Ý¶ÎÏÞÖÆÉèµÃ±È½Ï¸ß£ + ¬Òò¶øÒ²ÐíÄÜÈòéѯÍê³É¡£ÕâÌõÃüÁîÓ¦ÓÃÓÚµ±Ç°½ø³Ì£¬ÒÔ¼°ËùÓÐÔÚÕâÌõÃüÁîÔËÐк + ó´´½¨µÄ×Ó½ø³Ì¡£Èç¹ûÄãÊÇÔÚÔËÐÐSQL¿Í»§¶ËʱÒòΪºǫ́·µ»ØÁËÌ«¶àµÄÊý¾Ý¶ø³öÏÖ + ÎÊÌ⣬ÇëÔÚÔËÐпͻ§¶Ë֮ǰִÐÐÉÏÊöÃüÁî¡£ + + 4.19) ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜÖªµÀËùÔËÐÐµÄ PostgreSQL µÄ°æ±¾£¿ + + ´Ó psql À¼üÈë SELECT version()£» + + 4.20) ΪʲôÎҵĴó¶ÔÏó²Ù×÷µ¼Ö´íÎó¡°invalid large obj + descriptor¡±£¨·Ç·¨µÄ´ó¶ÔÏóÃèÊö·û£©£¿ + ÄãÐèÒªÔÚʹÓÃÈκδó¶ÔÏó¾ä±úµÄÇ°ºó·ÅÉÏ BEGIN WORK ºÍ - COMMIT£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬°ü Χ lo_open ... lo_close¡£ Ä¿Ç° PostgreSQL - Ç¿ÖÆʵʩÕâÌõ¹æÔò£ºÔÚÊÂÎñÌύʱ¹Ø±Õ´ó¶ÔÏó¾ä±ú£¬ÕâÑù£¬£¨Ã» - ÓвÉÓÃÊÂÎñʱ£©£¬Ê״ζԴó¶ÔÏó¾ä±ú×öÈκÎÊÂÇéµÄÆóͼ¶¼»áµ¼ÖÂÒ»¸ö invalid - large obj - descriptor¡£ËùÒÔ£¬Èç¹ûÄãûÓÐʹÓÃÒ»¸öÊÂÎñ£¬ÒÔÇ°Äܹ¤×÷µÄ´úÂ루ÖÁ - ÉÙÊÇ´ó¶àÊýʱ¼ä£©½«»áÉú³ÉÕâôһ¸ö´íÎóÐÅÏ¢¡£ Èç¹ûÄãʹÓÿͻ§¶Ë½Ó¿Ú£¬Èç - ODBC£¬Äã¿ÉÄÜÐèÒª set auto-commit off¡£ 4.21) - ÎÒÈçºÎ´´½¨Ò»¸öȱʡֵÊǵ±Ç°Ê±¼äµÄ×ֶΣ¿ ʹÓà CURRENT_TIMESTAMP£º CREATE - TABLE test(x int, modtime timestamp DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP); 4.22) - ΪʲôʹÓà IN µÄ×Ó²éѯÕâôÂý£¿ + COMMIT£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬°üΧ lo_open ... lo_close¡£ + Ä¿Ç° PostgreSQL + Ç¿ÖÆʵʩÕâÌõ¹æÔò£ºÔÚÊÂÎñÌύʱ¹Ø±Õ´ó¶ÔÏó¾ä±ú£¬ÕâÑù£¬£¨Ã»ÓвÉÓÃÊÂÎñʱ£© + £¬Ê״ζԴó¶ÔÏó¾ä±ú×öÈκÎÊÂÇéµÄÆóͼ¶¼»áµ¼ÖÂÒ»¸ö invalid large obj + descriptor¡£ËùÒÔ£¬Èç¹ûÄãûÓÐʹÓÃÒ»¸öÊÂÎñ£¬ÒÔÇ°Äܹ¤×÷µÄ´úÂ루ÖÁÉÙÊÇ´ó¶à + Êýʱ¼ä£©½«»áÉú³ÉÕâôһ¸ö´íÎóÐÅÏ¢¡£ + Èç¹ûÄãʹÓÿͻ§¶Ë½Ó¿Ú£¬Èç ODBC£¬Äã¿ÉÄÜÐèÒª set auto-commit off¡£ + + 4.21) ÎÒÈçºÎ´´½¨Ò»¸öȱʡֵÊǵ±Ç°Ê±¼äµÄ×ֶΣ¿ + + ʹÓà CURRENT_TIMESTAMP£º + CREATE TABLE test(x int, modtime timestamp DEFAULT + CURRENT_TIMESTAMP); + + 4.22) ΪʲôʹÓà IN µÄ×Ó²éѯÕâôÂý£¿ + Ä¿Ç°£¬ÎÒÃÇͨ¹ýΪÍâ²éѯµÄÿһÐÐ˳ÐòɨÃè×Ó²éѯµÄ½á¹ûÀ´Á¬½Ó×Ó²éѯºÍÍâ²éѯ - ¡£ Èç¹û×Ó²éѯ·µ»ØÉÙÊý¼¸ÐУ¬¶øÍâ²éѯ·µ»ØºÜ¶àÐУ¬IN - Ö´Ðеúܿ졣ΪÁ˼ӿìÆäËû IN ²éѯµÄÖ´ÐУ¬¿ÉÒÔÓà EXISTS Ìæ»» IN£º SELECT - * FROM tab WHERE col IN (SELECT subcol FROM subtab); ¸ÄΪ£º SELECT * - FROM tab WHERE EXISTS (SELECT subcol FROM subtab WHERE subcol = col); + ¡£Èç¹û×Ó²éѯ·µ»ØÉÙÊý¼¸ÐУ¬¶øÍâ²éѯ·µ»ØºÜ¶àÐУ¬IN + Ö´Ðеúܿ졣ΪÁ˼ӿìÆäËû IN ²éѯµÄÖ´ÐУ¬¿ÉÒÔÓà EXISTS Ìæ»» IN£º + SELECT * + FROM tab + WHERE col IN (SELECT subcol FROM subtab); + ¸ÄΪ£º + SELECT * + FROM tab + WHERE EXISTS (SELECT subcol FROM subtab WHERE subcol = col); ºóÕßÒªÏëÖ´Ðеøü¿ì£¬subcol - Ó¦¸ÃÊÇÒ»¸öË÷ÒýÁС£ÎÒÃÇÏ£ÍûÔÚδÀ´µÄ·¢²¼°æ±¾ÖÐ ÐÞ²¹Õâ¸öÏÞÖÆ¡£ 4.23) - ÎÒÔõÑù½øÐÐ outer join £¨ÍâÁ¬½Ó£©£¿ PostgreSQL ²ÉÓñê×¼µÄ SQL - Óï·¨Ö§³ÖÍâÁ¬½Ó¡£ÕâÀïÊÇÁ½¸öÀý×Ó£º SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 - ON (t1.col = t2.col); »ò SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 USING - (col); ÕâÁ½¸öµÈ¼ÛµÄ²éѯÔÚ t1.col ºÍ t2.col ÉÏ×öÁ¬½Ó£¬²¢ÇÒ·µâ»?t1 - ÖÐËùÓÐδÁ¬½ÓµÄ ÐУ¨ÄÇЩÔÚ t2 ÖÐûÓÐÆ¥ÅäµÄÐУ©¡£ÓÒ[Íâ]Á¬½Ó(RIGHT OUTER - JOIN)½«·µ»Ø t2 ÖРδÁ¬½ÓµÄÐС£ÍêÈ«ÍâÁ¬½Ó£¨FULL OUTER JOIN£©½«·µ»Ø t1 - ºÍ t2 ÖÐδÁ¬½ÓµÄÐС£ ¹Ø¼ü×Ö OUTER - ÔÚ×ó[Íâ]Á¬½Ó¡¢ÓÒ[Íâ]Á¬½ÓºÍÍêÈ«[Íâ]Á¬½ÓÖÐÊÇ¿ÉÑ¡µÄ£¬ÆÕͨÁ¬½Ó - ±»³ÉΪÄÚÁ¬½Ó£¨INNER JOIN£©¡£ ÔÚ´ËÇ°µÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬ÍâÁ¬½Ó¿ÉÒÔÓà UNION ºÍ NOT - IN À´Ä£Äâ¡£ÀýÈ磬ÏÂÃæµÄÀý×ÓÔÚ ±í tab1 ºÍ tab2 Ö®¼ä×öÍâÁ¬½Ó£º SELECT - tab1.col1, tab2.col2 FROM tab1, tab2 WHERE tab1.col1 = tab2.col1 UNION - ALL SELECT tab1.col1, NULL FROM tab1 WHERE tab1.col1 NOT IN (SELECT - tab2.col1 FROM tab2) ORDER BY col1 4.24) - ÈçºÎʹÓÃÉæ¼°¶à¸öÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éѯ£¿ + Ó¦¸ÃÊÇÒ»¸öË÷ÒýÁС£ÎÒÃÇÏ£ÍûÔÚδÀ´µÄ·¢²¼°æ±¾ÖÐÐÞ²¹Õâ¸öÏÞÖÆ¡£ + + 4.23) ÎÒÔõÑù½øÐÐ outer join £¨ÍâÁ¬½Ó£©£¿ + + PostgreSQL ²ÉÓñê×¼µÄ SQL Óï·¨Ö§³ÖÍâÁ¬½Ó¡£ÕâÀïÊÇÁ½¸öÀý×Ó£º + SELECT * + FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 ON (t1.col = t2.col); + »ò + SELECT * + FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 USING (col); + ÕâÁ½¸öµÈ¼ÛµÄ²éѯÔÚ t1.col ºÍ t2.col ÉÏ×öÁ¬½Ó£¬²¢ÇÒ·µâ»?t1 + ÖÐËùÓÐδÁ¬½ÓµÄÐУ¨ÄÇЩÔÚ t2 ÖÐûÓÐÆ¥ÅäµÄÐУ©¡£ÓÒ[Íâ]Á¬½Ó(RIGHT OUTER + JOIN)½«·µ»Ø t2 ÖÐδÁ¬½ÓµÄÐС£ÍêÈ«ÍâÁ¬½Ó£¨FULL OUTER JOIN£©½«·µ»Ø t1 ºÍ + t2 ÖÐδÁ¬½ÓµÄÐС£¹Ø¼ü×Ö OUTER + ÔÚ×ó[Íâ]Á¬½Ó¡¢ÓÒ[Íâ]Á¬½ÓºÍÍêÈ«[Íâ]Á¬½ÓÖÐÊÇ¿ÉÑ¡µÄ£¬ÆÕͨÁ¬½Ó±»³ÉΪÄÚÁ¬½Ó + £¨INNER JOIN£©¡£ + ÔÚ´ËÇ°µÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬ÍâÁ¬½Ó¿ÉÒÔÓà UNION ºÍ NOT IN + À´Ä£Äâ¡£ÀýÈ磬ÏÂÃæµÄÀý×ÓÔÚ±í tab1 ºÍ tab2 Ö®¼ä×öÍâÁ¬½Ó£º + SELECT tab1.col1, tab2.col2 + FROM tab1, tab2 + WHERE tab1.col1 = tab2.col1 + UNION ALL + SELECT tab1.col1, NULL + FROM tab1 + WHERE tab1.col1 NOT IN (SELECT tab2.col1 FROM tab2) + ORDER BY col1 + + 4.24) ÈçºÎʹÓÃÉæ¼°¶à¸öÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éѯ£¿ + ûÓа취²éѯµ±Ç°Êý¾Ý¿âÖ®ÍâµÄÊý¾Ý¿â¡£ÒòΪ PostgreSQL - ¼ÓÔØÊý¾Ý¿âÏà¹ØµÄϵͳ Ŀ¼£¨ÏµÍ³±í£©£¬¿çÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éѯÈçºÎÖ´ÐÐҲδÃ÷È·¡£ + ¼ÓÔØÊý¾Ý¿âÏà¹ØµÄϵͳĿ¼£¨ÏµÍ³±í£©£¬¿çÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éѯÈçºÎÖ´ÐÐҲδÃ÷È·¡£ contrib/dblink - ÔÊÐí²ÉÓú¯Êýµ÷ÓÃʵÏÖ¿ç¿â²éѯ¡£µ±È»¿ÉÒÔͬʱÁ¬½Óµ½²»Í¬µÄÊý - ¾Ý¿â²¢ÔÚ¿Í»§¶ËºÏ²¢½á¹û¡£ 4.25) ÈçºÎÈú¯Êý·µ»Ø¶àÐлò¶àÁУ¿ ¿ÉÒÔÔÚ - PL/pgSQL º¯ÊýÖÐʹÓà refcursors ·µ»Ø½á¹û¼¯¡£²Î¿´ - http://www.PostgreSQL.org/idocs/index.php?plpgsql-cursors.html - www.PostgreSQL.org/idocs/index.php?plpgsql-cursors.html>, 23.7.3.3½Ú¡£ - 4.26) ΪʲôÔÚ PL/PgSQL º¯ÊýÖв»ÄÜ¿É¿¿µØ´´½¨»òɾ³ýÁÙʱ±í£¿ PL/PgSQL - »º´æº¯ÊýµÄÄÚÈÝ£¬ÓÉ´Ë´øÀ´µÄÒ»¸ö²»ºÃµÄ¸±×÷ÓÃÊÇÈôÒ»¸ö PL/PgSQL º¯ - Êý·ÃÎÊÁËÒ»¸öÁÙʱ±í£¬È»ºó¸Ã±í±»É¾³ý²¢Öؽ¨ÁË£¬ÔòÔٴε÷Óøú¯Êý½«Ê§°Ü£¬Òò - Ϊ »º´æµÄº¯ÊýÄÚÈÝÈÔȻָÏò¾ÉµÄÁÙʱ±í¡£½â¾öµÄ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ PL/PgSQL ÖÐÓà - EXECUTE ¶ÔÁÙʱ±í½øÐзÃÎÊ¡£ÕâÑù»á±£Ö¤²éѯÔÚÖ´ÐÐÇ°×ÜÊÇÖØзÖÎö¡£ 4.27) - ÓÐÄÄЩÊý¾Ý¸´ÖÆÑ¡Ï + ÔÊÐí²ÉÓú¯Êýµ÷ÓÃʵÏÖ¿ç¿â²éѯ¡£µ±È»¿ÉÒÔͬʱÁ¬½Óµ½²»Í¬µÄÊý¾Ý¿â²¢ÔÚ¿Í»§¶Ë + ºÏ²¢½á¹û¡£ + + 4.25) ÈçºÎÈú¯Êý·µ»Ø¶àÐлò¶àÁУ¿ + + ¿ÉÒÔÔÚ PL/pgSQL º¯ÊýÖÐʹÓà refcursors ·µ»Ø½á¹û¼¯¡£²Î¿´ + http://www.PostgreSQL.org/idocs/index.php?plpgsql-cursors.html, + 23.7.3.3½Ú¡£ + + 4.26) ΪʲôÔÚ PL/PgSQL º¯ÊýÖв»ÄÜ¿É¿¿µØ´´½¨»òɾ³ýÁÙʱ±í£¿ + + PL/PgSQL »º´æº¯ÊýµÄÄÚÈÝ£¬ÓÉ´Ë´øÀ´µÄÒ»¸ö²»ºÃµÄ¸±×÷ÓÃÊÇÈôÒ»¸ö PL/PgSQL + º¯Êý·ÃÎÊÁËÒ»¸öÁÙʱ±í£¬È»ºó¸Ã±í±»É¾³ý²¢Öؽ¨ÁË£¬ÔòÔٴε÷Óøú¯Êý½«Ê§°Ü£¬ + ÒòΪ»º´æµÄº¯ÊýÄÚÈÝÈÔȻָÏò¾ÉµÄÁÙʱ±í¡£½â¾öµÄ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ PL/PgSQL ÖÐÓà + EXECUTE ¶ÔÁÙʱ±í½øÐзÃÎÊ¡£ÕâÑù»á±£Ö¤²éѯÔÚÖ´ÐÐÇ°×ÜÊÇÖØзÖÎö¡£ + + 4.27) ÓÐÄÄЩÊý¾Ý¸´ÖÆÑ¡Ï + Óм¸ÖÖÖ÷/´Ó·½Ê½µÄ¸´ÖÆÑ¡Ïî¡£ÕâЩѡÏîÖ»ÔÊÐíÖ÷Êý¾Ý¿â½øÐиüУ¬´ÓÊý¾Ý¿âÖ»Ä - Ü ½øÐжÁ¡£ÍøÒ³ + ܽøÐжÁ¡£ÍøÒ³ http://gborg.PostgreSQL.org/genpage?replication_research µÄ×îºóÁгöÁËÕâЩѡÏî¡£ÔÚ http://gborg.PostgreSQL.org/project/pgreplication/projdisplay.php - gborg.PostgreSQL.org/project/pgreplication/projdisplay.php> ÕýÔÚ - ½øÐÐÒ»¸ö¶àÖ÷±¾¸´ÖƵĽâ¾ö·½°¸¡£ 4.28) ÓÐÄÄЩÊý¾Ý¼ÓÃÜÑ¡Ï + ÕýÔÚ½øÐÐÒ»¸ö¶àÖ÷±¾¸´ÖƵĽâ¾ö·½°¸¡£ + + 4.28) ÓÐÄÄЩÊý¾Ý¼ÓÃÜÑ¡Ï + contrib/pgcrypto °üº¬Á˺ܶàÔÚ SQL - ²éѯÖÐʹÓõļÓÃܺ¯Êý¡£¼ÓÃÜ¿Í»§¶Ëµ½·þÎñ Æ÷¶Ë´«ÊäÊý¾ÝµÄΨһ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ - pg_hba.conf ÖвÉÓà hostss ¡£ 7.3 - °æ±¾ÖÐ×Ô¶¯¶ÔÊý¾Ý¿âÓû§ÃÜÂë½øÐмÓÃÜ¡£ÔÚÒÔÇ°µÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬±ØÐëÔÚ + ²éѯÖÐʹÓõļÓÃܺ¯Êý¡£¼ÓÃÜ¿Í»§¶Ëµ½·þÎñÆ÷¶Ë´«ÊäÊý¾ÝµÄΨһ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ + pg_hba.conf ÖвÉÓà hostss ¡£ + 7.3 °æ±¾ÖÐ×Ô¶¯¶ÔÊý¾Ý¿âÓû§ÃÜÂë½øÐмÓÃÜ¡£ÔÚÒÔÇ°µÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬±ØÐëÔÚ postgresql.conf Öдò¿ª PASSWORD_ENCRYPTION - Ñ¡Ïî¡£·þÎñÆ÷¿ÉÒÔÔËÐÐÔÚ¼ÓÃÜµÄ ÎļþϵͳÉÏ£¨ÒÔ´ïµ½¼ÓÃܵÄÄ¿µÄ£©¡£ + Ñ¡Ïî¡£·þÎñÆ÷¿ÉÒÔÔËÐÐÔÚ¼ÓÃܵÄÎļþϵͳÉÏ£¨ÒÔ´ïµ½¼ÓÃܵÄÄ¿µÄ£©¡£ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - ---------- À©Õ¹ PostgreSQL 5.1) ÎÒдÁËÒ»¸öÓû§¶¨Ò庯Êý¡£µ±ÎÒÔÚ psql - ÀïÔËÐÐʱ£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´»áµ¼Ö core dump£¿ ²úÉúÕâ¸öÎÊÌâµÄÔ­ - ÒòºÜ¶à¡£ÇëÏÈÔÚÒ»¸öµ¥¶ÀµÄ²âÊÔ³ÌÐòÖвâÊÔÄãµÄ×Ô¶¨Ò庯Êý¡£ 5.2) ÎÒÈçºÎÄܸø - PostgreSQL ¹±Ï×һЩͦ²»´íµÄÐÂÀàÐͺͺ¯Êý£¿ ½«ÄãµÄÀ©Õ¹·¢Ë͵½ - pgsql-hackers ÓʼþÁÐ±í£¬ËüÃÇ×îÖջᱻ·Åµ½ contrib/ ×ÓĿ¼¡£ 5.3) - ÎÒÔõÑùдһ¸ö·µ»ØÒ»ÌõÔª×éµÄ C º¯Êý£¿ ÔÚ PostgreSQL 7.3 ÒÔºóµÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬C, - PL/PgSQL ºÍ SQL ÍêÈ«Ö§³Ö·µ»ØֵΪ±íµÄ º¯Êý¡£¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢Çë²Î¿¼ - ³ÌÐòÔ±Ö¸ÄÏ£¨the Programmer's Guide£©¡£ÔÚ contrib/tablefunc - ÖÐÓÐÒ»¸öÀý×ÓÊÇÓà C дµÄ·µ»ØֵΪ±íµÄº¯Êý¡£ 5.4) - ÎÒÐÞ¸ÄÁËÒ»¸öÔ´Îļþ£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´ÖØбàÒëºóûÓп´µ½¸Ä±ä£¿ Makefiles - ÖÐûÓаüº¬Í·ÎļþµÄÕýÈ·ÒÀÀµ¡£Äú±ØÐëÏÈ×ömake clean£¬ ÔÙ×öÒ»´Î make - ¡£Èç¹ûÄúʹÓõÄÊÇ GCC £¬Ôò¿ÉÒÔ²ÉÓÃÑ¡Ïî --enable-depend ÈñàÒëÆ÷×Ô¶¯ - Éú³ÉÍ·ÎļþµÄÒÀÀµ¹Øϵ¡£ + ---------- + + À©Õ¹ PostgreSQL + + 5.1) ÎÒдÁËÒ»¸öÓû§¶¨Ò庯Êý¡£µ±ÎÒÔÚ psql ÀïÔËÐÐʱ£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´»áµ¼Ö core dump£¿ + + ²úÉúÕâ¸öÎÊÌâµÄÔÒòºÜ¶à¡£ÇëÏÈÔÚÒ»¸öµ¥¶ÀµÄ²âÊÔ³ÌÐòÖвâÊÔÄãµÄ×Ô¶¨Ò庯Êý¡£ + + 5.2) ÎÒÈçºÎÄܸø PostgreSQL ¹±Ï×һЩͦ²»´íµÄÐÂÀàÐͺͺ¯Êý£¿ + + ½«ÄãµÄÀ©Õ¹·¢Ë͵½ pgsql-hackers ÓʼþÁÐ±í£¬ËüÃÇ×îÖջᱻ·Åµ½ contrib/ + ×ÓĿ¼¡£ + + 5.3) ÎÒÔõÑùдһ¸ö·µ»ØÒ»ÌõÔª×éµÄ C º¯Êý£¿ + + ÔÚ PostgreSQL 7.3 ÒÔºóµÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬C, PL/PgSQL ºÍ SQL + ÍêÈ«Ö§³Ö·µ»ØֵΪ±íµÄº¯Êý¡£¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢Çë²Î¿¼ ³ÌÐòÔ±Ö¸ÄÏ£¨the Programmer's + Guide£©¡£ÔÚ contrib/tablefunc ÖÐÓÐÒ»¸öÀý×ÓÊÇÓà C + дµÄ·µ»ØֵΪ±íµÄº¯Êý¡£ + + 5.4) ÎÒÐÞ¸ÄÁËÒ»¸öÔ´Îļþ£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´ÖØбàÒëºóûÓп´µ½¸Ä±ä£¿ + + Makefiles ÖÐûÓаüº¬Í·ÎļþµÄÕýÈ·ÒÀÀµ¡£Äú±ØÐëÏÈ×ömake clean£¬ ÔÙ×öÒ»´Î + make ¡£Èç¹ûÄúʹÓõÄÊÇ GCC £¬Ôò¿ÉÒÔ²ÉÓÃÑ¡Ïî --enable-depend + ÈñàÒëÆ÷×Ô¶¯Éú³ÉÍ·ÎļþµÄÒÀÀµ¹Øϵ¡£ diff --git a/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_chinese.html b/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_chinese.html index be96a4c0af..cbb6190729 100644 --- a/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_chinese.html +++ b/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_chinese.html @@ -1,646 +1,531 @@ - - PostgreSQL ³£¼ûÎÊÌ⣨FAQ£© - -×î½ü¸üУº2003 Äê 01 Ô 06 ÈÕ ÐÇÆÚÒ» 22:27:35 CST - -Ŀǰά»¤ÈËÔ±£ºBruce Momjian (pgman@candle.pha.pa.us -) -ÖÐÎÄ°æά»¤ÈËÔ±£ººÎΰƽ £¨laser@pgsqldb.com £© - -±¾ÎĵµµÄ×îа汾¿ÉÒÔÔÚhttp: -//www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ.html ²é¿´¡£ - -²Ù×÷ϵͳƽ̨Ïà¹ØµÄÎÊÌâÔÚhttp://www.postgresql.org/docs/faq/Àï»Ø´ð¡£ - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - ³£¼ûÎÊÌâ - -1.1 <#1.1>) PostgreSQL ÊÇʲô£¿¸ÃÔõô·¢Òô£¿ -1.2 <#1.2>) PostgreSQL µÄ°æȨÊÇʲô? -1.3 <#1.3>) PostgreSQL ÔËÐÐÔÚʲô Unix ƽ̨ÉÏ£¿ -1.4 <#1.4>) ¿ÉÓÃµÄ·Ç Unix ƽ̨ÓÐÄÇЩ£¿ -1.5 <#1.5>) ÎÒ´ÓÄÄÀïÄܵõ½ PostgreSQL£¿ -1.6 <#1.6>) ÎÒ´ÓÄÄÀïÄܵõ½¶Ô PostgreSQL µÄÖ§³Ö£¿ -1.7 <#1.7>) PostgreSQL ×îеİ汾ÊÇʲô£¿ -1.8 <#1.8>) ÓÐÄÄЩ¿ÉÓÃµÄ PostgreSQL µÄÎĵµ£¿ -1.9 <#1.9>) ÎÒÈçºÎÁ˽âÒÑÖªµÄ BUG »òȱʧµÄÌØÐÔ£¿ -1.10 <#1.10>) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùѧϰ SQL £¿ -1.11 <#1.11>) PostgreSQL ÊÇ Y2K ¼æÈݵÄÂ𣿠-1.12 <#1.12>) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑù¼ÓÈ뿪·¢¶ÓÎ飿 -1.13 <#1.13>) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùÌá½»Ò»¸ö BUG ±¨¸æ£¿ -1.14 <#1.14>) PostgreSQL ºÍÆäËû DBMS ±ÈÆðÀ´ÈçºÎ£¿ -1.15 <#1.15>) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùÔÞÖú PostgreSQL £¿ - - - Óû§¿Í»§¶ËÎÊÌâ - -2.1 <#2.1>) ÓÐ PostgreSQL µÄ ODBC Çý¶¯³ÌÐòô£¿ -2.2 <#2.2>) ÓÐʲô¹¤¾ß¿ÉÒÔ°Ñ PostgreSQL ÓÃÓÚ Web Ò³Ã棿 -2.3 <#2.3>) PostgreSQL ÓµÓÐͼÐÎÓû§½çÃæÂ𣿠-2.4 <#2.4>) ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÓÃʲôÓïÑÔºÍ PostgreSQL ´ò½»µÀ£¿ - - - ϵͳ¹ÜÀíÎÊÌâ - -3.1 <#3.1>) ÎÒÔõÑùÄÜ°Ñ PostgreSQL ×°ÔÚ /usr/local/pgsql ÒÔÍâµÄµØ·½£¿ -3.2 <#3.2>) µ±ÎÒÔËÐÐ postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ/ Bad System Call/£¨ÏµÍ³µ÷ÓÃ´í£© -»ò Core Dumped ´íÎó¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿ -3.3 <#3.3>) µ±ÎÒÊÔͼÔËÐÐ postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ /IpcMemoryCreate/ ´íÎó¡£Îª -ʲô£¿ -3.4 <#3.4>) µ±ÎÒÊÔͼÔËÐÐ postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ /IpcSemaphoreCreate/ ´íÎó¡£ -Ϊʲô£¿ -3.5 <#3.5>) ÎÒÈçºÎ¿ØÖÆÀ´×ÔÆäËûÖ÷»úµÄÁ¬½Ó£¿ -3.6 <#3.6>) ÎÒÔõÑùµ÷ÕûÊý¾Ý¿âÒýÇæÒÔ»ñµÃ¸üºÃµÄÐÔÄÜ£¿ -3.7 <#3.7>) PostgreSQL Àï¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃʲôÑùµÄµ÷ÊÔÌØÐÔ£¿ -3.8 <#3.8>) ΪʲôÔÚÊÔͼÁ¬½ÓµÇ¼ʱÊÕµ½¡°Sorry, too many clients¡± ÏûÏ¢£¿ -3.9 <#3.9>) pgsql_tmp Ŀ¼ÀﶼÓÐЩʲô£¿ -3.10 <#3.10>) ΪʲôҪÔÚÉý¼¶ PostgreSQL ·¢²¼°æ±¾Ê±×ö dump ºÍ restore £¿ - - - ²Ù×÷ÎÊÌâ - -4.1 <#4.1>) ¶þ½øÖÆÓαêºÍÆÕͨÓαêÖ®¼äµÄÇø±ðÊÇʲô£¿ -4.2 <#4.2>) ÈçºÎֻѡÔñÒ»¸ö²éѯ½á¹ûµÄÍ·¼¸ÐУ¿ -4.3 <#4.3>) ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñÈ¡Ò»¸öÊý¾Ý¿âÖбíµÄÁÐ±í£¬»òÕßÊÇÆäËûÎÒÄÜÔÚ /psql /Àï¿´ -µ½µÄ¶«Î÷£¿ -4.4 <#4.4>) ÔõÑù´Ó±íÀïÃæɾ³ýÒ»ÁУ¿ -4.5 <#4.5>) Ò»ÐУ¬Ò»¸ö±í£¬Ò»¸ö¿âµÄ×î´ó³ß´çÊǶàÉÙ£¿ -4.6 <#4.6>) ´æ´¢Ò»¸öµäÐ͵ÄÎı¾ÎļþÀïµÄÊý¾ÝÐèÒª¶àÉÙ´ÅÅ̿ռ䣿 -4.7 <#4.7>) ÈçºÎ²é¿´±í¡¢Ë÷Òý¡¢Êý¾Ý¿âÒÔ¼°Óû§µÄ¶¨Ò壿 -4.8 <#4.8>) ÎҵIJéѯºÜÂý»òÕßûÓÐÀûÓÃË÷Òý¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿ -4.9 <#4.9>) ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜ¿´µ½²éѯÓÅ»¯Æ÷ÊÇÔõÑù´¦ÀíÎҵIJéѯµÄ£¿ -4.10 <#4.10>) R-tree Ë÷ÒýÊÇʲô£¿ -4.11 <#4.11>) ʲôÊÇ»ùÒò²éѯÓÅ»¯£¨Genetic Query Optimization£©£¿ -4.12 <#4.12>) ÎÒÔõÑù×öÕýÔò±í´ïʽËÑË÷ºÍ´óСдÎ޹صÄÕýÔò±í´ïʽ²éÕÒ£¿ÔõÑùÀû -ÓÃË÷Òý½øÐдóСдÎ޹زéÕÒ£¿ -4.13 <#4.13>) ÔÚÒ»¸ö²éѯÀÎÒÔõÑù¼ì²âÒ»¸ö×Ö¶ÎÊÇ·ñΪ NULL£¿ -4.14 <#4.14>) ¸÷ÖÖ×Ö·ûÀàÐÍÖ®¼äÓÐʲô²»Í¬£¿ -4.15.1 <#4.15.1>) ÎÒÔõÑù´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁкÅ/×Ô¶¯µÝÔöµÄ×ֶΣ¿ -4.15.2 <#4.15.2>) ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñµÃÒ»¸ö²åÈëµÄÐòÁкŵÄÖµ£¿ -4.15.3 <#4.15.3>) ʹÓà currval() ºÍ nextval() »áµ¼ÖºÍÆäËûÓû§µÄÎÉÂÒÇé¿ö -£¨race condition£©Â𣿠-4.15.4 <#4.15.4>) Ϊʲô²»ÔÚÊÂÎñÒì³£ÖÐÖ¹ºóÖØÓÃÐòÁкÅÄØ£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´ÔÚÐòÁкÅ×Ö -¶ÎµÄÈ¡ÖµÖдæÔÚ¼ä¶ÏÄØ£¿ -4.16 <#4.16>) ʲôÊÇ OID£¿Ê²Ã´ÊÇ TID £¿ -4.17 <#4.17>) PostgreSQL ʹÓõÄһЩÊõÓïµÄº¬ÒåÊÇʲô£¿ -4.18 <#4.18>) ΪʲôÎÒÊÕµ½´íÎó¡°/ERROR: Memory exhausted in -AllocSetAlloc()/¡±£¿ -4.19 <#4.19>) ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜÖªµÀËùÔËÐÐµÄ PostgreSQL µÄ°æ±¾£¿ -4.20 <#4.20>) ΪʲôÎҵĴó¶ÔÏó²Ù×÷µ¼Ö´íÎó¡°/invalid large obj -descriptor¡±£¨·Ç·¨µÄ´ó¶ÔÏóÃèÊö·û£©/£¿ -4.21 <#4.21>) ÎÒÈçºÎ´´½¨Ò»¸öȱʡֵÊǵ±Ç°Ê±¼äµÄ×ֶΣ¿ -4.22 <#4.22>) ΪʲôʹÓà IN µÄ×Ó²éѯÕâôÂý£¿ -4.23 <#4.23>) ÈçºÎ½øÐÐ outer join £¨ÍâÁ¬½Ó£©£¿ -4.24 <#4.24>) ÈçºÎʹÓÃÉæ¼°¶à¸öÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éѯ£¿ - -4.25 <#4.25>) ÈçºÎÈú¯Êý·µ»Ø¶àÐлò¶àÁУ¿ - -4.26 <#4.26>) ΪʲôÔÚ PL/PgSQL º¯ÊýÖв»ÄÜ¿É¿¿µØ´´½¨»òɾ³ýÁÙʱ±í£¿ - -4.27 <#4.27>) ÓÐÄÄЩÊý¾Ý¸´ÖÆÑ¡Ï -4.28 <#4.28>) ÓÐÄÄЩÊý¾Ý¼ÓÃÜÑ¡Ï - - - À©Õ¹ PostgreSQL - -5.1 <#5.1>) ÎÒдÁËÒ»¸öÓû§¶¨Ò庯Êý¡£µ±ÎÒÔÚ/ psql/ ÀïÔËÐÐʱ£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´»áµ¼Ö -core dump£¿ -5.2 <#5.2>) ÎÒÈçºÎÄܸø PostgreSQL ¹±Ï×һЩͦ²»´íµÄÐÂÀàÐͺͺ¯Êý£¿ -5.3 <#5.3>) ÎÒÔõÑùдһ¸ö·µ»ØÒ»Ìõ¼Ç¼µÄ C º¯Êý£¿ -5.4 <#5.4>) ÎÒÐÞ¸ÄÁËÒ»¸öÔ´Îļþ£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´ÖØбàÒëºóûÓп´µ½¸Ä±ä£¿ ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - ³£¼ûÎÊÌâ - - - 1.1) PostgreSQL ÊÇʲô£¿¸ÃÔõô·¢Òô£¿ - -PostgreSQL ¶Á×÷ /Post-Gres-Q-L// ¡£/ - -PostgreSQL ÊÇÏÂÒ»´ú DBMS µÄÑо¿Ô­ÐÍ POSTGRES Êý¾Ý¿â¹ÜÀíϵͳµÄÔöÇ¿°æ¡£ -PostgreSQL ÔÚ±£³Ö POSTGRES µÄÇ¿´óµÄÊý¾ÝÄ£ÐͺͷḻµÄÊý¾ÝÀàÐ͵Ļù´¡ÉÏ£¬Óà -Ò»¸öÀ©Õ¹Á赀 SQL ×Ó¼¯È¡´úÁËÔ­Ï鵀 PostQuel ²éѯÓïÑÔ¡£PostgreSQL ÊÇ×ÔÓÉµÄ -²¢ÇÒËùÓÐÔ´´úÂ붼¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ¡£ - -PostgreSQL µÄ¿ª·¢ÓÉ²Î¼Ó PostgreSQL ¿ª·¢ÓʼþÁбíµÄÒ»¸ö¿ª·¢ÈËԱС×é½øÐС£ -Ä¿Ç°µÄЭµ÷ÈËÊÇ Marc G. Fournier £¨scrappy@postgreSQL.org - £©¡££¨¹ØÓÚÈçºÎ¼ÓÈë²Î¼û1.6½Ú£©¡£Õâ¸ö¶ÓÎé -ÏÖÔÚ¸ºÔð PostgreSQL µÄËùÓпª·¢¡£ - -PostgreSQL 1.01 µÄ×÷ÕßÊÇ Andrew Yu ºÍ Jolly Chen¡£»¹ÓÐÐí¶àÆäËûÈËΪÒÆÖ²£¬ -²âÊÔ£¬µ÷ÊÔºÍÔöÇ¿´úÂë×öÁË´óÁ¿¹±Ïס£PostgreSQL µÄ×î³õÆðÔ´ Postgres£¬ÊÇÔÚ¼Ó -ÖÝ´óѧ²®¿ËÀû·ÖУµÄ Michael Stonebraker ½ÌÊÚµÄÖ¸µ¼Ï£¬ÓÉÐí¶àÑо¿Éú£¬±¾¿Æ -ÉúºÍ±à³ÌÖ°Ô±Íê³ÉµÄ¡£ - -Õâ¸öÈí¼þ×î³õÔÚ²®¿ËÀûµÄÃû×ÖÊÇ Postgres¡£ÔÚ 1995 Ä꣬µ±Ôö¼ÓÁË SQL ¹¦ÄÜºó£¬ -ËüµÄÃû×Ö¸Ä³É Postgres95¡£ÔÚ 1996ÄêÄ©£¬²Å¸ÄÃûΪ PostgreSQL¡£ - - - 1.2) PostgreSQL µÄ°æȨÊÇʲô? - -PostgreSQL ÊÜÏÂÃæµÄ°æȨԼÊø¡£ - -PostgreSQL Êý¾Ý¿â¹ÜÀíϵͳ - -£¨PostgreSQL Data Base Management System£© - -²¿·Ö°æȨ£¨c£©1996-2002£¬PostgreSQL È«Çò¿ª·¢Ð¡×é -²¿·Ö°æȨ£¨c£©1994-6 ¼ÓÖÝ´óѧ¶­Ê - -£¨Portions copyright (c) 1996-2002, PostgreSQL Global Development Group - Portions Copyright (c) 1994-6 Regents of the University of California£© - -ÔÊÐíΪÈκÎÄ¿µÄʹÓ㬿½±´£¬Ð޸ĺͷַ¢Õâ¸öÈí¼þºÍËüµÄÎĵµ¶ø²»ÊÕÈ¡ÈκηÑÓ㬠-²¢ÇÒÎÞÐëÇ©ÊðÒò´Ë¶ø²úÉúµÄÖ¤Ã÷£¬Ç°ÌáÊÇÉÏÃæµÄ°æȨÉùÃ÷ºÍ±¾¶ÎÒÔ¼°ÏÂÃæÁ½¶ÎÎÄ×Ö -³öÏÖÔÚËùÓп½±´ÖС£ - -£¨Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its -documentation for any purpose, without fee, and without a written -agreement is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice -and this paragraph and the following two paragraphs appear in all copies.£© - -ÔÚÈκÎÇé¿öÏ£¬¼ÓÖÝ´óѧ¶¼²»³Ðµ£ÒòʹÓôËÈí¼þ¼°ÆäÎĵµ¶øµ¼ÖµĶÔÈκε±ÊÂÈ赀 -Ö±½ÓµÄ£¬¼ä½ÓµÄ£¬ÌØÊâµÄ£¬¸½¼ÓµÄ»òÕßÏà°é¶øÉúµÄË𻵣¬°üÀ¨ÀûÒæËðʧµÄÔðÈΣ¬¼´ -ʹ¼ÓÖÝ´óѧÒѾ­½¨ÒéÁËÕâЩËðʧµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔʱҲÊÇÈç´Ë¡£ - -£¨IN NO EVENT SHALL THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY -FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, -INCLUDING LOST PROFITS, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS -DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAS BEEN ADVISED OF -THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.£© - -¼ÓÖÝ´óѧÃ÷È··ÅÆúÈκα£Ö¤£¬°üÀ¨µ«²»¾ÖÏÞÓÚijһÌض¨ÓÃ;µÄÉÌÒµºÍÀûÒæµÄÒþº¬±£ -Ö¤¡£ÕâÀïÌṩµÄÕâ·ÝÈí¼þÊÇ»ùÓÚ¡°µ±×÷ÊÇ¡±µÄ»ù´¡µÄ£¬Òò¶ø¼ÓÖÝ´óѧûÓÐÔðÈÎÌṩά -»¤£¬Ö§³Ö£¬¸üУ¬ÔöÇ¿»òÕßÐ޸ĵķþÎñ¡£ - -£¨THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, -INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY -AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS -ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAS NO OBLIGATIONS -TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.£© - -ÉÏÃæ¾ÍÊÇ BSD °æȨÉùÃ÷£¬Ò»¸ö¾­µäµÄ¿ªÔ´°æȨÉùÃ÷¡£Ëü¶ÔÔ´´úÂëµÄʹÓÃδ×÷ÈκΠ-ÏÞÖÆ¡£ÎÒÃÇϲ»¶Ëü²¢ÇÒ²»´òËã¸Ä±äËü¡£ - - - 1.3) PostgreSQL ÔËÐÐÔÚʲô Unix ƽ̨ÉÏ£¿ - -Ò»°ã˵À´£¬Ò»¸öÏÖ´úµÄ UNIX ¼æÈݵÄƽ̨¶¼ÄÜÔËÐÐ PostgreSQL ¡£ÔÚ°²×°Ö¸ÄÏÀïÁÐ -³öÁË·¢²¼Ê±¾­¹ýÃ÷È·²âÊÔµÄƽ̨¡£ - - - 1.4) ¿ÉÓÃµÄ·Ç Unix ƽ̨ÓÐÄÄЩ£¿ - -¿Í»§¶Ë - -°Ñ libpq C ¿â£¬psql£¬ÆäËû½Ó¿ÚºÍ¿Í»§¶ËÓ¦ÓóÌÐò±àÒë³É¿ÉÒÔÔÚ MS Windows ƽ -̨ÉÏÔËÐÐÊÇ¿ÉÄܵġ£ÕâÖÖÇé¿öÏ£¬¿Í»§¶ËÔÚ MS Windows ÉÏÔËÐУ¬²¢ÇÒͨ¹ý -TCP/IP ÓëÒ»¸öÔËÐÐÔÚÎÒÃÇÖ§³ÖµÄ Unix ƽ̨ÉϵķþÎñÆ÷½øÐÐͨѶ¡£·¢²¼°æ±¾Öаü -º¬Ò»¸öÎļþ win32.mak ÓÃÓÚÉú³É Win32 libpq ¿âºÍ psql ¡£PostgreSQL Ò²¿ÉÒÔ -ºÍ ODBC ¿Í»§¶ËͨѶ¡£ - -·þÎñÆ÷ - -Êý¾Ý¿â·þÎñÆ÷ÏÖÔÚ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý Cygwin £¬Cygnus µÄ Unix/NT ÒÆÖ²¿âÔÚ Windows NT -ºÍ Win2k ÉÏÔËÐС£²ÎÔÄ·¢²¼°æ±¾ÀïµÄ See /pgsql/doc/FAQ_MSWIN/ Îļþ»ò -http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/faq-mswin.html ¡£ - -ÒÆÖ²µ½ MS Win NT/2000/XP µÄ±¾»ú°æµÄ¹¤×÷ÕýÔÚ½øÐС£ - - - 1.5) ÎÒ´ÓÄÄÀïÄܵõ½ PostgreSQL£¿ - -PostgreSQL µÄÖ÷ÄäÃûFTPÕ¾µãÊÇ ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub£¬¾µÏñÕ¾µã¿ÉÒÔ -²Î¿¼ÎÒÃÇÍøÕ¾µÄÖ÷Ò³¡£ - - - 1.6) ÎÒ´ÓÄÄÀïÄܵõ½¶Ô PostgreSQL µÄÖ§³Ö£¿ - -Ö÷ÒªµÄÓʼþÁбíÊÇ£ºpgsql-general@postgreSQL.org -¡£¿ÉÒÔÔÚÄÇÀïÌÖÂÛÓÐ¹Ø PostgreSQL µÄ -ÎÊÌâ¡£Òª¼ÓÈëÁÐ±í£¬·¢Ò»·âÓʼþÄÚÈÝ£¨²»ÊÇÖ÷ÌâÐУ©Îª - - subscribe - end - -µÄÓʼþµ½ pgsql-general-request@postgreSQL.org - ¡£ - -»¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñÈ¡ÕªÒªÁÐ±í¡£Òª¼ÓÈëÕâ¸öÁÐ±í£¬·¢Óʼþµ½£ºpgsql-general-digest- -request@postgreSQL.org -£¬ÆäÄÚÈÝΪ£º - - subscribe - end - -ÿµ±Ö÷Áбí´ïµ½´óÔ¼ 30k µÄÏûÏ¢ÄÚÈÝʱ£¬ÕªÒª¾Í·¢Ë͸øÕâ¸öÁбíµÄ³ÉÔ±¡£ - -»¹¿ÉÒԲμӳô³æÓʼþÁÐ±í¡£Òª¼ÓÈëÕâ¸öÁÐ±í£¬·¢ËÍÒ»¸öÓʼþµ½ -bugs-request@postgreSQL.org £¬ÄÚÈÝΪ£º - - subscribe - end - -»¹¿ÉÒԲμӿª·¢ÈËÔ±ÓʼþÁÐ±í¡£Òª¼ÓÈëÕâ¸öÁÐ±í£¬·¢ËÍÒ»¸öÓʼþµ½ -hackers-request@postgreSQL.org £¬ -ÄÚÈÝΪ£º - - subscribe - end - -ÆäËûµÄ¹ØÓÚ PostgreSQL ÓʼþÁбíºÍÆäËûÐÅÏ¢¿ÉÒÔÔÚ PostgreSQL µÄ WWW Ö÷Ò³ÕÒµ½£º - - http://postgresql.org/ - -ÔÚ EFNet ÀﻹÓÐÒ»¸ö IRC ƵµÀ£¬ÆµµÀ #PostgreSQL¡£ÎÒÓà unix ÃüÁîirc -c -'#PostgreSQL' "$USER" irc.phoenix.net - -ÉÌÒµÖ§³Ö¹«Ë¾µÄÁбíÔÚ -http://www.PostgreSQL.org/users-lounge/commercial-support.html ¡£ - - - 1.7) PostgreSQL ×îеİ汾ÊÇʲô£¿ - -PostgreSQL ×îеİ汾ÊÇ°æ±¾ 7.2.3¡££¨Òë×¢£ºÏÖÔÚÓ¦¸ÃÊÇ 7.3.1 ÁË¡££© - -ÎÒÃǼƻ®Ã¿ËĸöÔ·¢²¼Ò»¸öÖ÷Òª°æ±¾¡£ - - - 1.8) ÓÐÄÄЩ¿ÉÓÃµÄ PostgreSQL µÄÎĵµ£¿ - -ÔÚ·¢²¼°üÀïÓÐһЩÊֲᣬÊÖ²áÒ³ºÍһЩСµÄ²âÊÔÀý×Ó¡£²Î¼û /doc Ŀ¼¡££¨Òë×¢£º -ӦΪ $PGHOME/doc£©¡£Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔÔÚÏßä¯ÀÀ PostgreSQL µÄÊֲᣬÔÚ -http://www.PostgreSQL.org/users-lounge/docs/ ¡£ - -ÓÐÁ½±¾¹ØÓÚ PostgreSQL µÄÊéÔÚÏßÌṩ£¬ÔÚ -http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/awbook.html - ºÍ -http://www.commandprompt.com/ppbook/ - ¡£ÔÚ -http://www.ca.PostgreSQL.org/books/ - ÉÏÓйØÓÚ PostgreSQL µÄ¿É¹ºÊé¼®µÄÁÐ -±í¡£ÔÚ http://techdocs.PostgreSQL.org/ -ÉÏÊÕ¼¯ÁËÓÐ¹Ø PostgreSQL µÄ¼¼ÊõÎÄÕ¡£ - -/psql/ ÓÐһЩ²»´íµÄ \d ÃüÁÏÔʾ¹ØÓÚÀàÐÍ£¬²Ù×÷·û£¬º¯Êý£¬¾Û¼¯µÈµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£ - -ÎÒÃÇµÄ web Õ¾µã°üº¬¸ü¶àµÄÎĵµ£® - - - 1.9) ÎÒÈçºÎÁ˽âÒÑÖªµÄ BUG ºÍȱʧµÄÌØÐÔ£¿ - -PostgreSQL Ö§³ÖÒ»¸öÀ©Õ¹Á赀 SQL-92 µÄ×Ó¼¯¡£²ÎÔÄÎÒÃÇµÄ TODO - -ÁÐ±í£¬»ñÈ¡Ò»¸öÒÑÖª³ô³æ£¬È±Ê§ÌØ -ÐÔºÍδÀ´¼Æ»®¡£ - - - 1.10) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùѧϰ SQL£¿ - -ÔÚ http://www.postgresql.org/docs/awbook.html µÄ¹ØÓÚ PostgreSQL µÄÊé½ÌÊÚ -SQL¡££¨Òë×¢£ºÎÒÏÂÔص½±¾µØÁË¡££©ÔÚ http://www.commandprompt.com/ppbook - ÓÐÁíÍâÒ»±¾¹ØÓÚ PostgreSQL µÄÊé¡£ -ÔÚhttp://www.intermedia.net/support/sql/sqltut.shtm£¬http: -//ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/graeme_birchall/HTM_COOK.HTM - -ºÍ http://sqlcourse.com ÓÐÒ»¸ö²»´íµÄÈëÃŽ̡̳£ - -ÁíÒ»¸öÊÇ "Teach Yourself SQL in 21 Days, Second Edition"£¨21Ììѧ»áSQL£¬ -µÚ¶þ°æ£©£¬ÔÚ http://members.tripod.com/er4ebus/sql/index.htm - - -ÎÒÃǵÄÐí¶àÓû§Ï²»¶ /The Practical SQL Handbook, Bowman, Judith S., et -al., Addison-Wesley ¡£ / ÆäËûµÄÓÐ/ The Complete Reference SQL, Groff et -al., McGraw-Hill ¡£/ - - - 1.11) PostgreSQL ÊÇ Y2K ¼æÈݵÄÂ𣿠- -ÊÇ£¬ÎÒÃǺÜÈÝÒ׿ØÖÆ 2000 AD Ö®ºóºÍ 2000 BC ֮ǰµÄÈÕÆÚ¡£ - - - 1.12) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑù¼ÓÈ뿪·¢¶ÓÎ飿 - -Ê×ÏÈ£¬ÏÂÔØ×îеÄÔ´´úÂë²¢ÔĶÁÎÒÃÇ web Õ¾µã»ò·¢²¼°üÖÐµÄ PostgreSQL ¿ª·¢Õß -Îĵµ¡£Æä´Î£¬¼ÓÈë pgsql-hackers ºÍ pgsql-patches ÓʼþÁÐ±í¡£µÚÈý£¬Ïò -pgsql-patches Ìá½»¸ßÖÊÁ¿µÄ²¹¶¡³ÌÐò¡£ - -ÏÖÔÚ´ó¸ÅÓÐÊ®¼¸¸öÈËÓÐ PostgreSQL CVS ¹éµµ COMMIT µÄȨÏÞ¡£ËûÃǶ¼ÒѾ­Ìá½»ÁË -·Ç³£¶à¸ßÖÊÁ¿µÄ²¹¶¡ÁË£¬ÒÔÖÁÓÚÏÖÓеÄÌá½»È˺ÜÄѸúÉϽÚ×࣬²¢ÇÒÎÒÃÇÏàÐÅËûÃÇÌá -½»µÄ²¹¶¡¶¼ÊǸßÖÊÁ¿µÄ¡£ - - - 1.13) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùÌá½»Ò»¸öBUG±¨¸æ£¿ - -Çë·ÃÎÊ http://www.PostgreSQL.org/bugs/bugs.php µÄ PostgreSQL BugTool Ò³ -Ãæ, ÄÇÀï¸ø³öÁËÈçºÎÌá½»Ò»¸öBUG±¨¸æµÄÖ¸ÄÏ¡£ - -ͬÑùÒ²Òª¿´¿´ÎÒÃÇµÄ ftp Õ¾µã ftp://ftp.postgreSQL.org/pub -£¬¿´ÓÐûÓиüÐ嵀 PostgreSQL °æ±¾»ò²¹¶¡¡£ - - - 1.14) PostgreSQL ºÍÆäËû DBMS ±ÈÆðÀ´ÈçºÎ£¿ - -ÆÀ¼ÛÈí¼þÓкü¸ÖÖ·½·¨£ºÌØÐÔ£¬ÐÔÄÜ£¬¿É¿¿ÐÔ£¬Ö§³ÖºÍ¼Û¸ñ¡£ - -*ÌØÐÔ* - PostgreSQL ÓµÓдóÐÍÉÌÓà DBMS Àï´ó¶àÊýÌØÐÔ£¬ÀýÈ磺ÊÂÎñ£¬×Ó²éѯ£¬´¥·¢ - Æ÷£¬ÊÓͼ£¬Íâ¼ü²Î¿¼ÍêÕûÐԺ͸´ÔÓµÄËøµÈ¡£ÎÒÃÇ»¹ÓÐһЩËüÃÇûÓеÄÌØÐÔ£¬Èç - Óû§¶¨ÒåÀàÐÍ£¬¼Ì³Ð£¬¹æÔòºÍ¶à°æ±¾²¢ÐпØÖÆÒÔ¼õÉÙËøµÄÕùÓõȡ£ - -*ÐÔÄÜ* - PostgreSQL ºÍÆäËûÉÌÓúͿªÔ´µÄÊý¾Ý¿â¾ßÓÐÀàËƵÄÐÔÄÜ¡£¶ÔijЩ´¦ÀíËü±È½Ï - ¿ì£¬¶ÔÆäËûһЩ´¦ÀíËü±È½ÏÂý¡£Óë MySQL »ò¸üÇá±ãµÄÊý¾Ý¿âϵͳ±È½Ï£¬ÎÒÃÇ - ÔÚ insert/update ʱÂý£¬ÒòΪÎÒÃÇÓÐÊÂÎñ´¦Àí¡£µ±È» MySQL ²»¾ßÓÐÎÒÃÇÔÚÉÏ - ÃæµÄ/ÌØÐÔ /¶ÎÀï¸ø³öµÄÈκÎÌØÐÔ¡£ÎÒÃǵÄÖ÷Òª·½ÏòÊÇ¿É¿¿ÐÔºÍÌØÐÔ£¬¾¡¹ÜÎÒ - ÃÇÔÚÿ´Î·¢²¼Ê±²»¶ÏµØ¸Ä½øÐÔÄÜ¡£ÓÐÒ»¸öºÜÓÐȤµÄÍøÒ³±È½ÏÁË PostgreSQL ºÍ - MySQL http://openacs.org/why-not-mysql.html¡£ -*¿É¿¿ÐÔ* - ÎÒÃÇÖªµÀ DBMS ±ØÐëÊÇ¿É¿¿µÄ£¬·ñÔòËü¾ÍÒ»µãÓö¼Ã»ÓС£ÎÒÃÇŬÁ¦×öµ½·¢²¼¾­ - ¹ýÈÏÕæ²âÊԵģ¬Îȶ¨µÄ³ô³æ×îÉٵĴúÂ롣ÿ¸ö°æ±¾ÖÁÉÙÓÐÒ»¸öÔ嵀 beta ²â - ÊÔ£¬²¢ÇÒÎÒÃǵķ¢²¼ÀúÊ·ÏÔʾÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÌṩÎȶ¨µÄ£¬Àι̵ģ¬¿ÉÓÃÓÚÉú²úʹÓà - µÄ°æ±¾¡£ÎÒÃÇÏàÐÅÔÚÕâ·½ÃæÎÒÃÇÓëÆäËûµÄÊý¾Ý¿âÈí¼þÊÇÏ൱µÄ¡£ - -*Ö§³Ö* - ÎÒÃǵÄÓʼþÁбíÌṩһ¸ö·Ç³£´óµÄ¿ª·¢ÈËÔ±ºÍÓû§µÄ×éÒÔ°ïÖú½â¾öËùÅöµ½µÄÈÎ - ºÎÎÊÌâ¡£ÎÒÃDz»Äܱ£Ö¤¿Ï¶¨Äܽâ¾öÎÊÌ⣬Ïà±È֮ϣ¬ÉÌÓà DBMS Ò²²¢²»ÊÇ×ÜÄÜ - ¹»Ìṩ½â¾ö·½·¨¡£Ö±½ÓÓ뿪·¢ÈËÔ±£¬Óû§Èº£¬ÊÖ²áºÍÔ´³ÌÐò½Ó´¥Áî - PostgreSQL µÄÖ§³Ö±ÈÆäËû DBMS »¹ÒªºÃ¡£»¹ÓÐһЩÉÌÒµÐÔµÄÔ¤°ü×°µÄÖ§³Ö£¬ - ¿ÉÒÔ¸øÌṩ¸øÄÇЩÐèÒªµÄÈË¡££¨²ÎÔÄÖ§³Ö FAQ Ìõ¿î 1.6 С½Ú¡££© - -*¼Û¸ñ* - ÎÒÃǶÔÈκÎÓÃ;¶¼Ãâ·Ñ£¬°üÀ¨ÉÌÓúͷÇÉÌÓÃÄ¿µÄ¡£Äã¿ÉÒÔ²»¼ÓÏÞÖƵØÏòÄãµÄ²ú - Æ·Àï¼ÓÈëÎÒÃǵĴúÂ룬³ýÁËÄÇЩÎÒÃÇÔÚÉÏÃæµÄ°æȨÉùÃ÷ÀïÉùÃ÷µÄ BSD ·ç¸ñµÄ - °æȨÍâ¡£ - - - 1.15) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùÔÞÖú PostgreSQL £¿ - -×Ô´Ó1996Ä꿪ʼ£¬PostgreSQL ÒѾ­ÓÐÁËÒ»¸öÓÅÐãµÄ×éÖ¯¡£ÕâЩӦ¸Ã¹é¹¦ÓÚ Marc -Fournier£¬ÊÇËû´´½¨Á˲¢ÔÚÕâЩÄêÒ»Ö±¹ÜÀíÕâ¸ö×éÖ¯¡£ - -¶ÔÓÚÒ»¸ö¿ªÔ´ÏîÄ¿À´Ëµ£¬ÖÊÁ¿»ù´¡ÉèÊ©ÊǷdz£ÖØÒªµÄ¡£ËüÄÜ·ÀÖ¹³öÏÖÑÏÖØÑÓ³ÙÏîÄ¿ -Ç°½øµÄ»ìÂÒ¡£ - -ÏÔÈ»£¬Õâ¸ö×éÖ¯µÄÔËת³É±¾²»·Æ¡£Î¬³ÖÆäÇ°½øÓи÷ÖÖÔ¶ȵġ¢Ò»´ÎÐԵĿªÖ§¡£Èç¹û -Äã»òÕßÄãµÄ¹«Ë¾ÄܽøÐоèÔùÒÔÖ§³ÖÕâÏîÊÂÒµ£¬Çë·ÃÎÊ -http://store.pgsql.com/shopping/ ½øÐÐ -¾èÔù¡£ - -ËäÈ»¸ÃÍøÒ³Ìá¼°ÁË PostgreSQL ¹«Ë¾£¬ÕâЩ¾èÔù½«½öÓÃÓÚÖ§³Ö PostgreSQL ÏîÄ¿£¬ -²¢²»»áÓÃÓÚ×ÊÖúû¸öÌض¨µÄ¹«Ë¾¡£Èç¹ûÄãÔ¸Ò⣬Ҳ¿ÉÒÔÓʼÄ֧Ʊµ½ÁªÏµµØÖ·¡£ - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - Óû§¿Í»§¶ËÎÊÌâ - - - 2.1) ÓÐ PostgreSQL µÄ ODBC Çý¶¯Ã´£¿ - -ÓÐÁ½¸ö ODBC Çý¶¯¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ£¬PsqlODBC ºÍ OpenLink ODBC. - -¿ÉÒÔÔÚhttp://gborg.postgresql.org/project/psqlodbc/projdisplay.php ÏÂÔØ -PsqlODBC ¡£ - -OpenLink ODBC ¿ÉÒÔ´Ó http://www.openlinksw.com/ »ñµÃ¡£ËüÓëËûÃǵıê×¼ -ODBC ¿Í»§¶ËÈí¼þ¼æÈÝ£¬Òò¶øÄã¿ÉÒÔÔÚÈκÎËûÃÇÖ§³ÖµÄ¿Í»§¶Ëƽ̨£¨Win, Mac, -Unix, VMS£©ÉÏʹÓà PostgreSQL ODBC¡£ - -ËûÃÇ¿ÉÄܽ«Õâ¸ö²úÆ·ÏúÊÛ¸øÄÇЩÐèÒªÉÌÒµÖ§³ÖµÄÓû§£¬µ«ÊÇ×ÜÊÇÓÐÒ»¸ö freeware -£¨×ÔÓÉÈí¼þ£©µÄ°æ±¾¿ÉÒԵõ½¡£ÇëѯÎÊ postgres95@openlink.co.uk -¡£ - - - 2.2) ÓÐʲô¹¤¾ß¿ÉÒÔ°Ñ PostgreSQL ÓÃÓÚ Web Ò³Ã棿 - -Ò»¸ö½éÉÜÒÔÊý¾Ý¿âΪºǫ́µÄͦ²»´íµÄ Õ¾µãÊÇ£ºhttp://www.webreview.com ¡£ - -¶ÔÓÚ Web ¼¯³É£¬PHP ÊÇÒ»¸ö¼«ºÃµÄ½Ó¿Ú¡£ËüÔÚ£ºhttp://www.php.net/ ¡£ - -¶ÔÓÚ¸´ÔÓµÄÈÎÎñ£¬ºÜ¶àÈ˲ÉÓà Perl ½Ó¿ÚºÍ CGI.pm »ò mod_perl ¡£ - - - 2.3) PostgreSQL ÓµÓÐͼÐÎÓû§½çÃæÂ𣿠- -Êǵġ£Óм¸¸öÊÊÓÃÓÚ PostgreSQL µÄͼÐνӿڡ£°üÀ¨PgAccess£¨http: -//www.pgaccess.com)£¬PgAdmin II £¨http://www.pgadmin.org£¬½öÊÊÓÃÓÚ -Win32£©£¬ RHDB Admin (http://sources.redhat.com/rhdb/£© ÒÔ¼° Rekall -£¨http://www.thekompany.com/products/rekall/£¬ רÓеÄ/proprietary)¡£»¹ÓÐ -PHPPgAdmin £¨http://phppgadmin.sourceforge.net/£© - £¬Ò»¸ö»ùÓÚ web µÄ PostgreSQL ·ÃÎÊ½Ó -¿Ú¡£ - -ÎÒÃÇÓÐÒ»¸ö²»´íµÄͼÐÎÓû§½çÃ棬³ÆΪ PgAccess £¬ËüÒ²¿ÉÒÔÓÃ×÷±¨±íÉú³ÉÆ÷¡£Íø -Ò³ÊÇ http://www.pgaccess.org/¡£ - - - 2.4) ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÓÃʲôÓïÑÔºÍ PostgreSQL ´ò½»µÀ£¿ - -´ó¶àÊýÁ÷Ðеıà³ÌÓïÑÔ¶¼ÓзÃÎÊ PostgreSQL µÄ½Ó¿Ú¡£Çë¼ì²é±à³ÌÓïÑÔµÄÀ©Õ¹Ä£¿é -ÁÐ±í¡£ - -PostgreSQL ·¢²¼°üÖаüº¬ÁËÒÔϽӿڣº - - * C (libpq) - * Embedded C (ecpg) - * Java (jdbc) - * Python (PyGreSQL) - * TCL (libpgtcl) - -ÆäËûµÄ½Ó¿ÚÔÚ http://gborg.postgresql.org É쵀 /Drivers/Interfaces/ С½Ú¡£ - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - ϵͳ¹ÜÀíÎÊÌâ - - - 3.1) ÎÒÔõÑùÄÜ°Ñ PostgreSQL ×°ÔÚ /usr/local/pgsql ÒÔÍâµÄµØ·½£¿ - -ÔÚÔËÐÐ configure ʱ¼ÓÉÏ --prefix Ñ¡Ïî¡£ - - - 3.2) µ±ÎÒÔËÐÐ postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ/ Bad System Call/£¨ÏµÍ³µ÷Óà - ´í£©»ò Core Dumped ´íÎó¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿ - -Õâ¿ÉÄÜÊǺܶ෽ÃæµÄÎÊÌ⣬ÇëÏȼì²é²Ù×÷ϵͳºËÐÄÊÇ·ñÖ§³Ö System V À©Õ¹¡£ -PostgreSQL ÐèÒªÄÚºËÖ§³Ö¹²ÏíÄÚ´æºÍÐźŵơ£ - - - 3.3) µ±ÎÒÊÔͼÔËÐÐ postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ /IpcMemoryCreate/ ´íÎó¡£Îª - ʲô£¿ - -ÄãҪôÊÇûÓÐÔÚÄÚºËÀïÕýÈ·ÅäÖù²ÏíÄڴ棬ҪôÊÇÄãÐèÒªÀ©´óÄãµÄÄں˵ĿÉÓù²Ïí -ÄÚ´æ¡£ÐèÒªµÄ¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ¾ßÌåµÄÊýÁ¿È¡¾öÓÚÄãµÄÌåϵ½á¹¹ºÍÄãÅäÖÃÄãµÄ postmaster -ÔËÐÐʱʹÓõĻº³åÇøºÍºó¶Ë½ø³ÌÊýÄ¿¡£¶Ô´ó¶àÊýϵͳ£¬Ê¹ÓÃȱʡ»º³åÇøºÍ½ø³ÌÊýÄ¿ -ʱ£¬Äã×îÉÙÐèÒª~1MB¡£Óйع²ÏíÄÚ´æºÍÐźŵƵÄÏêϸÐÅÏ¢Çë²Î¿¼ PostgreSQL -Administrator's Guide - ¡£ - - - 3.4) µ±ÎÒÊÔͼÔËÐÐ postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ /IpcSemaphoreCreate/ ´í - Îó¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿ - -Èç¹û´íÎóÐÅÏ¢ÊÇ /IpcSemaphoreCreate: semget failed (No space left on -device)/£¬ÄÇôԭÒòÊÇÄãµÄÄÚºËûÓÐÅäÖÃ×ã¹»µÄÐźŵÆ×ÊÔ´¡£Postgres µÄÿ¸öDZ -Ôڵĺǫ́½ø³Ì¶¼ÐèÒªÒ»¸öÐźŵơ£Ò»¸öÁÙʱµÄ½â¾ö·½·¨ÊÇÒԱȽÏÉٵĺǫ́½ø³ÌÊý -£¨²ÎÊý£©Æô¶¯ postmaster¡£Ê¹Óÿª¹Ø /-N/ ´øÒ»¸öÉÙÓÚȱʡֵ 32 µÄ²ÎÊýÔËÐÐ -postmaster¡£¸ü³¤¾ÃµÄ½â¾ö·½·¨ÊǼӴóÄãµÄÄÚºËµÄ SEMMNS ºÍ SEMMNI ²ÎÊý¡£ - -ÔÚÊý¾Ý¿â·ÃÎÊÁ¿ºÜ´óʱ£¬ÐźŵƲ»¿ÉÓÿÉÄܵ¼ÖÂϵͳ±ÀÀ£¡£ - -Èç¹û´íÎóÐÅÏ¢ÊÇÆäËûµÄʲô¶«Î÷£¬Äã¿ÉÄܾ͸ù±¾Ã»ÓÐÔÚÄÚºËÀïÃæÅäÖÃÐźŵÆÖ§³Ö¡£ -Óйع²ÏíÄÚ´æºÍÐźŵƵÄÏêϸÐÅÏ¢Çë²Î¿¼ PostgreSQL Administrator's Guide - ¡£ - - - 3.5) ÎÒÈçºÎ¿ØÖÆÀ´×ÔÆäËûÖ÷»úµÄÁ¬½Ó£¿ - -ȱʡʱ£¬PostgreSQL Ö»ÔÊÐíͨ¹ý unix ÓòÌ×½Ó×ÖÀ´×Ô±¾»úµÄÁ¬½Ó¡£³ý·ÇÄãʹÓà -/-i/ ¿ª¹ØÆô¶¯ /postmaster/£¬*²¢ÇÒ*ͨ¹ý¶ÔÓ¦µÄ±à¼­ /$PGDATA/pg_hba.conf/ -Îļþ´ò¿ªÁËÖ÷»úΪ»ù´¡£¨ host-based £©µÄÈÏÖ¤£¬·ñÔòÆäËû»úÆ÷ÊDz»ÄÜÓëÄãµÄ»úÆ÷ -Á¬½ÓµÄ¡£ÕâÑù½«ÔÊÐí TCP/IP Á¬½Ó¡£ - - - 3.6) ÎÒÔõÑùµ÷ÕûÊý¾Ý¿âÒýÇæÒÔ»ñµÃ¸üºÃµÄÐÔÄÜ£¿ - -µ±È»£¬Ë÷Òý¿ÉÒÔ¼ÓËÙ²éѯ¡£EXPLAIN ÃüÁîÔÊÐíÄã¹Û²ì PostgreSQL ÈçºÎ½âÊÍÄãµÄ²é -ѯ£¬ÒÔ¼°Ê¹ÓÃÁËÄÄЩË÷Òý¡£ - -Èç¹ûÄãÕý´¦ÀíÒ»¶Ñ INSERT£¬¿¼ÂÇʹÓà COPY ÃüÁîÒÔ´óÅúÁ¿µÄ·½Ê½½øÐС£ÕâÑù×ö±È -µ¥¶ÀµÄÒ»¸ö¸ö INSERT ¿ìµÃ¶à¡£Æä´Î£¬Ã»Óд¦ÓÚ BEGIN WORK/COMMIT ÊÂÎñ¿éÖ®¼ä -µÄÓï¾ä±»ÈÏΪÊôÓÚͬһ¸öÊÂÎñ¡£ÊÔ×ÅÔÚÒ»¸öÊÂÎñ¿éÀïÃæ´¦Àí¸ü¶àµÄÓï¾ä¡£ÕâÑù¿ÉÒÔ -¼õÉÙÊÂÎñ´øÀ´µÄ¶îÍ⿪Ïú¡£Í¬Ñù£¬ÔÚ×ö´óÁ¿µÄÊý¾Ý¸Ä±äʱ¿¼ÂÇɾ³ýºÍÖؽ¨Ë÷Òý¡£ - -»¹Óм¸¸öµ÷½ÚµÄÑ¡Ïî¿ÉÒÔʹÓá£Äã¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý´ø /-o -F/ Ñ¡ÏîÆô¶¯ postmaster À´ -½ûÖ¹ fsync()¡£ÕâÑù½«±ÜÃâÿ´ÎÊÂÎñºóµ÷Óà /fsync() / °ÑÊý¾Ýˢе½´ÅÅÌÉÏ¡£ - -Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔʹÓà postmaster -B Ñ¡ÏîÔö¼Óºó¶Ë½ø³ÌʹÓõĹ²ÏíÄڴ滺³åµÄÊýÄ¿¡£Èç -¹ûÄã°ÑÕâ¸ö²ÎÊýÉèÖõÃÌ«´ó£¬postmaster ¿ÉÄÜÎÞ·¨Æô¶¯£¬ÒòΪÄãÒѾ­³¬¹ýÁËÄãµÄ -ÄÚºËÔÚ¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ¿Õ¼äÉϵÄÏÞÖÆ¡£Ã¿¸ö»º³åÇøÊÇ 8K ²¢ÇÒȱʡ 64 ¸ö»º³åÇø¡£ - -Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔʹÓúǫ́½ø³ÌµÄ -S Ñ¡ÏîÀ´Ôö¼Óÿ¸öºǫ́½ø³ÌÓÃÓÚÁÙʱÅÅÐòÓõÄ×î´óÄÚ´æ -ÊýÁ¿¡£-S ÖµÊÇÒÔK×ֽڼƵģ¬È±Ê¡ÊÇ 512 £¨Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬512K£©¡£ - -Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔʹÓà CLUSTER ÃüÁîÀ´°Ñ±íÀïµÄÊý¾Ý°´ÕÕij¸öË÷Òý½øÐоۼ¯´æ·Å¡£²ÎÔÄ -CLUSTER µÄÊÖ²áÒ³»ñÈ¡¸ü¶àϸ½Ú¡£ - - - 3.7) PostgreSQL Àï¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃʲôÑùµÄµ÷ÊÔÌØÐÔ£¿ - -PostgreSQL Óм¸¸öÌØÐÔÓÃÓÚ±¨¸æ״̬ÐÅÏ¢£¬ÕâЩÐÅÏ¢¿ÉÄܶԵ÷ÊÔÓÃ;ºÜÓаïÖú¡£ - -Ê×ÏÈ£¬Í¨¹ý¸½´ø --enable-cassert Ñ¡ÏîÔËÐÐ configure£¬Óкܶà /assert()/ ¼à -¿Øºǫ́½ø³ÌºÍÔÚ·¢ÉúijЩδÔøÔ¤ÁϵÄÏÖÏóʱֹͣ³ÌÐòÔËÐС£ - -postmaster ºÍ postgres ¶¼ÓÐһЩ¿ÉÓõÄÑ¡Ïî¡£Ê×ÏÈ£¬µ±ÄãÆô¶¯ postmaster -ʱ£¬È·±£Äã°Ñ±ê×¼Êä³öºÍ±ê×¼´íÎóÊä³ö¶¨Ïòµ½ÁËÒ»¸öÈÕÖ¾ÎļþÀïÈ¥ÁË£¬Ïó£º - - cd /usr/local/pgsql - ./bin/postmaster >server.log 2>&1 & - -ÕâÑù½«ÔÚ PostgreSQL ¶¥¼¶Ä¿Â¼ÏÂÊä³öÒ»¸ö server.log Îļþ¡£Õâ¸öÎļþ°üº¬·þÎñ -Æ÷Åöµ½µÄÎÊÌâºÍ´íÎóµÄÓÐÓÃÐÅÏ¢¡£postmaster ÓÐÒ»¸ö -d Ñ¡Ï¸ÃÑ¡ÏîÔÊÐíÎÒÃÇ -»ñµÃ¸ü¶àµÄϸ½Ú»ã±¨¡£-d Ñ¡Ïî½ÓÊÜÒ»¸öÊý×Ö±êÃ÷µ÷ÊÔ¼¶±ð¡£ÐèÒª¾¯¸æµÄÊǸߵĵ÷ -ÊÔ¼¶±ð¿ÉÄÜ»áÉú³É¾Þ´óµÄÈÕÖ¾Îļþ¡£ - -Èç¹û postmaster ûÓÐÔËÐУ¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÖ±½ÓÔÚÃüÁîÐÐÉÏÆô¶¯ postgres ºǫ́½ø³Ì£¬È» -ºóÖ±½Ó¼üÈë SQL Óï¾ä¡£ÎÒÃÇ*Ö»* ÍƼöÔÚµ÷ÊÔµÄʱºòÕâô¸É¡£Çë×¢ÒâÕâʱÓû»ÐÐÜÞ -¶ø²»ÊǷֺűíʾÓï¾ä½áβ¡£Èç¹ûÄã´ø×ŵ÷ÊÔ·ûºÅ±àÒ룬Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÒ»¸öµ÷ÊÔÆ÷¹Û¿´ -·¢ÉúÁËʲôÊÂÇé¡£ÒòΪºǫ́½ø³ÌûÓÐÓÉ postmaster Æô¶¯µÄ£¬Ëü²»ÊǺÍʵ¼ÊµÄÔËÐÐ -»·¾³Ò»Ö£¬¶øÇÒËø¶¨/ºǫ́½»»¥ÎÊÌâ¿ÉÄܲ»ÄÜÖØÏÖ¡£ - -Èç¹û postmaster ÒѾ­ÔËÐУ¬¿ÉÔÚÒ»¸ö´°¿ÚÖÐÆô¶¯ /psql/£¬È»ºóÕÒ³ö /psql/ ¶Ô -Ó¦µÄ /postgres/ ½ø³ÌµÄ PID¡£Ê¹ÓÃÒ»¸öµ÷ÊÔÆ÷¸½×ÅÔÚÕâ¸ö /postgres /PID ÉÏ¡£ -Äã¿ÉÒÔÔÚµ÷ÊÔÆ÷ÀïÉèÖöϵ㲢ÇÒ´Ó /psql/ ÀïÖ´Ðвéѯ¡£Èç¹ûÄãÔÚµ÷ÊÔ -/postgres/ µÄÆô¶¯£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÉèÖà PGOPTIONS="-W n"£¬È»ºóÆô¶¯ /psql/¡£ÕâÑù½« -µ¼ÖÂÆô¶¯ÑÓ³Ù /n/ Ã룬ÕâÑùÄã¾Í¿ÉÒÔ¸½¼ÓÒ»¸öµ÷ÊÔÆ÷²¢ÇÒ¸ú×ÙÆô¶¯Ë³ÐòµÄ¹ý³Ì¡£ - -postgres ³ÌÐòÓÐ -s£¬-A£¬ºÍ -t Ñ¡Ïî¿ÉÄÜÔÚµ÷ÊÔºÍÐÔÄܲâÁ¿µÄʱºò·Ç³£ÓÐÓᣠ- -Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔ´ø profiling Ö§³Ö±àÒëºǫ́£¬ÒÔ±ã¹Û²ìÄÄЩº¯ÊýÕ¼ÓõÄÖ´ÐÐʱ¼ä½Ï¶à¡£ -profile Îļþ½«·ÅÔÚ pgsql/data/base/dbname Ŀ¼Ï¡£¿Í»§¶Ë profile Îļþ½« -·ÅÔÚ¿Í»§¶Ëµ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼Ï¡£ÔÚ Linux ÏÂÖ§³Ö profiling ÒªÔÚ±àÒëʱ¼ÓÉÏ/- -DLINUX_PROFILE / ¡£ - - - 3.8) ΪʲôÔÚÊÔͼÁ¬½ÓµÇ¼ʱÊÕµ½¡°Sorry, too many clients¡±ÏûÏ¢£¿ - -ÄãÐèÒªÔö´ó postmaster Æô¶¯Ê±Ö§³ÖµÄ²¢·¢ºǫ́½ø³ÌÊý¡£ - -ȱʡÏÞÖÆÊÇ 32 ½ø³Ì¡£Äã¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý´ø×ÅÊʵ±µÄ /-N/ Öµ¿ª¹ØÆô¶¯ postmaster Ôö¼Ó -Õâ¸öÊýÄ¿¡£»òÕßÐÞ¸Ä /postgresql.conf/ Îļþ¡£ - -ҪעÒâÈç¹ûÄã°Ñ /-N/ ÉèÖÃΪ´óÓÚ 32£¬Äã±ØÐëͬÑùÔö´ó /-B/£¬³¬¹ýËüȱʡµÄ -64£»-B ±ØÐë×îÉÙÊÇ -N µÄÁ½±¶£¬¶øÇÒΪÁ˸üºÃµÄÐÔÄÜ¿ÉÄÜÒª±ÈÄǸöÊý×ÖÒª´ó¡£¶Ô -ÓÚ´óÊýÄ¿µÄºó¶Ë½ø³Ì£¬Äã¿ÉÄÜ»¹»á·¢ÏÖÄ㻹ÐèÒªÔö¼ÓÐí¶à Unix ÄÚºËÅäÖòÎÊýÖµ¡£ -Òª¼ì²éµÄ¶«Î÷°üÀ¨¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ¿éµÄ×î´ó³ß´ç£¬SHMMAX£¬ÐźŵƵÄ×î´óÊýÄ¿£¬SEMMNS -ºÍ SEMMNI£¬×î´óµÄ½ø³ÌÊý£¬NPROC£¬µ¥Óû§×î´ó½ø³ÌÊý£¬MAXUPRC£¬ÒÔ¼°´ò¿ªÎļþ -µÄ×î´óÊýÄ¿£¬NFILE ºÍ NINODE ¡£Postgres ¶ÔÔÊÐíµÄºǫ́½ø³ÌÊýÓÐÏÞÖƵÄÔ­ÒòÊÇ -ΪÁËÈ·±£ÄãµÄϵͳ²»»áÓùâ×ÊÔ´¡£ - -ÔÚ Postgres ÔçÓÚ 6.5 µÄ°æ±¾£¬×î´óºǫ́½ø³ÌÊýȱʡÊÇ 64£¬²¢ÇÒ¶ÔËüµÄÐÞ¸ÄÊ×ÏÈ -ÐèÒªÐÞ¸Ä /include/storage/sinvaladt.h/ ÀïµÄ MaxBackendId ³£Á¿£¬È»ºóÖØР-BUILD¡£ - - - 3.9) pgsql_tmp Ŀ¼ÀﶼÓÐЩʲô£¿ - -¸ÃĿ¼Ï±£´æÁ˲éѯִÐÐÆ÷Éú³ÉµÄÁÙʱÎļþ¡£ÀýÈ磬Èç¹ûÐèҪΪÂú×ã ORDER BY Ìõ -¼þ×öÅÅÐò£¬²¢ÇÒÅÅÐòÐèÒª±Èºǫ́µÄ -S ²ÎÊý¸ø³öµÄ¸ü¶àµÄ¿Õ¼ä£¬ÄÇô¾Í»á´´½¨Ò»¸ö -ÁÙʱÎļþ±£´æ¶à³öÀ´µÄÊý¾Ý¡£ - -ÁÙʱÎļþÓ¦¸Ã×Ô¶¯É¾³ý£¬²»¹ýÈç¹ûÔÚÅÅÐò¹ý³ÌÖкǫ́±ÀÀ£Á˾ͿÉÄÜÁôÏÂÀ´¡£Í£Ö¹²¢ -ÖØÆð postmaster ½«»áɾ³ýÕâЩÎļþ¡£ - - - 3.10) ΪʲôҪÔÚÉý¼¶ PostgreSQL ·¢²¼°æ±¾Ê±×ö dump ºÍ restore £¿ - -PostgreSQL ¿ª·¢×é¶Ôÿ´ÎСµÄÉý¼¶½ö×öÁ˽ÏÉÙµÄÐÞ¸Ä,Òò´Ë´Ó 7.2 Éý¼¶µ½ 7.2.1 -²»ÐèÒª dump ºÍ restore¡£µ«ÊÇÖ÷ÒªµÄÉý¼¶£¨ÀýÈç´Ó 7.2 µ½ 7.3£©Í¨³£»áÐÞ¸Äϵ -ͳ±íºÍÊý¾Ý±íµÄÄÚ²¿¸ñʽ¡£ÕâЩ±ä»¯Ò»°ã±È½Ï¸´ÔÓ£¬Òò´ËÎÒÃDz»Î¬Êý¾ÝÎļþµÄÏòºó -¼æÈÝ¡£dump ½«Êý¾Ý°´ÕÕͨÓõĸñʽÊä³ö£¬Ëæºó¿ÉÒÔ±»ÖØмÓÔز¢Ê¹ÓÃеÄÄÚ²¿¸ñʽ¡£ - -´ÅÅÌÎļþ¸ñʽûÓб仯µÄÉý¼¶£¬¿ÉÒÔÓà /pg_upgrade/ ½Å±¾£¬¶ø²»ÐèÒª×ö dump ºÍ -restor¡£·¢²¼ËµÃ÷script »áÖ¸Ã÷ /pg_upgrade/ ¶Ô¸Ã´ÎÉý¼¶ÊÇ·ñ¿ÉÓᣠ- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - ²Ù×÷ÎÊÌâ - - - 4.1) ¶þ½øÖÆÓαêºÍÆÕͨÓαêÖ®¼äµÄÇø±ðÊÇʲô£¿ - -²ÎÔÄ DECLARE ÊÖ²áÒ³»ñÈ¡ÐÅÏ¢¡£ - - - 4.2)ÈçºÎÖ» SELECT Ò»¸ö²éѯ½á¹ûµÄÍ·¼¸ÐУ¿ - -²ÎÔÄ FETCH ÊÖ²áÒ³£¬»òÕßʹÓà SELECT ... LIMIT.... - -¼´Ê¹ÄãÖ»ÐèÒª¿ªÍ·µÄ¼¸ÐУ¬Ò²»áÉæ¼°µ½Õû¸ö²éѯ¡£ÊÔ×ÅʹÓôøÓÐ ORDER BY µÄ²é -ѯ¡£Èç¹ûÓÐÒ»¸öË÷ÒýÓë ORDER BY Æ¥Å䣬PostgreSQL ¿ÉÄܾÍÖ»´¦ÀíÒªÇóµÄÍ·¼¸Ìõ -¼Ç¼£¬·ñÔò½«¶ÔÕû¸ö²éѯ½øÐд¦ÀíÖ±µ½Éú³ÉÐèÒªµÄÐС£ - - - 4.3) ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñÈ¡Ò»¸ö±íµÄÁÐ±í£¬»òÕßÊÇÆäËûÎÒÄÜÔÚ /psql/ Àï¿´µ½µÄ¶«Î÷£¿ - -Äã¿ÉÒÔÔĶÁ /psql/ µÄÔ´´úÂëÎļþ/pgsql/src/bin/psql/describe.c/ ¡£Ëü°üÀ¨Îª -Éú³É psql µÄ·´Ð±¸ÜÃüÁîµÄÊä³öµÄ SQL ÃüÁî¡£Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔ´ø /-E/ Ñ¡ÏîÆô¶¯ -/psql/£¬ÕâÑùËü½«´òÓ¡³öÖ´ÐÐÄã¸ø³öµÄÃüÁîËùÓõIJéѯ¡£ - - - 4.4) ÔõÑù´Ó±íÀïÃæɾ³ýÒ»ÁУ¿ - -7.3 ÀïÔö¼ÓÁË ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN£¬ÒÔÖ§³Ö´ËÏÄÜ¡£ÔÚÒÔÇ°µÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬¿É -ÒÔÕâÑù×ö£º - - BEGIN; + + +PostgreSQL + FAQ-ch + + + + +

PostgreSQL ³£¼ûÎÊÌ⣨FAQ£©

+ ×î½ü¸üУº2003 Äê 01 Ô 06 ÈÕ ÐÇÆÚÒ» 22:27:35 CST +

Ŀǰά»¤ÈËÔ±£ºBruce Momjian (pgman@candle.pha.pa.us) +
+ ÖÐÎÄ°æά»¤ÈËÔ±£ººÎΰƽ £¨laser@pgsqldb.com + £©

±¾ÎĵµµÄ×îа汾¿ÉÒÔÔÚhttp://www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ.html + ²é¿´¡£

²Ù×÷ϵͳƽ̨Ïà¹ØµÄÎÊÌâÔÚhttp://www.postgresql.org/docs/faq/Àï»Ø´ð¡£
+

+
+

³£¼ûÎÊÌâ

+
+ 1.1) + PostgreSQL ÊÇʲô£¿¸ÃÔõô·¢Òô£¿ +
+ 1.2) + PostgreSQL µÄ°æȨÊÇʲô? +
+ 1.3) + PostgreSQL ÔËÐÐÔÚʲô Unix ƽ̨ÉÏ£¿ +
+ 1.4) ¿ÉÓÃµÄ·Ç Unix + ƽ̨ÓÐÄÇЩ£¿ +
+ 1.5) ÎÒ´ÓÄÄÀïÄܵõ½ + PostgreSQL£¿ +
+ 1.6) ÎÒ´ÓÄÄÀïÄܵõ½¶Ô + PostgreSQL µÄÖ§³Ö£¿ +
+ 1.7) + PostgreSQL ×îеİ汾ÊÇʲô£¿ +
+ 1.8) ÓÐÄÄЩ¿ÉÓÃµÄ + PostgreSQL µÄÎĵµ£¿ +
+ 1.9) ÎÒÈçºÎÁ˽âÒÑÖªµÄ BUG + »òȱʧµÄÌØÐÔ£¿ +
+ 1.10) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùѧϰ + SQL £¿ +
+ 1.11) + PostgreSQL ÊÇ Y2K ¼æÈݵÄÂ𣿠+
+ 1.12) + ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑù¼ÓÈ뿪·¢¶ÓÎ飿 +
+ 1.13) + ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùÌá½»Ò»¸ö BUG ±¨¸æ£¿ +
+ 1.14) + PostgreSQL ºÍÆäËû DBMS ±ÈÆðÀ´ÈçºÎ£¿
+ 1.15) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùÔÞÖú + PostgreSQL £¿ +
+

Óû§¿Í»§¶ËÎÊÌâ

+
+ 2.1) ÓÐ + PostgreSQL µÄ ODBC Çý¶¯³ÌÐòô£¿ +
+ 2.2) ÓÐʲô¹¤¾ß¿ÉÒÔ°Ñ + PostgreSQL ÓÃÓÚ Web Ò³Ã棿 +
+ 2.3) + PostgreSQL ÓµÓÐͼÐÎÓû§½çÃæÂ𣿠+
+ 2.4) + ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÓÃʲôÓïÑÔºÍ PostgreSQL ´ò½»µÀ£¿ +
+

ϵͳ¹ÜÀíÎÊÌâ

+
+ 3.1) ÎÒÔõÑùÄÜ°Ñ + PostgreSQL ×°ÔÚ /usr/local/pgsql ÒÔÍâµÄµØ·½£¿ +
+ 3.2) µ±ÎÒÔËÐÐ + postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ Bad System Call£¨ÏµÍ³µ÷ÓÃ´í£©»ò Core Dumped ´íÎó¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿ +
+ 3.3) µ±ÎÒÊÔͼÔËÐÐ + postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ IpcMemoryCreate ´íÎó¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿ +
+ 3.4) µ±ÎÒÊÔͼÔËÐÐ + postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ IpcSemaphoreCreate ´íÎó¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿ +
+ 3.5) + ÎÒÈçºÎ¿ØÖÆÀ´×ÔÆäËûÖ÷»úµÄÁ¬½Ó£¿ +
+ 3.6) + ÎÒÔõÑùµ÷ÕûÊý¾Ý¿âÒýÇæÒÔ»ñµÃ¸üºÃµÄÐÔÄÜ£¿ +
+ 3.7) + PostgreSQL Àï¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃʲôÑùµÄµ÷ÊÔÌØÐÔ£¿ +
+ 3.8) + ΪʲôÔÚÊÔͼÁ¬½ÓµÇ¼ʱÊÕµ½¡°Sorry, too many clients¡± ÏûÏ¢£¿
+ 3.9) + pgsql_tmp Ŀ¼ÀﶼÓÐЩʲô£¿
+ 3.10) ΪʲôҪÔÚÉý¼¶ + PostgreSQL ·¢²¼°æ±¾Ê±×ö dump ºÍ restore £¿ +
+

²Ù×÷ÎÊÌâ

+
+ 4.1) + ¶þ½øÖÆÓαêºÍÆÕͨÓαêÖ®¼äµÄÇø±ðÊÇʲô£¿ +
+ 4.2) + ÈçºÎֻѡÔñÒ»¸ö²éѯ½á¹ûµÄÍ·¼¸ÐУ¿ +
+ 4.3) + ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñÈ¡Ò»¸öÊý¾Ý¿âÖбíµÄÁÐ±í£¬»òÕßÊÇÆäËûÎÒÄÜÔÚ psql Àï¿´µ½µÄ¶«Î÷£¿ +
+ 4.4) + ÔõÑù´Ó±íÀïÃæɾ³ýÒ»ÁУ¿ +
+ 4.5) + Ò»ÐУ¬Ò»¸ö±í£¬Ò»¸ö¿âµÄ×î´ó³ß´çÊǶàÉÙ£¿ +
+ 4.6) + ´æ´¢Ò»¸öµäÐ͵ÄÎı¾ÎļþÀïµÄÊý¾ÝÐèÒª¶àÉÙ´ÅÅ̿ռ䣿 +
+ 4.7) + ÈçºÎ²é¿´±í¡¢Ë÷Òý¡¢Êý¾Ý¿âÒÔ¼°Óû§µÄ¶¨Ò壿 +
+ 4.8) + ÎҵIJéѯºÜÂý»òÕßûÓÐÀûÓÃË÷Òý¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿ +
+ 4.9) + ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜ¿´µ½²éѯÓÅ»¯Æ÷ÊÇÔõÑù´¦ÀíÎҵIJéѯµÄ£¿ +
+ 4.10) R-tree + Ë÷ÒýÊÇʲô£¿ +
+ 4.11) + ʲôÊÇ»ùÒò²éѯÓÅ»¯£¨Genetic Query Optimization£©£¿ +
+ 4.12) + ÎÒÔõÑù×öÕýÔò±í´ïʽËÑË÷ºÍ´óСдÎ޹صÄÕýÔò±í´ïʽ²éÕÒ£¿ÔõÑùÀûÓÃË÷Òý½øÐдóСдÎ޹زéÕÒ£¿ +
+ 4.13) + ÔÚÒ»¸ö²éѯÀÎÒÔõÑù¼ì²âÒ»¸ö×Ö¶ÎÊÇ·ñΪ NULL£¿ +
+ 4.14) + ¸÷ÖÖ×Ö·ûÀàÐÍÖ®¼äÓÐʲô²»Í¬£¿ +
+ 4.15.1) + ÎÒÔõÑù´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁкÅ/×Ô¶¯µÝÔöµÄ×ֶΣ¿ +
+ 4.15.2) + ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñµÃÒ»¸ö²åÈëµÄÐòÁкŵÄÖµ£¿ +
+ 4.15.3) ʹÓà + currval() ºÍ nextval() »áµ¼ÖºÍÆäËûÓû§µÄÎÉÂÒÇé¿ö£¨race condition£©Âð£¿
+ 4.15.4) + Ϊʲô²»ÔÚÊÂÎñÒì³£ÖÐÖ¹ºóÖØÓÃÐòÁкÅÄØ£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´ÔÚÐòÁкÅ×ֶεÄÈ¡ÖµÖдæÔÚ¼ä¶ÏÄØ£¿ +
+ 4.16) ʲôÊÇ + OID£¿Ê²Ã´ÊÇ TID £¿ +
+ 4.17) + PostgreSQL ʹÓõÄһЩÊõÓïµÄº¬ÒåÊÇʲô£¿ +
+ 4.18) + ΪʲôÎÒÊÕµ½´íÎó¡°ERROR: Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()¡±£¿
+ 4.19) + ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜÖªµÀËùÔËÐÐµÄ PostgreSQL µÄ°æ±¾£¿ +
+ 4.20) + ΪʲôÎҵĴó¶ÔÏó²Ù×÷µ¼Ö´íÎó¡°invalid large obj descriptor¡±£¨·Ç·¨µÄ´ó¶ÔÏóÃèÊö·û£©£¿ +
+ 4.21) + ÎÒÈçºÎ´´½¨Ò»¸öȱʡֵÊǵ±Ç°Ê±¼äµÄ×ֶΣ¿ +
+ 4.22) ΪʲôʹÓà IN + µÄ×Ó²éѯÕâôÂý£¿ +
+ 4.23) ÈçºÎ½øÐÐ + outer join £¨ÍâÁ¬½Ó£©£¿
+ 4.24) + ÈçºÎʹÓÃÉæ¼°¶à¸öÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éѯ£¿
+
+
+ 4.25) + ÈçºÎÈú¯Êý·µ»Ø¶àÐлò¶àÁУ¿
+
+
+ 4.26) ΪʲôÔÚ + PL/PgSQL º¯ÊýÖв»ÄÜ¿É¿¿µØ´´½¨»òɾ³ýÁÙʱ±í£¿
+
+
+ 4.27) + ÓÐÄÄЩÊý¾Ý¸´ÖÆÑ¡Ï
+ 4.28) + ÓÐÄÄЩÊý¾Ý¼ÓÃÜÑ¡Ï +
+

À©Õ¹ PostgreSQL

+
+ 5.1) + ÎÒдÁËÒ»¸öÓû§¶¨Ò庯Êý¡£µ±ÎÒÔÚ psql ÀïÔËÐÐʱ£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´»áµ¼Ö core dump£¿ +
+ 5.2) ÎÒÈçºÎÄܸø + PostgreSQL ¹±Ï×һЩͦ²»´íµÄÐÂÀàÐͺͺ¯Êý£¿ +
+ 5.3) + ÎÒÔõÑùдһ¸ö·µ»ØÒ»Ìõ¼Ç¼µÄ C º¯Êý£¿ +
+ 5.4) + ÎÒÐÞ¸ÄÁËÒ»¸öÔ´Îļþ£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´ÖØбàÒëºóûÓп´µ½¸Ä±ä£¿ +
+
+
+

³£¼ûÎÊÌâ

+
+

1.1) PostgreSQL ÊÇʲô£¿¸ÃÔõô·¢Òô£¿

+ PostgreSQL ¶Á×÷ Post-Gres-Q-L ¡£ +

PostgreSQL ÊÇÏÂÒ»´ú DBMS µÄÑо¿Ô­ÐÍ POSTGRES Êý¾Ý¿â¹ÜÀíϵͳµÄÔöÇ¿°æ¡£PostgreSQL ÔÚ±£³Ö POSTGRES + µÄÇ¿´óµÄÊý¾ÝÄ£ÐͺͷḻµÄÊý¾ÝÀàÐ͵Ļù´¡ÉÏ£¬ÓÃÒ»¸öÀ©Õ¹Á赀 SQL ×Ó¼¯È¡´úÁËÔ­Ï鵀 PostQuel ²éѯÓïÑÔ¡£PostgreSQL + ÊÇ×ÔÓɵIJ¢ÇÒËùÓÐÔ´´úÂ붼¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ¡£

+

PostgreSQL µÄ¿ª·¢ÓÉ²Î¼Ó PostgreSQL ¿ª·¢ÓʼþÁбíµÄÒ»¸ö¿ª·¢ÈËԱС×é½øÐС£Ä¿Ç°µÄЭµ÷ÈËÊÇ Marc G. Fournier £¨scrappy@postgreSQL.org + £©¡££¨¹ØÓÚÈçºÎ¼ÓÈë²Î¼û1.6½Ú£©¡£Õâ¸ö¶ÓÎéÏÖÔÚ¸ºÔð PostgreSQL µÄËùÓпª·¢¡£ +

+ PostgreSQL 1.01 µÄ×÷ÕßÊÇ Andrew Yu ºÍ Jolly + Chen¡£»¹ÓÐÐí¶àÆäËûÈËΪÒÆÖ²£¬²âÊÔ£¬µ÷ÊÔºÍÔöÇ¿´úÂë×öÁË´óÁ¿¹±Ïס£PostgreSQL µÄ×î³õÆðÔ´ Postgres£¬ÊÇÔÚ¼ÓÖÝ´óѧ²®¿ËÀû·ÖУµÄ Michael + Stonebraker ½ÌÊÚµÄÖ¸µ¼Ï£¬ÓÉÐí¶àÑо¿Éú£¬±¾¿ÆÉúºÍ±à³ÌÖ°Ô±Íê³ÉµÄ¡£ +

Õâ¸öÈí¼þ×î³õÔÚ²®¿ËÀûµÄÃû×ÖÊÇ Postgres¡£ÔÚ 1995 Ä꣬µ±Ôö¼ÓÁË SQL ¹¦Äܺó£¬ËüµÄÃû×Ö¸Ä³É Postgres95¡£ÔÚ 1996ÄêÄ©£¬²Å¸ÄÃûΪ + PostgreSQL¡£ +

1.2) PostgreSQL µÄ°æȨÊÇʲô?

+ PostgreSQL ÊÜÏÂÃæµÄ°æȨԼÊø¡£ +

+ PostgreSQL Êý¾Ý¿â¹ÜÀíϵͳ +

+ £¨PostgreSQL Data Base Management System£©

²¿·Ö°æȨ£¨c£©1996-2002£¬PostgreSQL È«Çò¿ª·¢Ð¡×é
+ ²¿·Ö°æȨ£¨c£©1994-6 ¼ÓÖÝ´óѧ¶­Ê +

£¨Portions copyright (c) 1996-2002, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+  Portions Copyright (c) 1994-6 Regents of the University of California£© +

+ ÔÊÐíΪÈκÎÄ¿µÄʹÓ㬿½±´£¬Ð޸ĺͷַ¢Õâ¸öÈí¼þºÍËüµÄÎĵµ¶ø²»ÊÕÈ¡ÈκηÑÓ㬲¢ÇÒÎÞÐëÇ©ÊðÒò´Ë¶ø²úÉúµÄÖ¤Ã÷£¬Ç°ÌáÊÇÉÏÃæµÄ°æȨÉùÃ÷ºÍ±¾¶ÎÒÔ¼°ÏÂÃæÁ½¶ÎÎÄ×Ö³öÏÖÔÚËùÓп½±´ÖС£ +

+ £¨Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its + documentation for any purpose, without fee, and without a written agreement is + hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph and + the following two paragraphs appear in all copies.£© +

+ ÔÚÈκÎÇé¿öÏ£¬¼ÓÖÝ´óѧ¶¼²»³Ðµ£ÒòʹÓôËÈí¼þ¼°ÆäÎĵµ¶øµ¼ÖµĶÔÈκε±ÊÂÈ˵ÄÖ±½ÓµÄ£¬¼ä½ÓµÄ£¬ÌØÊâµÄ£¬¸½¼ÓµÄ»òÕßÏà°é¶øÉúµÄË𻵣¬°üÀ¨ÀûÒæËðʧµÄÔðÈΣ¬¼´Ê¹¼ÓÖÝ´óѧÒѾ­½¨ÒéÁËÕâЩËðʧµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔʱҲÊÇÈç´Ë¡£ +

+ £¨IN NO EVENT SHALL THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR + DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST + PROFITS, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF + THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH + DAMAGE.£© +

+ ¼ÓÖÝ´óѧÃ÷È··ÅÆúÈκα£Ö¤£¬°üÀ¨µ«²»¾ÖÏÞÓÚijһÌض¨ÓÃ;µÄÉÌÒµºÍÀûÒæµÄÒþº¬±£Ö¤¡£ÕâÀïÌṩµÄÕâ·ÝÈí¼þÊÇ»ùÓÚ¡°µ±×÷ÊÇ¡±µÄ»ù´¡µÄ£¬Òò¶ø¼ÓÖÝ´óѧûÓÐÔðÈÎÌṩά»¤£¬Ö§³Ö£¬¸üУ¬ÔöÇ¿»òÕßÐ޸ĵķþÎñ¡£

£¨THE + UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT + NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A + PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND + THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAS NO OBLIGATIONS TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, + SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.£©
+
+ ÉÏÃæ¾ÍÊÇ BSD °æȨÉùÃ÷£¬Ò»¸ö¾­µäµÄ¿ªÔ´°æȨÉùÃ÷¡£Ëü¶ÔÔ´´úÂëµÄʹÓÃδ×÷ÈκÎÏÞÖÆ¡£ÎÒÃÇϲ»¶Ëü²¢ÇÒ²»´òËã¸Ä±äËü¡£ +

1.3) PostgreSQL ÔËÐÐÔÚʲô Unix ƽ̨ÉÏ£¿

+

Ò»°ã˵À´£¬Ò»¸öÏÖ´úµÄ UNIX ¼æÈݵÄƽ̨¶¼ÄÜÔËÐÐ PostgreSQL ¡£ÔÚ°²×°Ö¸ÄÏÀïÁгöÁË·¢²¼Ê±¾­¹ýÃ÷È·²âÊÔµÄƽ̨¡£

+
    +
+

1.4) ¿ÉÓÃµÄ·Ç Unix ƽ̨ÓÐÄÄЩ£¿

+ ¿Í»§¶Ë +

°Ñ libpq C ¿â£¬psql£¬ÆäËû½Ó¿ÚºÍ¿Í»§¶ËÓ¦ÓóÌÐò±àÒë³É¿ÉÒÔÔÚ MS Windows ƽ̨ÉÏÔËÐÐÊÇ¿ÉÄܵġ£ÕâÖÖÇé¿öÏ£¬¿Í»§¶ËÔÚ MS Windows + ÉÏÔËÐУ¬²¢ÇÒͨ¹ý TCP/IP ÓëÒ»¸öÔËÐÐÔÚÎÒÃÇÖ§³ÖµÄ Unix ƽ̨ÉϵķþÎñÆ÷½øÐÐͨѶ¡£·¢²¼°æ±¾Öаüº¬Ò»¸öÎļþ win32.mak ÓÃÓÚÉú³É Win32 + libpq ¿âºÍ psql ¡£PostgreSQL Ò²¿ÉÒÔºÍ ODBC ¿Í»§¶ËͨѶ¡£

+

·þÎñÆ÷

+

Êý¾Ý¿â·þÎñÆ÷ÏÖÔÚ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý Cygwin £¬Cygnus µÄ Unix/NT ÒÆÖ²¿âÔÚ Windows NT ºÍ Win2k ÉÏÔËÐС£²ÎÔÄ·¢²¼°æ±¾ÀïµÄ See pgsql/doc/FAQ_MSWIN + Îļþ»ò http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/faq-mswin.html + ¡£ +

ÒÆÖ²µ½ MS Win NT/2000/XP µÄ±¾»ú°æµÄ¹¤×÷ÕýÔÚ½øÐС£ +

1.5) ÎÒ´ÓÄÄÀïÄܵõ½ PostgreSQL£¿

+

PostgreSQL µÄÖ÷ÄäÃûFTPÕ¾µãÊÇ ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub£¬¾µÏñÕ¾µã¿ÉÒԲο¼ÎÒÃÇÍøÕ¾µÄÖ÷Ò³¡£ +

1.6) ÎÒ´ÓÄÄÀïÄܵõ½¶Ô PostgreSQL µÄÖ§³Ö£¿

+

Ö÷ÒªµÄÓʼþÁбíÊÇ£ºpgsql-general@postgreSQL.org¡£¿ÉÒÔÔÚÄÇÀïÌÖÂÛÓÐ¹Ø + PostgreSQL µÄÎÊÌâ¡£Òª¼ÓÈëÁÐ±í£¬·¢Ò»·âÓʼþÄÚÈÝ£¨²»ÊÇÖ÷ÌâÐУ©Îª + 

        subscribe
+        end
+ µÄÓʼþµ½ pgsql-general-request@postgreSQL.org + ¡£ +

»¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñÈ¡ÕªÒªÁÐ±í¡£Òª¼ÓÈëÕâ¸öÁÐ±í£¬·¢Óʼþµ½£ºpgsql-general-digest-request@postgreSQL.org£¬ÆäÄÚÈÝΪ£º + 

        subscribe
+        end
+ ÿµ±Ö÷Áбí´ïµ½´óÔ¼ 30k µÄÏûÏ¢ÄÚÈÝʱ£¬ÕªÒª¾Í·¢Ë͸øÕâ¸öÁбíµÄ³ÉÔ±¡£ +

»¹¿ÉÒԲμӳô³æÓʼþÁÐ±í¡£Òª¼ÓÈëÕâ¸öÁÐ±í£¬·¢ËÍÒ»¸öÓʼþµ½ bugs-request@postgreSQL.org£¬ÄÚÈÝΪ£º + 

        subscribe
+        end
+ »¹¿ÉÒԲμӿª·¢ÈËÔ±ÓʼþÁÐ±í¡£Òª¼ÓÈëÕâ¸öÁÐ±í£¬·¢ËÍÒ»¸öÓʼþµ½ hackers-request@postgreSQL.org£¬ÄÚÈÝΪ£º + 
        subscribe
+        end
+ ÆäËûµÄ¹ØÓÚ PostgreSQL ÓʼþÁбíºÍÆäËûÐÅÏ¢¿ÉÒÔÔÚ PostgreSQL µÄ WWW Ö÷Ò³ÕÒµ½£º
http://postgresql.org/
+ ÔÚ EFNet ÀﻹÓÐÒ»¸ö IRC ƵµÀ£¬ÆµµÀ #PostgreSQL¡£ÎÒÓà unix ÃüÁîirc -c '#PostgreSQL' "$USER" + irc.phoenix.net +

ÉÌÒµÖ§³Ö¹«Ë¾µÄÁбíÔÚ http://www.PostgreSQL.org/users-lounge/commercial-support.html + ¡£ +

1.7) PostgreSQL ×îеİ汾ÊÇʲô£¿

+ PostgreSQL ×îеİ汾ÊÇ°æ±¾ 7.2.3¡££¨Òë×¢£ºÏÖÔÚÓ¦¸ÃÊÇ 7.3.1 ÁË¡££© +

ÎÒÃǼƻ®Ã¿ËĸöÔ·¢²¼Ò»¸öÖ÷Òª°æ±¾¡£ +

1.8) ÓÐÄÄЩ¿ÉÓÃµÄ PostgreSQL µÄÎĵµ£¿

+ ÔÚ·¢²¼°üÀïÓÐһЩÊֲᣬÊÖ²áÒ³ºÍһЩСµÄ²âÊÔÀý×Ó¡£²Î¼û /doc Ŀ¼¡££¨Òë×¢£ºÓ¦Îª $PGHOME/doc£©¡£Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔÔÚÏßä¯ÀÀ PostgreSQL + µÄÊֲᣬÔÚ http://www.PostgreSQL.org/users-lounge/docs/ + ¡£

ÓÐÁ½±¾¹ØÓÚ PostgreSQL µÄÊéÔÚÏßÌṩ£¬ÔÚ + http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/awbook.html ºÍ + http://www.commandprompt.com/ppbook/ ¡£ÔÚ + http://www.ca.PostgreSQL.org/books/ ÉÏÓйØÓÚ PostgreSQL µÄ¿É¹ºÊé¼®µÄÁÐ±í¡£ÔÚ + http://techdocs.PostgreSQL.org/ + ÉÏÊÕ¼¯ÁËÓÐ¹Ø PostgreSQL µÄ¼¼ÊõÎÄÕ¡£ +

psql + ÓÐһЩ²»´íµÄ \d ÃüÁÏÔʾ¹ØÓÚÀàÐÍ£¬²Ù×÷·û£¬º¯Êý£¬¾Û¼¯µÈµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£ +

ÎÒÃÇµÄ web Õ¾µã°üº¬¸ü¶àµÄÎĵµ£®

1.9) + ÎÒÈçºÎÁ˽âÒÑÖªµÄ BUG ºÍȱʧµÄÌØÐÔ£¿

+ PostgreSQL Ö§³ÖÒ»¸öÀ©Õ¹Á赀 SQL-92 µÄ×Ó¼¯¡£²ÎÔÄÎÒÃÇµÄ + TODO ÁÐ±í£¬»ñÈ¡Ò»¸öÒÑÖª³ô³æ£¬È±Ê§ÌØÐÔºÍδÀ´¼Æ»®¡£ +

1.10) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùѧϰ SQL£¿

+ ÔÚ http://www.postgresql.org/docs/awbook.html + µÄ¹ØÓÚ PostgreSQL µÄÊé½ÌÊÚ SQL¡££¨Òë×¢£ºÎÒÏÂÔص½±¾µØÁË¡££©ÔÚ + http://www.commandprompt.com/ppbook ÓÐÁíÍâÒ»±¾¹ØÓÚ PostgreSQL µÄÊé¡£ÔÚhttp://www.intermedia.net/support/sql/sqltut.shtm£¬http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/graeme_birchall/HTM_COOK.HTM  + ºÍ http://sqlcourse.com + ÓÐÒ»¸ö²»´íµÄÈëÃŽ̡̳£ +

ÁíÒ»¸öÊÇ "Teach Yourself SQL in 21 Days, Second Edition"£¨21Ììѧ»áSQL£¬µÚ¶þ°æ£©£¬ÔÚ + http://members.tripod.com/er4ebus/sql/index.htm +

ÎÒÃǵÄÐí¶àÓû§Ï²»¶ The Practical SQL Handbook, Bowman, Judith S., et al., Addison-Wesley ¡£ + ÆäËûµÄÓÐ The Complete Reference SQL, Groff et al., McGraw-Hill ¡£ +

1.11) PostgreSQL ÊÇ Y2K ¼æÈݵÄÂð£¿

+ ÊÇ£¬ÎÒÃǺÜÈÝÒ׿ØÖÆ 2000 AD Ö®ºóºÍ 2000 BC ֮ǰµÄÈÕÆÚ¡£ +

1.12) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑù¼ÓÈ뿪·¢¶ÓÎ飿

+ Ê×ÏÈ£¬ÏÂÔØ×îеÄÔ´´úÂë²¢ÔĶÁÎÒÃÇ web Õ¾µã»ò·¢²¼°üÖÐµÄ PostgreSQL ¿ª·¢ÕßÎĵµ¡£Æä´Î£¬¼ÓÈë pgsql-hackers ºÍ + pgsql-patches ÓʼþÁÐ±í¡£µÚÈý£¬Ïò pgsql-patches Ìá½»¸ßÖÊÁ¿µÄ²¹¶¡³ÌÐò¡£ +

ÏÖÔÚ´ó¸ÅÓÐÊ®¼¸¸öÈËÓÐ PostgreSQL CVS ¹éµµ COMMIT µÄȨÏÞ¡£ËûÃǶ¼ÒѾ­Ìá½»Á˷dz£¶à¸ßÖÊÁ¿µÄ²¹¶¡ÁË£¬ÒÔÖÁÓÚÏÖÓеÄÌá½»È˺ÜÄѸúÉϽÚ×࣬²¢ÇÒÎÒÃÇÏàÐÅËûÃÇÌá½»µÄ²¹¶¡¶¼ÊǸßÖÊÁ¿µÄ¡£

1.13) + ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùÌá½»Ò»¸öBUG±¨¸æ£¿

+ Çë·ÃÎÊ http://www.PostgreSQL.org/bugs/bugs.php + µÄ PostgreSQL BugTool Ò³Ãæ, ÄÇÀï¸ø³öÁËÈçºÎÌá½»Ò»¸öBUG±¨¸æµÄÖ¸ÄÏ¡£ +

ͬÑùÒ²Òª¿´¿´ÎÒÃÇµÄ ftp Õ¾µã ftp://ftp.postgreSQL.org/pub£¬¿´ÓÐûÓиüÐ嵀 + PostgreSQL °æ±¾»ò²¹¶¡¡£ +

1.14) PostgreSQL ºÍÆäËû DBMS ±ÈÆðÀ´ÈçºÎ£¿

+ ÆÀ¼ÛÈí¼þÓкü¸ÖÖ·½·¨£ºÌØÐÔ£¬ÐÔÄÜ£¬¿É¿¿ÐÔ£¬Ö§³ÖºÍ¼Û¸ñ¡£ +
+
ÌØÐÔ +
+ PostgreSQL ÓµÓдóÐÍÉÌÓà DBMS + Àï´ó¶àÊýÌØÐÔ£¬ÀýÈ磺ÊÂÎñ£¬×Ó²éѯ£¬´¥·¢Æ÷£¬ÊÓͼ£¬Íâ¼ü²Î¿¼ÍêÕûÐԺ͸´ÔÓµÄËøµÈ¡£ÎÒÃÇ»¹ÓÐһЩËüÃÇûÓеÄÌØÐÔ£¬ÈçÓû§¶¨ÒåÀàÐÍ£¬¼Ì³Ð£¬¹æÔòºÍ¶à°æ±¾²¢ÐпØÖÆÒÔ¼õÉÙËøµÄÕùÓõȡ£ +
+  
ÐÔÄÜ +
+ PostgreSQL ºÍÆäËûÉÌÓúͿªÔ´µÄÊý¾Ý¿â¾ßÓÐÀàËƵÄÐÔÄÜ¡£¶ÔijЩ´¦ÀíËü±È½Ï¿ì£¬¶ÔÆäËûһЩ´¦ÀíËü±È½ÏÂý¡£Óë MySQL »ò¸üÇá±ãµÄÊý¾Ý¿âϵͳ±È½Ï£¬ÎÒÃÇÔÚ + insert/update ʱÂý£¬ÒòΪÎÒÃÇÓÐÊÂÎñ´¦Àí¡£µ±È» MySQL ²»¾ßÓÐÎÒÃÇÔÚÉÏÃæµÄÌØÐÔ ¶ÎÀï¸ø³öµÄÈκÎÌØÐÔ¡£ÎÒÃǵÄÖ÷Òª·½ÏòÊÇ¿É¿¿ÐÔºÍÌØÐÔ£¬¾¡¹ÜÎÒÃÇÔÚÿ´Î·¢²¼Ê±²»¶ÏµØ¸Ä½øÐÔÄÜ¡£ÓÐÒ»¸öºÜÓÐȤµÄÍøÒ³±È½ÏÁË + PostgreSQL ºÍ MySQL http://openacs.org/why-not-mysql.html¡£
+
¿É¿¿ÐÔ +
+ ÎÒÃÇÖªµÀ DBMS ±ØÐëÊÇ¿É¿¿µÄ£¬·ñÔòËü¾ÍÒ»µãÓö¼Ã»ÓС£ÎÒÃÇŬÁ¦×öµ½·¢²¼¾­¹ýÈÏÕæ²âÊԵģ¬Îȶ¨µÄ³ô³æ×îÉٵĴúÂ롣ÿ¸ö°æ±¾ÖÁÉÙÓÐÒ»¸öÔ嵀 beta + ²âÊÔ£¬²¢ÇÒÎÒÃǵķ¢²¼ÀúÊ·ÏÔʾÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÌṩÎȶ¨µÄ£¬Àι̵ģ¬¿ÉÓÃÓÚÉú²úʹÓõİ汾¡£ÎÒÃÇÏàÐÅÔÚÕâ·½ÃæÎÒÃÇÓëÆäËûµÄÊý¾Ý¿âÈí¼þÊÇÏ൱µÄ¡£ +
+  
Ö§³Ö +
+ ÎÒÃǵÄÓʼþÁбíÌṩһ¸ö·Ç³£´óµÄ¿ª·¢ÈËÔ±ºÍÓû§µÄ×éÒÔ°ïÖú½â¾öËùÅöµ½µÄÈκÎÎÊÌâ¡£ÎÒÃDz»Äܱ£Ö¤¿Ï¶¨Äܽâ¾öÎÊÌ⣬Ïà±È֮ϣ¬ÉÌÓà DBMS + Ò²²¢²»ÊÇ×ÜÄܹ»Ìṩ½â¾ö·½·¨¡£Ö±½ÓÓ뿪·¢ÈËÔ±£¬Óû§Èº£¬ÊÖ²áºÍÔ´³ÌÐò½Ó´¥Áî PostgreSQL µÄÖ§³Ö±ÈÆäËû DBMS + »¹ÒªºÃ¡£»¹ÓÐһЩÉÌÒµÐÔµÄÔ¤°ü×°µÄÖ§³Ö£¬¿ÉÒÔ¸øÌṩ¸øÄÇЩÐèÒªµÄÈË¡££¨²ÎÔÄÖ§³Ö FAQ Ìõ¿î 1.6 С½Ú¡££© +
+  
¼Û¸ñ +
+ ÎÒÃǶÔÈκÎÓÃ;¶¼Ãâ·Ñ£¬°üÀ¨ÉÌÓúͷÇÉÌÓÃÄ¿µÄ¡£Äã¿ÉÒÔ²»¼ÓÏÞÖƵØÏòÄãµÄ²úÆ·Àï¼ÓÈëÎÒÃǵĴúÂ룬³ýÁËÄÇЩÎÒÃÇÔÚÉÏÃæµÄ°æȨÉùÃ÷ÀïÉùÃ÷µÄ BSD ·ç¸ñµÄ°æȨÍâ¡£ +
+

1.15) ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùÔÞÖú PostgreSQL £¿

+

×Ô´Ó1996Ä꿪ʼ£¬PostgreSQL + ÒѾ­ÓÐÁËÒ»¸öÓÅÐãµÄ×éÖ¯¡£ÕâЩӦ¸Ã¹é¹¦ÓÚ Marc + Fournier£¬ÊÇËû´´½¨Á˲¢ÔÚÕâЩÄêÒ»Ö±¹ÜÀíÕâ¸ö×éÖ¯¡£

+

¶ÔÓÚÒ»¸ö¿ªÔ´ÏîÄ¿À´Ëµ£¬ÖÊÁ¿»ù´¡ÉèÊ©ÊǷdz£ÖØÒªµÄ¡£ËüÄÜ·ÀÖ¹³öÏÖÑÏÖØÑÓ³ÙÏîÄ¿Ç°½øµÄ»ìÂÒ¡£

+

ÏÔÈ»£¬Õâ¸ö×éÖ¯µÄÔËת³É±¾²»·Æ¡£Î¬³ÖÆäÇ°½øÓи÷ÖÖÔ¶ȵġ¢Ò»´ÎÐԵĿªÖ§¡£Èç¹ûÄã»òÕßÄãµÄ¹«Ë¾ÄܽøÐоèÔùÒÔÖ§³ÖÕâÏîÊÂÒµ£¬Çë·ÃÎÊ + http://store.pgsql.com/shopping/ ½øÐоèÔù¡£

+

ËäÈ»¸ÃÍøÒ³Ìá¼°ÁË PostgreSQL ¹«Ë¾£¬ÕâЩ¾èÔù½«½öÓÃÓÚÖ§³Ö PostgreSQL + ÏîÄ¿£¬²¢²»»áÓÃÓÚ×ÊÖúû¸öÌض¨µÄ¹«Ë¾¡£Èç¹ûÄãÔ¸Ò⣬Ҳ¿ÉÒÔÓʼÄ֧Ʊµ½ÁªÏµµØÖ·¡£

+
+
+

Óû§¿Í»§¶ËÎÊÌâ

+
+

2.1) ÓÐ PostgreSQL µÄ ODBC Çý¶¯Ã´£¿

+ ÓÐÁ½¸ö ODBC Çý¶¯¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ£¬PsqlODBC ºÍ OpenLink ODBC.

¿ÉÒÔÔÚhttp://gborg.postgresql.org/project/psqlodbc/projdisplay.php + ÏÂÔØ PsqlODBC ¡£ +

OpenLink ODBC ¿ÉÒÔ´Ó http://www.openlinksw.com/ + »ñµÃ¡£ËüÓëËûÃǵıê×¼ ODBC ¿Í»§¶ËÈí¼þ¼æÈÝ£¬Òò¶øÄã¿ÉÒÔÔÚÈκÎËûÃÇÖ§³ÖµÄ¿Í»§¶Ëƽ̨£¨Win, Mac, Unix, VMS£©ÉÏʹÓà PostgreSQL + ODBC¡£ +

ËûÃÇ¿ÉÄܽ«Õâ¸ö²úÆ·ÏúÊÛ¸øÄÇЩÐèÒªÉÌÒµÖ§³ÖµÄÓû§£¬µ«ÊÇ×ÜÊÇÓÐÒ»¸ö freeware £¨×ÔÓÉÈí¼þ£©µÄ°æ±¾¿ÉÒԵõ½¡£ÇëѯÎÊ + postgres95@openlink.co.uk¡£ +

2.2) ÓÐʲô¹¤¾ß¿ÉÒÔ°Ñ PostgreSQL ÓÃÓÚ Web Ò³Ã棿

+ Ò»¸ö½éÉÜÒÔÊý¾Ý¿âΪºǫ́µÄͦ²»´íµÄ Õ¾µãÊÇ£ºhttp://www.webreview.com + ¡£ +

¶ÔÓÚ Web ¼¯³É£¬PHP ÊÇÒ»¸ö¼«ºÃµÄ½Ó¿Ú¡£ËüÔÚ£ºhttp://www.php.net/ + ¡£ +

¶ÔÓÚ¸´ÔÓµÄÈÎÎñ£¬ºÜ¶àÈ˲ÉÓà Perl ½Ó¿ÚºÍ CGI.pm »ò mod_perl ¡£ +

2.3) PostgreSQL ÓµÓÐͼÐÎÓû§½çÃæÂð£¿

+ Êǵġ£Óм¸¸öÊÊÓÃÓÚ PostgreSQL µÄͼÐνӿڡ£°üÀ¨PgAccess£¨http://www.pgaccess.com)£¬PgAdmin + II £¨http://www.pgadmin.org£¬½öÊÊÓÃÓÚWin32£©£¬ + RHDB Admin (http://sources.redhat.com/rhdb/£© + ÒÔ¼° Rekall £¨http://www.thekompany.com/products/rekall/£¬ + רÓеÄ/proprietary)¡£»¹ÓÐPHPPgAdmin £¨http://phppgadmin.sourceforge.net/£© + £¬Ò»¸ö»ùÓÚ web µÄ PostgreSQL ·ÃÎʽӿڡ£ +

ÎÒÃÇÓÐÒ»¸ö²»´íµÄͼÐÎÓû§½çÃ棬³ÆΪ PgAccess £¬ËüÒ²¿ÉÒÔÓÃ×÷±¨±íÉú³ÉÆ÷¡£ÍøÒ³ÊÇ http://www.pgaccess.org/¡£

+

2.4) ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÓÃʲôÓïÑÔºÍ PostgreSQL ´ò½»µÀ£¿

+

´ó¶àÊýÁ÷Ðеıà³ÌÓïÑÔ¶¼ÓзÃÎÊ PostgreSQL µÄ½Ó¿Ú¡£Çë¼ì²é±à³ÌÓïÑÔµÄÀ©Õ¹Ä£¿éÁÐ±í¡£

+

PostgreSQL ·¢²¼°üÖаüº¬ÁËÒÔϽӿڣº

+
    +
  • + C (libpq) +
  • + Embedded C (ecpg) +
  • + Java (jdbc) +
  • + Python (PyGreSQL) +
  • + TCL (libpgtcl)
    • +
+

ÆäËûµÄ½Ó¿ÚÔÚ http://gborg.postgresql.org É쵀 Drivers/Interfaces + С½Ú¡£

+
+
+

ϵͳ¹ÜÀíÎÊÌâ

+
+

3.1) ÎÒÔõÑùÄÜ°Ñ PostgreSQL ×°ÔÚ /usr/local/pgsql ÒÔÍâµÄµØ·½£¿

+

ÔÚÔËÐÐ configure ʱ¼ÓÉÏ --prefix Ñ¡Ïî¡£

+

3.2) µ±ÎÒÔËÐÐ postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ Bad System Call£¨ÏµÍ³µ÷ÓÃ´í£©»ò Core + Dumped ´íÎó¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿

+

Õâ¿ÉÄÜÊǺܶ෽ÃæµÄÎÊÌ⣬ÇëÏȼì²é²Ù×÷ϵͳºËÐÄÊÇ·ñÖ§³Ö System V À©Õ¹¡£PostgreSQL ÐèÒªÄÚºËÖ§³Ö¹²ÏíÄÚ´æºÍÐźŵơ£

+

3.3) µ±ÎÒÊÔͼÔËÐÐ postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ IpcMemoryCreate ´íÎó¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿

+ ÄãҪôÊÇûÓÐÔÚÄÚºËÀïÕýÈ·ÅäÖù²ÏíÄڴ棬ҪôÊÇÄãÐèÒªÀ©´óÄãµÄÄں˵ĿÉÓù²ÏíÄÚ´æ¡£ÐèÒªµÄ¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ¾ßÌåµÄÊýÁ¿È¡¾öÓÚÄãµÄÌåϵ½á¹¹ºÍÄãÅäÖÃÄãµÄ postmaster + ÔËÐÐʱʹÓõĻº³åÇøºÍºó¶Ë½ø³ÌÊýÄ¿¡£¶Ô´ó¶àÊýϵͳ£¬Ê¹ÓÃȱʡ»º³åÇøºÍ½ø³ÌÊýĿʱ£¬Äã×îÉÙÐèÒª~1MB¡£Óйع²ÏíÄÚ´æºÍÐźŵƵÄÏêϸÐÅÏ¢Çë²Î¿¼ + PostgreSQL Administrator's Guide ¡£ +

3.4) µ±ÎÒÊÔͼÔËÐÐ postmaster ʱ£¬³öÏÖ IpcSemaphoreCreate ´íÎó¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿

+

Èç¹û´íÎóÐÅÏ¢ÊÇ IpcSemaphoreCreate: semget failed (No space left on device)£¬ÄÇôԭÒòÊÇÄãµÄÄÚºËûÓÐÅäÖÃ×ã¹»µÄÐźŵÆ×ÊÔ´¡£Postgres + µÄÿ¸öDZÔڵĺǫ́½ø³Ì¶¼ÐèÒªÒ»¸öÐźŵơ£Ò»¸öÁÙʱµÄ½â¾ö·½·¨ÊÇÒԱȽÏÉٵĺǫ́½ø³ÌÊý£¨²ÎÊý£©Æô¶¯ postmaster¡£Ê¹Óÿª¹Ø -N ´øÒ»¸öÉÙÓÚȱʡֵ + 32 µÄ²ÎÊýÔËÐÐ postmaster¡£¸ü³¤¾ÃµÄ½â¾ö·½·¨ÊǼӴóÄãµÄÄÚºËµÄ SEMMNS ºÍ + SEMMNI ²ÎÊý¡£

+

ÔÚÊý¾Ý¿â·ÃÎÊÁ¿ºÜ´óʱ£¬ÐźŵƲ»¿ÉÓÿÉÄܵ¼ÖÂϵͳ±ÀÀ£¡£

+

Èç¹û´íÎóÐÅÏ¢ÊÇÆäËûµÄʲô¶«Î÷£¬Äã¿ÉÄܾ͸ù±¾Ã»ÓÐÔÚÄÚºËÀïÃæÅäÖÃÐźŵÆÖ§³Ö¡£Óйع²ÏíÄÚ´æºÍÐźŵƵÄÏêϸÐÅÏ¢Çë²Î¿¼ + PostgreSQL Administrator's Guide ¡£

3.5) + ÎÒÈçºÎ¿ØÖÆÀ´×ÔÆäËûÖ÷»úµÄÁ¬½Ó£¿

+

ȱʡʱ£¬PostgreSQL Ö»ÔÊÐíͨ¹ý unix ÓòÌ×½Ó×ÖÀ´×Ô±¾»úµÄÁ¬½Ó¡£³ý·ÇÄãʹÓà -i ¿ª¹ØÆô¶¯ postmaster£¬²¢ÇÒͨ¹ý¶ÔÓ¦µÄ±à¼­ + $PGDATA/pg_hba.conf Îļþ´ò¿ªÁËÖ÷»úΪ»ù´¡£¨ host-based £©µÄÈÏÖ¤£¬·ñÔòÆäËû»úÆ÷ÊDz»ÄÜÓëÄãµÄ»úÆ÷Á¬½ÓµÄ¡£ÕâÑù½«ÔÊÐí + TCP/IP Á¬½Ó¡£

+

3.6) ÎÒÔõÑùµ÷ÕûÊý¾Ý¿âÒýÇæÒÔ»ñµÃ¸üºÃµÄÐÔÄÜ£¿

+

µ±È»£¬Ë÷Òý¿ÉÒÔ¼ÓËÙ²éѯ¡£EXPLAIN ÃüÁîÔÊÐíÄã¹Û²ì PostgreSQL + ÈçºÎ½âÊÍÄãµÄ²éѯ£¬ÒÔ¼°Ê¹ÓÃÁËÄÄЩË÷Òý¡£

+

Èç¹ûÄãÕý´¦ÀíÒ»¶Ñ INSERT£¬¿¼ÂÇʹÓà COPY ÃüÁîÒÔ´óÅúÁ¿µÄ·½Ê½½øÐС£ÕâÑù×ö±Èµ¥¶ÀµÄÒ»¸ö¸ö + INSERT ¿ìµÃ¶à¡£Æä´Î£¬Ã»Óд¦ÓÚ BEGIN WORK/COMMIT + ÊÂÎñ¿éÖ®¼äµÄÓï¾ä±»ÈÏΪÊôÓÚͬһ¸öÊÂÎñ¡£ÊÔ×ÅÔÚÒ»¸öÊÂÎñ¿éÀïÃæ´¦Àí¸ü¶àµÄÓï¾ä¡£ÕâÑù¿ÉÒÔ¼õÉÙÊÂÎñ´øÀ´µÄ¶îÍ⿪Ïú¡£Í¬Ñù£¬ÔÚ×ö´óÁ¿µÄÊý¾Ý¸Ä±äʱ¿¼ÂÇɾ³ýºÍÖؽ¨Ë÷Òý¡£ +

»¹Óм¸¸öµ÷½ÚµÄÑ¡Ïî¿ÉÒÔʹÓá£Äã¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý´ø -o -F Ñ¡ÏîÆô¶¯ postmaster À´½ûÖ¹ fsync()¡£ÕâÑù½«±ÜÃâÿ´ÎÊÂÎñºóµ÷Óà fsync() + + °ÑÊý¾Ýˢе½´ÅÅÌÉÏ¡£ +

+ Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔʹÓà postmaster -B Ñ¡ÏîÔö¼Óºó¶Ë½ø³ÌʹÓõĹ²ÏíÄڴ滺³åµÄÊýÄ¿¡£Èç¹ûÄã°ÑÕâ¸ö²ÎÊýÉèÖõÃÌ«´ó£¬postmaster + ¿ÉÄÜÎÞ·¨Æô¶¯£¬ÒòΪÄãÒѾ­³¬¹ýÁËÄãµÄÄÚºËÔÚ¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ¿Õ¼äÉϵÄÏÞÖÆ¡£Ã¿¸ö»º³åÇøÊÇ 8K ²¢ÇÒȱʡ 64 ¸ö»º³åÇø¡£

+ Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔʹÓúǫ́½ø³ÌµÄ -S Ñ¡ÏîÀ´Ôö¼Óÿ¸öºǫ́½ø³ÌÓÃÓÚÁÙʱÅÅÐòÓõÄ×î´óÄÚ´æÊýÁ¿¡£-S ÖµÊÇÒÔK×ֽڼƵģ¬È±Ê¡ÊÇ 512 £¨Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬512K£©¡£

Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔʹÓà + CLUSTER ÃüÁîÀ´°Ñ±íÀïµÄÊý¾Ý°´ÕÕij¸öË÷Òý½øÐоۼ¯´æ·Å¡£²ÎÔÄ CLUSTER µÄÊÖ²áÒ³»ñÈ¡¸ü¶àϸ½Ú¡£ +

3.7) PostgreSQL Àï¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃʲôÑùµÄµ÷ÊÔÌØÐÔ£¿

+

PostgreSQL Óм¸¸öÌØÐÔÓÃÓÚ±¨¸æ״̬ÐÅÏ¢£¬ÕâЩÐÅÏ¢¿ÉÄܶԵ÷ÊÔÓÃ;ºÜÓаïÖú¡£

+

Ê×ÏÈ£¬Í¨¹ý¸½´ø --enable-cassert Ñ¡ÏîÔËÐÐ configure£¬Óкܶà assert() + ¼à¿Øºǫ́½ø³ÌºÍÔÚ·¢ÉúijЩδÔøÔ¤ÁϵÄÏÖÏóʱֹͣ³ÌÐòÔËÐС£ +

postmaster ºÍ postgres ¶¼ÓÐһЩ¿ÉÓõÄÑ¡Ïî¡£Ê×ÏÈ£¬µ±ÄãÆô¶¯ postmaster + ʱ£¬È·±£Äã°Ñ±ê×¼Êä³öºÍ±ê×¼´íÎóÊä³ö¶¨Ïòµ½ÁËÒ»¸öÈÕÖ¾ÎļþÀïÈ¥ÁË£¬Ïó£º + 

        cd /usr/local/pgsql
+        ./bin/postmaster >server.log 2>&1 &
+ ÕâÑù½«ÔÚ PostgreSQL ¶¥¼¶Ä¿Â¼ÏÂÊä³öÒ»¸ö server.log Îļþ¡£Õâ¸öÎļþ°üº¬·þÎñÆ÷Åöµ½µÄÎÊÌâºÍ´íÎóµÄÓÐÓÃÐÅÏ¢¡£postmaster ÓÐÒ»¸ö + -d Ñ¡Ï¸ÃÑ¡ÏîÔÊÐíÎÒÃÇ»ñµÃ¸ü¶àµÄϸ½Ú»ã±¨¡£-d Ñ¡Ïî½ÓÊÜÒ»¸öÊý×Ö±êÃ÷µ÷ÊÔ¼¶±ð¡£ÐèÒª¾¯¸æµÄÊǸߵĵ÷ÊÔ¼¶±ð¿ÉÄÜ»áÉú³É¾Þ´óµÄÈÕÖ¾Îļþ¡£

Èç¹û postmaster + ûÓÐÔËÐУ¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÖ±½ÓÔÚÃüÁîÐÐÉÏÆô¶¯ postgres ºǫ́½ø³Ì£¬È»ºóÖ±½Ó¼üÈë SQL Óï¾ä¡£ÎÒÃÇÖ» + ÍƼöÔÚµ÷ÊÔµÄʱºòÕâô¸É¡£Çë×¢ÒâÕâʱÓû»ÐÐÜÞ¶ø²»ÊǷֺűíʾÓï¾ä½áβ¡£Èç¹ûÄã´ø×ŵ÷ÊÔ·ûºÅ±àÒ룬Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÒ»¸öµ÷ÊÔÆ÷¹Û¿´·¢ÉúÁËʲôÊÂÇé¡£ÒòΪºǫ́½ø³ÌûÓÐÓÉ + postmaster Æô¶¯µÄ£¬Ëü²»ÊǺÍʵ¼ÊµÄÔËÐл·¾³Ò»Ö£¬¶øÇÒËø¶¨/ºǫ́½»»¥ÎÊÌâ¿ÉÄܲ»ÄÜÖØÏÖ¡£ +

Èç¹û postmaster ÒѾ­ÔËÐУ¬¿ÉÔÚÒ»¸ö´°¿ÚÖÐÆô¶¯ psql£¬È»ºóÕÒ³ö psql ¶ÔÓ¦µÄ postgres ½ø³ÌµÄ + PID¡£Ê¹ÓÃÒ»¸öµ÷ÊÔÆ÷¸½×ÅÔÚÕâ¸ö postgres PID + ÉÏ¡£Äã¿ÉÒÔÔÚµ÷ÊÔÆ÷ÀïÉèÖöϵ㲢ÇÒ´Ó psql ÀïÖ´Ðвéѯ¡£Èç¹ûÄãÔÚµ÷ÊÔ postgres µÄÆô¶¯£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÉèÖà + PGOPTIONS="-W n"£¬È»ºóÆô¶¯ psql¡£ÕâÑù½«µ¼ÖÂÆô¶¯ÑÓ³Ù n + Ã룬ÕâÑùÄã¾Í¿ÉÒÔ¸½¼ÓÒ»¸öµ÷ÊÔÆ÷²¢ÇÒ¸ú×ÙÆô¶¯Ë³ÐòµÄ¹ý³Ì¡£ +

+ postgres ³ÌÐòÓÐ -s£¬-A£¬ºÍ -t Ñ¡Ïî¿ÉÄÜÔÚµ÷ÊÔºÍÐÔÄܲâÁ¿µÄʱºò·Ç³£ÓÐÓᣠ+

Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔ´ø profiling Ö§³Ö±àÒëºǫ́£¬ÒÔ±ã¹Û²ìÄÄЩº¯ÊýÕ¼ÓõÄÖ´ÐÐʱ¼ä½Ï¶à¡£profile Îļþ½«·ÅÔÚ pgsql/data/base/dbname + Ŀ¼Ï¡£¿Í»§¶Ë profile Îļþ½«·ÅÔÚ¿Í»§¶Ëµ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼Ï¡£ÔÚ Linux ÏÂÖ§³Ö profiling ÒªÔÚ±àÒëʱ¼ÓÉÏ-DLINUX_PROFILE + ¡£

3.8) + ΪʲôÔÚÊÔͼÁ¬½ÓµÇ¼ʱÊÕµ½¡°Sorry, too many clients¡±ÏûÏ¢£¿

+

ÄãÐèÒªÔö´ó postmaster Æô¶¯Ê±Ö§³ÖµÄ²¢·¢ºǫ́½ø³ÌÊý¡£

+

ȱʡÏÞÖÆÊÇ 32 ½ø³Ì¡£Äã¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý´ø×ÅÊʵ±µÄ -N Öµ¿ª¹ØÆô¶¯ postmaster Ôö¼ÓÕâ¸öÊýÄ¿¡£»òÕßÐÞ¸Ä postgresql.conf + Îļþ¡£ +

ҪעÒâÈç¹ûÄã°Ñ -N ÉèÖÃΪ´óÓÚ 32£¬Äã±ØÐëͬÑùÔö´ó -B£¬³¬¹ýËüȱʡµÄ 64£»-B ±ØÐë×îÉÙÊÇ -N + µÄÁ½±¶£¬¶øÇÒΪÁ˸üºÃµÄÐÔÄÜ¿ÉÄÜÒª±ÈÄǸöÊý×ÖÒª´ó¡£¶ÔÓÚ´óÊýÄ¿µÄºó¶Ë½ø³Ì£¬Äã¿ÉÄÜ»¹»á·¢ÏÖÄ㻹ÐèÒªÔö¼ÓÐí¶à Unix + ÄÚºËÅäÖòÎÊýÖµ¡£Òª¼ì²éµÄ¶«Î÷°üÀ¨¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ¿éµÄ×î´ó³ß´ç£¬SHMMAX£¬ÐźŵƵÄ×î´óÊýÄ¿£¬SEMMNS + ºÍ SEMMNI£¬×î´óµÄ½ø³ÌÊý£¬NPROC£¬µ¥Óû§×î´ó½ø³ÌÊý£¬MAXUPRC£¬ÒÔ¼°´ò¿ªÎļþµÄ×î´óÊýÄ¿£¬NFILE + ºÍ NINODE + ¡£Postgres ¶ÔÔÊÐíµÄºǫ́½ø³ÌÊýÓÐÏÞÖƵÄÔ­ÒòÊÇΪÁËÈ·±£ÄãµÄϵͳ²»»áÓùâ×ÊÔ´¡£

ÔÚ Postgres ÔçÓÚ 6.5 µÄ°æ±¾£¬×î´óºǫ́½ø³ÌÊýȱʡÊÇ + 64£¬²¢ÇÒ¶ÔËüµÄÐÞ¸ÄÊ×ÏÈÐèÒªÐÞ¸Ä include/storage/sinvaladt.h ÀïµÄ MaxBackendId ³£Á¿£¬È»ºóÖØР+ BUILD¡£ +

3.9) pgsql_tmp Ŀ¼ÀﶼÓÐЩʲô£¿

+

¸ÃĿ¼Ï±£´æÁ˲éѯִÐÐÆ÷Éú³ÉµÄÁÙʱÎļþ¡£ÀýÈ磬Èç¹ûÐèҪΪÂú×ã ORDER BY Ìõ¼þ×öÅÅÐò£¬²¢ÇÒÅÅÐòÐèÒª±Èºǫ́µÄ + -S ²ÎÊý¸ø³öµÄ¸ü¶àµÄ¿Õ¼ä£¬ÄÇô¾Í»á´´½¨Ò»¸öÁÙʱÎļþ±£´æ¶à³öÀ´µÄÊý¾Ý¡£

+

ÁÙʱÎļþÓ¦¸Ã×Ô¶¯É¾³ý£¬²»¹ýÈç¹ûÔÚÅÅÐò¹ý³ÌÖкǫ́±ÀÀ£Á˾ͿÉÄÜÁôÏÂÀ´¡£Í£Ö¹²¢ÖØÆð postmaster ½«»áɾ³ýÕâЩÎļþ¡£ +
+

3.10) ΪʲôҪÔÚÉý¼¶ PostgreSQL ·¢²¼°æ±¾Ê±×ö dump ºÍ restore £¿

+

+ PostgreSQL ¿ª·¢×é¶Ôÿ´ÎСµÄÉý¼¶½ö×öÁ˽ÏÉÙµÄÐÞ¸Ä,Òò´Ë´Ó 7.2 Éý¼¶µ½ 7.2.1 ²»ÐèÒª dump ºÍ restore¡£µ«ÊÇÖ÷ÒªµÄÉý¼¶£¨ÀýÈç´Ó + 7.2 µ½ 7.3£©Í¨³£»áÐÞ¸Äϵͳ±íºÍÊý¾Ý±íµÄÄÚ²¿¸ñʽ¡£ÕâЩ±ä»¯Ò»°ã±È½Ï¸´ÔÓ£¬Òò´ËÎÒÃDz»Î¬Êý¾ÝÎļþµÄÏòºó¼æÈÝ¡£dump + ½«Êý¾Ý°´ÕÕͨÓõĸñʽÊä³ö£¬Ëæºó¿ÉÒÔ±»ÖØмÓÔز¢Ê¹ÓÃеÄÄÚ²¿¸ñʽ¡£

+

+ ´ÅÅÌÎļþ¸ñʽûÓб仯µÄÉý¼¶£¬¿ÉÒÔÓà pg_upgrade ½Å±¾£¬¶ø²»ÐèÒª×ö dump ºÍ restor¡£·¢²¼ËµÃ÷script »áÖ¸Ã÷ pg_upgrade + ¶Ô¸Ã´ÎÉý¼¶ÊÇ·ñ¿ÉÓá£

+

+

+
+

²Ù×÷ÎÊÌâ

+
+

4.1) + ¶þ½øÖÆÓαêºÍÆÕͨÓαêÖ®¼äµÄÇø±ðÊÇʲô£¿

+ ²ÎÔÄ DECLARE ÊÖ²áÒ³»ñÈ¡ÐÅÏ¢¡£ +

4.2)ÈçºÎÖ» SELECT Ò»¸ö²éѯ½á¹ûµÄÍ·¼¸ÐУ¿

+ ²ÎÔÄ FETCH + ÊÖ²áÒ³£¬»òÕßʹÓà SELECT ... LIMIT.... +

¼´Ê¹ÄãÖ»ÐèÒª¿ªÍ·µÄ¼¸ÐУ¬Ò²»áÉæ¼°µ½Õû¸ö²éѯ¡£ÊÔ×ÅʹÓôøÓÐ ORDER BY µÄ²éѯ¡£Èç¹ûÓÐÒ»¸öË÷ÒýÓë + ORDER BY Æ¥Å䣬PostgreSQL ¿ÉÄܾÍÖ»´¦ÀíÒªÇóµÄÍ·¼¸Ìõ¼Ç¼£¬·ñÔò½«¶ÔÕû¸ö²éѯ½øÐд¦ÀíÖ±µ½Éú³ÉÐèÒªµÄÐС£ +

4.3) ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñÈ¡Ò»¸ö±íµÄÁÐ±í£¬»òÕßÊÇÆäËûÎÒÄÜÔÚ psql Àï¿´µ½µÄ¶«Î÷£¿

+ Äã¿ÉÒÔÔĶÁ psql µÄÔ´´úÂëÎļþpgsql/src/bin/psql/describe.c ¡£Ëü°üÀ¨ÎªÉú³É psql + µÄ·´Ð±¸ÜÃüÁîµÄÊä³öµÄ SQL ÃüÁî¡£Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔ´ø -E Ñ¡ÏîÆô¶¯ psql£¬ÕâÑùËü½«´òÓ¡³öÖ´ÐÐÄã¸ø³öµÄÃüÁîËùÓõIJéѯ¡£ +

4.4) ÔõÑù´Ó±íÀïÃæɾ³ýÒ»ÁУ¿

+

7.3 ÀïÔö¼ÓÁË ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN£¬ÒÔÖ§³Ö´ËÏÄÜ¡£ÔÚÒÔÇ°µÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬¿ÉÒÔÕâÑù×ö£º

+ 
    BEGIN;
     LOCK TABLE old_table;
     SELECT ...  -- select all columns but the one you want to remove
     INTO TABLE new_table
@@ -648,38 +533,24 @@ restor
     DROP TABLE old_table;
     ALTER TABLE new_table RENAME TO old_table;
     COMMIT;
-
-
-        4.5) Ò»ÐУ¬Ò»¸ö±í£¬Ò»¸ö¿âµÄ×î´ó³ß´çÊǶàÉÙ£¿
-
-ÏÂÃæÊÇһЩÏÞÖÆ£º
-
-    Ò»¸öÊý¾Ý¿â×î´ó³ß´ç£¿   ÎÞÏÞÖÆ£¨´æÔÚ 1TB µÄÊý¾Ý¿â£©
-    Ò»¸ö±íµÄ×î´ó³ß´ç£¿    16TB
-    Ò»ÐеÄ×î´ó³ß´ç£¿      1.6TB
+
+

4.5) Ò»ÐУ¬Ò»¸ö±í£¬Ò»¸ö¿âµÄ×î´ó³ß´çÊǶàÉÙ£¿

+ ÏÂÃæÊÇһЩÏÞÖÆ£º
    Ò»¸öÊý¾Ý¿â×î´ó³ß´ç£¿   ÎÞÏÞÖÆ£¨´æÔÚ 1TB µÄÊý¾Ý¿â£©
+    Ò»¸ö±íµÄ×î´ó³ß´ç£¿    16TB
+    Ò»ÐеÄ×î´ó³ß´ç£¿      1.6TB
      Ò»¸ö×ֶεÄ×î´ó³ß´ç?   1GB
-    Ò»¸ö±íÀï×î´óÐÐÊý£¿     ÎÞÏÞÖÆ
-    Ò»¸ö±íÀï×î´óÁÐÊý£¿     ¸úÁÐÀàÐÍÓйØ,250-1600
-    Ò»¸ö±íÀïµÄ×î´óË÷ÒýÊýÁ¿£¿ÎÞÏÞÖÆ
-
-µ±È»£¬Êµ¼ÊÉÏûÓÐÕæÕýµÄÎÞÏÞÖÆ£¬»¹ÊÇÒªÊÜ¿ÉÓôÅÅ̿ռ䡢¿ÉÓÃÄÚ´æ/½»»»ÇøµÄÖÆÔ¼¡£
-
-±íµÄ×î´ó³ß´ç 16 TB ²»ÐèÒª²Ù×÷ϵͳ¶Ô´óÎļþµÄÖ§³Ö¡£´ó±íÓöà¸ö 1 GB µÄÎļþ
-´æ´¢£¬Òò´ËÎļþϵͳ³ß´çµÄÏÞÖÆÊDz»ÖØÒªµÄ¡£
-
-Èç¹ûȱʡµÄ¿é´óСÔö³¤µ½ 32K £¬×î´óµÄ±í³ß´çºÍ×î´óÁÐÊý¿ÉÒÔÔö¼Ó¡£
-
-
-        4.6)´æ´¢Ò»¸öµäÐ͵ÄƽÃæÎļþÀïµÄÊý¾ÝÐèÒª¶àÉÙ´ÅÅ̿ռ䣿
-
-Ò»¸ö Postgres Êý¾Ý¿â×î¶à¿ÉÄÜÐèÒªÏ൱ÓÚÔÚÒ»¸öƽÃæÎļþÀï´æ´¢ÏàͬÊý¾ÝµÄ5±¶
-µÄ´ÅÅ̿ռ䡣
-
-ÀýÈ磬¼ÙÉèÓÐÒ»¸ö 100,000 ÐеÄÎļþ£¬Ã¿ÐÐÓÐÒ»¸öÕûÊýºÍÒ»¸öÎı¾ÃèÊö¡£¼ÙÉèÎÄ
-±¾´®µÄƽ¾ù³¤¶Èλ20×Ö½Ú¡£Æ½ÃæÎļþÕ¼Óà 2.8 MB¡£´æ·ÅÕâЩÊý¾ÝµÄ PostgreSQL
-Êý¾Ý¿âÎļþ´óÔ¼ÊÇ 6.4 MB:
-
-     36 ×Ö½Ú: ÿÐеÄÍ·£¨¹À¼ÆÖµ£©
+    Ò»¸ö±íÀï×î´óÐÐÊý£¿     ÎÞÏÞÖÆ
+    Ò»¸ö±íÀï×î´óÁÐÊý£¿     ¸úÁÐÀàÐÍÓйØ,250-1600
+    Ò»¸ö±íÀïµÄ×î´óË÷ÒýÊýÁ¿£¿ÎÞÏÞÖÆ
+ µ±È»£¬Êµ¼ÊÉÏûÓÐÕæÕýµÄÎÞÏÞÖÆ£¬»¹ÊÇÒªÊÜ¿ÉÓôÅÅ̿ռ䡢¿ÉÓÃÄÚ´æ/½»»»ÇøµÄÖÆÔ¼¡£ +

+ ±íµÄ×î´ó³ß´ç 16 TB ²»ÐèÒª²Ù×÷ϵͳ¶Ô´óÎļþµÄÖ§³Ö¡£´ó±íÓöà¸ö 1 + GB µÄÎļþ´æ´¢£¬Òò´ËÎļþϵͳ³ß´çµÄÏÞÖÆÊDz»ÖØÒªµÄ¡£ +

Èç¹ûȱʡµÄ¿é´óСÔö³¤µ½ 32K £¬×î´óµÄ±í³ß´çºÍ×î´óÁÐÊý¿ÉÒÔÔö¼Ó¡£

+

4.6)´æ´¢Ò»¸öµäÐ͵ÄƽÃæÎļþÀïµÄÊý¾ÝÐèÒª¶àÉÙ´ÅÅ̿ռ䣿

+ Ò»¸ö Postgres Êý¾Ý¿â×î¶à¿ÉÄÜÐèÒªÏ൱ÓÚÔÚÒ»¸öƽÃæÎļþÀï´æ´¢ÏàͬÊý¾ÝµÄ5±¶µÄ´ÅÅ̿ռ䡣 +

ÀýÈ磬¼ÙÉèÓÐÒ»¸ö 100,000 ÐеÄÎļþ£¬Ã¿ÐÐÓÐÒ»¸öÕûÊýºÍÒ»¸öÎı¾ÃèÊö¡£¼ÙÉèÎı¾´®µÄƽ¾ù³¤¶Èλ20×Ö½Ú¡£Æ½ÃæÎļþÕ¼Óà2.8 MB¡£´æ·ÅÕâЩÊý¾ÝµÄ + PostgreSQL Êý¾Ý¿âÎļþ´óÔ¼ÊÇ 6.4 MB:

     36 ×Ö½Ú: ÿÐеÄÍ·£¨¹À¼ÆÖµ£©
      24 ×Ö½Ú: Ò»¸öint×ֶκÍÒ»¸öÎı¾ÐÍ×Ö¶Î
    +  4 ×Ö½Ú: Ò³ÃæÄÚÖ¸ÏòÔª×éµÄÖ¸Õë
    ----------------------------------------
@@ -696,400 +567,277 @@ restor
       128 ÐÐÿҳ
 
    782 Êý¾ÝÒ³ * 8192 ×Ö½Ú/Ò³  =  6,406,144 ×Ö½Ú£¨6.4 MB£©
-
-Ë÷Òý²»ÐèÒªÕâô¶àµÄ¶îÍâÏûºÄ£¬µ«Ò²È·Êµ°üÀ¨±»Ë÷ÒýµÄÊý¾Ý£¬Òò´ËËüÃÇÒ²¿ÉÄܴܺó¡£
-
-¿ÕÖµ´æ·ÅÔÚλͼÖУ¬Òò´ËÕ¼ÓúÜÉٵĿռ䡣
-
-
-        4.7) ÈçºÎ²é¿´±í¡¢Ë÷Òý¡¢Êý¾Ý¿âÒÔ¼°Óû§µÄ¶¨Ò壿
-
-/ psql/ ÓÐÐí¶à·´Ð±¸ÜÃüÁîÓÃÓÚÏÔʾÕâЩÐÅÏ¢¡£Óà \? ¿´¿´¶¼ÓÐÄÄЩ¡£ÒÔ pg_ ´ò
-Í·µÄϵͳ±íÒ²ÃèÊöÁËÕâЩÐÅÏ¢¡£ psql -l ¿ÉÒÔÁгöËùÓеÄÊý¾Ý¿â¡£
-
-Ò²¿ÉÒÔÊÔÊÔÎļþ /pgsql/src/tutorial/syscat.source/¡£ËüÑÝʾÁËÐí¶à´ÓÊý¾Ý¿â
-ϵͳ±íÀï»ñÈ¡ÐÅÏ¢ÐèÒªµÄ SELECT¡£
-
-
-        4.8) ÎҵIJéѯºÜÂý»òÕßûÓÐÀûÓÃË÷Òý¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿
-
-²¢·Çÿ¸ö²éѯ¶¼»á×Ô¶¯Ê¹ÓÃË÷Òý¡£Ö»ÓÐÔÚ±íµÄ´óС³¬¹ýÒ»¸ö×îСֵ£¬²¢ÇÒ²éѯֻѡ
-Ôñ±íÖнÏС±ÈÀýµÄÐÐʱ²ÉÓÃʹÓÃË÷Òý¡£ÕâÊÇÒòΪË÷ÒýɨÃèÒýÆðµÄËæ¼´´ÅÅÌ´æÈ¡¿ÉÄÜ
-±ÈÖ±½ÓµØ¶ÁÈ¡±í£¨Ë³ÐòɨÃ裩¸üÂý¡£ÎªÁËÅжÏÊÇ·ñʹÓÃË÷Òý£¬PostgreSQL ±ØÐë»ñ
-µÃÓйرíµÄͳ¼ÆÖµ¡£ÕâЩͳ¼ÆÖµ¿ÉÒÔʹÓà VACUUM ANALYZE£¬»ò ANALYZE »ñµÃ¡£Ê¹
-ÓÃͳ¼ÆÖµ£¬ÓÅ»¯Æ÷ÖªµÀ±íÖÐÓжàÉÙÐУ¬¾ÍÄܹ»¸üºÃµØÅжÏÊÇ·ñÀûÓÃË÷Òý¡£Í³¼ÆÖµ¶Ô
-È·¶¨ÓÅ»¯µÄÁ¬½Ó˳ÐòºÍÁ¬½Ó·½·¨Ò²ºÜÓÐÓá£ÔÚ±íµÄÄÚÈÝ·¢Éú±ä»¯Ê±£¬Ó¦¶¨ÆÚ½øÐÐͳ
-¼ÆÖµµÄ»ñÈ¡¡£
-
-Ë÷Òýͨ³£²»ÓÃÓÚ ORDER BY »òÖ´ÐÐÁ¬½Ó¡£¶ÔÒ»¸ö´ó±íµÄÒ»´Î˳ÐòɨÃ裬ÔÙ×öÒ»¸öÏÔ
-ʽµÄÅÅÐòͨ³£±ÈË÷ÒýɨÃèÒª¿ì¡£
-
-µ«ÊÇ£¬ÔÚ LIMIT ºÍ ORDER BY ½áºÏʹÓÃʱ¾­³£»áʹÓÃË÷Òý£¬ÒòΪֻ»á·µ»Ø±íµÄÒ»
-С²¿·Ö¡£Êµ¼ÊÉÏ£¬ËäÈ» MAX() ºÍ MIN() ²¢²»Ê¹ÓÃË÷Òý£¬Í¨¹ý¶Ô ORDER BY ºÍ
-LLIMIT ʹÓÃË÷ÒýÈ¡µÃ×î´óÖµºÍ×îСֵҲÊÇ¿ÉÒԵģº
-
-    SELECT col
-    FROM tab
-    ORDER BY col [ DESC ]
-    LIMIT 1;
-
-µ±Ê¹ÓÃͨÅä·û²Ù×÷£¬ÀýÈç LIKE »ò ~ ʱ£¬Ë÷ÒýÖ»ÄÜÔÚÌض¨µÄÇé¿öÏÂʹÓ㺠 
-
-    * ×Ö·û´®µÄ¿ªÊ¼²¿·Ö±ØÐëÊÇÆÕͨ×Ö·û´®£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£º
-          o LIKE ģʽ²»ÄÜÒÔ % ´òÍ·¡£
-          o ~ £¨ÕýÔò±í´ïʽ£©Ä£Ê½±ØÐëÒÔ ^ ´òÍ·¡£
-    * ×Ö·û´®²»ÄÜÒÔÆ¥Åä¶à¸ö×Ö·ûµÄģʽÀà´òÍ·£¬ÀýÈç [a-e]¡£
-    * ´óСдÎ޹صIJéÕÒ£¬Èç ILIKE ºÍ ~* µÈ²»Ê¹ÓÃË÷Òý¡£µ«¿ÉÒÔÓà 4.12 ½ÚÃè
-      ÊöµÄº¯ÊýË÷Òý¡£
-    * ÔÚ×ö initdb ʱ±ØÐë²ÉÓÃȱʡµÄ±¾µØÉèÖà C locale¡£
-
-
-        4.9) ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜ¿´µ½²éѯÓÅ»¯Æ÷ÊÇÔõÑù´¦ÀíÎҵIJéѯµÄ£¿
-
-²Î¿¼ EXPLAIN ÊÖ²áÒ³¡£
-
-
-        4.10) R-tree Ë÷ÒýÊÇʲô£¿
-
-R-tree Ë÷ÒýÓÃÓÚË÷Òý¿Õ¼äÊý¾Ý¡£Ò»¸ö¹þÏ£Ë÷ÒýÎÞ·¨´¦Àí·¶Î§ËÑË÷¡£¶ø B-tree Ë÷
-ÒýÖ»ÄÜ´¦ÀíһάµÄ·¶Î§ËÑË÷¡£R-tree Ë÷Òý¿ÉÒÔ´¦Àí¶àάÊý¾Ý¡£ÀýÈ磬Èç¹û¿ÉÒÔÔÚ
-Ò»¸öÀàÐÍΪ point µÄ×Ö¶ÎÉϽ¨Á¢Ò»¸ö R-tree Ë÷Òý£¬ÄÇôϵͳÄܸü¸ßЧµØ»Ø´ðÀà
-ËÆ ¡°Ñ¡ÔñÔÚÒ»¸ö³¤·½Ðη¶Î§ÄÚµÄËùÓе㡱¡£
-
-ÃèÊö×î³õµÄ R-Tree Éè¼ÆµÄÕýʽÂÛÎÄÊÇ£º
-
-Guttman, A. "R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure for Spatial Searching."
-Proc of the 1984 ACM SIGMOD Int'l Conf on Mgmt of Data, 45-57.
-
-Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔÔÚ Stonebraker µÄ¡°Readings in Database Systems¡±ÀïÕÒµ½ÕâƪÎÄÕ¡£
-
-ϵͳÄÚÖÃµÄ R-Tree ¿ÉÒÔ´¦Àí¶à±ßÐκͷ½ÐΡ£ÀíÂÛÉÏ˵£¬R-tree ¿ÉÒÔÀ©Õ¹Îª´¦Àí
-¸ü¶àάÊý¡£²»¹ýÔÚʵ¼ùÉÏ£¬À©Õ¹ R-trees ÐèÒªÒ»¶¨µÄ¹¤×÷Á¿£¬¶øÎÒÃÇĿǰûÓÐÈç
-ºÎ×öµÄÎĵµ¡£
-
-
-        4.11) ʲôÊÇ»ùÒò²éѯÓÅ»¯£¨Genetic Query Optimization£©£¿
-
-GEQO Ä£¿é²ÉÓûùÒòËã·¨£¨Genetic Algorithm£¬GA£©¼Ó¿ì¶à±íÁ¬½ÓµÄ²éѯÓÅ»¯¡£Ëü
-ÔÊÐíͨ¹ý·ÇÇî¾ÙËÑË÷´¦Àí´óµÄÁ¬½Ó²éѯ¡£
-
-
-        4.12) ÎÒÔõÑù×öÕýÔò±í´ïʽËÑË÷ºÍ´óСдÎ޹صÄÕýÔò±í´ïʽËÑË÷£¿ÔõÑùÀû
-        ÓÃË÷Òý½øÐдóСдÎÞ¹ØËÑË÷£¿
-
-²Ù×÷·û ~ ´¦ÀíÕýÔò±í´ïʽƥÅ䣬¶ø ~* ´¦Àí´óСдÎ޹صÄÕýÔò±í´ïʽƥÅä¡£´óд
-ЩÎÞ¹ØµÄ LIKE ±äÖÖ³ÉΪ ILIKE¡£
-
-´óСдÎ޹صĵÈʽ±È½Ïͨ³£Ð´×ö£º
-
-    SELECT *
-    FROM tab
-    WHERE lower(col) = 'abc';
-
-ÕâÑù½«²»»áʹÓñê×¼µÄË÷Òý¡£µ«ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔ´´½¨Ò»¸ö¿É±»ÀûÓõĺ¯ÊýË÷Òý:
-
-    CREATE INDEX tabindex ON tab (lower(col));
-
-
-        4.13) ÔÚÒ»¸ö²éѯÀÎÒÔõÑù¼ì²âÒ»¸ö×Ö¶ÎÊÇ·ñΪ NULL£¿
-
-Óà IS NULL ºÍ IS NOT NULL ²âÊÔÕâ¸ö×ֶΡ£ 
-
-
-        4.14) ¸÷ÖÖ×Ö·ûÀàÐÍÖ®¼äÓÐʲô²»Í¬£¿
-
-  ÀàÐÍ            ÄÚ²¿Ãû³Æ    ˵Ã÷
-  --------------------------------------------------
-  "char"        char         1¸ö×Ö·û character
-  CHAR(#)      bpchar       ¶¨³¤×Ö·û´®£¬Êµ¼ÊÊý¾Ý²»×㶨Ò峤¶Èʱ£¬ÒÔ¿Õ¸ñ²¹Æë
-  VARCHAR(#)  varchar     Ö¸¶¨ÁË×î´ó³¤¶È£¬±ä³¤×Ö·û´®£¬²»×㶨Ò峤¶ÈµÄ²¿·Ö
-²»²¹Æë
-  TEXT           text         ´®³¤¶È½öÊÜÐеÄ×î´ó³¤¶ÈÏÞÖÆ
-  BYTEA          bytea       ±ä³¤×Ö½ÚÐòÁУ¨±ä³¤µÄ¶þ½øÖÆÊý¾Ý£©
-
-ÔÚϵͳ±íºÍÔÚһЩ´íÎóÐÅÏ¢ÀïÄ㽫¿´µ½ÄÚ²¿Ãû³Æ¡£ 
-
-ÉÏÃæ×îºóËÄÖÖÀàÐÍÊÇ"varlena"£¨±ä³¤£©ÀàÐÍ£¨Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬¿ªÍ·µÄËĸö×Ö½ÚÊdz¤
-¶È£¬ºóÃæ²ÅÊÇÊý¾Ý£©¡£ÓÚÊÇʵ¼ÊÕ¼ÓõĿռä±ÈÉùÃ÷µÄ´óСҪ¶àһЩ¡£È»¶øÕâЩÀàÐÍ
-¶¼¿ÉÒÔ±»Ñ¹Ëõ´æ´¢£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÓà TOAST ÍÑ»ú´æ´¢£¬Òò´Ë´ÅÅÌ¿Õ¼äÒ²¿ÉÄܱÈÔ¤ÏëµÄÒªÉÙ¡£
-
-CHAR(n) ×îÊʺÏÓÚ´æ´¢³¤¶È»ù±¾²î²»¶àµÄ×Ö·û´®¡£VARCHAR(n) ÔÚ´æ´¢ÏÞÖÆÁË×î´ó
-³¤¶ÈµÄ±ä³¤×Ö·û´®ÊÇ×îºÃµÄ¡£TEXT ÊÊÓÃÓÚ´æ´¢²»ÏÞÖƳ¤¶ÈµÄ×Ö·û´®£¬×î´ó¿É´ï
-1G¡£BYTEA ÓÃÓÚ´æ´¢¶þ½øÖÆÊý¾Ý£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇ°üº¬ NULL ×Ö½Ú£¨¶þ½øÖƵÄ0£©µÄÖµ¡£Õâ
-ЩÀàÐ;ßÓÐÀàÐ͵ÄÐÔÄÜ¡£
-
-
-        4.15.1) ÎÒÔõÑù´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁкÅ/×Ô¶¯µÝÔöµÄ×ֶΣ¿
-
-PostgreSQL Ö§³Ö SERIAL Êý¾ÝÀàÐÍ¡£ËüÔÚ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ×Ô¶¯´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁкÍË÷Òý¡£ÀýÈ磬
-    CREATE TABLE person ( 
-        id SERIAL, 
-        name TEXT 
-        );
-
-»á×Ô¶¯×ª»»Îª£º 
-    
-    CREATE SEQUENCE person_id_seq;
-    CREATE TABLE person ( 
-        id INT4 NOT NULL DEFAULT nextval('person_id_seq'),
-        name TEXT 
-        );
-    CREATE UNIQUE INDEX person_id_key ON person ( id );
-
-²Î¿¼ create_sequence ÊÖ²áÒ³»ñÈ¡¹ØÓÚÐòÁеĸü¶àÐÅÏ¢¡£Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔÓÃÿÐÐµÄ oid
-×Ö¶Î×÷Ϊһ¸öΨһֵ¡£²»¹ý£¬Èç¹ûÄãÐèÒªÇãµ¹ºÍÖØÔØÊý¾Ý¿â£¬ÄãÐèҪʹÓà pg_dump
-µÄ -o Ñ¡Ïî»òÕß COPY WITH OIDS Ñ¡ÏîÒÔ±£Áô OID¡£ 
-
-
-        4.15.2) ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñµÃÒ»¸ö²åÈëµÄÐòÁкŵÄÖµ£¿
-
-Ò»ÖÖ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ²åÈë֮ǰÏÈÓú¯Êý nextval() ´ÓÐòÁжÔÏóÀï¼ìË÷³öÏÂÒ»¸ö SERIAL
-Öµ£¬È»ºóÔÙÏÔʽ²åÈ롣ʹÓà 4.15.1 <#4.15.1> ÀïµÄÀý±í£¬¿ÉÓÃαÂëÕâÑùÃèÊö£º 
-
-    new_id = execute("SELECT nextval('person_id_seq')");
-    execute("INSERT INTO person (id, name) VALUES (new_id, 'Blaise
-Pascal')");
-
-ÕâÑù»¹ÄÜÔÚÆäËû²éѯÖÐʹÓôæ·ÅÔÚ new_id ÀïµÄÐÂÖµ£¨ÀýÈ磬×÷Ϊ person ±íµÄÍâ
-¼ü£©¡£×¢Òâ×Ô¶¯´´½¨µÄ SEQUENCE ¶ÔÏóµÄÃû³Æ½«»áÊÇ
-
__seq£¬ÕâÀï table ºÍ serialcolumn ·Ö±ðÊÇÄãµÄ±íµÄÃû -³ÆºÍÄãµÄ SERIAL ×ֶεÄÃû³Æ¡£ - -ÀàËƵģ¬ÔÚ SERIAL ¶ÔÏóȱʡ²åÈëºóÄã¿ÉÒÔÓú¯Êý currval() ¼ìË÷¸Õ¸³ÖµµÄ -SERIAL Öµ£¬ÀýÈ磬 - - execute("INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal')"); - new_id = execute("SELECT currval('person_id_seq')"); - -×îºó£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃ´Ó INSERT Óï¾ä·µ»ØµÄ OID <4.16> ²éÕÒȱʡֵ£¬¾¡¹ÜÕâ¿ÉÄÜÊÇ -×îȱ·¦ÒÆÖ²ÐԵķ½·¨¡£ÔÚ Perl ÀʹÓôøÓÐ Edmund Mergl µÄ DBD::Pg Ä£¿éµÄ -DBI£¬oid Öµ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý $sth->execute() ºóµÄ $sth->{pg_oid_status} »ñµÃ¡£ - - - 4.15.3) ʹÓà currval() ºÍ nextval() »áµ¼ÖÂÒ»¸öÓëÆäËûÓû§Ö®¼äµÄÎÉ - ÂÒÇé¿öÂ𣿠- -²»»á¡£currval() ·µ»Øºǫ́½ø³Ì¶ø²»ÊÇËùÓÐÓû§¸³ÓèµÄµ±Ç°Öµ¡£ - - - 4.15.4) Ϊʲô²»ÔÚÊÂÎñÒì³£ÖÐÖ¹ºóÖØÓÃÐòÁкÅÄØ£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´ÔÚÐòÁкÅ×ֶΠ- µÄÈ¡ÖµÖдæÔÚ¼ä¶ÏÄØ£¿ - -ΪÁËÌá¸ß²¢·¢ÐÔ£¬ÐòÁкÅÔÚÐèÒªµÄʱºò¸³ÓèÕýÔÚÔËÐеÄÊÂÎñ£¬²¢ÇÒÖ»ÔÚÊÂÎñ½áÊøÖ® -Ç°²»·âËø¡£Õâ¾Í»áµ¼ÖÂزÕÛÊÂÎñºóµÄÐòÁкųöÏÖ¼ä¸ô¡£ - - - - 4.16) ʲôÊÇ OID£¿Ê²Ã´ÊÇ TID£¿ - -OID ÊÇ PostgreSQL ÖÐÐеÄΨһ±êʶ¡£PostgreSQL Àï´´½¨µÄÿһÐж¼»ñµÃÒ»¸öΨ -Ò»µÄ OID¡£ËùÓÐÔÚ initdb ¹ý³ÌÖд´½¨µÄ OID ¶¼Ð¡ÓÚ 16384 £¨²Î¼û -include/access/transam.h£©¡£ËùÓÐÓû§´´½¨µÄ OID ¶¼´óÓÚ»òµÈÓÚÕâ¸öÖµ¡£È±Ê¡ -ʱ£¬ËùÓÐÕâЩ OID ²»½öÔÚÒ»¸ö±í»òÒ»¸öÊý¾Ý¿âÀïÃæΨһ£¬¶øÇÒÔÚÕû¸ö PostgreSQL -°²×°ÀïÒ²ÊÇΨһµÄ¡£ - -PostgreSQL ÔÚËüµÄÄÚ²¿ÏµÍ³±íÀïʹÓà OID ÔÚ±íÖ®¼ä½¨Á¢ÁªÏµ¡£ÕâЩ OID ¿ÉÒÔÓà -ÓÚ±êʶÌض¨µÄÓû§ÐÐÒÔ¼°ÓÃÔÚÁ¬½ÓÀï¡£½¨ÒéʹÓÃ×Ö¶ÎÀàÐÍ OID ´æ´¢ OID Öµ¡£¿ÉÒÔ -ÔÚ OID ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ´´½¨Ò»¸öË÷ÒýÒÔ¿ìËÙ·ÃÎÊ¡£ - -OID ´ÓÒ»¸ö±»ËùÓÐÊý¾Ý¿âʹÓõÄÖÐÐÄÇøÓòÀ︳ֵ¸øËùÓÐÐÂÐС£Èç¹ûÄãÏë°Ñ OID ¸Ä -³É±ðµÄÖµ£¬»òÕßÏë×öÒ»·Ý±íµÄ´øԭʼ OID µÄ¿½±´£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ×öµ½£º - - CREATE TABLE new(old_oid oid, mycol int); - SELECT old_oid, mycol INTO new FROM old; - COPY new TO '/tmp/pgtable'; - DELETE FROM new; - COPY new WITH OIDS FROM '/tmp/pgtable'; - -OID ÓÃ4×Ö½ÚµÄÕûÊý±£´æ£¬ÔÚ³¬¹ý40ÒÚʱ½«Òç³ö¡£Ã»ÓÐÈ˱¨¸æ³öÏÖ¹ýÒç³ö£¬¶øÎÒÃÇ -´òËãÔÚÓÐÈ˱¨¸æ֮ǰÏû³ýÕâ¸öÏÞÖÆ¡£ - -TID ÓÃÓÚ±êʶ´ø×ÅÊý¾Ý¿é£¨µØÖ·£©ºÍ£¨¿éÄÚ£©Æ«ÒƵÄÌض¨µÄÎïÀíÐС£TID ÔÚÐб»¸ü -¸Ä»òÖØÔغó·¢Éú¸Ä±ä¡£Ë÷ÒýÈë¿ÚʹÓÃËüÃÇÖ¸ÏòÎïÀíÐС£ - - - 4.17) PostgreSQL ʹÓõÄһЩÊõÓïµÄº¬ÒåÊÇʲô£¿ - -һЩԴ´úÂëºÍһЩ¾ÉÒ»µãµÄÎĵµÊ¹ÓÃһЩÓиü³£ÓÃÓ÷¨µÄÊõÓï¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÆäÖÐÒ»²¿·Ö£º - table, relation, class - row, record, tuple - column, field, attribute - retrieve, select - replace, update - append, insert - OID, serial value - portal, cursor - range variable, table name, table alias - -ÓÐÒ»¸öͨÓÃÊý¾Ý¿âÊõÓïµÄÁÐ±í£ºhttp://hea- -www.harvard.edu/MST/simul/software/docs/pkgs/pgsql/glossary/glossary.html -¡£ - - - 4.18) ΪʲôÎÒÊÕµ½´íÎó¡°/ERROR: Memory exhausted in - AllocSetAlloc()/¡±£¿ - -ÕâºÜ¿ÉÄÜÊÇϵͳµÄÐéÄâÄÚ´æÓùâÁË£¬»òÕßÄں˶ÔijЩ×ÊÔ´Óнϵ͵ÄÏÞÖÆÖµ¡£ÔÚÆô¶¯ -postmaster ֮ǰÊÔÊÔÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁ - - ulimit -d 262144 - limit datasize 256m - -È¡¾öÓÚÄãÓÃµÄ shell£¬ÉÏÃæÃüÁîÖ»ÓÐÒ»ÌõÄܳɹ¦£¬µ«ÊÇËü½«°ÑÄãµÄ½ø³ÌÊý¾Ý¶ÎÏÞÖÆ -ÉèµÃ±È½Ï¸ß£¬Òò¶øÒ²ÐíÄÜÈòéѯÍê³É¡£ÕâÌõÃüÁîÓ¦ÓÃÓÚµ±Ç°½ø³Ì£¬ÒÔ¼°ËùÓÐÔÚÕâÌõ -ÃüÁîÔËÐк󴴽¨µÄ×Ó½ø³Ì¡£Èç¹ûÄãÊÇÔÚÔËÐÐSQL¿Í»§¶ËʱÒòΪºǫ́·µ»ØÁËÌ«¶àµÄÊý -¾Ý¶ø³öÏÖÎÊÌ⣬ÇëÔÚÔËÐпͻ§¶Ë֮ǰִÐÐÉÏÊöÃüÁî¡£ - - - 4.19) ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜÖªµÀËùÔËÐÐµÄ PostgreSQL µÄ°æ±¾£¿ - -´Ó psql À¼üÈë SELECT version()£» - - - 4.20) ΪʲôÎҵĴó¶ÔÏó²Ù×÷µ¼Ö´íÎó¡°/invalid large obj - descriptor¡±£¨·Ç·¨µÄ´ó¶ÔÏóÃèÊö·û£©/£¿ - -ÄãÐèÒªÔÚʹÓÃÈκδó¶ÔÏó¾ä±úµÄÇ°ºó·ÅÉÏ BEGIN WORK ºÍ COMMIT£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬°ü -Χ lo_open ... lo_close¡£ - -Ä¿Ç° PostgreSQL Ç¿ÖÆʵʩÕâÌõ¹æÔò£ºÔÚÊÂÎñÌύʱ¹Ø±Õ´ó¶ÔÏó¾ä±ú£¬ÕâÑù£¬£¨Ã» -ÓвÉÓÃÊÂÎñʱ£©£¬Ê״ζԴó¶ÔÏó¾ä±ú×öÈκÎÊÂÇéµÄÆóͼ¶¼»áµ¼ÖÂÒ»¸ö invalid -large obj descriptor¡£ËùÒÔ£¬Èç¹ûÄãûÓÐʹÓÃÒ»¸öÊÂÎñ£¬ÒÔÇ°Äܹ¤×÷µÄ´úÂ루ÖÁ -ÉÙÊÇ´ó¶àÊýʱ¼ä£©½«»áÉú³ÉÕâôһ¸ö´íÎóÐÅÏ¢¡£ - -Èç¹ûÄãʹÓÿͻ§¶Ë½Ó¿Ú£¬Èç ODBC£¬Äã¿ÉÄÜÐèÒª set auto-commit off¡£ - - - 4.21) ÎÒÈçºÎ´´½¨Ò»¸öȱʡֵÊǵ±Ç°Ê±¼äµÄ×ֶΣ¿ - -ʹÓà CURRENT_TIMESTAMP£º - - CREATE TABLE test(x int, modtime timestamp DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP); - - - 4.22) ΪʲôʹÓà IN µÄ×Ó²éѯÕâôÂý£¿ - -Ä¿Ç°£¬ÎÒÃÇͨ¹ýΪÍâ²éѯµÄÿһÐÐ˳ÐòɨÃè×Ó²éѯµÄ½á¹ûÀ´Á¬½Ó×Ó²éѯºÍÍâ²éѯ¡£ -Èç¹û×Ó²éѯ·µ»ØÉÙÊý¼¸ÐУ¬¶øÍâ²éѯ·µ»ØºÜ¶àÐУ¬IN Ö´Ðеúܿ졣ΪÁ˼ӿìÆäËû -IN ²éѯµÄÖ´ÐУ¬¿ÉÒÔÓà EXISTS Ìæ»» IN£º - - SELECT * - FROM tab - WHERE col IN (SELECT subcol FROM subtab); - -¸ÄΪ£º - - SELECT * - FROM tab - WHERE EXISTS (SELECT subcol FROM subtab WHERE subcol = col); - -ºóÕßÒªÏëÖ´Ðеøü¿ì£¬subcol Ó¦¸ÃÊÇÒ»¸öË÷ÒýÁС£ÎÒÃÇÏ£ÍûÔÚδÀ´µÄ·¢²¼°æ±¾ÖÐ -ÐÞ²¹Õâ¸öÏÞÖÆ¡£ - - - 4.23) ÎÒÔõÑù½øÐÐ outer join £¨ÍâÁ¬½Ó£©£¿ - -PostgreSQL ²ÉÓñê×¼µÄ SQL Óï·¨Ö§³ÖÍâÁ¬½Ó¡£ÕâÀïÊÇÁ½¸öÀý×Ó£º - - SELECT * - FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 ON (t1.col = t2.col); - -»ò - SELECT * - FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 USING (col); - -ÕâÁ½¸öµÈ¼ÛµÄ²éѯÔÚ t1.col ºÍ t2.col ÉÏ×öÁ¬½Ó£¬²¢ÇÒ·µâ»?t1 ÖÐËùÓÐδÁ¬½ÓµÄ -ÐУ¨ÄÇЩÔÚ t2 ÖÐûÓÐÆ¥ÅäµÄÐУ©¡£ÓÒ[Íâ]Á¬½Ó(RIGHT OUTER JOIN)½«·µ»Ø t2 ÖÐ -δÁ¬½ÓµÄÐС£ÍêÈ«ÍâÁ¬½Ó£¨FULL OUTER JOIN£©½«·µ»Ø t1 ºÍ t2 ÖÐδÁ¬½ÓµÄÐС£ -¹Ø¼ü×Ö OUTER ÔÚ×ó[Íâ]Á¬½Ó¡¢ÓÒ[Íâ]Á¬½ÓºÍÍêÈ«[Íâ]Á¬½ÓÖÐÊÇ¿ÉÑ¡µÄ£¬ÆÕͨÁ¬½Ó -±»³ÉΪÄÚÁ¬½Ó£¨INNER JOIN£©¡£ - -ÔÚ´ËÇ°µÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬ÍâÁ¬½Ó¿ÉÒÔÓà UNION ºÍ NOT IN À´Ä£Äâ¡£ÀýÈ磬ÏÂÃæµÄÀý×ÓÔÚ -±í tab1 ºÍ tab2 Ö®¼ä×öÍâÁ¬½Ó£º - - SELECT tab1.col1, tab2.col2 - FROM tab1, tab2 - WHERE tab1.col1 = tab2.col1 - - UNION ALL - - SELECT tab1.col1, NULL - FROM tab1 - WHERE tab1.col1 NOT IN (SELECT tab2.col1 FROM tab2) - ORDER BY col1 - - - 4.24) ÈçºÎʹÓÃÉæ¼°¶à¸öÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éѯ£¿ - -ûÓа취²éѯµ±Ç°Êý¾Ý¿âÖ®ÍâµÄÊý¾Ý¿â¡£ÒòΪ PostgreSQL ¼ÓÔØÊý¾Ý¿âÏà¹ØµÄϵͳ -Ŀ¼£¨ÏµÍ³±í£©£¬¿çÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éѯÈçºÎÖ´ÐÐҲδÃ÷È·¡£ - -contrib/dblink ÔÊÐí²ÉÓú¯Êýµ÷ÓÃʵÏÖ¿ç¿â²éѯ¡£µ±È»¿ÉÒÔͬʱÁ¬½Óµ½²»Í¬µÄÊý -¾Ý¿â²¢ÔÚ¿Í»§¶ËºÏ²¢½á¹û¡£ - - - 4.25) ÈçºÎÈú¯Êý·µ»Ø¶àÐлò¶àÁУ¿ - -¿ÉÒÔÔÚ PL/pgSQL º¯ÊýÖÐʹÓà refcursors ·µ»Ø½á¹û¼¯¡£²Î¿´ -http://www.PostgreSQL.org/idocs/index.php?plpgsql-cursors.html -, -23.7.3.3½Ú¡£ - - - 4.26) ΪʲôÔÚ PL/PgSQL º¯ÊýÖв»ÄÜ¿É¿¿µØ´´½¨»òɾ³ýÁÙʱ±í£¿ - -PL/PgSQL »º´æº¯ÊýµÄÄÚÈÝ£¬ÓÉ´Ë´øÀ´µÄÒ»¸ö²»ºÃµÄ¸±×÷ÓÃÊÇÈôÒ»¸ö PL/PgSQL º¯ -Êý·ÃÎÊÁËÒ»¸öÁÙʱ±í£¬È»ºó¸Ã±í±»É¾³ý²¢Öؽ¨ÁË£¬ÔòÔٴε÷Óøú¯Êý½«Ê§°Ü£¬ÒòΪ -»º´æµÄº¯ÊýÄÚÈÝÈÔȻָÏò¾ÉµÄÁÙʱ±í¡£½â¾öµÄ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ PL/PgSQL ÖÐÓà EXECUTE -¶ÔÁÙʱ±í½øÐзÃÎÊ¡£ÕâÑù»á±£Ö¤²éѯÔÚÖ´ÐÐÇ°×ÜÊÇÖØзÖÎö¡£ - - - 4.27) ÓÐÄÄЩÊý¾Ý¸´ÖÆÑ¡Ï - -Óм¸ÖÖÖ÷/´Ó·½Ê½µÄ¸´ÖÆÑ¡Ïî¡£ÕâЩѡÏîÖ»ÔÊÐíÖ÷Êý¾Ý¿â½øÐиüУ¬´ÓÊý¾Ý¿âÖ»ÄÜ -½øÐжÁ¡£ÍøÒ³ http://gborg.PostgreSQL.org/genpage?replication_research -µÄ×îºóÁгöÁËÕâЩѡÏî¡£ÔÚ -http://gborg.PostgreSQL.org/project/pgreplication/projdisplay.php - ÕýÔÚ -½øÐÐÒ»¸ö¶àÖ÷±¾¸´ÖƵĽâ¾ö·½°¸¡£ - - - 4.28) ÓÐÄÄЩÊý¾Ý¼ÓÃÜÑ¡Ï - -contrib/pgcrypto °üº¬Á˺ܶàÔÚ SQL ²éѯÖÐʹÓõļÓÃܺ¯Êý¡£¼ÓÃÜ¿Í»§¶Ëµ½·þÎñ -Æ÷¶Ë´«ÊäÊý¾ÝµÄΨһ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ pg_hba.conf ÖвÉÓà hostss ¡£ - -7.3 °æ±¾ÖÐ×Ô¶¯¶ÔÊý¾Ý¿âÓû§ÃÜÂë½øÐмÓÃÜ¡£ÔÚÒÔÇ°µÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬±ØÐëÔÚ -postgresql.conf Öдò¿ª PASSWORD_ENCRYPTION Ñ¡Ïî¡£·þÎñÆ÷¿ÉÒÔÔËÐÐÔÚ¼ÓÃÜµÄ -ÎļþϵͳÉÏ£¨ÒÔ´ïµ½¼ÓÃܵÄÄ¿µÄ£©¡£ - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - À©Õ¹ PostgreSQL - - - 5.1) ÎÒдÁËÒ»¸öÓû§¶¨Ò庯Êý¡£µ±ÎÒÔÚ psql ÀïÔËÐÐʱ£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´»áµ¼Ö - core dump£¿ - -²úÉúÕâ¸öÎÊÌâµÄÔ­ÒòºÜ¶à¡£ÇëÏÈÔÚÒ»¸öµ¥¶ÀµÄ²âÊÔ³ÌÐòÖвâÊÔÄãµÄ×Ô¶¨Ò庯Êý¡£ - - - 5.2) ÎÒÈçºÎÄܸø PostgreSQL ¹±Ï×һЩͦ²»´íµÄÐÂÀàÐͺͺ¯Êý£¿ - -½«ÄãµÄÀ©Õ¹·¢Ë͵½ pgsql-hackers ÓʼþÁÐ±í£¬ËüÃÇ×îÖջᱻ·Åµ½ contrib/ ×ÓĿ¼¡£ - - - 5.3) ÎÒÔõÑùдһ¸ö·µ»ØÒ»ÌõÔª×éµÄ C º¯Êý£¿ - -ÔÚ PostgreSQL 7.3 ÒÔºóµÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬C, PL/PgSQL ºÍ SQL ÍêÈ«Ö§³Ö·µ»ØֵΪ±íµÄ -º¯Êý¡£¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢Çë²Î¿¼ ³ÌÐòÔ±Ö¸ÄÏ£¨the Programmer's Guide£©¡£ÔÚ -contrib/tablefunc ÖÐÓÐÒ»¸öÀý×ÓÊÇÓà C дµÄ·µ»ØֵΪ±íµÄº¯Êý¡£ - - - 5.4) ÎÒÐÞ¸ÄÁËÒ»¸öÔ´Îļþ£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´ÖØбàÒëºóûÓп´µ½¸Ä±ä£¿ - -Makefiles ÖÐûÓаüº¬Í·ÎļþµÄÕýÈ·ÒÀÀµ¡£Äú±ØÐëÏÈ×ömake clean£¬ ÔÙ×öÒ»´Î -make ¡£Èç¹ûÄúʹÓõÄÊÇ GCC £¬Ôò¿ÉÒÔ²ÉÓÃÑ¡Ïî --enable-depend ÈñàÒëÆ÷×Ô¶¯ -Éú³ÉÍ·ÎļþµÄÒÀÀµ¹Øϵ¡£ - + +

Ë÷Òý²»ÐèÒªÕâô¶àµÄ¶îÍâÏûºÄ£¬µ«Ò²È·Êµ°üÀ¨±»Ë÷ÒýµÄÊý¾Ý£¬Òò´ËËüÃÇÒ²¿ÉÄܴܺó¡£

+

¿ÕÖµ´æ·ÅÔÚλͼÖУ¬Òò´ËÕ¼ÓúÜÉٵĿռ䡣

+

4.7) + ÈçºÎ²é¿´±í¡¢Ë÷Òý¡¢Êý¾Ý¿âÒÔ¼°Óû§µÄ¶¨Ò壿

+  psql ÓÐÐí¶à·´Ð±¸ÜÃüÁîÓÃÓÚÏÔʾÕâЩÐÅÏ¢¡£Óà \? ¿´¿´¶¼ÓÐÄÄЩ¡£ÒÔ pg_ ´òÍ·µÄϵͳ±íÒ²ÃèÊöÁËÕâЩÐÅÏ¢¡£ psql -l + ¿ÉÒÔÁгöËùÓеÄÊý¾Ý¿â¡£ +

Ò²¿ÉÒÔÊÔÊÔÎļþ pgsql/src/tutorial/syscat.source¡£ËüÑÝʾÁËÐí¶à´ÓÊý¾Ý¿âϵͳ±íÀï»ñÈ¡ÐÅÏ¢ÐèÒªµÄ + SELECT¡£ +

4.8) ÎҵIJéѯºÜÂý»òÕßûÓÐÀûÓÃË÷Òý¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿

+

+ ²¢·Çÿ¸ö²éѯ¶¼»á×Ô¶¯Ê¹ÓÃË÷Òý¡£Ö»ÓÐÔÚ±íµÄ´óС³¬¹ýÒ»¸ö×îСֵ£¬²¢ÇÒ²éѯֻѡÔñ±íÖнÏС±ÈÀýµÄÐÐʱ²ÉÓÃʹÓÃË÷Òý¡£ÕâÊÇÒòΪË÷ÒýɨÃèÒýÆðµÄËæ¼´´ÅÅÌ´æÈ¡¿ÉÄܱÈÖ±½ÓµØ¶ÁÈ¡±í£¨Ë³ÐòɨÃ裩¸üÂý¡£ÎªÁËÅжÏÊÇ·ñʹÓÃË÷Òý£¬PostgreSQL + ±ØÐë»ñµÃÓйرíµÄͳ¼ÆÖµ¡£ÕâЩͳ¼ÆÖµ¿ÉÒÔʹÓà VACUUM ANALYZE£¬»ò ANALYZE + »ñµÃ¡£Ê¹ÓÃͳ¼ÆÖµ£¬ÓÅ»¯Æ÷ÖªµÀ±íÖÐÓжàÉÙÐУ¬¾ÍÄܹ»¸üºÃµØÅжÏÊÇ·ñÀûÓÃË÷Òý¡£Í³¼ÆÖµ¶ÔÈ·¶¨ÓÅ»¯µÄÁ¬½Ó˳ÐòºÍÁ¬½Ó·½·¨Ò²ºÜÓÐÓá£ÔÚ±íµÄÄÚÈÝ·¢Éú±ä»¯Ê±£¬Ó¦¶¨ÆÚ½øÐÐͳ¼ÆÖµµÄ»ñÈ¡¡£ +

+ Ë÷Òýͨ³£²»ÓÃÓÚ ORDER BY »òÖ´ÐÐÁ¬½Ó¡£¶ÔÒ»¸ö´ó±íµÄÒ»´Î˳ÐòɨÃ裬ÔÙ×öÒ»¸öÏÔʽµÄÅÅÐòͨ³£±ÈË÷ÒýɨÃèÒª¿ì¡£ +

µ«ÊÇ£¬ÔÚ LIMIT ºÍ ORDER BY ½áºÏʹÓÃʱ¾­³£»áʹÓÃË÷Òý£¬ÒòΪֻ»á·µ»Ø±íµÄһС²¿·Ö¡£Êµ¼ÊÉÏ£¬ËäÈ» MAX() ºÍ MIN() ²¢²»Ê¹ÓÃË÷Òý£¬Í¨¹ý¶Ô + ORDER BY ºÍ LLIMIT ʹÓÃË÷ÒýÈ¡µÃ×î´óÖµºÍ×îСֵҲÊÇ¿ÉÒԵģº
+
+     SELECT col
+     FROM tab
+     ORDER BY col [ DESC ]
+     LIMIT 1; +

µ±Ê¹ÓÃͨÅä·û²Ù×÷£¬ÀýÈç LIKE »ò ~ ʱ£¬Ë÷ÒýÖ»ÄÜÔÚÌض¨µÄÇé¿öÏÂʹÓ㺠 

  • ×Ö·û´®µÄ¿ªÊ¼²¿·Ö±ØÐëÊÇÆÕͨ×Ö·û´®£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£º
    • +
    • LIKE ģʽ²»ÄÜÒÔ % ´òÍ·¡£
    • ~ £¨ÕýÔò±í´ïʽ£©Ä£Ê½±ØÐëÒÔ ^ ´òÍ·¡£
    +
  • ×Ö·û´®²»ÄÜÒÔÆ¥Åä¶à¸ö×Ö·ûµÄģʽÀà´òÍ·£¬ÀýÈç [a-e]¡£
  • ´óСдÎ޹صIJéÕÒ£¬Èç ILIKE ºÍ ~* µÈ²»Ê¹ÓÃË÷Òý¡£µ«¿ÉÒÔÓà 4.12 ½ÚÃèÊöµÄº¯ÊýË÷Òý¡£
  • ÔÚ×ö initdb ʱ±ØÐë²ÉÓÃȱʡµÄ±¾µØÉèÖà C locale¡£
+

4.9) + ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜ¿´µ½²éѯÓÅ»¯Æ÷ÊÇÔõÑù´¦ÀíÎҵIJéѯµÄ£¿

+ ²Î¿¼ EXPLAIN ÊÖ²áÒ³¡£ +

4.10) R-tree Ë÷ÒýÊÇʲô£¿

+

R-tree Ë÷ÒýÓÃÓÚË÷Òý¿Õ¼äÊý¾Ý¡£Ò»¸ö¹þÏ£Ë÷ÒýÎÞ·¨´¦Àí·¶Î§ËÑË÷¡£¶ø B-tree Ë÷ÒýÖ»ÄÜ´¦ÀíһάµÄ·¶Î§ËÑË÷¡£R-tree + Ë÷Òý¿ÉÒÔ´¦Àí¶àάÊý¾Ý¡£ÀýÈ磬Èç¹û¿ÉÒÔÔÚÒ»¸öÀàÐÍΪ point µÄ×Ö¶ÎÉϽ¨Á¢Ò»¸ö R-tree Ë÷Òý£¬ÄÇôϵͳÄܸü¸ßЧµØ»Ø´ðÀàËÆ + ¡°Ñ¡ÔñÔÚÒ»¸ö³¤·½Ðη¶Î§ÄÚµÄËùÓе㡱¡£
+
+ ÃèÊö×î³õµÄ R-Tree Éè¼ÆµÄÕýʽÂÛÎÄÊÇ£º
+
+ Guttman, A. "R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure for Spatial Searching." Proc of + the 1984 ACM SIGMOD Int'l Conf on Mgmt of Data, 45-57. +
+
+ Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔÔÚ Stonebraker µÄ¡°Readings in Database Systems¡±ÀïÕÒµ½ÕâƪÎÄÕ¡£
+
+ ϵͳÄÚÖÃµÄ R-Tree ¿ÉÒÔ´¦Àí¶à±ßÐκͷ½ÐΡ£ÀíÂÛÉÏ˵£¬R-tree ¿ÉÒÔÀ©Õ¹Îª´¦Àí¸ü¶àάÊý¡£²»¹ýÔÚʵ¼ùÉÏ£¬À©Õ¹ R-trees + ÐèÒªÒ»¶¨µÄ¹¤×÷Á¿£¬¶øÎÒÃÇĿǰûÓÐÈçºÎ×öµÄÎĵµ¡£

4.11) + ʲôÊÇ»ùÒò²éѯÓÅ»¯£¨Genetic Query Optimization£©£¿

+

GEQO Ä£¿é²ÉÓûùÒòËã·¨£¨Genetic Algorithm£¬GA£©¼Ó¿ì¶à±íÁ¬½ÓµÄ²éѯÓÅ»¯¡£ËüÔÊÐíͨ¹ý·ÇÇî¾ÙËÑË÷´¦Àí´óµÄÁ¬½Ó²éѯ¡£ +

4.12) + ÎÒÔõÑù×öÕýÔò±í´ïʽËÑË÷ºÍ´óСдÎ޹صÄÕýÔò±í´ïʽËÑË÷£¿ÔõÑùÀûÓÃË÷Òý½øÐдóСдÎÞ¹ØËÑË÷£¿

+

²Ù×÷·û ~ ´¦ÀíÕýÔò±í´ïʽƥÅ䣬¶ø ~* ´¦Àí´óСдÎ޹صÄÕýÔò±í´ïʽƥÅä¡£´óдЩÎÞ¹ØµÄ LIKE ±äÖÖ³ÉΪ ILIKE¡£
+
+ ´óСдÎ޹صĵÈʽ±È½Ïͨ³£Ð´×ö£º
+
+     SELECT *
+     FROM tab
+     WHERE lower(col) = 'abc';
+
+ ÕâÑù½«²»»áʹÓñê×¼µÄË÷Òý¡£µ«ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔ´´½¨Ò»¸ö¿É±»ÀûÓõĺ¯ÊýË÷Òý:
+
+     CREATE INDEX tabindex ON tab (lower(col));

+

4.13) ÔÚÒ»¸ö²éѯÀÎÒÔõÑù¼ì²âÒ»¸ö×Ö¶ÎÊÇ·ñΪ NULL£¿

+

Óà IS NULL ºÍ IS NOT NULL ²âÊÔÕâ¸ö×ֶΡ£ 
+

+

4.14) ¸÷ÖÖ×Ö·ûÀàÐÍÖ®¼äÓÐʲô²»Í¬£¿

+

  ÀàÐÍ            + ÄÚ²¿Ãû³Æ    + ˵Ã÷
+   --------------------------------------------------
+   "char"        char         + 1¸ö×Ö·û character
+   CHAR(#)      bpchar       + ¶¨³¤×Ö·û´®£¬Êµ¼ÊÊý¾Ý²»×㶨Ò峤¶Èʱ£¬ÒÔ¿Õ¸ñ²¹Æë
+   VARCHAR(#)  varchar     Ö¸¶¨ÁË×î´ó³¤¶È£¬±ä³¤×Ö·û´®£¬²»×㶨Ò峤¶ÈµÄ²¿·Ö²»²¹Æë
+   TEXT           text         + ´®³¤¶È½öÊÜÐеÄ×î´ó³¤¶ÈÏÞÖÆ
+   BYTEA          bytea       + ±ä³¤×Ö½ÚÐòÁУ¨±ä³¤µÄ¶þ½øÖÆÊý¾Ý£©
+
+ ÔÚϵͳ±íºÍÔÚһЩ´íÎóÐÅÏ¢ÀïÄ㽫¿´µ½ÄÚ²¿Ãû³Æ¡£ 
+
+ ÉÏÃæ×îºóËÄÖÖÀàÐÍÊÇ"varlena"£¨±ä³¤£©ÀàÐÍ£¨Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬¿ªÍ·µÄËĸö×Ö½ÚÊdz¤¶È£¬ºóÃæ²ÅÊÇÊý¾Ý£©¡£ÓÚÊÇʵ¼ÊÕ¼ÓõĿռä±ÈÉùÃ÷µÄ´óСҪ¶àһЩ¡£È»¶øÕâЩÀàÐͶ¼¿ÉÒÔ±»Ñ¹Ëõ´æ´¢£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÓà TOAST ÍÑ»ú´æ´¢£¬Òò´Ë´ÅÅÌ¿Õ¼äÒ²¿ÉÄܱÈÔ¤ÏëµÄÒªÉÙ¡£
+
+ CHAR(n) ×îÊʺÏÓÚ´æ´¢³¤¶È»ù±¾²î²»¶àµÄ×Ö·û´®¡£VARCHAR(n) ÔÚ´æ´¢ÏÞÖÆÁË×î´ó³¤¶ÈµÄ±ä³¤×Ö·û´®ÊÇ×îºÃµÄ¡£TEXT ÊÊÓÃÓÚ´æ´¢²»ÏÞÖƳ¤¶ÈµÄ×Ö·û´®£¬×î´ó¿É´ï 1G¡£BYTEA ÓÃÓÚ´æ´¢¶þ½øÖÆÊý¾Ý£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇ°üº¬ NULL ×Ö½Ú£¨¶þ½øÖƵÄ0£©µÄÖµ¡£ÕâЩÀàÐ;ßÓÐÀàÐ͵ÄÐÔÄÜ¡£

+

4.15.1) ÎÒÔõÑù´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁкÅ/×Ô¶¯µÝÔöµÄ×ֶΣ¿

+

PostgreSQL Ö§³Ö SERIAL Êý¾ÝÀàÐÍ¡£ËüÔÚ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ×Ô¶¯´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁкÍË÷Òý¡£ÀýÈ磬
+     CREATE TABLE person ( 
+         id SERIAL, 
+         name TEXT 
+         );
+
+ »á×Ô¶¯×ª»»Îª£º 
+     
+     CREATE SEQUENCE person_id_seq;
+     CREATE TABLE person ( 
+         id INT4 NOT NULL DEFAULT nextval('person_id_seq'),
+         name TEXT 
+         );
+     CREATE UNIQUE INDEX person_id_key ON person ( id );
+
+ ²Î¿¼ create_sequence ÊÖ²áÒ³»ñÈ¡¹ØÓÚÐòÁеĸü¶àÐÅÏ¢¡£Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔÓÃÿÐÐµÄ oid ×Ö¶Î×÷Ϊһ¸öΨһֵ¡£²»¹ý£¬Èç¹ûÄãÐèÒªÇãµ¹ºÍÖØÔØÊý¾Ý¿â£¬ÄãÐèҪʹÓà pg_dump µÄ -o Ñ¡Ïî»òÕß COPY WITH OIDS Ñ¡ÏîÒÔ±£Áô OID¡£ 

+

4.15.2) + ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñµÃÒ»¸ö²åÈëµÄÐòÁкŵÄÖµ£¿

+

Ò»ÖÖ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ²åÈë֮ǰÏÈÓú¯Êý nextval() ´ÓÐòÁжÔÏóÀï¼ìË÷³öÏÂÒ»¸ö SERIAL Öµ£¬È»ºóÔÙÏÔʽ²åÈ롣ʹÓà + 4.15.1 ÀïµÄÀý±í£¬¿ÉÓÃαÂëÕâÑùÃèÊö£º 
+
+     new_id = execute("SELECT nextval('person_id_seq')");
+     execute("INSERT INTO person (id, name) VALUES (new_id, 'Blaise Pascal')");
+
+ ÕâÑù»¹ÄÜÔÚÆäËû²éѯÖÐʹÓôæ·ÅÔÚ new_id ÀïµÄÐÂÖµ£¨ÀýÈ磬×÷Ϊ person ±íµÄÍâ¼ü£©¡£×¢Òâ×Ô¶¯´´½¨µÄ SEQUENCE ¶ÔÏóµÄÃû³Æ½«»áÊÇ <table>_<serialcolumn>_seq£¬ÕâÀï table ºÍ serialcolumn ·Ö±ðÊÇÄãµÄ±íµÄÃû³ÆºÍÄãµÄ SERIAL ×ֶεÄÃû³Æ¡£ 
+
+ ÀàËƵģ¬ÔÚ SERIAL ¶ÔÏóȱʡ²åÈëºóÄã¿ÉÒÔÓú¯Êý currval() ¼ìË÷¸Õ¸³ÖµµÄ SERIAL Öµ£¬ÀýÈ磬 
+
+     execute("INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal')");
+     new_id = execute("SELECT currval('person_id_seq')");
+
+ ×îºó£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃ´Ó INSERT Óï¾ä·µ»ØµÄ OID + ²éÕÒȱʡֵ£¬¾¡¹ÜÕâ¿ÉÄÜÊÇ×îȱ·¦ÒÆÖ²ÐԵķ½·¨¡£ÔÚ Perl ÀʹÓôøÓÐ Edmund Mergl µÄ DBD::Pg Ä£¿éµÄ DBI£¬oid Öµ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý $sth->execute() ºóµÄ $sth->{pg_oid_status} »ñµÃ¡£ 

+

4.15.3) ʹÓà currval() ºÍ nextval() »áµ¼ÖÂÒ»¸öÓëÆäËûÓû§Ö®¼äµÄÎÉÂÒÇé¿öÂð£¿

+

²»»á¡£currval() ·µ»Øºǫ́½ø³Ì¶ø²»ÊÇËùÓÐÓû§¸³ÓèµÄµ±Ç°Öµ¡£
+

+

4.15.4) + Ϊʲô²»ÔÚÊÂÎñÒì³£ÖÐÖ¹ºóÖØÓÃÐòÁкÅÄØ£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´ÔÚÐòÁкÅ×ֶεÄÈ¡ÖµÖдæÔÚ¼ä¶ÏÄØ£¿

+

ΪÁËÌá¸ß²¢·¢ÐÔ£¬ÐòÁкÅÔÚÐèÒªµÄʱºò¸³ÓèÕýÔÚÔËÐеÄÊÂÎñ£¬²¢ÇÒÖ»ÔÚÊÂÎñ½áÊø֮ǰ²»·âËø¡£Õâ¾Í»áµ¼ÖÂزÕÛÊÂÎñºóµÄÐòÁкųöÏÖ¼ä¸ô¡£

+


+ 4.16) ʲôÊÇ OID£¿Ê²Ã´ÊÇ TID£¿

+

OID ÊÇ PostgreSQL ÖÐÐеÄΨһ±êʶ¡£PostgreSQL Àï´´½¨µÄÿһÐж¼»ñµÃÒ»¸öΨһµÄ OID¡£ËùÓÐÔÚ initdb ¹ý³ÌÖд´½¨µÄ OID ¶¼Ð¡ÓÚ 16384 £¨²Î¼û include/access/transam.h£©¡£ËùÓÐÓû§´´½¨µÄ OID ¶¼´óÓÚ»òµÈÓÚÕâ¸öÖµ¡£È±Ê¡Ê±£¬ËùÓÐÕâЩ OID ²»½öÔÚÒ»¸ö±í»òÒ»¸öÊý¾Ý¿âÀïÃæΨһ£¬¶øÇÒÔÚÕû¸ö PostgreSQL °²×°ÀïÒ²ÊÇΨһµÄ¡£ 
+
+ PostgreSQL ÔÚËüµÄÄÚ²¿ÏµÍ³±íÀïʹÓà OID ÔÚ±íÖ®¼ä½¨Á¢ÁªÏµ¡£ÕâЩ OID ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÓÚ±êʶÌض¨µÄÓû§ÐÐÒÔ¼°ÓÃÔÚÁ¬½ÓÀï¡£½¨ÒéʹÓÃ×Ö¶ÎÀàÐÍ OID ´æ´¢ OID Öµ¡£¿ÉÒÔÔÚ OID ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ´´½¨Ò»¸öË÷ÒýÒÔ¿ìËÙ·ÃÎÊ¡£ 
+
+ OID ´ÓÒ»¸ö±»ËùÓÐÊý¾Ý¿âʹÓõÄÖÐÐÄÇøÓòÀ︳ֵ¸øËùÓÐÐÂÐС£Èç¹ûÄãÏë°Ñ OID ¸Ä³É±ðµÄÖµ£¬»òÕßÏë×öÒ»·Ý±íµÄ´øԭʼ OID µÄ¿½±´£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ×öµ½£º 
+
+     CREATE TABLE new(old_oid oid, mycol int);
+     SELECT old_oid, mycol INTO new FROM old;
+     COPY new TO '/tmp/pgtable';
+     DELETE FROM new;
+     COPY new WITH OIDS FROM '/tmp/pgtable';
+
+ OID ÓÃ4×Ö½ÚµÄÕûÊý±£´æ£¬ÔÚ³¬¹ý40ÒÚʱ½«Òç³ö¡£Ã»ÓÐÈ˱¨¸æ³öÏÖ¹ýÒç³ö£¬¶øÎÒÃÇ´òËãÔÚÓÐÈ˱¨¸æ֮ǰÏû³ýÕâ¸öÏÞÖÆ¡£
+
+ TID ÓÃÓÚ±êʶ´ø×ÅÊý¾Ý¿é£¨µØÖ·£©ºÍ£¨¿éÄÚ£©Æ«ÒƵÄÌض¨µÄÎïÀíÐС£TID ÔÚÐб»¸ü¸Ä»òÖØÔغó·¢Éú¸Ä±ä¡£Ë÷ÒýÈë¿ÚʹÓÃËüÃÇÖ¸ÏòÎïÀíÐС£

+

4.17) PostgreSQL ʹÓõÄһЩÊõÓïµÄº¬ÒåÊÇʲô£¿

+

һЩԴ´úÂëºÍһЩ¾ÉÒ»µãµÄÎĵµÊ¹ÓÃһЩÓиü³£ÓÃÓ÷¨µÄÊõÓï¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÆäÖÐÒ»²¿·Ö£º 
+     table, relation, class 
+     row, record, tuple 
+     column, field, attribute 
+     retrieve, select 
+     replace, update 
+     append, insert 
+     OID, serial value 
+     portal, cursor 
+     range variable, table name, table alias 
+
+ ÓÐÒ»¸öͨÓÃÊý¾Ý¿âÊõÓïµÄÁÐ±í£ºhttp://hea-www.harvard.edu/MST/simul/software/docs/pkgs/pgsql/glossary/glossary.html + ¡£  

+

4.18) + ΪʲôÎÒÊÕµ½´íÎó¡°ERROR: Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()¡±£¿

+

ÕâºÜ¿ÉÄÜÊÇϵͳµÄÐéÄâÄÚ´æÓùâÁË£¬»òÕßÄں˶ÔijЩ×ÊÔ´Óнϵ͵ÄÏÞÖÆÖµ¡£ÔÚÆô¶¯ postmaster ֮ǰÊÔÊÔÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁ 
+
+     ulimit -d 262144
+     limit datasize 256m
+
+ È¡¾öÓÚÄãÓÃµÄ shell£¬ÉÏÃæÃüÁîÖ»ÓÐÒ»ÌõÄܳɹ¦£¬µ«ÊÇËü½«°ÑÄãµÄ½ø³ÌÊý¾Ý¶ÎÏÞÖÆÉèµÃ±È½Ï¸ß£¬Òò¶øÒ²ÐíÄÜÈòéѯÍê³É¡£ÕâÌõÃüÁîÓ¦ÓÃÓÚµ±Ç°½ø³Ì£¬ÒÔ¼°ËùÓÐÔÚÕâÌõÃüÁîÔËÐк󴴽¨µÄ×Ó½ø³Ì¡£Èç¹ûÄãÊÇÔÚÔËÐÐSQL¿Í»§¶ËʱÒòΪºǫ́·µ»ØÁËÌ«¶àµÄÊý¾Ý¶ø³öÏÖÎÊÌ⣬ÇëÔÚÔËÐпͻ§¶Ë֮ǰִÐÐÉÏÊöÃüÁî¡£

+

4.19) + ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜÖªµÀËùÔËÐÐµÄ PostgreSQL µÄ°æ±¾£¿

+

´Ó psql À¼üÈë SELECT version()£»
+

+

4.20) + ΪʲôÎҵĴó¶ÔÏó²Ù×÷µ¼Ö´íÎó¡°invalid large obj descriptor¡±£¨·Ç·¨µÄ´ó¶ÔÏóÃèÊö·û£©£¿

+

ÄãÐèÒªÔÚʹÓÃÈκδó¶ÔÏó¾ä±úµÄÇ°ºó·ÅÉÏ BEGIN WORK ºÍ COMMIT£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬°üΧ lo_open ... lo_close¡£ 
+
+ Ä¿Ç° PostgreSQL Ç¿ÖÆʵʩÕâÌõ¹æÔò£ºÔÚÊÂÎñÌύʱ¹Ø±Õ´ó¶ÔÏó¾ä±ú£¬ÕâÑù£¬£¨Ã»ÓвÉÓÃÊÂÎñʱ£©£¬Ê״ζԴó¶ÔÏó¾ä±ú×öÈκÎÊÂÇéµÄÆóͼ¶¼»áµ¼ÖÂÒ»¸ö invalid large obj descriptor¡£ËùÒÔ£¬Èç¹ûÄãûÓÐʹÓÃÒ»¸öÊÂÎñ£¬ÒÔÇ°Äܹ¤×÷µÄ´úÂ루ÖÁÉÙÊÇ´ó¶àÊýʱ¼ä£©½«»áÉú³ÉÕâôһ¸ö´íÎóÐÅÏ¢¡£ 
+
+ Èç¹ûÄãʹÓÿͻ§¶Ë½Ó¿Ú£¬Èç ODBC£¬Äã¿ÉÄÜÐèÒª set auto-commit off¡£

+

4.21) ÎÒÈçºÎ´´½¨Ò»¸öȱʡֵÊǵ±Ç°Ê±¼äµÄ×ֶΣ¿

+

ʹÓà CURRENT_TIMESTAMP£º
+
+     CREATE TABLE test(x int, modtime timestamp DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);

+

4.22) ΪʲôʹÓà IN µÄ×Ó²éѯÕâôÂý£¿

+

Ä¿Ç°£¬ÎÒÃÇͨ¹ýΪÍâ²éѯµÄÿһÐÐ˳ÐòɨÃè×Ó²éѯµÄ½á¹ûÀ´Á¬½Ó×Ó²éѯºÍÍâ²éѯ¡£Èç¹û×Ó²éѯ·µ»ØÉÙÊý¼¸ÐУ¬¶øÍâ²éѯ·µ»ØºÜ¶àÐУ¬IN Ö´Ðеúܿ졣ΪÁ˼ӿìÆäËû IN ²éѯµÄÖ´ÐУ¬¿ÉÒÔÓà EXISTS Ìæ»» IN£º 
+
+     SELECT *
+     FROM tab
+     WHERE col IN (SELECT subcol FROM subtab);
+
+ ¸ÄΪ£º 
+
+     SELECT *
+     FROM tab
+     WHERE EXISTS (SELECT subcol FROM subtab WHERE subcol = col);
+
+ ºóÕßÒªÏëÖ´Ðеøü¿ì£¬subcol Ó¦¸ÃÊÇÒ»¸öË÷ÒýÁС£ÎÒÃÇÏ£ÍûÔÚδÀ´µÄ·¢²¼°æ±¾ÖÐÐÞ²¹Õâ¸öÏÞÖÆ¡£

+

4.23) ÎÒÔõÑù½øÐÐ outer join £¨ÍâÁ¬½Ó£©£¿

+

PostgreSQL ²ÉÓñê×¼µÄ SQL Óï·¨Ö§³ÖÍâÁ¬½Ó¡£ÕâÀïÊÇÁ½¸öÀý×Ó£º
+
+     SELECT *
+     FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 ON (t1.col = t2.col);
+
+ »ò 
+     SELECT *
+     FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 USING (col);
+
+ ÕâÁ½¸öµÈ¼ÛµÄ²éѯÔÚ t1.col ºÍ t2.col ÉÏ×öÁ¬½Ó£¬²¢ÇÒ·µâ»?t1 ÖÐËùÓÐδÁ¬½ÓµÄÐУ¨ÄÇЩÔÚ t2 ÖÐûÓÐÆ¥ÅäµÄÐУ©¡£ÓÒ[Íâ]Á¬½Ó(RIGHT OUTER JOIN)½«·µ»Ø t2 ÖÐδÁ¬½ÓµÄÐС£ÍêÈ«ÍâÁ¬½Ó£¨FULL OUTER JOIN£©½«·µ»Ø t1 ºÍ t2 ÖÐδÁ¬½ÓµÄÐС£¹Ø¼ü×Ö OUTER ÔÚ×ó[Íâ]Á¬½Ó¡¢ÓÒ[Íâ]Á¬½ÓºÍÍêÈ«[Íâ]Á¬½ÓÖÐÊÇ¿ÉÑ¡µÄ£¬ÆÕͨÁ¬½Ó±»³ÉΪÄÚÁ¬½Ó£¨INNER JOIN£©¡£
+
+ ÔÚ´ËÇ°µÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬ÍâÁ¬½Ó¿ÉÒÔÓà UNION ºÍ NOT IN À´Ä£Äâ¡£ÀýÈ磬ÏÂÃæµÄÀý×ÓÔÚ±í tab1 ºÍ tab2 Ö®¼ä×öÍâÁ¬½Ó£º
+
+     SELECT tab1.col1, tab2.col2
+     FROM tab1, tab2
+     WHERE tab1.col1 = tab2.col1
+
+     UNION ALL
+
+     SELECT tab1.col1, NULL
+     FROM tab1
+     WHERE tab1.col1 NOT IN (SELECT tab2.col1 FROM tab2)
+     ORDER BY col1

+

4.24) + ÈçºÎʹÓÃÉæ¼°¶à¸öÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éѯ£¿

+

ûÓа취²éѯµ±Ç°Êý¾Ý¿âÖ®ÍâµÄÊý¾Ý¿â¡£ÒòΪ PostgreSQL ¼ÓÔØÊý¾Ý¿âÏà¹ØµÄϵͳĿ¼£¨ÏµÍ³±í£©£¬¿çÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éѯÈçºÎÖ´ÐÐҲδÃ÷È·¡£
+
+ contrib/dblink ÔÊÐí²ÉÓú¯Êýµ÷ÓÃʵÏÖ¿ç¿â²éѯ¡£µ±È»¿ÉÒÔͬʱÁ¬½Óµ½²»Í¬µÄÊý¾Ý¿â²¢ÔÚ¿Í»§¶ËºÏ²¢½á¹û¡£

+

4.25) + ÈçºÎÈú¯Êý·µ»Ø¶àÐлò¶àÁУ¿

+

¿ÉÒÔÔÚ PL/pgSQL º¯ÊýÖÐʹÓà refcursors ·µ»Ø½á¹û¼¯¡£²Î¿´ + http://www.PostgreSQL.org/idocs/index.php?plpgsql-cursors.html, 23.7.3.3½Ú¡£
+

+

4.26) ΪʲôÔÚ + PL/PgSQL º¯ÊýÖв»ÄÜ¿É¿¿µØ´´½¨»òɾ³ýÁÙʱ±í£¿

+

PL/PgSQL + »º´æº¯ÊýµÄÄÚÈÝ£¬ÓÉ´Ë´øÀ´µÄÒ»¸ö²»ºÃµÄ¸±×÷ÓÃÊÇÈôÒ»¸ö PL/PgSQL + º¯Êý·ÃÎÊÁËÒ»¸öÁÙʱ±í£¬È»ºó¸Ã±í±»É¾³ý²¢Öؽ¨ÁË£¬ÔòÔٴε÷Óøú¯Êý½«Ê§°Ü£¬ÒòΪ»º´æµÄº¯ÊýÄÚÈÝÈÔȻָÏò¾ÉµÄÁÙʱ±í¡£½â¾öµÄ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ + PL/PgSQL ÖÐÓà EXECUTE + ¶ÔÁÙʱ±í½øÐзÃÎÊ¡£ÕâÑù»á±£Ö¤²éѯÔÚÖ´ÐÐÇ°×ÜÊÇÖØзÖÎö¡£

+

4.27) + ÓÐÄÄЩÊý¾Ý¸´ÖÆÑ¡Ï

+

Óм¸ÖÖÖ÷/´Ó·½Ê½µÄ¸´ÖÆÑ¡Ïî¡£ÕâЩѡÏîÖ»ÔÊÐíÖ÷Êý¾Ý¿â½øÐиüУ¬´ÓÊý¾Ý¿âÖ»ÄܽøÐжÁ¡£ÍøÒ³ + http://gborg.PostgreSQL.org/genpage?replication_research  + µÄ×îºóÁгöÁËÕâЩѡÏî¡£ÔÚ http://gborg.PostgreSQL.org/project/pgreplication/projdisplay.php + ÕýÔÚ½øÐÐÒ»¸ö¶àÖ÷±¾¸´ÖƵĽâ¾ö·½°¸¡£

+

4.28) + ÓÐÄÄЩÊý¾Ý¼ÓÃÜÑ¡Ï +
+
+

+

contrib/pgcrypto °üº¬Á˺ܶàÔÚ SQL + ²éѯÖÐʹÓõļÓÃܺ¯Êý¡£¼ÓÃÜ¿Í»§¶Ëµ½·þÎñÆ÷¶Ë´«ÊäÊý¾ÝµÄΨһ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ pg_hba.conf + ÖвÉÓà hostss ¡£ 
+
+ 7.3 + °æ±¾ÖÐ×Ô¶¯¶ÔÊý¾Ý¿âÓû§ÃÜÂë½øÐмÓÃÜ¡£ÔÚÒÔÇ°µÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬±ØÐëÔÚ + postgresql.conf Öдò¿ª PASSWORD_ENCRYPTION + Ñ¡Ïî¡£·þÎñÆ÷¿ÉÒÔÔËÐÐÔÚ¼ÓÃܵÄÎļþϵͳÉÏ£¨ÒÔ´ïµ½¼ÓÃܵÄÄ¿µÄ£©¡£
+
+ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

+

À©Õ¹ PostgreSQL

+

5.1) + ÎÒдÁËÒ»¸öÓû§¶¨Ò庯Êý¡£µ±ÎÒÔÚ psql ÀïÔËÐÐʱ£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´»áµ¼Ö core dump£¿

+

²úÉúÕâ¸öÎÊÌâµÄÔ­ÒòºÜ¶à¡£ÇëÏÈÔÚÒ»¸öµ¥¶ÀµÄ²âÊÔ³ÌÐòÖвâÊÔÄãµÄ×Ô¶¨Ò庯Êý¡£

+

5.2) ÎÒÈçºÎÄܸø + PostgreSQL ¹±Ï×һЩͦ²»´íµÄÐÂÀàÐͺͺ¯Êý£¿

+

½«ÄãµÄÀ©Õ¹·¢Ë͵½ pgsql-hackers + ÓʼþÁÐ±í£¬ËüÃÇ×îÖջᱻ·Åµ½ contrib/ ×ÓĿ¼¡£
+

+

5.3) ÎÒÔõÑùдһ¸ö·µ»ØÒ»ÌõÔª×éµÄ C º¯Êý£¿

+

ÔÚ PostgreSQL 7.3 ÒÔºóµÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬C, PL/PgSQL ºÍ SQL + ÍêÈ«Ö§³Ö·µ»ØֵΪ±íµÄº¯Êý¡£¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢Çë²Î¿¼ + ³ÌÐòÔ±Ö¸ÄÏ£¨the Programmer's Guide£©¡£ÔÚ contrib/tablefunc + ÖÐÓÐÒ»¸öÀý×ÓÊÇÓà C дµÄ·µ»ØֵΪ±íµÄº¯Êý¡£

+

5.4) + ÎÒÐÞ¸ÄÁËÒ»¸öÔ´Îļþ£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´ÖØбàÒëºóûÓп´µ½¸Ä±ä£¿

+

Makefiles ÖÐûÓаüº¬Í·ÎļþµÄÕýÈ·ÒÀÀµ¡£Äú±ØÐëÏÈ×ömake + clean£¬ ÔÙ×öÒ»´Î make ¡£Èç¹ûÄúʹÓõÄÊÇ GCC + £¬Ôò¿ÉÒÔ²ÉÓÃÑ¡Ïî --enable-depend + ÈñàÒëÆ÷×Ô¶¯Éú³ÉÍ·ÎļþµÄÒÀÀµ¹Øϵ¡£

+ + diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml index 2df0068b0e..c6e6921a93 100644 --- a/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml +++ b/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ @@ -32,7 +32,9 @@ PostgreSQL documentation SQL standard. Some of the extended functionality is present in other SQL database management systems, and in many cases this functionality is compatible and - consistent between the various implementations. + consistent between the various implementations. This chapter is also + not exhaustive; additional functions appear in relivant sections of + the manual.