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the main goal of these changes is to address the case where an application provides a stack of size N, but TLS has size M that's a significant portion of the size N (or even larger than N), thus giving the application less stack space than it expected or no stack at all! the new strategy pthread_create now uses is to only put TLS on the application-provided stack if TLS is smaller than 1/8 of the stack size or 2k, whichever is smaller. this ensures that the application always has "close enough" to what it requested, and the threshold is chosen heuristically to make sure "sane" amounts of TLS still end up in the application-provided stack. if TLS does not fit the above criteria, pthread_create uses mmap to obtain space for TLS, but still uses the application-provided stack for actual call frame stack. this is to avoid wasting memory, and for the sake of supporting ugly hacks like garbage collection based on assumptions that the implementation will use the provided stack range. in order for the above heuristics to ever succeed, the amount of TLS space wasted on POSIX TSD (pthread_key_create based) needed to be reduced. otherwise, these changes would preclude any use of pthread_create without mmap, which would have serious memory usage and performance costs for applications trying to create huge numbers of threads using pre-allocated stack space. the new value of PTHREAD_KEYS_MAX is the minimum allowed by POSIX, 128. this should still be plenty more than real-world applications need, especially now that C11/gcc-style TLS is now supported in musl, and most apps and libraries choose to use that instead of POSIX TSD when available. at the same time, PTHREAD_STACK_MIN has been decreased. it was originally set to PAGE_SIZE back when there was no support for TLS or application-provided stacks, and requests smaller than a whole page did not make sense. now, there are two good reasons to support requests smaller than a page: (1) applications could provide pre-allocated stacks smaller than a page, and (2) with smaller stack sizes, stack+TLS+TSD can all fit in one page, making it possible for applications which need huge numbers of threads with minimal stack needs to allocate exactly one page per thread. the new value of PTHREAD_STACK_MIN, 2k, is aligned with the minimum size for sigaltstack.
musl libc - a new standard library to power a new generation of
Linux-based devices. musl is lightweight, fast, simple, free, and
strives to be correct in the sense of standards-conformance and
safety.
musl is an alternative to glibc, eglibc, uClibc, dietlibc, and klibc.
For reasons why one might prefer musl, please see the FAQ and libc
comparison chart on the project website,
http://www.musl-libc.org/
For installation instructions, see the INSTALL file.
Please refer to the COPYRIGHT file for details on the copyright and
license status of code included in musl (standard MIT license).
Greetings!
The 0.9.x release series for musl features interface coverage for all
interfaces defined in ISO C99 and POSIX 2008 base, along with a number
of non-standardized interfaces for compatibility with Linux, BSD, and
glibc functionality. As the release series progresses, we are
gradually adding support for incomplete functionality in existing
interfaces, additional functions that are deemed to be important due
to their use in real-world software, and support for new library and
language features in C11 such as thread-local storage, which is now
supported on all targets. In addition, support for additional target
cpu architectures is being added.
The number of packages build successfully against musl - either
out-of-the-box or with minor patches to address portability errors -
has exceeded 5000 and is steadily growing. In addition to application
compatibility testing, unit testing has been conducted using three
separate test frameworks and numerous additional standalone test cases
to verify the correctness of the implementation.
Included with this package is a gcc wrapper script (musl-gcc) which
allows you to build musl-linked programs using an existing gcc 3.x or
4.x toolchain on the host. There are also now at several mini
distributions (in the form of build scripts) which provide a
self-hosting musl-based toolchain and system root. These are much
better options than the wrapper script if you wish to use dynamic
linking or build packages with many library dependencies. See the musl
website for details.
The musl project is actively seeking contributors, mostly in the areas
of porting, testing, and application compatibility improvement. For
bug reports, support requests, or to get involved in development,
please visit #musl on Freenode IRC or subscribe to the musl mailing
list by sending a blank email to musl-subscribe AT lists DOT openwall
DOT com.
Thank you for using musl.
Cheers,
Rich Felker / dalias